Sectional type synchronous conveying and profiling device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a sectional type synchronous conveying and profiling device, which belongs to the field of profiling processing equipment and comprises a lower die component, an upper die component and a conveying component, the lower die component comprises a lower die plate mounted on a base, and the upper die component comprises an upper die plate and a driving oil cylinder for driving the upper die plate to lift. The conveying assembly comprises a feeding conveying rail, a lifting rail and a discharging conveying rail, the lifting rail corresponds to a profiling station formed between the upper die plate and the lower die plate, and a limiting mechanism used for limiting movement of the carrier is arranged at the butt joint position of the discharging conveying rail and the lifting rail. A rail supporting base is fixedly connected to the side, back on to the profiling station, of the lifting rail, the lower end of the rail supporting base is connected with a lower jacking air cylinder used for driving the lifting rail to ascend and descend, and a jacking column used for supporting and limiting the rail supporting base is arranged below the rail supporting base. According to the utility model, the collaborative operation of continuous conveying and accurate profiling of materials is realized, the structure is simple, and the production efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of profile processing equipment, in particular to a segmented synchronous conveying profile device. Background Art

[0002] In the field of agricultural product processing, materials sometimes need to be pressed. Traditional pressing processes mostly use a stacked extrusion method of seed pressing cylinders, which has the problem of uneven force on the materials and poor pressing effect, which can easily lead to material damage and affect the yield rate. To solve this problem, the prior art proposes to use a conveyor belt in conjunction with an extrusion mechanism for continuous pressing, but this design has the defects of disordered material arrangement and uncontrollable extrusion pressure, resulting in poor product consistency and high equipment maintenance costs.

[0003] With the development of automation technology, profiling equipment using mold positioning has emerged. For example, materials are arranged in order by using suction cup components and mold cavities, or materials are automatically loaded in order by using a material tray. This solution requires the addition of additional equipment, resulting in a longer production cycle and making it difficult to meet the needs of high-speed continuous production.

[0004] Existing profiling devices generally have the contradiction of complex equipment structure and difficulty in balancing production efficiency and product quality. The traditional stacking profiling method is inefficient and has a low yield rate. Although automated equipment has improved profiling accuracy, the complex mechanical structure and multi-module collaborative control increase equipment costs and maintenance difficulties. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a new profiling device with a simple structure, uniform profiling, and adaptability to continuous production. Utility Model Content

[0005] In response to the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present application proposes a segmented synchronous conveying and profiling device, which realizes the coordinated operation of continuous material conveying and precise profiling by integrating the conveying and profiling functions, effectively solving the problems of complex equipment structure and low production efficiency in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows: a segmented synchronous conveying and pressing device, comprising a lower die assembly and an upper die assembly arranged relatively to each other in a vertical direction, and a conveying assembly arranged between the lower die assembly and the upper die assembly, wherein the lower die assembly comprises a base and a lower die plate fixedly mounted on the base, wherein the upper surface of the lower die plate constitutes a lower supporting surface for pressing the material, and the upper die assembly comprises an upper die plate corresponding to the lower die plate and a driving oil cylinder for driving the upper die plate to rise and fall;

[0007] The conveying assembly comprises a feed conveying track, a liftable track, and a discharge conveying track which are connected in sequence along the material conveying direction; the liftable track corresponds to the press-forming station formed between the upper template and the lower template; the feed conveying track, the liftable track, and the discharge conveying track are all composed of two parallel left and right track pairs, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the press-forming station; the two sides of the carrier carrying the material are respectively slidably matched with the left and right track pairs to realize movement along the feed conveying track, the liftable track, and the discharge conveying track; a limit mechanism for limiting the movement of the carrier is provided at the joint between the discharge conveying track and the liftable track;

[0008] A track support seat is fixedly connected to the left and right track pairs of the liftable track on one side facing away from the profiling station, and a lower lifting cylinder for driving the liftable track to rise and fall is connected to the lower end of the track support seat, and a top column for supporting and limiting the track support seat is arranged below the track support seat.

[0009] Furthermore, a positioning mechanism for positioning the carrier is installed on the track support seat, and the positioning mechanism includes a positioning cylinder fixedly installed on the track support seat, and the piston rod end of the positioning cylinder is connected to a push plate. The positioning cylinder drives the push plate to move back and forth toward the carrier in a direction perpendicular to the travel path of the carrier to achieve positioning of the carrier.

[0010] Furthermore, a "7"-shaped positioning plate for limiting the rising height of the liftable rail is fixedly installed on the side of the lower template.

[0011] Furthermore, the left and right track pairs of the feed conveying track close to the liftable track are symmetrically installed with opposing photoelectric switches, which are used to detect whether a carrier passes through and are linked with the limit mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, the limiting mechanism includes a blocking cylinder fixedly installed on the side of the discharge conveying track, the movement direction of the piston rod of the blocking cylinder is perpendicular to the travel direction of the carrier, and a block is fixedly connected to the end of the piston rod of the blocking cylinder. After the piston rod end is extended, the block is located directly in front of the travel path of the carrier to block the carrier from moving forward, and an in-position switch is installed on the block.

[0013] Furthermore, an upper lifting cylinder is vertically fixedly installed on the side of the upper template, and the piston rod end of the upper lifting cylinder is connected to a lifting block corresponding to the track support seat.

[0014] Furthermore, the carrier includes a plurality of parallel arranged strip-shaped load-bearing bars, both ends of which are connected to the carrier traction chain through connecting seats respectively, and the carrier traction chains at both ends are respectively slidably matched with the left and right track pairs of the feed conveying track, the liftable track and the discharge conveying track, and a plurality of independent material supporting units are evenly distributed along the length direction on the strip-shaped load-bearing bars; the material supporting unit has a sunken concave cavity, and a material is placed in the concave cavity of each material supporting unit, and a plurality of forming modules corresponding to the material supporting units are arranged on the forming working surfaces of the upper template and the lower template.

[0015] Furthermore, the conveying assembly also includes two sets of parallel chain transmission assemblies for driving the carrier to move, each set of chain transmission assemblies includes a sprocket and a transmission chain connecting the sprockets, and the sprockets in corresponding positions of the two sets of chain transmission assemblies are connected through a transmission shaft to achieve synchronous transmission; shift rods are equidistantly installed on the transmission chain, and the shift rods form a spatial matching relationship with the gap between two adjacent connecting seats. When the transmission chain is running, the shift rods are inserted into the gap and contact with the connecting seat, thereby pushing the carrier to move intermittently along the feed conveying track, the liftable track, and the discharge conveying track, and the vertical distance between the transmission chain and the carrier traction chain is greater than the distance the liftable track descends.

[0016] Furthermore, the material supporting unit is a thin piece integrally formed from thermoplastic plastic by a vacuum forming process, and its wall thickness is 0.3-0.8 mm.

[0017] Furthermore, the upper template and the lower template respectively include a water cooling plate and a bottom plate, the water cooling plate is serpentinely arranged with water cooling pipes, the bottom plate is fixedly mounted on the water cooling plate and in contact with the water cooling pipes, and the molding module is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0019] (1) Realize continuous synchronous production: Through the integrated design of the segmented conveyor track and the profiling station, the liftable track is flush with the feed conveyor track and the discharge conveyor track in the non-profiling state, forming a continuous conveying path. During the profiling stage, the liftable track descends to a low position, and the carrier carrying the material is smoothly placed on the upper surface of the lower template. The material is profiled synchronously during the conveying process, which significantly improves production efficiency. The coordinated action of the liftable track and the lower lifting cylinder ensures that the carrier is accurately positioned during profiling and quickly resets after profiling is completed, forming a fast and stable production rhythm.

[0020] (2) Simplify equipment structure and maintenance cost: Modular track design is used to replace complex mobile modules. The lifting track is directly driven by the track support seat and the lower lifting cylinder, which reduces the number of mechanical transmission parts and eliminates redundant structures such as suction cups and material trays in traditional equipment, thereby reducing the use cost and maintenance difficulty.

[0021] (3) Reduced transmission path and floor space: The profiling station and conveying system are integrated into one layout, shortening the material transmission path and reducing the horizontal floor space of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the cooperation between the conveying component and the lower mold component.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cooperation between the lower mold assembly and the liftable track.

[0025] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coordination between the liftable track and the vehicle.

[0027] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0028] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the upper mold assembly.

[0029] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the coordination of the feed conveyor track, the discharge conveyor track and the chain drive assembly.

[0030] Fig. 9 yes Figure 8 A partial enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0031] Fig.10 yes Figure 8 A partial enlarged view of point D in the middle.

[0032] In the figure: base 100; lower template 200, water-cooled plate 201, molding module 202, bottom plate 203, water-cooled pipe 204; conveying assembly 300, feed conveying track 301, liftable track 302, discharge conveying track 303, limit mechanism 304, blocking cylinder 3041, block 3042, in-place switch 3043, track support seat 305, lower lifting cylinder 306, top column 307, positioning cylinder 308, push plate 309, positioning plate 310, through-beam photoelectric switch 311, sprocket 312, transmission chain 313, lever 314; upper template 400, upper lifting cylinder 401, top block 402; driving cylinder 500; carrier 600, bar bearing bar 601, material supporting unit 602, connecting seat 603, carrier traction chain 604; material 700. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively and carefully below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments of the specification, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a segmented synchronous conveying and pressing device, including a lower mold assembly and an upper mold assembly arranged relatively to each other in the vertical direction, and a conveying assembly 300 arranged between the lower mold assembly and the upper mold assembly, the lower mold assembly includes a base 100 and a lower mold plate 200 fixedly installed on the base 100, the upper surface of the lower mold plate 200 constitutes a lower supporting surface for pressing the material, and the upper mold assembly includes an upper mold plate 400 corresponding to the lower mold plate 200 and a driving cylinder 500 for driving the upper mold plate 400 to rise and fall.

[0035] See also Figure 2-Figure 6 The conveying assembly 300 provided in one embodiment of the utility model includes a feed conveying track 301, a liftable track 302, and a discharge conveying track 303 which are connected in sequence along the material conveying direction. The liftable track 302 corresponds to the press-forming station formed between the upper template 400 and the lower template 200. The feed conveying track 301, the liftable track 302, and the discharge conveying track 303 are all composed of two parallel left and right track pairs, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the press-forming station; the two sides of the carrier 600 carrying the material are respectively slidably matched with the left and right track pairs to realize the movement along the feed conveying track 301, the liftable track 302, and the discharge conveying track 303. In order to realize the positioning of the carrier 600 on the liftable track 302, a limiting mechanism 304 for limiting the movement of the carrier 600 is provided at the joint between the discharge conveying track 303 and the liftable track 302. Before the pressing process, the limiting mechanism 304 limits the continued movement of the carrier 600 . After the pressing process is completed, the limiting mechanism 304 releases the restriction, allowing the carrier 600 to continue to move forward and transfer to the discharge conveying track 303 .

[0036] A track support seat 305 is fixedly connected to the side of the left and right track pairs of the liftable track 302 that faces away from the profiling station. The lower end of the track support seat 305 is connected to a lower lifting cylinder 306 for driving the liftable track 302 to rise and fall. The liftable track 302 is driven to rise and fall by the lower lifting cylinder 306 to realize the switching of the carrier 600 between the high-position conveying position and the low-position profiling station. A top column 307 for supporting and limiting the track support seat 305 is arranged below the track support seat 305. On the one hand, the top column 307 accurately locates the downward position of the liftable track 302, and on the other hand, it provides support for the liftable track 302 during profiling.

[0037] like Figure 4As shown, in order to achieve accurate positioning of the rising position of the liftable rail 302 and ensure that the liftable rail 302 is aligned with the feed conveying rail 301 and the discharge conveying rail 303, a "7"-shaped positioning plate 310 is fixedly installed on the side of the lower template 200 for limiting the rising height of the liftable rail 302.

[0038] In order to achieve accurate positioning of the carrier 600 on the horizontal plane, a positioning mechanism for positioning the carrier 600 is installed on the track support seat 305 in this embodiment. The positioning mechanism includes a positioning cylinder 308 fixedly installed on the track support seat 305. The piston rod end of the positioning cylinder 308 is connected to a push plate 309. The positioning cylinder 308 drives the push plate 309 to move back and forth toward the carrier 600 in a direction perpendicular to the travel path of the carrier 600 to achieve positioning of the carrier 600.

[0039] An embodiment of the utility model also provides a solution for the linkage of multiple-stage actuators. Fig. 9 As shown, the left and right rail pairs of the feed conveying rail 301 close to the lifting rail 302 are symmetrically installed with a beam-type photoelectric switch 311, which is used to detect whether a carrier 600 passes through and is linked with the limit mechanism 304. When the beam-type photoelectric switch 311 detects that a carrier 600 passes through, it sends a signal to the limit mechanism 304, and the limit mechanism 304 starts to limit the movement of the carrier 600.

[0040] Fig.10 The limiting mechanism 304 provided by an embodiment of the utility model is shown, and the limiting mechanism 304 includes a blocking cylinder 3041 fixedly installed on the side of the discharge conveying track 303, the movement direction of the piston rod of the blocking cylinder 3041 is perpendicular to the travel direction of the carrier 600, and a stopper 3042 is fixedly connected to the end of the piston rod of the blocking cylinder 3041. After the piston rod end is extended, the stopper 3042 is located in front of the travel path of the carrier 600 to block the carrier 600 from moving forward, and an in-place switch 3043 is installed on the stopper 3042. The setting of the in-place switch 3043 can realize the linkage of the conveying assembly 300 and the upper mold assembly. When the in-place switch 3043 detects that the carrier 600 moves into position, it sends a signal to stop the horizontal conveying of the conveying assembly 300, and the lower lifting cylinder 306 starts to drive the lifting track 302 downward, and the driving cylinder 500 drives the upper mold plate 400 to descend, switching from the conveying state to the pressing state.

[0041] Figure 7 The upper mold assembly provided by an embodiment of the utility model is shown, and an upper lifting cylinder 401 is vertically fixedly installed on the side of the upper mold plate 400, and the piston rod end of the upper lifting cylinder 401 is connected to a top block 402 corresponding to the track support seat 305. Through the cooperation of the upper lifting cylinder 401, the top block 402 and the track support seat 305, the mold closing process can be buffered.

[0042] Figure 5 , Figure 6 The structure of a carrier 600 provided by an embodiment of the utility model is shown. The carrier 600 includes a plurality of parallel arranged strip-shaped bearing bars 601, and the two ends of the strip-shaped bearing bars 601 are connected to the carrier traction chains 604 through the connecting seats 603 respectively. The carrier traction chains 604 at the two ends are respectively slidably matched with the left and right track pairs of the feed conveying track 301, the liftable track 302, and the discharge conveying track 303. A plurality of independent material supporting units 602 are evenly distributed along the length direction on the strip-shaped bearing bars 601; the material supporting units 602 have a sunken concave cavity, and a material 700 is placed in the concave cavity of each material supporting unit 602. A plurality of forming modules 202 corresponding to the material supporting units 602 are arranged on the forming working surfaces of the upper template 400 and the lower template 200. The materials 700 to be pressed are arranged in an array in the material holding unit 602 of the carrier 600. Through the molding modules 202 on the upper and lower templates corresponding to the material holding units 602, each material 700 can be pressed precisely, ensuring the pressing effect.

[0043] The material support unit 602 provided in an embodiment of the utility model is a thin piece formed by thermoplastic plastics through a vacuum forming process, and its wall thickness is 0.3-0.8mm. The material support unit 602 only bears the load of the material 700, and is supported by the forming module 202 on the lower template 200 during the pressing process. Compared with traditional metal carriers, the overall weight of the carrier is significantly reduced, the energy consumption during the transportation and handling process is reduced, the equipment wear is reduced, the service life is extended, and the use cost is reduced.

[0044] Figure 3 , Figure 7 The structures of the lower mold assembly and the upper mold assembly provided by an embodiment of the utility model are respectively shown. The upper mold plate 400 and the lower mold plate 200 respectively include a water-cooling plate 201 and a bottom plate 203, on which a water-cooling tube 204 is arranged in a serpentine shape, the bottom plate 203 is fixedly mounted on the water-cooling plate 201 and in contact with the water-cooling tube 204, and the molding module 202 is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate 203. Before the material is pressed, it needs to be heated to facilitate the pressing. By introducing the above cooling mechanism, this embodiment can cool the material while pressing, so as to facilitate subsequent collection and processing.

[0045] See also Figure 8-Figure 10The conveying assembly 300 provided in one embodiment of the utility model also includes two sets of parallel chain transmission assemblies for driving the carrier 600 to move, each set of chain transmission assemblies includes a sprocket 312 and a transmission chain 313 connecting the sprocket 312, and the sprockets 312 at corresponding positions of the two sets of chain transmission assemblies are connected by a transmission shaft to realize synchronous transmission; a lever 314 is equidistantly installed on the transmission chain 313, and the lever 314 forms a spatial matching relationship with the gap between two adjacent connecting seats 603. When the transmission chain 313 is running, the lever 314 is inserted into the gap and contacts with the connecting seat 603, thereby pushing the carrier 600 to intermittently move along the feeding conveying track 301, the liftable track 302, and the discharging conveying track 303, and the vertical distance between the transmission chain 313 and the carrier traction chain 604 is greater than the distance the liftable track 302 descends. In this embodiment, the interference between conveying and pressing is avoided by staggered arrangement of the transmission chain 313 and the carrier traction chain 604 in the vertical space and spatial coordination between the shifting rod 314 and the gap between two adjacent connecting seats 603 .

[0046] With the help of the teachings in the foregoing description and the related drawings, a person skilled in the art will be able to think of many modifications and other embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and modifications and other embodiments are considered to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are used herein, they are used only in a general and descriptive sense and not for limitation.

Claims

1. A segmented synchronous conveying and profiling device, comprising a lower die assembly and an upper die assembly arranged relative to each other in a vertical direction, and a conveying assembly (300) arranged between the lower die assembly and the upper die assembly, wherein the lower die assembly comprises a base (100) and a lower die plate (200) fixedly mounted on the base (100), wherein the upper surface of the lower die plate (200) constitutes a lower supporting surface for profiling a material, and the upper die assembly comprises an upper die plate (400) corresponding to the lower die plate (200) and a driving cylinder (500) for driving the upper die plate (400) to rise and fall, characterized in that: The conveying assembly (300) comprises a feed conveying track (301), a liftable track (302), and a discharge conveying track (303) which are connected in sequence along the material conveying direction; the liftable track (302) corresponds to a profiling station formed between an upper template (400) and a lower template (200); the feed conveying track (301), the liftable track (302), and the discharge conveying track (303) are all composed of two parallel left and right track pairs, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the profiling station; two sides of a carrier (600) carrying materials are respectively slidably matched with the left and right track pairs to realize movement along the feed conveying track (301), the liftable track (302), and the discharge conveying track (303); a limiting mechanism (304) for limiting the movement of the carrier (600) is provided at the joint between the discharge conveying track (303) and the liftable track (302); A track support seat (305) is fixedly connected to the side of the left and right track pairs of the liftable track (302) facing away from the profiling station, and a lower lifting cylinder (306) for driving the liftable track (302) to rise and fall is connected to the lower end of the track support seat (305), and a top column (307) for supporting and limiting the track support seat (305) is arranged below the track support seat (305).

2. A segmented synchronous conveying profiling device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning mechanism for positioning the carrier (600) is installed on the track support seat (305), and the positioning mechanism includes a positioning cylinder (308) fixedly installed on the track support seat (305), and a push plate (309) is connected to the piston rod end of the positioning cylinder (308). The positioning cylinder (308) drives the push plate (309) toward the carrier (600) to reciprocate in a direction perpendicular to the travel path of the carrier (600) to achieve positioning of the carrier (600).

3. A segmented synchronous conveying and pressing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A "7"-shaped positioning plate (310) for limiting the rising height of the liftable rail (302) is fixedly mounted on the side of the lower template (200).

4. A segmented synchronous conveying and pressing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Opposing photoelectric switches (311) are symmetrically mounted on the left and right track pairs of the feed conveying track (301) close to the liftable track (302). The opposing photoelectric switches (311) are used to detect whether a carrier (600) passes through and are linked to the limit mechanism (304).

5. A segmented synchronous conveying and pressing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting mechanism (304) comprises a blocking cylinder (3041) fixedly mounted on the side of the discharging conveying track (303); the movement direction of the piston rod of the blocking cylinder (3041) is perpendicular to the travel direction of the carrier (600); a stopper (3042) is fixedly connected to the end of the piston rod of the blocking cylinder (3041); after the piston rod end is extended, the stopper (3042) is located in front of the travel path of the carrier (600) to block the carrier (600) from moving forward; and an in-position switch (3043) is mounted on the stopper (3042).

6. A segmented synchronous conveying and pressing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: An upper lifting cylinder (401) is vertically fixedly installed on the side of the upper template (400), and a piston rod end of the upper lifting cylinder (401) is connected to a lifting block (402) corresponding to the track support seat (305).

7. A segmented synchronous conveying profiling device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The carrier (600) comprises a plurality of parallel arranged strip-shaped support bars (601), the two ends of the strip-shaped support bars (601) are respectively connected to the carrier traction chain (604) via a connecting seat (603), the carrier traction chains (604) at the two ends are respectively slidably matched with the left and right track pairs of the feed conveying track (301), the liftable track (302), and the discharge conveying track (303), and a plurality of independent material supporting units (602) are evenly distributed along the length direction on the strip-shaped support bars (601); the material supporting unit (602) has a sunken concave cavity, and a material (700) is correspondingly placed in the concave cavity of each material supporting unit (602), and a plurality of forming modules (202) corresponding to the material supporting units (602) are arranged on the forming working surfaces of the upper template (400) and the lower template (200).

8. A segmented synchronous conveying and pressing device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The conveying assembly (300) further comprises two groups of parallel chain transmission assemblies for driving the carrier (600) to move, each group of chain transmission assemblies comprising a sprocket (312) and a transmission chain (313) connected to the sprocket (312), and the sprockets (312) at corresponding positions of the two groups of chain transmission assemblies are connected via a transmission shaft to achieve synchronous transmission; levers (314) are equidistantly mounted on the transmission chain (313), and the levers (314) form a spatial matching relationship with the gap between two adjacent connecting seats (603); when the transmission chain (313) is running, the levers (314) are inserted into the gap and contact the connecting seats (603), thereby pushing the carrier (600) to intermittently move along the feeding conveying track (301), the liftable track (302), and the discharging conveying track (303), and the vertical distance between the transmission chain (313) and the carrier traction chain (604) is greater than the distance the liftable track (302) descends.

9. A segmented synchronous conveying and pressing device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The material supporting unit (602) is a thin piece integrally formed from thermoplastic plastic by a vacuum forming process, and has a wall thickness of 0.3-0.8 mm.

10. A segmented synchronous conveying and pressing device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The upper mold plate (400) and the lower mold plate (200) respectively comprise a water cooling plate (201) and a bottom plate (203); a water cooling tube (204) is arranged in a serpentine shape on the water cooling plate (201); the bottom plate (203) is fixedly mounted on the water cooling plate (201) and in contact with the water cooling tube (204); and the molding module (202) is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate (203).

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