Protective structure, cover plate assembly, battery, battery pack and electric equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a protection structure, cover plate subassembly, battery, battery pack and electric equipment, the protection structure includes: protector and at least one protection plate, in the protector defines the accommodation cavity, on the protector is formed a plurality of first through-holes, the accommodation cavity passes through the plurality of first through-holes and is communicated with protector exterior, the protection plate is arranged in the accommodation cavity, and the protection plate is arranged in the accommodation cavity. A plurality of second through holes are formed in the protection plate, and the protection plate divides the containing cavity into a plurality of sub-cavities. Therefore, the protection structure is used at the position of the explosion-proof valve of the battery, the protector can improve the overall structural strength of the protection structure, the protection plate can protect the explosion-proof valve, and meanwhile it is guaranteed that air inflow of the explosion-proof valve is smooth and not blocked; and the plurality of first through holes in the protector and the plurality of second through holes in the protection plate can disperse gas among the plurality of sub-cavities, so that the local pressure peak value is reduced, the buffering and pressure equalizing effects are achieved, and the safety of the battery is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of battery packs, and in particular to a protective structure, a cover plate assembly, a battery, a battery pack and an electrical device. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, there is no protective device at the explosion-proof valve of the battery cover assembly. When the internal pressure of the battery needs to be released, the explosion-proof port may be blocked by particulate matter or some side reaction products, resulting in poor pressure release, explosion-proof failure of the explosion-proof valve, and inability to discharge gas in time, affecting the safety performance and reliability of the battery. Utility Model Content

[0003] The utility model aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the first purpose of the utility model is to provide a protective structure that can protect the explosion-proof valve and ensure that the explosion-proof valve has smooth air intake without being blocked.

[0004] The second objective of the present utility model is to provide a cover plate assembly, comprising a cover plate, an explosion-proof valve and the protective structure described in the above embodiment.

[0005] The third object of the present utility model is to provide a battery, comprising a battery housing and the cover plate assembly described in the above embodiment.

[0006] The fourth objective of the present utility model is to provide a battery pack, comprising the battery described in the above embodiment.

[0007] The fifth objective of the present utility model is to provide an electrical device, comprising the battery pack described in the above embodiment.

[0008] According to the protective structure of the first aspect of the utility model, the protective structure includes: a protective device and at least one protective plate, the protective device defines a accommodating cavity, a plurality of first through holes are formed on the protective device, and the accommodating cavity is connected to the outside of the protective device through the plurality of first through holes; the protective plate is arranged in the accommodating cavity, a plurality of second through holes are formed on the protective plate, and the protective plate divides the accommodating cavity into a plurality of sub-cavities, and the plurality of sub-cavities are connected through a plurality of second through holes.

[0009] According to the protective structure of the embodiment of the utility model, the protective structure is used at the explosion-proof valve of the battery, the protector can improve the overall structural strength of the protective structure, the setting of the protective plate can protect the explosion-proof valve and ensure that the air intake of the explosion-proof valve is smooth and not blocked, when the internal pressure of the battery rises abnormally, the setting of multiple first through holes on the protector and multiple second through holes on the protective plate can disperse the gas among multiple sub-cavities, thereby reducing the local pressure peak, playing a buffering and pressure-equalizing role, thereby ensuring the smooth pressure release of the battery when thermal runaway occurs, and improving the safety of the battery.

[0010] In some embodiments, a plurality of the first through holes are formed on a side wall of the protector, and the protection plate is arranged in the accommodating cavity along an axial direction perpendicular to the protector.

[0011] In some embodiments, a plurality of the first through holes constitute a plurality of first through hole groups, the plurality of the first through hole groups are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the protector, each of the first through hole groups includes a plurality of the first through holes arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the protector; the protective plate is arranged between two adjacent groups of the first through hole groups.

[0012] In some embodiments, there are a plurality of protective plates, and the plurality of protective plates are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the protector.

[0013] In some embodiments, the protective plate includes: a plate body and at least one support member, the plate body is arranged in the accommodating cavity, and a plurality of second through holes are formed on the plate body; the support member is arranged on at least one side of the plate body in the thickness direction, and the support member is located at the outer periphery of the plate body.

[0014] In some embodiments, there are a plurality of support members, and the plurality of support members are spaced apart along the circumference of the plate body.

[0015] In some embodiments, one axial end of the guard is open.

[0016] In some embodiments, the aperture of the first through hole is L1, and L1 satisfies: 0.5 μm≤L1≤3 μm; the aperture of the second through hole is L2, and L2 satisfies: 0.5 μm≤L2≤3 μm.

[0017] In some embodiments, the through hole is in a circular, elliptical, oblong, U-shaped or polygonal shape.

[0018] In some embodiments, the protector and the protection plate are respectively made of plastic, ceramic or aluminum.

[0019] According to the cover plate assembly of the second aspect embodiment of the utility model, it includes: a cover plate, an explosion-proof valve and a protective structure, wherein the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the cover plate; the protective structure is the protective structure according to the first aspect embodiment of the utility model, the protective structure is connected to the cover plate, and the protective structure is opposite to the explosion-proof valve.

[0020] A battery according to an embodiment of the third aspect of the utility model comprises: a battery housing and a cover assembly, wherein the cover assembly is the cover assembly according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the utility model, the cover assembly is arranged on the battery housing, the cover assembly and the battery housing jointly define a chamber, and the protective structure of the cover assembly is located in the chamber.

[0021] The battery pack according to the fourth embodiment of the utility model includes the battery according to the third embodiment of the utility model.

[0022] The electrical equipment according to the fifth aspect of the present invention includes the battery pack according to the fourth aspect of the present invention.

[0023] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the following description, or will be learned through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0025] Figure 1 It is an exploded schematic diagram of a cover plate assembly according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a cover plate assembly according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0027] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a protector according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a protective plate according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0029] Reference numerals:

[0030] 100. Cover plate assembly;

[0031] 10. Protective structure;

[0032] 20. Protector; 21. Accommodating cavity; 22. First through hole;

[0033] 30. protective plate; 31. second through hole; 32. plate body; 33. supporting member;

[0034] 40. Cover plate; 41. Explosion-proof valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary. Figure 1-Figure 4 A protective structure 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described, comprising: a protector 20 and at least one protective plate 30 .

[0036] Specifically, if Figure 1-Figure 4As shown, a accommodating chamber 21 is defined inside the protector 20, a plurality of first through holes 22 are formed on the protector 20, and the accommodating chamber 21 is connected to the outside of the protector 20 through the plurality of first through holes 22; a protective plate 30 is disposed in the accommodating chamber 21, a plurality of second through holes 31 are formed on the protective plate 30, and the protective plate 30 divides the accommodating chamber 21 into a plurality of sub-cavities, and the plurality of sub-cavities are connected through the plurality of second through holes 31.

[0037] Combination Figure 1-4 The protector 20 is the main carrier of the protection structure 10, and defines a housing cavity 21 therein. The protection plate 30 is suitable for being assembled in the housing cavity 21, and a plurality of second through holes 31 penetrating the protection plate 30 along the thickness direction of the protection plate 30 are formed on the protection plate 30. The shape of the protection plate 30 is adapted to the shape of the housing cavity 21, so that the protection plate 30 can be stably installed in the housing cavity 21. The arrangement of the plurality of first through holes 22 and the plurality of second through holes 31 can form a multi-channel exhaust channel, which is convenient for controlling the flow path of the gas in the protector 20 and accelerating the diffusion efficiency of the gas.

[0038] According to the protective structure 10 of the embodiment of the utility model, the protective structure 10 is used at the explosion-proof valve 41 of the battery, the protector 20 can improve the overall structural strength of the protective structure 10, the setting of the protective plate 30 can protect the explosion-proof valve 41 while ensuring that the explosion-proof valve 41 has smooth air intake and is not blocked. When the internal pressure of the battery rises abnormally, the setting of the multiple first through holes 22 on the protector 20 and the multiple second through holes 31 on the protective plate 30 can disperse the gas among the multiple sub-cavities, thereby reducing the local pressure peak, playing a buffering and pressure-equalizing role, thereby ensuring the smooth pressure release of the battery when thermal runaway occurs, and improving the safety of the battery.

[0039] In some embodiments, in combination Figure 1-3 A plurality of first through holes 22 are formed on the side wall of the protector 20 , and the protection plate 30 is arranged in the accommodating cavity 21 along an axial direction perpendicular to the protector 20 .

[0040] A plurality of first through holes 22 penetrating the side wall of the protector 20 are formed on the side wall of the protector 20. There are a plurality of protective plates 30, and the plurality of protective plates 30 are evenly spaced along the axial direction of the protector 20 in the accommodating chamber 21 to evenly divide the accommodating chamber 21 into a plurality of sub-chambers, which is beneficial to achieving balanced distribution of parameters such as pressure and flow rate of the gas in the plurality of sub-chambers. The plurality of first through holes 22 are respectively opposite to the plurality of sub-chambers along the radial direction of the protector 20, which facilitates the circulation of the gas in the accommodating chamber 21.

[0041] Therefore, multiple first through holes 22 of the protector 20 are formed on the side wall, and the protective plate 30 is arranged in the accommodating cavity 21 along an axial direction perpendicular to the protector 20, which helps to improve the gas exchange efficiency in the protective structure 10 and achieve uniform pressure distribution. It can also simplify the installation process of the protective plate 30 in the accommodating cavity 21 and is conducive to optimizing the overall spatial layout inside the accommodating cavity 21.

[0042] In some embodiments, in combination Figure 1-3 A plurality of first through holes 22 constitute a plurality of groups of first through holes 22 , and the plurality of groups of first through holes 22 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the protector 20 , and each group of first through holes 22 includes a plurality of first through holes 22 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the protector 20 ; a protective plate 30 is arranged between two adjacent groups of first through holes 22 .

[0043] The plurality of first through holes 22 are arranged along the axial direction of the protector 20, and the protector 20 can realize independent control of the gas flow at different axial positions, which can improve the structural stability of the protector 20. The design of each group of first through holes 22 includes a plurality of first through holes 22 arranged at intervals along the circumference of the protector 20, which can increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the first through holes 22, and the plurality of first through holes 22 correspond to the plurality of sub-cavities one by one. Therefore, the arrangement of the first through holes 22 enables the protective structure 10 to have good zoning control capability, structural stability and adaptability, improves the flow rate of the gas in the protective structure 10, and realizes uniform distribution of pressure in the protective structure 10.

[0044] In some embodiments, in combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 , there are multiple protective plates 30, and the multiple protective plates 30 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the protector 20. The arrangement of multiple protective plates 30 divides the interior of the accommodating chamber 21 into multiple sub-cavities, and the multiple protective plates 30 can stabilize the pressure and limit the flow of gas in the axial direction of the protector 20, and the superposition of multiple protective plates 30 can further enhance the structural stability and structural strength of the protector 20. Therefore, the arrangement of multiple protective plates 30 arranged at intervals along the circumference of the protector 20 can effectively enhance the structural strength of the protector 20, enhance the protective effect of the protector 20 on the explosion-proof valve 41, and thus improve the overall safety of the battery.

[0045] In some embodiments, in combination Figure 1 and Figure 4 The protective plate 30 includes: a plate body 32 and at least one support member 33, the plate body 32 is arranged in the accommodating cavity 21, and a plurality of second through holes 31 are formed on the plate body 32; the support member 33 is arranged on at least one side of the plate body 32 in the thickness direction, and the support member 33 is located at the outer periphery of the plate body 32.

[0046] The plate body 32 is arranged parallel to the radial direction of the protector 20, and a plurality of second through holes 31 are arranged to penetrate the plate body 32 along the axial direction of the protector 20, and the plurality of second through holes 31 are evenly distributed on the plate body 32. The support member 33 extends along the axial direction of the protector 20, and one end of the support member 33 along the axial direction of the protector 20 is fixedly connected to the plate body 32, and the other end of the support member 33 along the axial direction of the protector 20 extends toward a side away from the plate body 32. A plurality of protective plates 30 are arranged in the accommodating cavity 21 at intervals, and the plate bodies 32 of the plurality of protective plates 30 are arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction of the protector 20, and the other end of the support member 33 along the axial direction of the protector 20 is stopped against a side surface of the plate body 32 of the adjacent protective plate 30 in the thickness direction without the support member 33, and the plurality of protective plates 30 are sequentially stacked and arranged in the accommodating cavity 21 at intervals.

[0047] Therefore, the setting of the support member 33 can separate adjacent protective plates 30 and play a role in controlling the distance between the protective plates 30. The support member 33 is set on the outer periphery of the plate body 32 to reduce the space occupied by the support member 33 inside the accommodating cavity 21, optimize the spatial distribution inside the protector 20, improve the overall stability of the protective structure 10, realize the separation of the accommodating cavity 21 by the protective plate 30, reduce the setting of the remaining fixed protective plate 30 structure, improve the installation convenience of the protective plate 30, and enhance the overall stability of the protective structure 10.

[0048] In some embodiments, in combination Figure 4 There are multiple support members 33, and the multiple support members 33 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the plate body 32.

[0049] The plurality of support members 33 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the plate body 32, so that the support force on the plate body 32 in the circumferential direction is more uniform, avoiding local stress concentration caused by excessive bearing capacity of a single support member 33, and improving the structural stability of the plate body 32. The interval arrangement of the plurality of support members 33 may make the cooperation between the protective plate 30 and the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 21 simpler and faster, reduce the difficulty of installation, and improve the installation efficiency.

[0050] In some embodiments, in combination Figure 3 , one end of the protector 20 in the axial direction is open. The protector 20 is opened at one end adjacent to the explosion-proof valve 41 in the axial direction, which is convenient for the assembly of the protector 20 and can also serve as a passage for gas to enter the protective structure 10. The open end of the protector 20 in the axial direction can also serve as a window for the installation of the protective plate 30. Therefore, the open end of the protector 20 in the axial direction provides it with functions such as a gas inlet and outlet passage, an installation interface or an inspection window, thereby enhancing the practicality, maintainability and adaptability of the protective structure 10.

[0051] In some embodiments, the aperture of the first through hole 22 is L1, and L1 satisfies: 0.5μm≤L1≤3μm; the aperture of the second through hole 31 is L2, and L2 satisfies: 0.5μm≤L2≤3μm. If the aperture of the first through hole 22 and the second through hole 31 is less than 0.5μm, the aperture of the first through hole 22 and the second through hole 31 is too small, which is not conducive to the circulation of gas. If the aperture of the first through hole 22 and the second through hole 31 is greater than 3μm, the aperture of the first through hole 22 and the second through hole 31 is too large, and the protector 20 cannot prevent larger particles, which easily leads to the blockage of the air inlet of the explosion-proof valve 41. Therefore, limiting the aperture range of the first through hole 22 and the second through hole 31 can limit the rate of gas passage, which helps to regulate the speed of pressure change inside the battery, and can also prevent larger particles from entering the explosion-proof valve 41 to block the air inlet of the explosion-proof valve 41, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery, improving the overall performance of the battery, and extending the service life of the battery.

[0052] In some embodiments, the shape of the through hole is circular, elliptical, oblong, U-shaped or polygonal. The shape of the through hole is circular, elliptical, oblong, U-shaped or polygonal, which is beneficial to increase the flow area of ​​the through hole and improve the flow efficiency of the gas. Therefore, the shape of the through hole can be selected according to the needs of the actual application, such as factors such as fluid flow characteristics, structural strength, flow efficiency, etc., to achieve the best functionality and efficiency, and improve the applicability and reliability of the protective structure 10.

[0053] In some embodiments, the protector 20 and the protection plate 30 are respectively made of plastic, ceramic or aluminum.

[0054] Plastic parts have the advantages of being lightweight, corrosion-resistant, having excellent insulation performance, being easy to process, having strong impact resistance and good toughness. Protectors 20 and protective plates 30 are plastic parts, which can reduce the weight of protectors 20 and protective plates 30, reduce the production cost of protectors 20 and protective plates 30, and ensure the reliability of protectors 20 and protective plates 30. Ceramic parts have the advantages of high hardness, high compressive strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, excellent insulation performance and good wear resistance. Protectors 20 and protective plates 30 are ceramic parts, which can effectively improve the mechanical strength of protectors 20 and protective plates 30, enhance the impact resistance of protectors 20 and protective plates 30, and enhance the protective effect of protective structure 10 on explosion-proof valve 41. Aluminum parts have a low density, good mechanical strength, ductility and processing performance, and a dense aluminum oxide film is easily formed on the aluminum surface, which can provide certain corrosion resistance. Protectors 20 and protective plates 30 are aluminum parts, which help to reduce the weight of protective structure 10, improve the overall performance of protective structure 10, and meet the protection requirements of protective structure 10 on explosion-proof valve 41. The protector 20 and the protection plate 30 may also be a combination of the above materials.

[0055] Therefore, the protector 20 and the protective plate 30 are respectively plastic parts, ceramic parts or aluminum parts, which can ensure the overall structural strength of the protective structure 10, so that the protective structure 10 can effectively protect the explosion-proof valve 41, and the overall performance of the protective structure 10 can be improved. Moreover, the protector 20 and the protective plate 30 are respectively plastic parts, ceramic parts or aluminum parts, which can avoid reacting with the electrolyte inside the battery, enhance the durability of the protective structure 10, and extend the service life of the protective structure 10.

[0056] According to the cover plate assembly 100 of the second aspect of the utility model, Figure 1 and Figure 2 The cover plate assembly 100 includes: a cover plate 40, an explosion-proof valve 41 and a protective structure 10, the explosion-proof valve 41 is arranged on the cover plate 40; the protective structure 10 is the protective structure 10 according to the above-mentioned first aspect embodiment of the utility model, the protective structure 10 is connected to the cover plate 40, and the protective structure 10 is opposite to the explosion-proof valve 41.

[0057] The cover plate assembly 100 is used for the battery, and the explosion-proof valve 41 is arranged on the cover plate 40. The main function of the explosion-proof valve 41 is to automatically open when the internal pressure of the battery rises abnormally and there is a tendency for thermal runaway to occur (such as overcharging, internal short circuit, etc. causing gas accumulation), and release the internal gas to prevent the battery from being over-pressured. By releasing the pressure, the pressure and temperature inside the battery are reduced, thereby preventing the battery from catching fire or exploding. The protective structure 10 is arranged opposite to the explosion-proof valve 41. When the explosion-proof valve 41 releases gas, the protective structure 10 realizes fine control of gas flow, pressure buffering and other functions through its internal complex through-hole structure and multi-layer protective plate 30 design. The two cooperate with each other to jointly ensure the safe operation of the battery under various working conditions.

[0058] According to the cover plate assembly 100 of the embodiment of the utility model, the cover plate assembly 100 has a cover plate 40, an explosion-proof valve 41 and a protective structure 10, which can effectively prevent the safety risks caused by the abnormal increase of the internal pressure of the battery, and can realize the refined management of the gas flow through the design of the protective structure 10. The protective structure 10 can improve the overall structural strength of the cover plate assembly 100, effectively protect the explosion-proof valve 41, prevent the explosion-proof valve 41 from accidentally exploding under the action of external mechanical force, improve the protective effect of the cover plate assembly 100 on the battery, and enhance the functionality of the cover plate assembly 100.

[0059] According to the battery of the third aspect embodiment of the utility model, it includes: a battery housing and a cover assembly 100, the cover assembly 100 is the cover assembly 100 according to the second aspect embodiment of the utility model, the cover assembly 100 is arranged on the battery housing, the cover assembly 100 and the battery housing jointly define a chamber, and the protective structure 10 of the cover assembly 100 is located in the chamber.

[0060] The battery housing is the main structure of the battery. Its main function is to accommodate the battery cell, electrolyte and other necessary internal components, and provide physical protection to the external environment to ensure good sealing and integrity during the battery life cycle. The cover assembly 100 is arranged on the battery housing to cover and seal the top of the battery to ensure the isolation of the inside of the battery from the external environment. The cover assembly 100 and the battery housing together define a chamber to provide installation space for the protective structure 10.

[0061] According to the battery of the embodiment of the utility model, the battery housing and cover plate assembly 100 can enhance the overall mechanical strength of the battery, so that the battery has a certain explosion-proof function, which is beneficial to improving the safety performance and reliability of the battery under various working conditions and extending the service life of the battery.

[0062] The battery pack according to the fourth embodiment of the utility model includes the battery according to the third embodiment of the utility model.

[0063] According to the battery pack of the embodiment of the utility model, the battery pack is a higher-level energy storage system composed of multiple batteries, a battery management system (BMS), a thermal management system, electrical connectors, a mechanical support structure and safety measures. By applying the batteries described in the above embodiments, each battery is provided with a protective structure 10, which can improve the overall safety performance of the battery pack, reduce the internal stress of each battery, further optimize the overall performance of the battery pack, and extend the service life of the battery pack.

[0064] The electrical equipment according to the fifth aspect of the present invention includes the battery pack according to the fourth aspect of the present invention.

[0065] According to the electric equipment of the embodiment of the utility model, by applying the battery pack described in the above embodiment, the safety of the electric equipment during use can be effectively enhanced, and the reliability and operation stability of the electric equipment can be improved.

[0066] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0067] In the description of the present utility model, "first feature" and "second feature" may include one or more of the features. In the description of the present utility model, "plurality" means two or more. In the description of the present utility model, the first feature "above" or "below" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. In the description of the present utility model, the first feature "above", "above" and "above" the second feature include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.

[0068] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0069] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A protective structure, characterized in that: include: A protector, wherein a receiving cavity is defined in the protector, a plurality of first through holes are formed on the protector, and the receiving cavity is connected to the outside of the protector through the plurality of first through holes; At least one protective plate is disposed in the accommodating cavity, a plurality of second through holes are formed on the protective plate, the protective plate divides the accommodating cavity into a plurality of sub-cavities, and the plurality of sub-cavities are connected through a plurality of the second through holes.

2. The protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the first through holes are formed on the side wall of the protector, and the protection plate is arranged in the accommodating cavity along an axial direction perpendicular to the protector.

3. The protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of first through holes constitute a plurality of first through hole groups, the plurality of first through hole groups are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the protector, and each first through hole group includes a plurality of first through holes arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the protector; The protection plate is arranged between two adjacent groups of the first through hole groups.

4. The protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are a plurality of protection plates, which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the protector.

5. The protective structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The protective plate comprises: a plate body, the plate body being arranged in the accommodating cavity, and a plurality of the second through holes being formed on the plate body; At least one support member is provided on at least one side of the plate body in a thickness direction, and the support member is located at an outer periphery of the plate body.

6. The protective structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: There are a plurality of support members, and the plurality of support members are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the plate body.

7. The protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: One axial end of the protector is open.

8. The protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aperture of the first through hole is L1, and L1 satisfies: 0.5 μm≤L1≤3 μm; The aperture of the second through hole is L2, and L2 satisfies: 0.5 μm≤L2≤3 μm.

9. The protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The through hole has a shape of circle, ellipse, oblong, U-shape or polygon.

10. The protective structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The protector and the protection plate are respectively plastic parts, ceramic parts or aluminum parts.

11. A cover plate assembly, characterized in that: include: Cover plate; An explosion-proof valve, the explosion-proof valve being arranged on the cover plate; A protective structure, wherein the protective structure is the protective structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the protective structure is connected to the cover plate, and the protective structure is opposite to the explosion-proof valve.

12. A battery, characterized in that: include: Battery housing; A cover plate assembly, wherein the cover plate assembly is the cover plate assembly according to claim 11, wherein the cover plate assembly is arranged on the battery housing, wherein the cover plate assembly and the battery housing jointly define a cavity, and wherein the protective structure of the cover plate assembly is located in the cavity.

13. A battery pack, characterized in that: Comprising a battery according to claim 12.

14. An electrical device, characterized in that: Comprising the battery pack according to claim 13.

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