Steering and locking device of steering drive axle of high-speed forklift

Abstract

The utility model discloses a steering and locking device of a steering drive axle of a high-speed forklift, which comprises an axle, a left hub, a right hub and a steering locking component, the steering locking component is respectively connected with the axle, the left hub and the right hub, the left hub is arranged on one side of the axle, and the right hub is arranged on the other side of the axle. According to the utility model, the angle sensor is axially arranged at the end part of the corner input shaft of the front axle steering booster of the high-speed forklift to detect the steering angle of the front axle; an angle sensor is axially arranged at the end of a steering rocker pin shaft of the rear axle to detect the steering angle of the rear axle. Through angle detection, comparison and control of the front axle angle sensor and the rear axle angle sensor, accurate follow-up steering of the rear axle along with the front axle is achieved; the steering locking oil cylinder is provided with an oil cylinder ventilation pipe, so that the steering locking oil cylinder can work under water in a submerged manner; the steering locking oil cylinder is provided with a position sensor, reliable locking of the rear axle is monitored and fed back, and the running reliability and stability of the whole vehicle are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of engineering vehicles, and in particular relates to a steering and locking device for a steering drive axle of a high-speed forklift. Background Art

[0002] A high-speed forklift is an engineering vehicle that travels at high speeds. The vehicle has a large mass. Both the front and rear axles can be driven when driving, and both the front and rear axles can be steered when operating. The steering and locking device of the rear axle are crucial to the steering flexibility of the vehicle and the stability of high-speed driving. The traditional forklift layout is that the front axle drives and carries, and the rear axle steers, which is not conducive to high-speed driving. The high-speed forklift has a large vehicle mass. Both the front and rear axles use steering drive axles, the front axle hydraulic power mechanical steering, and the rear axle hydraulic steering. In the dual-axle four-wheel steering mode, the speed and angle of the rear axle steering are difficult to synchronize with the front axle, resulting in insufficient steering of the rear axle, delayed reaction, and a larger steering radius. When driving at high speed, when the rear axle steering needs to be locked, the lock pin has a small clearance, it is difficult to ensure accuracy and lock in place. The lock pin has a large clearance, and the steering rocker swing clearance is large, which easily causes the rear wheel to shake left and right and flick the tail, affecting the reliability and stability of the vehicle.

[0003] The patent document with publication number CN116890908A discloses a forklift steering control system, including a front axle steering mechanism, a rear axle steering mechanism, a mode switching valve group, a steering gear, a fuel tank and a system controller; the front axle steering mechanism includes a front steering cylinder, and the rear axle steering mechanism includes a rear steering cylinder; the mode switching valve group is provided with a P1 port and a T1 port connected to the steering gear, a P2 port and a T2 port connected to the front steering cylinder, an A1 port and a B1 port connected to the rear steering cylinder, and an A2 port connected to the fuel tank; the mode switching valve group includes two two-position four-way solenoid reversing valves connected by an oil circuit, a three-position four-way solenoid reversing valve, a two-way hydraulic lock and four two-position three-way hydraulically controlled reversing valves. The system does not disclose the technical content of improving the steering accuracy of the rear axle following the front axle and the neutral locking of the rear axle steering.

[0004] The patent document with publication number CN113460917A discloses a multi-mode valve for telescopic forklift and an automatic locking multi-mode steering system, wherein the multi-mode valve comprises a housing, and a valve core, an electromagnet A, an electromagnet B and an electromagnet C arranged in the housing; two limit grooves are arranged in sequence on the side wall of the valve core; the electromagnet A and the electromagnet B are arranged at the two ends of the valve core respectively, and are used to control the movement of the valve core in the direction of the electromagnet A or the electromagnet B; the electromagnet C is arranged on the side of the valve core and is connected to the housing through an elastic member, and cooperates with the limit groove on the side wall of the valve core to complete the locking of the valve core. The utility model adds a self-locking function. In case of emergency, the mode will not change autonomously in the self-locking state. The system realizes different movement modes of different forklifts through the oil inlet direction of the front axle steering cylinder and the rear axle steering cylinder, but it does not disclose the technical content of improving the steering accuracy of the rear axle follow-up front axle and the neutral locking of the rear axle steering. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a steering and locking device for a steering drive axle of a high-speed forklift.

[0006] The utility model is realized through the following technical solutions.

[0007] The utility model provides a steering and locking device for a high-speed forklift steering drive axle, comprising an axle, a left wheel hub, a right wheel hub and a steering locking assembly, wherein the steering locking assembly is connected to the axle, the left wheel hub and the right wheel hub respectively, the left wheel hub is arranged on one side of the axle, and the right wheel hub is arranged on the other side of the axle;

[0008] The steering locking assembly includes a steering cylinder, a steering rocker arm, a short steering tie rod, a long steering crank arm, and a rocker arm shaft. One end of the steering cylinder is hinged to the support of the axle, and the other end of the steering cylinder is hinged to the steering rocker arm. The steering rocker arm is hinged to the axle through the rocker arm shaft. The top of the steering rocker arm is connected to one end of the long steering crank arm through a short steering tie rod. The long steering crank arm is connected to the left wheel hub. The long steering crank arm is arc-shaped, and one end of the long steering crank arm is connected to the left wheel hub after bypassing the support of the axle.

[0009] Preferably, the steering locking assembly includes a steering locking cylinder A, a cylinder ventilation pipe A, a cylinder ventilation pipe B and a steering locking cylinder B, the large-cavity spring chamber A of the locking cylinder A is connected to the cylinder ventilation pipe A, and the large-cavity spring chamber B of the steering locking cylinder B is connected to the cylinder ventilation pipe B.

[0010] Preferably, a hinge hole A is set at one end of the steering rocker arm, and a hinge hole B and a hinge hole C are set at the other end of the steering rocker arm. A and a slot B are respectively set on both sides of the waist of the steering rocker arm. The steering rocker arm is hinged to the rocker arm shaft through the hinge hole A, the steering rocker arm is hinged to the steering cylinder through the hinge hole B, and the steering rocker arm is hinged to the steering short tie rod through the hinge hole C.

[0011] Preferably, the steering lock assembly comprises a long steering tie rod and a short steering crank arm, one end of the long steering crank arm is connected to one end of the short steering crank arm through the long steering tie rod, and the other end of the short steering crank arm is connected to the right wheel hub.

[0012] Preferably, a position sensor A is provided on the piston position detection port A of the locking oil cylinder A, and a position sensor B is provided on the piston position detection port B of the steering locking oil cylinder B.

[0013] Preferably, the steering rocker arm is made of a structural steel plate, a pin is arranged on the hinge hole A, and an angle sensor is axially arranged on the pin.

[0014] Preferably, a notch is provided on the steering rocker arm, and the notch is provided between the hinge hole B and the slot A, and the corners of the notch are rounded.

[0015] Preferably, the card slot A and the card slot B are both arranged in an arc shape, and the slope of the card slot A and the card slot B is a taper of 1:8, and the angle is 5-10 degrees.

[0016] Preferably, the long steering arm is arc-shaped, and one end of the long steering arm is connected to the left wheel hub after passing around the support of the axle.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0018] The utility model can detect the steering angle of the front axle by axially configuring an angle sensor at the end of the angle input shaft of the front axle steering booster of the high-speed forklift; and detect the steering angle of the rear axle by axially configuring an angle sensor at the end of the steering rocker pin shaft of the rear axle. Through the angle detection, comparison and control of the front and rear axle angle sensors, the rear axle can be accurately steered with the front axle; the steering lock oil cylinder is provided with an oil cylinder vent pipe, so that the steering lock oil cylinder can be submerged and work underwater; the steering lock oil cylinder is provided with a position sensor, and the reliable locking of the rear axle is monitored and fed back, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the whole vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 5It is a structural schematic diagram of the steering locking cylinder of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the steering rocker arm of the utility model;

[0025] In the figure: 1-steering cylinder, 2-position sensor A, 3-locking cylinder A, 31-large cavity spring cavity A, 32-piston position detection port A, 4-cylinder vent pipe A, 5-steering rocker arm, 51-hinge hole A, 511-pin shaft, 52-hinge hole B, 53-hinge hole C, 54-slot A, 55-slot B, 56-notch, 6-cylinder vent pipe B, 7-steering locking cylinder B, 71-large cavity spring cavity B, 72-piston position detection port B, 8-position sensor B, 9-steering short tie rod, 10-steering long crank arm, 11-left wheel hub, 12-rocker arm shaft, 13-angle sensor, 14-steering long tie rod, 15-axle, 151-support, 16-steering short crank arm, 17-right wheel hub. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solution of the utility model is further described below, but the scope of protection required is not limited to the description.

[0027] Example:

[0028] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a steering and locking device of a high-speed forklift steering drive axle includes an axle 15, a left wheel hub 11, a right wheel hub 17 and a steering locking assembly, wherein the steering locking assembly is connected to the axle 15, the left wheel hub 11 and the right wheel hub 17 respectively, the left wheel hub 11 is arranged on one side of the axle 15, and the right wheel hub 17 is arranged on the other side of the axle 15.

[0029] The steering locking assembly includes a steering cylinder 1, a steering rocker arm 5, a short steering tie rod 9, a long steering crank arm 10, and a rocker shaft 12. The cylinder end of the steering cylinder 1 is hinged to the support 151 of the axle 15, the piston end of the steering cylinder 1 is hinged to the top of the steering rocker arm 5, the root of the steering rocker arm 5 is hinged to the axle 15 through the rocker shaft 12, the top of the steering rocker arm 5 is connected to one end of the long steering crank arm 10 through a short steering tie rod 9, the long steering crank arm 10 is connected to the left wheel hub 11 to deflect the left wheel hub 11, the long steering crank arm 10 is arc-shaped, and one end of the long steering crank arm 10 is connected to the left wheel hub 11 after bypassing the support 151 of the axle 15, so as to control the steering of the left wheel hub 11 through the long steering crank arm 10.

[0030] The steering lock assembly includes a steering lock cylinder A3, a cylinder vent pipe A4, a cylinder vent pipe B6 and a steering lock cylinder B7. The large-cavity spring chamber A31 of the locking cylinder A3 is connected to the cylinder vent pipe A4, the large-cavity spring chamber B71 of the steering lock cylinder B7 is connected to the cylinder vent pipe B6, and the steering rocker arm 5 is connected to the steering lock cylinder A3 and the steering lock cylinder B7 respectively. The steering lock cylinder A3 and the steering lock cylinder B7 can have the same structure. The cylinder vent pipe A4 and the cylinder vent pipe B6 are used to lead the vent to a higher position so that the steering lock cylinder A3 and the steering lock cylinder B7 can be submerged in water to work, avoid clogging, water leakage or rusting of the vent hole, and improve the wading performance of the vehicle. The steering lock cylinder A3 and the steering lock cylinder B7 both use large-cavity spring force to push the piston to lock, so large-cavity spring chamber A31 and large-cavity spring chamber B71 are respectively provided. One side of the large chamber spring chamber A31 and the large chamber spring chamber B71 are connected to the small chamber. The small chamber is connected to the pressure oil, which pushes the pistons of the steering lock cylinder A3 and the steering lock cylinder B7 to pull out the lock pin and release the steering neutral lock.

[0031] A hinge hole A51 is set at one end of the steering rocker arm 5, and a hinge hole B52 and a hinge hole C53 are set at the other end of the steering rocker arm 5. A slot A54 and a slot B55 are respectively set on both sides of the waist of the steering rocker arm 5. The steering rocker arm 5 is hinged to the rocker arm shaft 12 through the hinge hole A51, the steering rocker arm 5 is hinged to the steering cylinder 1 through the hinge hole B52, the steering rocker arm 5 is hinged to the steering short tie rod 9 through the hinge hole C53, the steering rocker arm 5 is connected and locked with the steering locking cylinder A3 through the slot A54, and the steering rocker arm 5 is connected and locked with the steering locking cylinder B7 through the slot B55.

[0032] The steering lock assembly includes a long steering rod 14 and a short steering arm 16. One end of the long steering arm 10 is connected to one end of the short steering arm 16 through the long steering rod 14. The other end of the short steering arm 16 is connected to the right wheel hub 17, so that the right wheel hub 17 deflects in the same direction as the left wheel hub 11.

[0033] A position sensor A2 is provided on the piston position detection port A32 of the locking oil cylinder A3, and a position sensor B8 is provided on the piston position detection port B72 of the steering locking oil cylinder B7. The position sensor A2 and the position sensor B8 monitor the signal confirmation that the piston rods of the steering locking oil cylinder A3 and the steering locking oil cylinder B7 are locked in place, thereby improving the reliability of locking in place.

[0034] The steering rocker arm 5 is made of a structural steel plate, a pin 511 is arranged on the hinge hole A51, and an angle sensor 13 is axially arranged on the pin 511. The angle sensor 13 is used to monitor the deflection angle of the rear axle steering rocker arm 5. The value monitored by the angle sensor 13 is detected, compared and controlled by the controller arranged on the vehicle and the angle of the front axle of the vehicle, so as to realize the precise follow-up steering of the rear axle of the vehicle following the front axle.

[0035] The position sensor A2, the position sensor B8 and the angle sensor 13 all adopt a protection level of IP67 or above, can be submerged underwater and work normally, and improve the vehicle's wading performance.

[0036] The steering rocker arm 5 is provided with a notch 56 , which is provided between the hinge hole B52 and the slot A54 , and the notch 56 has a rounded corner, and is used to prevent interference from the steering cylinder 1 and to increase the range of the push angle.

[0037] The slot A54 and the slot B55 are both arranged in an arc shape, and the shapes of the slot A54 and the slot B55 can be the same. The insertion slope of the slot A54 and the slot B55 is a taper of 1:8, and the angle is 5-10 degrees. In this embodiment, 7.9 degrees is preferred. The pins of the steering locking cylinder A3 against the slot A54 and the steering locking cylinder B7 against the slot B55 are both provided with guiding bevels to adapt to the slot A54 and the slot B55, thereby ensuring the compatibility of the piston errors of the steering locking cylinder A3 and the steering locking cylinder B7 and the supplementation of the gap, and facilitating the insertion and locking of the steering locking cylinder A3 and the steering locking cylinder B7.

[0038] A method for using a forklift steering drive axle device, including rear axle follow-up steering and rear axle steering neutral locking:

[0039] The rear axle follow-up steering method is as follows: an angle sensor 13 is axially arranged at the end of the angle input shaft of the steering booster of the front axle of the vehicle to detect the angle parameter and input it into the controller of the vehicle; an angle sensor 13 is also axially arranged at the end of the pin shaft 511 of the steering rocker 5 of the rear axle, and the detected angle parameter is also fed back to the controller. The angle parameter detected by the front axle controls the proportional solenoid valve to supply oil to the rear axle steering cylinder 1, so that the rear axle deflects in the required direction. When the angle fed back by the rear axle is consistent with the angle detected by the front axle, the steering is stopped, and the speed of the steering is controlled by the front axle speed and the proportional solenoid valve. Through the angle detection, comparison and control of the angle sensor 13, the precise follow-up steering of the rear axle following the front axle is realized.

[0040] The rear axle steering neutral locking method is: by setting position sensors A2 and B8, monitoring the information of the rear axle steering locking cylinder A3 and the steering locking cylinder B7 being locked in place, and feeding back to the controller to participate in the reliable switching of the steering mode. The rear axle steering cylinder 1 pushes the steering rocker arm 5 to deflect left and right, and drives the steering short tie rod 9, the steering long turning arm 10, the steering long tie rod 14 and the steering short turning arm 16 to deflect the left wheel hub 11 and the right wheel hub 17 in turn, thereby controlling the wheel deflection, and clamping the steering rocker arm 5 in the middle position through the steering locking cylinder A3 and the steering locking cylinder B7, one left and one right, so that it cannot deflect left and right, that is, the steering is locked. The steering locking cylinder A3 and the steering locking cylinder B7 are both designed to have a large cavity spring to compress the piston to insert the lock pin, and the small cavity is connected to the pressure oil to push the piston to pull out the lock pin.

[0041] The utility model relates to a steering and locking device for a steering drive axle suitable for a rear axle of a high-speed forklift.

Claims

1. A steering and locking device for a high-speed forklift steering drive axle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises a vehicle axle (15), a left wheel hub (11), a right wheel hub (17) and a steering lock assembly, wherein the steering lock assembly is connected to the vehicle axle (15), the left wheel hub (11) and the right wheel hub (17) respectively, the left wheel hub (11) is arranged on one side of the vehicle axle (15), and the right wheel hub (17) is arranged on the other side of the vehicle axle (15); The steering lock assembly comprises a steering cylinder (1), a steering rocker arm (5), a short steering tie rod (9), a long steering crank arm (10), and a rocker arm shaft (12); one end of the steering cylinder (1) is hinged to a support (151) of an axle (15); the other end of the steering cylinder (1) is hinged to the steering rocker arm (5); the steering rocker arm (5) is hinged to the axle (15) via the rocker arm shaft (12); the top of the steering rocker arm (5) is connected to one end of the long steering crank arm (10) via the short steering tie rod (9); and the long steering crank arm (10) is connected to a left wheel hub (11).

2. A steering and locking device for a high-speed forklift steering drive axle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steering lock assembly comprises a steering lock oil cylinder A (3), an oil cylinder vent pipe A (4), an oil cylinder vent pipe B (6) and a steering lock oil cylinder B (7). The large-cavity spring cavity A (31) of the locking oil cylinder A (3) is connected to the oil cylinder vent pipe A (4), and the large-cavity spring cavity B (71) of the steering lock oil cylinder B (7) is connected to the oil cylinder vent pipe B (6).

3. The steering and locking device for a high-speed forklift steering drive axle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hinge hole A (51) is arranged at one end of the steering rocker arm (5), a hinge hole B (52) and a hinge hole C (53) are arranged at the other end of the steering rocker arm (5), a clamping groove A (54) and a clamping groove B (55) are arranged on both sides of the waist of the steering rocker arm (5), the steering rocker arm (5) is hinged to the rocker arm shaft (12) through the hinge hole A (51), the steering rocker arm (5) is hinged to the steering cylinder (1) through the hinge hole B (52), and the steering rocker arm (5) is hinged to the steering short tie rod (9) through the hinge hole C (53).

4. The steering and locking device for a high-speed forklift steering drive axle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steering lock assembly comprises a long steering tie rod (14) and a short steering crank arm (16); one end of the long steering crank arm (10) is connected to one end of the short steering crank arm (16) via the long steering tie rod (14); and the other end of the short steering crank arm (16) is connected to the right wheel hub (17).

5. The steering and locking device for a high-speed forklift steering drive axle as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A position sensor A (2) is provided on the piston position detection port A (32) of the locking oil cylinder A (3), and a position sensor B (8) is provided on the piston position detection port B (72) of the steering locking oil cylinder B (7).

6. The steering and locking device for a high-speed forklift steering drive axle as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: A pin shaft (511) is arranged on the hinge hole A (51), and an angle sensor (13) is axially arranged on the pin shaft (511).

7. The steering and locking device for a high-speed forklift steering drive axle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A notch (56) is provided on the steering rocker arm (5), and the notch (56) is provided between the hinge hole B (52) and the clamping groove A (54), and the corner of the notch (56) is rounded.

8. The steering and locking device for a high-speed forklift steering drive axle as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The slot A (54) and the slot B (55) are both arc-shaped, and the slope of the slot A (54) and the slot B (55) is a taper of 1:8, and the angle is 5-10 degrees.

9. The steering and locking device for a high-speed forklift steering drive axle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The long steering arm (10) is arc-shaped, and one end of the long steering arm (10) passes around a support (151) of the axle (15) and is connected to the left wheel hub (11).

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