Side slope stepped blasting structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of blast hole structures, in particular to a slope stepped blast structure which comprises a plurality of step layers, each step layer comprises an excavation boundary line, a row of pre-splitting holes are formed in the excavation boundary line, a plurality of buffer holes are formed in the sides, away from the excavation boundary line, of the pre-splitting holes, and the buffer holes are communicated with the excavation boundary line. The buffer hole and the pre-splitting hole are arranged in parallel, a main blast hole is formed in the side, away from the pre-splitting hole, of the buffer hole, the main blast hole is vertically formed in the step and comprises a first blast hole, the first blast hole is close to the buffer hole, the bottom of the first blast hole is located above the arrangement path of the buffer hole, and the main blast hole comprises a second blast hole; the bottom of the second blast hole is flush with the bottom of the step, the second blast hole is located in the side, away from the buffering hole, of the first blast hole, and a multi-layer blasting structure is formed through the pre-splitting hole, the buffering hole and the main blast hole, so that the structure is safe and controllable during blasting, and the stability of slope blasting is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of blasting hole structures, in particular to a slope stepped blasting structure. Background Art

[0002] When constructing the mountain half slope in the erosional hilly area, the geological conditions encountered are complex and changeable. Specifically, the upper part of the slope is Quaternary Holocene alluvial silty clay and gravel soil, while the lower bedrock is Cambrian Middle Series Zhangxia Formation shale and limestone. This geological condition leads to multiple challenges during the construction process, especially in ensuring slope stability and construction safety.

[0003] First, the silty clay and gravel soil on the upper part of the slope have poor adhesion and stability, and are prone to sliding or collapse under external forces. Secondly, although the lower bedrock is relatively hard, due to its complex composition (shale and limestone), it may also cause stability problems during construction. In particular, there are a large number of limestone deposits on one side of the mountain, which further increases the difficulty of construction.

[0004] Under such geological conditions, blasting is a common technical method for slope construction. However, traditional blasting methods have significant shortcomings. The impact force generated by traditional blasting is large, which can easily cause the slope to loosen, thereby reducing the overall stability of the slope after blasting. In addition, the strong blasting impact force will also have an adverse effect on residential buildings around the mountain, which may cause vibration or even damage to the buildings. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model aims to overcome the problem in the prior art that the impact force generated by traditional blasting in hilly areas is large, which easily leads to loosening of the slope and reduces the overall stability of the slope after blasting, and provides a slope stepped blasting structure.

[0006] In a first aspect, the utility model provides a slope stepped blasting structure, which includes a plurality of step layers, each step layer includes an excavation boundary line, a row of pre-crack holes is arranged on the excavation boundary line, a plurality of buffer holes are arranged on the side of the pre-crack holes away from the excavation boundary line, the buffer holes and the pre-crack holes are arranged parallel to each other, a main gun hole is arranged on the side of the buffer hole away from the pre-crack holes, the main gun hole is vertically arranged in the step, the main gun hole includes a first gun hole, the first gun hole is arranged close to the buffer hole, the bottom of the first gun hole is located above the buffer hole, the main gun hole includes a second gun hole, the bottom of the second gun hole is flush with the bottom of the step, and the second gun hole is located on the side of the first gun hole away from the buffer hole.

[0007] The utility model is a stepped blasting structure for a slope. By arranging a plurality of steps on the slope, the blasting structure can be blasted layer by layer, and a pre-splitting hole is arranged at the excavation boundary line of each step, and a buffer hole and a main blasting hole are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside along the step. A multi-layered blasting structure is formed by the pre-splitting holes, the buffer holes and the main blasting holes, so that the structure is safe and controllable during blasting. Firstly, the pre-splitting holes are arranged on the excavation boundary line, so that the rock mass can be pre-splitting in advance in the subsequent blasting, which reduces the energy concentration during blasting, thereby reducing the impact of blasting on the entire slope. A main gun hole is also vertically arranged in the step, and the main gun hole is divided into a first gun hole and a second gun hole. By setting the depths of the first gun hole and the second gun hole respectively, while avoiding position conflicts between the gun hole and the pre-crack hole, the charge amount of each gun hole can be effectively controlled to ensure the stability of the slope after subsequent blasting. A buffer hole is also arranged between the main gun hole and the pre-crack hole. The buffer hole can effectively absorb the impact force generated by the pre-crack hole and the main gun hole during blasting, reduce the vibration generated by the blasting, ensure the stability of the slope after blasting, and reduce the impact of the blasting on the surrounding environment and buildings.

[0008] Preferably, the structure is connected with an initiating device, the initiating device is connected in series with several of the pre-crack holes, a first delay device is provided between the initiating device and the pre-crack holes, the initiating device is connected in series with several of the buffer holes, a fourth delay device is provided between the buffer holes and the initiating device, the first blast hole is connected in series with the initiating device, a third delay device is provided between the first blast hole and the initiating device, the second blast hole is connected in series with the initiating device, a second delay device is provided between the second blast hole and the initiating device, the response time of the first delay device is earlier than that of the second delay device, the response time of the second delay device is earlier than that of the third delay device, and the response time of the third delay device is earlier than that of the fourth delay device.

[0009] The detonating device is connected in series with each hole through each delay device, which can control the blasting time in stages and optimize the energy release brought by the blasting. The pre-crack hole is blasted first through the first delay device to form a pre-crack. The energy release of the blasting is reduced by the pre-crack. Subsequently, the second outermost blast hole is detonated through the second delay device, and then the first blast hole is detonated through the third delay device. When the main blast hole is detonated, the buffer hole is detonated through the fourth delay device. Through such optimization of staged detonation, energy can be released in stages during blasting to avoid excessive concentration. At the same time, the impact of blasting on the slope is reduced, and the uniformity of the blasting effect is improved.

[0010] Preferably, the pre-splitting hole comprises a first pre-splitting hole charging section, a second pre-splitting hole charging section is provided at the bottom of the first pre-splitting hole charging section, and a third pre-splitting hole charging section is provided at one end of the second pre-splitting hole charging section away from the first pre-splitting hole charging section, the length of the first pre-splitting hole charging section is 0.3 times the total length of the pre-splitting hole, the length of the second pre-splitting hole charging section is 0.5 times the total length of the pre-splitting hole, and the length of the third pre-splitting hole charging section is 0.2 times the total length of the pre-splitting hole.

[0011] The pre-splitting hole is divided into the first pre-splitting hole charging section, the second pre-splitting hole charging section and the third pre-splitting hole charging section for segmented charging, and the lengths of the three charging sections are divided so that the cracks formed by charging sections of different lengths during the blasting process will interact with each other, so that the rock mass maintains good structural stability after blasting. This design helps to reduce the loosening and potential sliding risks of the rock mass and ensure the stability of the slope.

[0012] Preferably, the first pre-splitting hole charge section comprises a first plugging object, a first explosive is arranged at one end of the first plugging object away from the hole opening, the second pre-splitting hole charge section comprises a second explosive, and a third explosive is arranged in the third pre-splitting hole charge section.

[0013] This design can precisely control the blasting process, optimize crack formation, improve slope stability, and reduce vibration and noise. This configuration effectively improves the overall blasting effect and safety.

[0014] Preferably, the total amount of the first explosive is 0.5 times the total amount of the second explosive, and the total amount of the third explosive is 3 times the total amount of the second explosive.

[0015] This arrangement controls the gradual release of energy during the blasting process. The smaller amount of the first explosive makes the initial blasting process more controllable, avoiding excessive concentration of energy in the initial stage, thereby reducing the sudden impact on the slope. The moderate amount of the second explosive ensures further expansion of the crack, while the large amount of the third explosive provides sufficient blasting force in the final stage to achieve thorough crack formation and rock treatment. This distribution helps to gradually release energy and optimize the blasting effect.

[0016] Preferably, the pre-crack hole adopts an uncoupled charge structure, and the uncoupled coefficient of the pre-crack hole is 2.8.

[0017] The use of an uncoupled charging structure can optimize the utilization of blasting energy, enhance the formation of pre-splitting cracks, reduce the impact on the slope, and improve construction safety.

[0018] Preferably, the buffer hole includes a first buffer hole charging section, a second buffer hole charging section is provided at the lower end of the first buffer hole charging section, the first buffer hole charging section includes a first buffer hole plugging object, a first buffer hole explosive is provided at the end of the first buffer hole plugging object away from the hole mouth, the second buffer hole charging section includes a second buffer hole plugging object, one end of the second buffer hole plugging object is connected to the first buffer hole explosive, and the other end is provided with a second buffer hole explosive.

[0019] By setting up multiple buffer sections and plugging objects, the impact force during the blasting process can be better controlled and dispersed. The connection between the first buffer hole detonator and the second buffer hole plugging object ensures that the blasting energy is effectively transferred and released between the two charging sections, making the buffering effect more uniform.

[0020] Preferably, the total amount of explosives in the first buffer hole is 0.4 times the total amount of explosives in the buffer holes, and the total amount of explosives in the second buffer hole is 0.6 times the total amount of explosives in the buffer holes.

[0021] The distribution of explosives in the buffer hole can effectively control the release of energy, reduce energy concentration, and thus reduce the vibration intensity and impact force generated by the blast. The smaller amount of explosives in the initial stage reduces the initial vibration, while the larger amount of explosives in the subsequent stage can more effectively absorb and disperse the energy generated by the blast, reducing the impact on the slope and the surrounding environment.

[0022] Preferably, the buffer holes use spaced coupled charges.

[0023] The use of an interval coupled charging structure can optimize the distribution of blasting energy, improve the ability to absorb impact force, reduce vibration and noise, and enhance the safety of the blasting process.

[0024] Preferably, the main gun hole adopts a coupled continuous charging structure.

[0025] The continuous charging structure avoids the gaps between charging sections, allowing the energy generated by blasting to act continuously on the rock mass along the entire aperture. This design helps to form more uniform and consistent cracks, effectively avoiding uneven expansion and sudden occurrences of cracks, thereby improving the stability of the slope and the treatment effect.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The utility model is a stepped blasting structure for a slope. By arranging a plurality of steps on the slope, the blasting structure can be blasted layer by layer, and a pre-splitting hole is arranged at the excavation boundary line of each step, and a buffer hole and a main blasting hole are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside along the step. A multi-layered blasting structure is formed by the pre-splitting holes, the buffer holes and the main blasting holes, so that the structure is safe and controllable during blasting. First, the pre-splitting holes are arranged on the excavation boundary line, so that the rock mass can be pre-splitting in the subsequent blasting, which reduces the energy concentration during blasting, thereby reducing the impact of blasting on the entire slope. A main gun hole is also vertically arranged in the step, and the main gun hole is divided into a first gun hole and a second gun hole. By setting the depths of the first gun hole and the second gun hole respectively, while avoiding position conflicts between the gun hole and the pre-crack hole, the charge amount of each gun hole can be effectively controlled to ensure the stability of the slope after subsequent blasting. A buffer hole is also arranged between the main gun hole and the pre-crack hole. The buffer hole can effectively absorb the impact force generated by the pre-crack hole and the main gun hole during blasting, reduce the vibration generated by the blasting, ensure the stability of the slope after blasting, and reduce the impact of the blasting on the surrounding environment and buildings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the slope of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the hole arrangement of the blasting structure of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-splitting hole structure of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer hole structure of the utility model;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the blasting structure and the detonating device of the utility model.

[0033] Markings in the figure: 1-excavation boundary line; 2-pre-crack hole; 21-first pre-crack hole charging section; 211-first plugging object; 212-first explosive; 22-second pre-crack hole charging section; 221-second explosive; 23-third pre-crack hole charging section; 231-third explosive; 3-buffer hole; 31-first buffer hole charging section; 311-first buffer hole plugging object; 312-first buffer hole explosive; 32-second buffer hole charging section; 321-second buffer hole plugging object; 322-second buffer hole explosive; 4-main gun hole; 41-first gun hole; 42-second gun hole; 5-detonating device; 51-first delay device; 52-second delay device; 53-third delay device; 54-fourth delay device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, this should not be understood as the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention being limited to the following embodiments, and all technologies realized based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0035] In the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the terms indicating the orientation or position relationship such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "center", "inside", "outside", etc. are all expressions based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or position relationship when the product / equipment / device of the utility model is usually used. These terms of orientation or position relationship are only for the convenience of describing the scheme of the utility model or simplifying the description in the specific embodiments, so that technicians can quickly understand the scheme, rather than indicating or implying that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific position relationship, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0036] In addition, if the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel" and the like appear, it does not mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are required to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or overhanging or parallel, but may be slightly tilted or have deviations. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but may be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are set in directions such as "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel", etc., and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably an error / deviation within ±8%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±6%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±5%, and more preferably an error / deviation within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its role in the solution of the utility model.

[0037] In addition, the expressions “first”, “second”, “third”, etc., which appear in the terms, are merely used to distinguish the description of the same or similar components and should not be understood as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0038] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "multiple" and "a number" represent at least 2. It can be any number such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and even more than 9.

[0039] In addition, in the description of the technical solution of the utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified / defined / restricted, the terms "set", "install", "connect", "connected", "provided with", "laid", and "arranged" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, and can be welding, riveting, bolting, threading, and other commonly used connection means in the field. This connection can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a stepped blasting structure for a slope includes a plurality of step layers, each step layer includes an excavation boundary line 1, a pre-splitting hole 2 is arranged on the excavation boundary line 1, and the opening direction of the pre-splitting hole 2 is parallel to the setting direction of the excavation boundary line 1. By arranging the pre-splitting hole 2 on the excavation boundary line 1, the rock mass of the slope can be pre-splitting during blasting, thereby reducing the energy concentration during blasting, thereby reducing the impact of blasting on the slope;

[0042] A buffer hole 3 is provided at one end of the pre-splitting hole 2 far from the excavation boundary line 1, and the setting direction of the buffer hole 3 is parallel to the setting direction of the pre-splitting hole 2, and a plurality of main gun holes 4 are vertically provided on the step, and the main gun holes 4 are located on the side of the buffer hole 3 far from the pre-splitting hole 2. By arranging the buffer hole 3, the pre-splitting hole 2 and the main gun holes 4 on the slope, a multi-layered blasting structure is formed, which ensures that the structure can effectively absorb the impact force brought by the blasting during the blasting process and improves the stability of the slope;

[0043] Furthermore, the main gun hole 4 includes a first gun hole 41 and a second gun hole 42. The first gun hole 41 is arranged close to the buffer hole 3, and the second gun hole 42 is arranged away from the buffer hole 3. The bottom of the first gun hole 41 is located at the upper end of the setting path of the buffer hole 3, and the bottom of the second gun hole 42 is in contact with the bottom of the step. Such a setting can avoid position conflicts between the gun holes and at the same time control the amount of charge in each gun hole, thereby avoiding damage to the buffer hole 3 during subsequent blasting of the main gun hole 4, resulting in failure of subsequent blasting of the buffer hole 3.

[0044] In one or more embodiments, the blasting structure further includes an initiating device 5, which is connected in series with the pre-splitting hole 2, the buffer hole 3 and the main gun hole 4 respectively;

[0045] Furthermore, the pre-splitting holes 2 are connected in series to form a group, and finally connected to the detonating device 5. A first delay device 51 is provided between the detonating device 5 and the pre-splitting holes 2. The first delay device 51 enables the operator to effectively control the response time of the blasting of the pre-splitting holes 2.

[0046] Furthermore, the buffer holes 3 are connected in series to form a group, and then connected to the detonator 5, and a fourth delay device 54 is provided between the detonator 5 and the pre-splitting hole 2, through which the operator can effectively control the response time of the blasting of the buffer hole 3;

[0047] Further, the main gun hole 4 is divided into a first gun hole 41 and a second gun hole 42, and a plurality of first gun holes 41 are connected in series to form a group and connected to the detonating device 5, a third delay device 53 is provided between the first gun holes 41 and the detonating device 5, a plurality of second gun holes 42 are connected in series to form a group and connected to the detonating device 5, a second delay device 52 is provided between the second gun holes 42 and the detonating device 5;

[0048] By setting the first delay device 51, the second delay device 52, the third delay device 53 and the fourth delay device 54, the blasting structure can achieve a gradual blasting effect during mechanical energy blasting, thereby reducing the impact caused by the blasting. Figure 5 shown.

[0049] In one or more embodiments, the first delay device 51 responds earlier than the second delay device 52, the second delay device 52 responds earlier than the third delay device 53, and the third delay device 53 responds earlier than the fourth delay device 54. In this way, the blasting response time between each hole can be spaced by each delay device, thereby optimizing the blasting process and reducing the impact force caused by the blasting. Figure 5 shown.

[0050] In one or more embodiments, a delay device is provided between two adjacent buffer holes 3, and the delay device can ensure that there is a time interval between the adjacent buffer holes 3 when the buffer holes 3 are blasted, so that the blasting of the two holes does not occur at the same time, but is carried out in a set time sequence. This control can gradually release energy, thereby avoiding instantaneous concentration of energy during the blasting process and improving the overall blasting effect. A delay device is provided between two adjacent first blast holes 41 and two adjacent second blast holes 42 to achieve the same effect;

[0051] Furthermore, the delay device setting time between adjacent holes is preferably MS3, such as Figure 5 shown.

[0052] In one or more embodiments, the pre-splitting hole 2 is divided into a first pre-splitting hole charging section 21, and one end of the first pre-splitting hole charging section 21 is arranged close to the hole mouth, and the other end is connected to the second pre-splitting hole charging section 22, one end of the second pre-splitting hole charging section 22 is connected to the first pre-splitting hole charging section 21, and the other end is connected to the third pre-splitting hole charging section 23, and the total length of the first pre-splitting hole charging section 21 is longer than the total length of the third pre-splitting hole charging section 23, and the total length of the second pre-splitting hole charging section 22 is longer than the total length of the first pre-splitting hole charging section 21;

[0053] Optionally, the ratio of the length of the first pre-splitting hole charging section 21 to the total length of the pre-splitting hole 2 is 0.3:1, the ratio of the length of the second pre-splitting hole charging section 22 to the total length of the pre-splitting hole 2 is 0.5:1, and the ratio of the length of the third pre-splitting hole charging section 23 to the total length of the pre-splitting hole 2 is 0.2:1. Figure 3 shown.

[0054] In one or more embodiments, the first pre-splitting hole charge section 21 includes a first plugging object 211, a first explosive 212 is provided at one end of the first plugging object 211 away from the hole, the second pre-splitting hole charge section 22 includes a second explosive 221, and the third pre-splitting hole charge section 23 is provided with a third explosive 231. This design can accurately control the blasting process, optimize crack formation, improve slope stability, and reduce vibration and noise. This configuration effectively improves the overall blasting effect and safety;

[0055] Furthermore, the total amount of the first explosive 212 is 0.5 times the total amount of the second explosive 221, and the total amount of the third explosive 231 is 3 times the total amount of the second explosive 221. In this way, the total amount of explosives in the pre-splitting hole 2 can be distributed incrementally, which helps to gradually release energy and optimize the blasting effect. Figure 3 shown.

[0056] Optionally, the pre-splitting hole 2 adopts an uncoupled charge structure, and the uncoupled coefficient of the pre-splitting hole 2 is 2.8.

[0057] In one or more embodiments, the buffer hole 3 adopts spaced coupled charge, and the buffer hole 3 is divided into a first buffer hole charge section 31 and a second buffer hole charge section 32, and one end of the first buffer hole charge section 31 is arranged close to the hole mouth, and the other end is connected to the second buffer hole charge section 32;

[0058] Furthermore, a first buffer hole plugging object 311 is provided in the first buffer hole charging section 31, and a first buffer hole explosive 312 is provided at one end of the first buffer hole plugging object 311 away from the hole mouth, and the second buffer hole charging section 32 includes a second buffer hole plugging object 321, one end of the second buffer hole plugging object 321 is connected to the first buffer hole explosive 312, and the other end is connected to the second buffer hole explosive 322. Such an arrangement can ensure that when the buffer hole 3 is blasted, multiple plugging objects act as buffer sections, which can better control the impact force during the blasting process, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0059] In one or more embodiments, the total amount of explosives 312 in the first buffer hole is 0.4 times the total amount of explosives in the buffer hole 3, and the total amount of explosives 322 in the second buffer hole is 0.6 times the total amount of explosives in the buffer hole 3. Since the distribution of explosives in the buffer hole 3 can effectively control the release of energy, the energy concentration is reduced, thereby reducing the vibration intensity and impact force generated by the blasting. The initial small amount of explosives reduces the initial vibration, while the subsequent large amount of explosives can more effectively absorb and disperse the energy generated by the blasting, reducing the impact on the slope and the surrounding environment. Figure 4 shown.

[0060] In one or several embodiments, the main gun hole 4 of the blasting structure adopts coupled continuous charging.

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slope stepped blasting structure, comprising a plurality of step layers, characterized in that: Each step layer comprises an excavation boundary line (1), a row of pre-splitting holes (2) is arranged on the excavation boundary line (1), a plurality of buffer holes (3) are arranged on the side of the pre-splitting holes (2) away from the excavation boundary line (1), the buffer holes (3) and the pre-splitting holes (2) are arranged parallel to each other, a main gun hole (4) is arranged on the side of the buffer hole (3) away from the pre-splitting holes (2), the main gun hole (4) is vertically arranged in the step, the main gun hole (4) comprises a first gun hole (41), the first gun hole (41) is arranged close to the buffer hole (3), the bottom of the first gun hole (41) is located above the buffer hole (3), the main gun hole (4) further comprises a second gun hole (42), the bottom of the second gun hole (42) is flush with the bottom of the step, and the second gun hole (42) is located on the side of the first gun hole (41) away from the buffer hole (3).

2. A slope stepped blasting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure is connected with an initiating device (5), the initiating device (5) is connected in series with a plurality of the pre-splitting holes (2), a first delay device (51) is provided between the initiating device (5) and the pre-splitting holes (2), the initiating device (5) is connected in series with a plurality of the buffer holes (3), a fourth delay device (54) is provided between the buffer holes (3) and the initiating device (5), the first blast hole (41) is connected in series with the initiating device (5), the first blast hole (41) is connected in series with the initiating device (5), and the first blast hole (41) is connected to the initiating device (5). (5), a third delay device (53) is provided between the second blast hole (42) and the detonating device (5), the second blast hole (42) is connected in series with the detonating device (5), a second delay device (52) is provided between the second blast hole (42) and the detonating device (5), the first delay device (51) responds earlier than the second delay device (52), the second delay device (52) responds earlier than the third delay device (53), and the third delay device (53) responds earlier than the fourth delay device (54).

3. A slope stepped blasting structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pre-crack hole (2) comprises a first pre-crack hole charging section (21), a second pre-crack hole charging section (22) is arranged at the bottom of the first pre-crack hole charging section (21), and a third pre-crack hole charging section (23) is arranged at one end of the second pre-crack hole charging section (22) away from the first pre-crack hole charging section (21), the length of the first pre-crack hole charging section (21) is 0.3 times the total length of the pre-crack hole (2), the length of the second pre-crack hole charging section (22) is 0.5 times the total length of the pre-crack hole (2), and the length of the third pre-crack hole charging section (23) is 0.2 times the total length of the pre-crack hole (2).

4. A slope stepped blasting structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first pre-splitting hole charge section (21) comprises a first plugging object (211), a first explosive (212) being arranged at one end of the first plugging object (211) away from the hole opening, the second pre-splitting hole charge section (22) comprises a second explosive (221), and a third explosive (231) is arranged in the third pre-splitting hole charge section (23).

5. A slope stepped blasting structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The total amount of the first explosive (212) is 0.5 times the total amount of the second explosive (221), and the total amount of the third explosive (231) is 3 times the total amount of the second explosive (221).

6. A slope stepped blasting structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The pre-crack hole (2) adopts an uncoupled charge structure, and the uncoupled coefficient of the pre-crack hole (2) is 2.

8.

7. The slope stepped blasting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer hole (3) comprises a first buffer hole charging section (31), a second buffer hole charging section (32) is provided at the lower end of the first buffer hole charging section (31), the first buffer hole charging section (31) comprises a first buffer hole plugging object (311), a first buffer hole detonator (312) is provided at one end of the first buffer hole plugging object (311) away from the hole opening, the second buffer hole charging section (32) comprises a second buffer hole plugging object (321), one end of the second buffer hole plugging object (321) is connected to the first buffer hole detonator (312), and the other end is provided with a second buffer hole detonator (322).

8. The slope stepped blasting structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The total amount of the explosive (312) in the first buffer hole is 0.4 times the total amount of the explosive in the buffer hole (3), and the total amount of the explosive (322) in the second buffer hole is 0.6 times the total amount of the explosive in the buffer hole (3).

9. A slope stepped blasting structure according to any one of claims 7-8, characterized in that: The buffer hole (3) adopts spaced coupled charging.

10. The slope stepped blasting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main gun hole (4) adopts a coupled continuous charging structure.

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