Coal mining section supporting structure

Abstract

The utility model provides a coal mining section supporting structure, and belongs to the technical field of coal mining. The current coal mining section is divided into a first roadway section, a transition connection section and a second roadway section according to roadway sections corresponding to the earth surface stability condition; the first roadway section is located on the roadway section corresponding to the first surface protection area, the second roadway section is located on the roadway section corresponding to the second surface protection area, and the transition connection section is located between the first roadway section and the second roadway section and located in a connection area between the first surface protection area and the second surface protection area. The goaf of the first roadway section is supported by solid material backfilling, the goaf of the second roadway section is supported by roof caving, and anchor rods are driven into the empty roof position of the roof in front of the mining working face of the transition connection section and anchor nets are laid. The transition connection section is introduced between the first roadway section and the second roadway section, a three-in-one roadway structure is formed, the double advantages of the filling mining technology and the top cutting roadway retaining technology can be brought into play, and the working face efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of coal mining, and in particular to a coal mining section support structure. Background Art

[0002] Gob-side lane retention refers to setting up a support body along the edge of the goaf behind the working face of the current coal mining section, retaining the transport lane (or other types of lanes) of the current coal mining section, and directly using it as the return air lane or other lanes for the next section, in order to maximize resource recovery while reducing the loss rate of coal. Common gob-side lane retention technologies include: top-cutting and pressure-relieving coal-pillar-free mining technology and filling-side lane retention mining technology. Among them, filling-side lane retention mining technology (hereinafter referred to as: filling mining) generally requires repeated pushing and compacting of solid filling materials, the process is relatively complex, and the working face output efficiency is low; while top-cutting and pressure-relieving coal-pillar-free mining technology (hereinafter referred to as: top-cutting and lane retention technology) uses the action of mine pressure to automatically form lane walls by collapsing the roof of the goaf at the cut seam, successfully solving the problems of high production costs, low production efficiency, and serious waste of resources caused by the mining process of separation of mining and excavation under traditional mining.

[0003] In actual work, the surface stability conditions in some mines are relatively complicated. Some areas have higher surface protection level requirements, while others have lower surface protection level requirements. In order to maintain the stability of areas with higher surface protection level requirements, backfill mining is still required for recovery, resulting in lower working face output efficiency than traditional comprehensive mining working faces.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an improved technical solution to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a coal mining section support structure to solve or alleviate the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a coal mining section support structure, comprising: a current coal mining section and an adjacent coal mining section;

[0008] The current coal mining section is divided into a first tunnel section 10, a transition section 8, and a second tunnel section 9 according to the roadway sections corresponding to the surface stability; the first roadway section 10, the transition section 8, and the second roadway section 9 are provided with gob-side entry on the side close to the adjacent coal mining section; the surface stability divides the surface into a first surface protection zone and a second surface protection zone; the protection level required for the first surface protection zone is higher than the protection level required for the second surface protection zone;

[0009] The first tunnel section 10 is located in the tunnel section corresponding to the first surface protection zone; the second tunnel section 9 is located in the tunnel section corresponding to the second surface protection zone; the transition section 8 is located between the first tunnel section 10 and the second tunnel section 9, and the transition section 8 is located in the junction area between the first surface protection zone and the second surface protection zone;

[0010] The goaf of the first tunnel section 10 is supported by backfilling with solid materials, and the goaf of the second tunnel section 9 is supported by roof collapse;

[0011] Anchor rods are provided at the top empty position of the roof in front of the mining working face of the transition section 8, and an anchor net is laid.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the current coal mining section further includes: a section transport lane 6 and a section return air lane 5;

[0013] The section transport lane 6 and the section return air lane 5 are arranged on both sides of the current coal mining section, and the section transport lane 6 and the section return air lane 5 are arranged parallel to the lane axis.

[0014] In some possible implementations, it further includes: a gangue transport uphill 1 and a coal transport uphill 3 which are perpendicular to the section transport lane 6 and the section return air lane 5; the gangue transport uphill 1 includes a first incision, and the coal transport uphill 3 includes a second incision;

[0015] The section return air lane 5 is located in the coal seam and extends from the first incision position toward the section boundary direction of the current coal mining section until reaching the section boundary;

[0016] The section transport lane 6 is located in the coal seam, and extends from the second incision position toward the section boundary until it reaches the section boundary.

[0017] In some possible implementations, the section boundary of the current coal mining section includes a cutting eye 7, and the cutting eye 7 is vertically arranged with the section transport lane 6 and the section return air lane 5. The cutting eye 7 and the same cross-section of the section transport lane 6 and the section return air lane 5 together constitute a mining working face.

[0018] In some possible implementations, it also includes: a track uphill 2 and a return air inclined lane 4;

[0019] The track uphill 2 includes a third incision, and the return air inclined channel 4 is located in the rock mass and extends from the third incision to the section return air channel 5.

[0020] In some possible implementations, the section return air lane 5 is a lane along the goaf;

[0021] The section return air lane 5 is located between the current coal mining section and the adjacent coal mining section.

[0022] In some possible implementations, in the first tunnel section 10, a tail lift platform is provided in the section transport tunnel 6;

[0023] The section return air lane 5 is provided with solid filling material transportation equipment;

[0024] The solid filling material transportation equipment includes: a machine head lifting platform, a self-moving solid material transfer conveyor and a solid material belt conveyor.

[0025] In some possible implementations, a cutting seam 19 is provided in the tunnel at a position greater than 50 meters from the advanced mining working face in the second tunnel section 9 .

[0026] In some possible implementations, a constant resistance large deformation anchor cable 16 is installed at a position where the advance mining face in the second tunnel section 9 is greater than 100 meters and 50 meters ahead of the cutting seam 19 .

[0027] In some possible implementations, after the second tunnel section 9 is mined, a temporary single support column 17 and a rock-blocking support structure 18 are set in the remaining tunnel.

[0028] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the current coal mining section is divided into a first tunnel section 10, a transition section 8, and a second tunnel section 9 according to the tunnel sections corresponding to the surface stability; the first tunnel section 10 is located in the tunnel section corresponding to the first surface protection zone, the second tunnel section 9 is located in the tunnel section corresponding to the second surface protection zone, the transition section 8 is located between the first tunnel section 10 and the second tunnel section 9, and the transition section 8 is located in the junction area between the first surface protection zone and the second surface protection zone, and anchor rods are driven into the empty top position of the roof in front of the mining working face of the transition section 8 and an anchor net is laid. In this coal mining section, the first surface protection zone requires a higher level of protection, and its corresponding tunnel section (i.e., the first tunnel section 10) is supported by backfilling with solid materials, that is, solid filling mining technology is adopted, so this tunnel section can also be called a solid filling tunnel section; the second surface protection zone requires a lower level of protection, and its corresponding tunnel section (i.e., the second tunnel section 9) is supported by roof collapse, that is, the top cutting tunneling technology is adopted, so this tunnel section can also be called a comprehensive mining top cutting tunneling section, and a transition section 8 is introduced between the first tunnel section 10 and the second tunnel section 9 to form a tunnel structure of solid filling tunneling section-transition section-comprehensive mining top cutting tunneling section, so that relevant personnel can change the support state of the hydraulic support and the roof management method in the transition section 8, and realize the switching and adjustment between the filling mining technology and the top cutting tunneling technology, which is conducive to giving full play to the dual advantages of the filling mining technology and the top cutting tunneling technology, and realizing safe and effective continuous tunneling along the air, while enhancing the formation stability under complex surface stability conditions and improving the output efficiency of the working face. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a coal mining section support structure provided according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a first tunnel section provided according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a second tunnel section provided according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a cross-section of a first tunnel section provided according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0034] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a transition section with lane retention provided according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0035] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a cross-section of a second tunnel section provided according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0036] Description of reference numerals:

[0037] 1-transporting gangue up the mountain, 2-track up the mountain, 3-transporting coal up the mountain, 4-return air inclined lane, 5-section return air lane, 6-section transport lane, 7-cutting eye, 8-transition connection section, 9-second lane section, 10-first lane section, 11-filling hydraulic support, 12-coal mining machine, 13-scraper conveyor, 14-compacting mechanism, 15-multi-hole bottom unloading conveyor; 16-constant resistance large deformation anchor cable; 17-temporary single pillar; 18-gangue support; 19-cutting seam; 20-adjacent coal mining section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The terms "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the drawings are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally includes steps or units that are not listed, or optionally includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0039] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0040] "Multiple" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0041] The embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0042] The present application embodiment provides a coal mining section support structure, such as Figure 1 to Figure 6As shown, the structure includes: a current coal mining section and an adjacent coal mining section 20; the current coal mining section is divided into a first tunnel section 10, a transition section 8, and a second tunnel section 9 according to the roadway sections corresponding to the surface stability; the first roadway section 10, the transition section 8, and the second roadway section 9 are provided with gob-side retaining lanes on the side close to the adjacent coal mining section 20; the surface stability divides the surface into: a first surface protection zone and a second surface protection zone; the protection level required for the first surface protection zone is higher than the protection level required for the second surface protection zone; the first surface protection zone is provided with a first surface protection zone, and the second surface protection zone is provided with a second surface protection zone. The first tunnel section 10 is located in the tunnel section corresponding to the first surface protection zone; the second tunnel section 9 is located in the tunnel section corresponding to the second surface protection zone; the transition section 8 is located between the first tunnel section 10 and the second tunnel section 9, and the transition section 8 is located in the junction area between the first surface protection zone and the second surface protection zone; the goaf of the first tunnel section 10 is supported by backfilling of solid materials, and the goaf of the second tunnel section 9 is supported by roof collapse; anchor rods are provided at the empty top position of the roof in front of the mining working face of the transition section 8, and an anchor net is laid.

[0043] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the current coal mining section is also referred to as the current section, which refers to the section where the mine is conducting mining operations, including the working face, tunnels and auxiliary facilities being mined. The adjacent coal mining section 20 is also referred to as the next section, which refers to the next area where the mine plans to mine after the current section is completed. In other words, the "current section" and the "next section" are mining areas at adjacent positions during the mining process of the mine, and the sections at different positions are divided according to the mining plan, production progress and safety management requirements of the mine. Each section is a relatively independent mining unit in the mine, responsible for the mining of a specific range of ore bodies.

[0044] In this embodiment, the current coal mining section is divided into a plurality of different tunnel sections according to the tunnel sections corresponding to the surface stability. Here, the surface stability refers to whether the surface has caused ground subsidence, ground fissures, collapse, landslide, aquifer damage, etc. in the mining area due to mineral mining activities. The surface stability is usually affected by multiple factors such as geological conditions, mining depth, and mine mining methods.

[0045] In this embodiment, according to the structures attached to the surface and the land use, its stability is divided into different protection levels. Accordingly, the surface area of ​​the mine can be divided into: a first surface protection area and a second surface protection area; the protection level required by the first surface protection area is higher than the protection level required by the second surface protection area. Exemplarily, according to the different structures attached to the surface and the land use, the first surface protection area can be distributed in some surface areas that need to be protected, including: important urban centers, large industrial areas, important traffic arteries (highways, railways), important public facilities (such as hospitals, schools, government buildings), historical and cultural sites, etc., or general residential areas, commercial areas, general industrial areas, general public facilities, etc., in these areas, surface deformation exceeding the control range may cause serious consequences. The second surface protection area can be distributed in surface areas with lower protection level requirements, such as farmland, wasteland, etc., or distributed in uninhabited wasteland, abandoned land, etc., these areas allow a large degree of surface deformation. It can be understood that the specific scope of the first surface protection zone and the second surface protection zone can be delineated using existing topographic maps, land use maps, remote sensing images and other technical data, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0046] Since the first surface protection area requires more stringent control of surface settlement and deformation, traditional coal mining technology usually adopts the principle of height, that is, once it is found that the surface protection level requirements of the current coal mining section are high, high-cost, high-tech protection measures such as backfilling mining are uniformly adopted to ensure that surface stability is not affected. However, this mining method is inefficient and prone to serious waste of resources. On the other hand, for coal mining sections with small gangue output and the need to leave tunnels along the goaf, this mining method is prone to insufficient gangue, which in turn affects the filling effect and may cause safety hazards to the tunnels left along the goaf.

[0047] In view of this, in the technical scheme of this embodiment, the current coal mining section is divided into a first tunnel section 10, a transition section 8, and a second tunnel section 9 according to the tunnel sections corresponding to the surface stability conditions; the first tunnel section 10 is located in the tunnel section corresponding to the first surface protection zone, the second tunnel section 9 is located in the tunnel section corresponding to the second surface protection zone, the transition section 8 is located between the first tunnel section 10 and the second tunnel section 9, and the transition section 8 is located in the junction area between the first surface protection zone and the second surface protection zone (the specific range of the junction area can be determined according to the actual working conditions, for example, it can be the area covered by the boundary between the first surface protection zone and the second surface protection zone as the center line, and the area on both sides of the center line is 15 meters to 25 meters away from the center line). The first tunnel section 10 adopts the filling mining technology, and the second tunnel section 9 adopts the top cutting and lane retaining technology. Anchor rods are provided at the empty top position of the roof in front of the mining working face of the transition section 8, and anchor nets are laid to form a working space. The working space is used to change the support state of the hydraulic support and the roof management method, and then the filling mining technology and the top cutting and lane retaining technology are switched while leaving a lane along the empty space near the next section, that is, the adjacent coal mining section. The coal resources are fully exploited, and safe and effective lanes are left in the case of a small surface protection area, while improving the technical effect of the working face efficiency.

[0048] In some embodiments, the current coal mining section also includes: a section transport lane 6 and a section return air lane 5; the section transport lane 6 and the section return air lane 5 are arranged on both sides of the current coal mining section, and the section transport lane 6 and the section return air lane 5 are arranged parallel to the lane axis.

[0049] The section transport lane 6 refers to the main lane used to transport coal, ore, gangue and other materials during the mining process. This lane is usually connected to the transportation system of the mining area or working face and the main transport lane, main wellhead or coal discharge facilities. The section return air lane 5 is a key component of the mine ventilation system, which is used to guide and discharge the polluted air generated by the mining area or working face to ensure the air quality and safety in the mine.

[0050] In this embodiment, the section transport lane 6 and the section return air lane 5 are arranged on both sides of the current coal mining section. Figure 1 As shown, the section transport lane 6 is located below or to the side of the current coal mining section, and the section return air lane 5 is located above the current coal mining section and arranged in parallel with the section transport lane 6. The two can be connected by a connecting lane (not shown in the figure) to form a complete ventilation circuit. Fresh air flows into the section transport lane 6 through the section return air lane 5 and the working face, while dirty air enters the section return air lane 5 through the working face and is finally discharged from the mine. At the same time, the section transport lane 6 transports coal and other items to a designated location.

[0051] In some optional embodiments, the section transport tunnel 6 is a tunnel retained along the goaf; the section transport tunnel 6 is located between the current coal mining section and the adjacent coal mining section 20 .

[0052] In this embodiment, the reserved lane is set based on the relative position between adjacent coal mining sections. Specifically, the adjacent coal mining section 20, as the next section to be mined, may be located above the current coal mining section or below the current coal mining section. If the adjacent coal mining section is located below the current coal mining section and is adjacent to the section transport lane 6, the section transport lane 6 can be reserved along the lower side of the current coal mining section for continued use by the next section (i.e., the section transport lane 6 is a reserved lane along the air).

[0053] In some embodiments, the coal mining section also includes: a gangue transport uphill 1 and a coal transport uphill 3 which are perpendicular to the section transport lane 6 and the section return air lane 5; the gangue transport uphill 1 is provided with a first incision, and the coal transport uphill 3 is provided with a second incision; the section return air lane 5 is located in the coal seam, and extends from the position of the first incision toward the section boundary of the current coal mining section until it reaches the section boundary; the section transport lane 6 is located in the coal seam, and extends from the position of the second incision toward the section boundary until it reaches the section boundary.

[0054] The uphill road refers to an inclined road extending from a low place to a high place. In this embodiment, according to different functions, the uphill road is further divided into gangue uphill road 1, rail uphill road 2 and coal uphill road 3. Among them, gangue uphill road 1 is a road for transporting gangue (i.e., waste generated during coal mining), coal uphill road 3 is a road for transporting coal, and rail uphill road 2 is used to transport machinery and equipment. Gangue uphill road 1, rail uphill road 2 and coal uphill road 3 are arranged in parallel.

[0055] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 , the gangue transport uphill 1 is vertically arranged with the section return air lane 5, and a first cut is opened at the intersection of the gangue transport uphill 1 and the upper side of the current coal mining section, and the section return air lane 5 extends horizontally from the first cut position to the section boundary of the current coal mining section until it reaches the leftmost section boundary. The coal transport uphill 3 is vertically arranged with the section transport lane 6, and a second cut is opened at the intersection of the coal transport uphill 3 and the upper side of the current coal mining section; the section transport lane 6 extends horizontally from the second cut position to the section boundary of the current coal mining section until it reaches the leftmost section boundary.

[0056] In some embodiments, a cutting eye 7 is opened at the boundary of the current coal mining section, and together with the same cross section where the section transport tunnel 6 and the section return air tunnel 5 are located, a mining working face is formed.

[0057] In this embodiment, at the section boundary of the current coal mining section, the cut-off eye 7 is vertically arranged with the section transport tunnel 6 and the section return air tunnel 5; the same section where the cut-off eye 7, the section transport tunnel 6 and the section return air tunnel 5 are located constitutes the initial mining face. It can be understood that as the mining progresses, the position of the mining face will change along the tunnel axis as the mining progresses. That is to say, at a certain stage of the mining process, the position of the mining face may be located in different tunnel sections, for example, the mining face may be in the first tunnel section 10, or in the second tunnel section 9, or in the transition section 8.

[0058] In some embodiments, the coal mining section further includes: a track uphill 2 and a return air inclined tunnel 4; a third incision is opened on the track uphill 2, and the return air inclined tunnel 4 is located in the rock mass and extends from the third incision to the section return air tunnel 5.

[0059] The return air inclined tunnel 4 is an inclined tunnel used to discharge the dirty air in the mine. Figure 1 As shown, a third incision is opened on the track uphill 2 (the specific position of the incision can be set according to the actual working conditions), the return air inclined lane 4 is located in the rock mass, and extends from the third incision as the starting point towards the section return air lane 5 until it is connected to the section return air lane 5 to realize the discharge of polluted air.

[0060] In this embodiment, in the first tunnel section 10, a tail lifting platform is provided in the section transport lane 6; solid filling material transportation equipment is provided in the section return air lane 5; the solid filling material transportation equipment includes: a head lifting platform, a self-moving solid material transfer conveyor and a solid material belt conveyor.

[0061] Specifically, in the first tunnel section 10, a tail lifting platform is provided in the section transport tunnel 6, and the tail lifting platform is arranged at the tail of the filling hydraulic support 11. The tail part can be smoothly lifted to a specified height by the power provided by the hydraulic system to meet the filling requirements under different working conditions. At the same time, a solid filling material transportation device is provided in the section return air tunnel 5 to transport the solid filling material to a specified position, so as to realize the solid material backfill support in the goaf of the first tunnel section 10.

[0062] Furthermore, the solid filling material transportation equipment may include: a head lifting platform, a self-propelled solid material transfer conveyor and a solid material belt conveyor. Among them, one end of the solid material belt conveyor is connected to other material sources in the mine (such as gangue, waste pile, etc.), and the other end is connected to the self-propelled solid material transfer conveyor. The self-propelled solid material transfer conveyor is located above or to the side of the filling working surface, close to the filling hydraulic support 11, and is used to receive materials from the solid material belt conveyor or the bottom discharge conveyor 15, and then evenly distribute it to different positions of the filling working surface.

[0063] As an example, Figure 2 The cross-sectional structure of the first tunnel section 10 is shown. Figure 2 As shown, the first tunnel section 10 is a solid filling tunnel section, which adopts the filling mining technology. The hydraulic support supports the roof in the filling support state, and solid materials are used to backfill the goaf to manage the roof. In the cross-section of this tunnel section, the compaction mechanism 14 and the multi-hole bottom unloading conveyor 15 are arranged at the rear of the filling hydraulic support 11, close to the goaf. The bottom unloading conveyor 15 is connected to the solid material belt conveyor, which is used to receive materials from the solid material belt conveyor and unload the materials in batches to the self-moving solid material transfer conveyor through multiple unloading holes at its bottom. The compaction mechanism 14 is used to compact and compact the solid filling material during the filling mining process, increase the density of the filling material, and ensure the stability and support capacity of the filling body. A coal mining machine 12 and a scraper conveyor 13 are also provided in front of the filling hydraulic support 11 near the coal wall. The coal mining machine 12 is located in front of the filling hydraulic support 11, and performs coal mining operations along the forward direction of the working face. The generated coal is unloaded onto the scraper conveyor 13 through the coal unloading device of the coal mining machine 12. One end of the scraper conveyor 13 extends to one side of the working face and connects with the section transport lane 6. The scraper conveyor 13 transports the coal from the coal mining working face to the section transport lane 6, and the section transport lane 6 further transports the coal to the main transportation system. Among them, the commonly used mining equipment in the prior art, such as the filling hydraulic support 11, the coal mining machine 12, the scraper conveyor 13, the compacting mechanism 14 and the multi-hole bottom unloading conveyor 15, can be used.

[0064] In some embodiments, a cutting seam 19 is provided in the tunnel at a position greater than 50 meters above the advanced mining working face in the second tunnel section 9 .

[0065] The cutting slits (pre-splitting slits) are a series of artificial cracks formed in the roof rock by drilling and blasting. The pre-splitting slits control the fracture and sinking of the rock strata, reduce the pressure on the tunnels and equipment, and ensure safety and stability.

[0066] As mentioned above, the second tunnel section 9 is a fully mechanized mining section with top cutting and lane retention, that is, it is mined using the top cutting and lane retention technology. In this tunnel section, the hydraulic support is in the ordinary fully mechanized mining support state, and the roof is managed by the caving method. As an example, Figure 3 The cross-sectional structure of the second tunnel section is shown. Figure 3As shown, in this tunnel section, a slit 19 is provided in the roof rock layer on the coal wall side of the mining face along the side wall of the tunnel, and the slit 19 is provided at a position greater than 50 meters in front of the mining face. It can be understood that there are multiple slits 19, and multiple slits 19 are continuously distributed along the side wall of the tunnel. The spacing between two adjacent slits 19 can be determined according to the properties of the roof rock layer and the mining design requirements. For example, for a harder roof, the spacing between the slits can be appropriately increased; for a softer roof, the spacing between the slits needs to be reduced. Exemplarily, the spacing between the slits 19 is 2 to 5 meters. Such a setting is conducive to guiding the rupture of the roof rock layer, causing it to tilt and sink to one side of the tunnel, thereby forming a relatively stable rupture zone in the goaf.

[0067] In this embodiment, a constant resistance large deformation anchor cable 16 is set at a position of 50 meters where the advanced mining working face in the second tunnel section 9 is greater than 100 meters and the advanced cutting seam is 50 meters. The constant resistance large deformation anchor cable 16 is used to reinforce and support the second tunnel section 9, which is conducive to maintaining the integrity and function of the tunnel under large tensile or shear deformation, and ensuring the safety and stability of the gob-side tunnel retention structure.

[0068] Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, the constant resistance large deformation anchor cable 16 is arranged at a position greater than 100 meters above the advanced mining working face and on the roof 50 meters in front of the slit 19, and the main part of the constant resistance large deformation anchor cable 16 penetrates into the roof. It can be understood that there are multiple constant resistance large deformation anchor cables 16 (for example, 2 or more), and multiple constant resistance large deformation anchor cables 16 are arranged side by side to provide support for the roadway roof, so as to achieve the purpose of leaving the roadway along the goaf, reducing the roof pressure, and stabilizing the roadway. Among them, the constant resistance large deformation anchor cable 16 can be the constant resistance anchor cable commonly used in the prior art.

[0069] In some embodiments, after the second tunnel section 9 is mined, temporary single pillars 17 and a rock-blocking support structure 18 are set in the remaining tunnel.

[0070] like Figure 3 As shown, after the second tunnel section 9 is mined, a temporary single pillar 17 can be set inside the tunnel along the goaf, wherein the single pillar 17 can adopt a hydraulic cylinder structure commonly used in tunnel support as a temporary support structure. Optionally, there are multiple (for example, 3) temporary single pillars 17, and multiple temporary single pillars 17 are arranged at intervals in the goaf. The two ends of each temporary single pillar 17 respectively abut the roof and bottom plate of the goaf and are perpendicular to the roof and bottom plate to provide temporary support force for the goaf. At the same time, a gangue retaining support structure 18 is set at a position close to the goaf on the coal wall side, wherein the gangue retaining support structure 18 is a layer of protective wall laid on the coal wall side to prevent rocks or coal gangue (gangue) from flowing into the tunnel from the mining area during mine mining, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the tunnel.

[0071] As an example, the coal mining section support structure provided in this embodiment can be constructed in each tunnel section according to the following steps:

[0072] Step 1: Opening the incision, including:

[0073] An incision is made from the gangue transport uphill 1 (i.e. the first incision), and excavation is carried out in the coal seam from the uphill to the section boundary direction to form a section return air channel 5.

[0074] An incision (i.e., the second incision) is made from the coal transport uphill 3, and excavation is carried out in the coal seam from the uphill to the section boundary direction to form the section transport tunnel 6.

[0075] An incision (i.e. the third incision) is made from the track uphill 2, and an inclined return air tunnel 4 is formed by excavating from the uphill to the section return air tunnel in the rock mass.

[0076] When the section return air tunnel 5 and the section transport tunnel 6 are excavated to the section boundary, a cutting eye 7 is opened to form a mining working face.

[0077] Step 2: construct the first tunnel section 10 (solid filling section reserved tunnel), including:

[0078] In the first tunnel section 10, the hydraulic support supports the roof in a filling support state, the solid material backfilling of the goaf area of ​​the first tunnel section 10 is carried out to manage the roof, and a section transport tunnel 6 is reserved.

[0079] like Figure 2 As shown, in this tunnel section, a tail lifting platform is provided in the section transport tunnel 6, and a solid filling material transportation device is provided in the section return air tunnel 5; the solid filling material transportation device is composed of a head lifting platform, a self-moving solid material transfer conveyor and a solid material belt conveyor. The provided equipment is used to complete the coal mining by the coal mining machine 12, the filling hydraulic support 11 frame moving, the scraper conveyor 13 pushing, the filling and dropping, the compaction mechanism 14 compaction, the pushing of the multi-hole bottom discharge conveyor 15, the reserved tunnel and the closed cycle of the gangue body spraying in one step. The cross-section of the tunnel section is shown in FIG. Figure 4 shown.

[0080] Step 3: construct transition section 8, including:

[0081] In the transition section 8, the filling working face enters the second surface protection area, that is, the protection level required for this surface area is lower, or even no surface protection is required. At this time, anchor rods are driven into the empty top position of the roof in front of the filling hydraulic support 11 for support, and anchor nets are laid to ensure the stability of the roof and form a working space. The working space is used as a space for adjusting equipment to facilitate changes and adjustments to the support and roof management methods. After the mining of the transition section 8 is completed, the support status of the support and the roof management method are changed, and the tail lifting platform in the section transport lane 6 and the solid filling material transportation equipment in the section return air lane 5 are withdrawn. When the working face is advanced to a position of 50 meters away from the transition section 8, a cutting seam 19 is set up beside the second tunnel section 9 (comprehensive mining top cutting and retaining tunnel section), and pre-cracking cutting is performed, and the overburden of the goaf is managed by the caving method. The tunnel section diagram of the second tunnel section 9 is shown in the figure below. Figure 5 shown.

[0082] Step 3: Construction of the second tunnel section 9 (fully-mechanized mining and top cutting tunnel section), including:

[0083] In the second tunnel section 9, the hydraulic support support is converted into ordinary comprehensive mining support state, the roof is managed by the caving method, and the pre-splitting and cutting blasting is always carried out more than 50 meters ahead of the working face.

[0084] like Figure 3 As shown, in the second tunnel section 9, the advance working face is greater than 100 meters, and the advance pre-splitting cutting 19 project 50 positions, the constant resistance large deformation anchor cable 16 reinforcement support construction is carried out, and the blasting cutting 19 is carried out at the position where the advance working face is greater than 50m. After the mining and retaining of the lane, temporary single pillars 17 and blocking and blocking support structures 18 are added to protect the lane, and the goaf on the side of the retained lane is sealed by spraying.

[0085] Step 4: As the working face advances, different gob-side tunneling techniques are used in different tunnel sections, and the above steps are repeated until the working face is mined and the tunnels are complete. The final tunnel cross-section diagram is as follows: Figure 6 shown.

[0086] To sum up, the coal mining section support structure provided in this embodiment introduces a transition section 8 between the first tunnel section 10 and the second tunnel section 9 to form a three-in-one goaf-retaining structure of solid filling goaf-transition section-comprehensive mining and top cutting goaf-retaining section, thereby realizing all-goaf-retaining goaf-free mining, solving the serious resource waste problem caused by traditional coal pillar mining technology. At the same time, the structure lays the foundation for realizing the technology of mixed goaf-retaining of solid filling goaf-retaining and goaf-retaining of top cutting and pressure relief in the same coal mining working face.

[0087] At the same time, in response to the problem of uneven distribution of surface stability in the coal mining area, the entire tunnel is divided into different tunnel sections according to the surface stability. Fixed filling and tunnel retention technology is adopted in the first tunnel section 10 with higher surface protection requirements, and comprehensive mining and top cutting and tunnel retention technology is adopted in the second tunnel section 9 with lower surface protection requirements. A transition section 8 is set between the first tunnel section 10 and the second tunnel section 9 to form a three-in-one continuous tunnel retention structure of solid filling tunnel retention section-transition section-comprehensive mining and top cutting and tunnel retention section. The conversion of goaf-side tunnel retention technology in different tunnel sections is realized in the transition section 8, and the dual advantages of filling mining technology and top cutting and tunnel retention technology are fully utilized. The safe operation of ground buildings, roads, railways and other facilities is protected by filling mining technology, and effective protection of local surface is achieved. The efficiency of working face output is improved by top cutting and tunnel retention technology, and the roadway roof condition is improved to achieve safe, green and efficient mining.

[0088] In the solid filling comprehensive mining section, solid waste is backfilled into the goaf to achieve tunnel retention, reduce environmental pollution, and protect the corresponding surface. In the top cutting and goaf retention section, no filling is required to achieve goaf retention, which not only saves coal mining time, but also enables efficient coal mining, and at the same time improves the unit output and unit efficiency of the working face. It has simple technology, low cost, easy operation, good effect, and has wide practicability in this technical field.

[0089] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A coal mining section support structure, characterized in that: include: The current coal mining section and adjacent coal mining sections; The current coal mining section is divided into a first tunnel section (10), a transition section (8), and a second tunnel section (9) according to the tunnel sections corresponding to the surface stability; the first tunnel section (10), the transition section (8), and the second tunnel section (9) are provided with gob-side entry on the side close to the adjacent coal mining section; the surface stability divides the surface into a first surface protection zone and a second surface protection zone; the protection level required for the first surface protection zone is higher than the protection level required for the second surface protection zone; The first tunnel section (10) is located in the tunnel section corresponding to the first surface protection zone; the second tunnel section (9) is located in the tunnel section corresponding to the second surface protection zone; the transition section (8) is located between the first tunnel section (10) and the second tunnel section (9), and the transition section (8) is located in the junction area between the first surface protection zone and the second surface protection zone; The goaf of the first tunnel section (10) is supported by backfilling with solid materials, and the goaf of the second tunnel section (9) is supported by roof collapse; Anchor rods are provided at the top empty position of the roof in front of the mining working face of the transition section (8), and an anchor net is laid.

2. The coal mining section support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current coal mining section further comprises: a section transport lane (6) and a section return air lane (5); The section transport lane (6) and the section return air lane (5) are arranged on both sides of the current coal mining section, and the section transport lane (6) and the section return air lane (5) are arranged parallel to the lane axis.

3. The coal mining section support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: A gangue transport uphill (1) and a coal transport uphill (3) perpendicular to the section transport lane (6) and the section return air lane (5); the gangue transport uphill (1) comprises a first cutout, and the coal transport uphill (3) comprises a second cutout; The section return air lane (5) is located in the coal seam and extends from the first incision position toward the section boundary of the current coal mining section until it reaches the section boundary; The section transport tunnel (6) is located in the coal seam and extends from the second incision position toward the section boundary of the current coal mining section until it reaches the section boundary.

4. The coal mining section support structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The section boundary of the current coal mining section includes a cutting eye (7), and the cutting eye (7) is vertically arranged with the section transport lane (6) and the section return air lane (5); the same cross section where the cutting eye (7) and the section transport lane (6) and the section return air lane (5) are located together constitutes a mining working face.

5. The coal mining section support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: Track uphill (2) and return air inclined lane (4); The track uphill (2) comprises a third incision, and the return air inclined channel (4) is located in the rock mass and extends from the third incision to the section return air channel (5).

6. The coal mining section support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The section transport lane (6) is a gob-side lane. The section transport tunnel (6) is located between the current coal mining section and the adjacent coal mining section.

7. The coal mining section support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the first tunnel section (10), a tail lift platform is provided in the section transport tunnel (6); The section return air lane (5) is provided with solid filling material transportation equipment; The solid filling material transportation equipment includes: a machine head lifting platform, a self-moving solid material transfer conveyor and a solid material belt conveyor.

8. The coal mining section support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cutting seam (19) is provided in the tunnel at a position greater than 50 meters from the advanced mining working face in the second tunnel section (9).

9. The coal mining section support structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: A constant resistance large deformation anchor cable (16) is arranged at a position where the advance mining working face in the second tunnel section (9) is greater than 100 meters and 50 meters ahead of the cutting seam (19).

10. The coal mining section support structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the second tunnel section (9) is mined, temporary single pillars (17) and a rock-blocking support structure (18) are arranged in the remaining tunnel.

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