Combined threshing concave plate assembly, threshing device and harvesting machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of harvesting machinery, and discloses a combined type threshing concave plate assembly, a threshing device and harvesting machinery, the combined type threshing concave plate assembly comprises a concave grid body, and the concave grid body comprises a round rod concave plate (1), a grid concave plate (2) and a comb tooth concave plate (3) which are sequentially connected in the axial direction. When crops are fed into the threshing device with the combined threshing concave plate assembly, the crops sequentially pass through the round rod concave plate, the grid concave plate and the comb tooth concave plate to be threshed and separated. According to the combined threshing concave plate assembly, the threshing device treats fed crops in a layered mode, the high grain separation rate is guaranteed, grains and straw can keep high integrity, and the threshing concave plate assembly has the remarkable and good threshing effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a harvesting machine, in particular to a combined threshing concave assembly. On this basis, the utility model also relates to a threshing device comprising the combined threshing concave assembly and a harvesting machine comprising the threshing device. Background Art

[0002] For example, a fully-fed grain harvesting machine such as a combine harvester usually includes functional modules such as a cutting table, a crop conveying device, a threshing device, and a cleaning system. After the crop straw is cut off by the cutting table, it is transported to the threshing device by the crop conveying device; as the threshing drum rotates, the threshing device applies mechanical force to the crop to separate the grain from the straw; the fallen grains fall into the cleaning system, and the grains are separated from the impurities such as the crushed straw by a vibrating screen and a blower. Among them, as the core component of the harvesting machinery, the threshing device has a decisive influence on the separation rate and crushing rate of the grains. It usually includes a plurality of axially connected concave plate screens and a threshing drum rotatably mounted on the inner side of the concave plate screen. As the threshing drum rotates, the crop straw passes through the gap between it and the concave plate screen, so that the grains and the straw are separated by impact, shearing, combing, etc.

[0003] In actual production, it is necessary to select a suitable concave plate screen according to factors such as the type of crops to be harvested and the dryness of the crops at harvest to ensure a high grain separation rate and minimize the grain breakage rate. There are many types of concave plates in the prior art, such as grid concave plates, woven screen concave plates, round steel concave plates and punched concave plates, among which grid concave plates are widely used due to their high strength, good rigidity and high separation rate (up to 75%-90%), but they usually have a high grain breakage rate; punched concave plates have the characteristics of simple processing technology, good wear resistance and low threshing resistance, but the sieve aperture is generally only 25% to 30%, the separation rate is generally not more than 50%, and the separation effect is poor.

[0004] For different types of concave plate screens, the existing technology also proposes a solution of combining them for application, so as to take into account the requirements of separation rate and crushing rate, such as combining round steel concave plates with punched concave plates to give full play to the advantages of high removal rate of round steel concave plates and low crushing rate of punched concave plates; or, combining woven screens and grid screens into concave plate screens, so as to use the woven screens to reduce the impact on ears of grain, reduce broken ears and grain damage during threshing, and reduce grain losses. Then the grid screen processes the ear heads after threshing by the woven screen to ensure the threshing quality.

[0005] Although the combined concave plate screen can improve the threshing effect to a certain extent compared with a single type of concave plate, it is still difficult to meet the needs of users in some cases. For example, when the crop is relatively wet, such concave plate screens may not be able to fully separate the crop grains, resulting in reduced crop yields, or a considerable proportion of the grains are broken. In addition, these concave plate screens may also crush the straw, which does not meet the requirements of users in developed animal husbandry areas who want to retain longer straw for feeding livestock. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the problem that the threshing effect of the threshing device in the prior art is difficult to meet the needs of customers, and to provide a combined threshing concave plate assembly, which can enable the threshing device to process the fed crops in layers, not only ensuring a high grain separation rate, but also maintaining a high integrity of the grains and straws, and having a significantly good threshing effect.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides a combined threshing concave plate assembly, including a concave plate screen body, the concave plate screen body including a round rod concave plate, a grid concave plate and a comb tooth concave plate connected in sequence along the axial direction, wherein the round rod concave plate has an arc-shaped support plate and a plurality of round rods arranged on the inner side of the arc-shaped support plate, and the plurality of round rods extend axially and are arranged at intervals from each other along the extension direction of the arc-shaped support plate; the grid concave plate has an arc-shaped side plate, a plurality of grid plates extending axially and connected to the arc-shaped side plates, and a plurality of screen bars passing through the grid plates and extending in a direction parallel to the extension direction of the arc-shaped side plates; the comb tooth concave plate is formed with a plurality of rows of comb teeth distributed along the circumferential direction.

[0008] Preferably, the axial length of the round rod concave plate is greater than the axial length of the grid concave plate, and smaller than the axial length of the comb tooth concave plate.

[0009] Preferably, the round rod concave plate, the grid concave plate and the comb-tooth concave plate are detachably connected to each other in sequence, and / or at least one of the round rod concave plate, the grid concave plate and the comb-tooth concave plate is spliced ​​from a plurality of concave plate modules.

[0010] Preferably, an arc plate for guiding crop transportation and a feeding cone for gathering crops onto the arc plate are provided at one end of the round rod concave plate away from the grid concave plate.

[0011] Preferably, the combined threshing concave assembly comprises the round rod concave, grid concave and comb tooth concave arranged in pairs, wherein the round rod concave and grid concave are correspondingly connected to the same fixed concave, and the comb tooth concave is connected to the longitudinal beam.

[0012] Further preferably, the round rod concave plate and the grid concave plate are connected to the fixed concave plate via a rotating shaft, and the combined threshing concave plate assembly further comprises a gap adjustment mechanism for adjusting the rotational position of the round rod concave plate and the grid concave plate relative to the fixed concave plate.

[0013] Further preferably, the gap adjustment mechanism includes a connecting bracket connected to the outer side of the round rod concave plate and / or the grid concave plate and a worm gear mechanism transmission connected to the connecting bracket, so that the round rod concave plate and the grid concave plate can be driven by the worm gear mechanism to rotate relative to the fixed concave plate.

[0014] Preferably, a vertical adjustment mechanism is connected to the longitudinal beam.

[0015] The second aspect of the utility model provides a threshing device, comprising the above-mentioned combined threshing concave plate assembly and a threshing drum rotatably arranged on the inner side of the concave plate screen body.

[0016] A third aspect of the utility model provides a harvesting machine comprising the threshing device.

[0017] Through the above technical scheme, when crops are fed into the threshing device with the above combined threshing concave assembly, the crops are threshed and separated in turn through the round rod concave, the grid concave and the comb tooth concave, wherein the round rod concave has moderate rigidity and flexibility, and the crops first pass through the round rod concave to achieve preliminary threshing and avoid damaging the integrity of the grains; then, the crops after preliminary threshing pass through the grid concave with a high separation rate, so that the remaining grains therein are fully threshed, ensuring a high separation rate, and at the same time, because a large number of grains have been separated at the round rod concave before, the grain crushing rate can be avoided to be too high; finally, the crops are transported to the comb tooth concave with weaker threshing ability, which is mainly used to separate the grains from the straw, and basically will not further cause the crushing of the grains and the straw. Therefore, the combined threshing concave assembly not only ensures a high grain separation rate, but also enables the grains and straw to maintain a high integrity by allowing the threshing device to process the fed crops in layers, and has a significantly good threshing effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a stereoscopic diagram of a combined threshing concave plate assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of the installation structure of the round rod concave plate and the grid concave plate of the combined threshing concave plate assembly;

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of the installation structure of the comb tooth concave plate of the combined threshing concave plate assembly;

[0021] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 An enlarged view of the installation structure of the gap adjustment mechanism of the combined threshing concave plate assembly.

[0022] Description of Reference Numerals

[0023] 1-round rod concave plate; 11-arc support plate; 12-round rod; 2-grid concave plate; 21-arc side plate; 22-grid plate; 23-screen bar; 3-comb tooth concave plate; 31-comb tooth; 32-frame; 4-arc plate; 5-feeding cone; 6-fixed concave plate; 7-longitudinal beam; 8-gap adjustment mechanism; 81-connecting bracket; 82-worm gear mechanism; 83-mounting frame; 9-vertical adjustment mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described here is only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not used to limit the present invention.

[0025] In the present invention, unless otherwise stated, the directional terms such as "upper, lower, left, right" generally refer to the upper, lower, left, and right shown in the attached drawings; "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the outline of each component itself. In order to clearly describe the relative positional relationship of each component or structure, the present invention adopts the directional terms such as "radial", "circumferential" and "axial", which respectively correspond to the radial, circumferential and axial directions (or parallel to the axial direction) of the threshing device with the threshing drum, that is, Figure 1 As shown, the concave screen is usually formed into a grid shape with a substantially arc-shaped cross section, and the threshing drum can be rotatably arranged on the inner side of the concave screen, whereby the direction passing through the axis of the threshing drum in the radial plane is the "radial direction", the circumferential direction around the axis of the threshing drum is the "circumferential direction", and the extension direction of the axis of the threshing drum or the direction parallel to it is the "axial direction". On this basis, the "inside" refers to the side of the corresponding component facing the axis of the threshing drum, and the "outside" refers to the side of the corresponding component facing away from the axis of the threshing drum, and the corresponding component is at least partially arranged around the axis of the threshing drum or around the axis of the threshing drum.

[0026] Reference Figures 1 to 3 One aspect of the utility model provides a combined threshing concave assembly, including a concave screen body, the concave screen body including a round rod concave 1, a grid concave 2 and a comb-tooth concave 3 connected in sequence along the axial direction. Therefore, when applied to a threshing device, the fed crops can be conveyed to pass through the round rod concave 1, the grid concave 2 and the comb-tooth concave 3 in sequence, so as to achieve threshing and separation of grains.

[0027] The round rod concave plate 1 has an arc-shaped support plate 11 and a plurality of round rods 12 arranged inside the arc-shaped support plate 11. The round rods 12 are usually round steel (steel bars). The plurality of round steels can be arranged to extend axially and spaced apart from each other along the extension direction of the arc-shaped support plate 11. Figure 2 As shown, the side plates at the ends of the round rod concave plate 1 and the middle reinforcing rib plate are collectively referred to as arc-shaped support plates 11, which together constitute a support frame for supporting the round rod 12. The threshing effect of such round steel concave plates depends on the diameter of the built-in rods, the gap, and the distance of the rods beyond the concave plate plane. Generally, the threshing effect and grain integrity are relatively good, and the rigidity and flexibility are moderate.

[0028] The grid concave plate 2 comprises an arc-shaped side plate 21, a plurality of grid plates 22 extending in the axial direction and connected to the arc-shaped side plate 21, and a plurality of screen bars 23 passing through the grid plates 22 and extending in a direction parallel to the extension direction of the arc-shaped side plate 21. Figure 2 As shown, the arc-shaped side plate 21 may be formed with a plurality of installation grooves spaced apart from each other, and the grid plate 22 may be embedded and fixed in the installation groove. The grid concave plate has high strength and good rigidity, and the sieve aperture rate is generally 40%-80%, and the separation rate is as high as 75%-90%. Generally, when harvesting dry grains, the threshing effect is very good, but it may cause problems such as broken grains and too short straw.

[0029] The comb tooth concave plate 3 is formed with multiple rows of comb teeth 31 distributed along the circumferential direction, and the multiple rows of comb teeth 31 can be formed in a space surrounded by a frame 32. Compared with other types of concave plates, the threshing effect of the comb tooth concave plate is very poor, which means that it is very flexible and can better maintain the integrity of grains and straws. Therefore, the comb tooth concave plate is set in the separation section, which mainly plays the role of separating grains and straws without threshing.

[0030] Through the above arrangement, when crops are fed into the threshing device having the combined threshing concave assembly of the utility model, the crops are threshed and separated by passing through the round rod concave 1, the grid concave 2 and the comb tooth concave 3 in sequence, wherein the round rod concave 1 has moderate rigidity and flexibility, and the crops first pass through the round rod concave 1 to achieve preliminary threshing and avoid damaging the integrity of the grains; then, the crops after preliminary threshing pass through the grid concave 2 with a high separation rate, so that the remaining grains therein are fully threshed, thereby ensuring a high separation rate, and at the same time, since a large number of grains have been separated at the round rod concave 1 before, the overall crushing rate of the grains can be avoided to be too high; finally, the crops are transported to the comb tooth concave 3 with weaker threshing ability, and the comb tooth concave 3 is mainly used to separate the grains from the straw, and basically will not further cause the crushing of the grains and the straw. Therefore, the combined threshing concave assembly not only ensures a high grain separation rate, but also enables the grains and straws to maintain a high integrity by making the threshing device process the fed crops in layers, and has a significantly good threshing effect. In addition, the combined threshing concave assembly provided by the utility model takes into account both rigidity and flexibility, has a good threshing effect, and can reduce the grain breakage rate and hidden damage, etc. It has good adaptability and versatility, and can be used for harvesting operations of various crop types such as wheat and corn and crops of different humidity.

[0031] As mentioned above, the round rod concave plate 1, the grid concave plate 2 and the comb tooth concave plate 3 are used to process crops in a hierarchical manner to achieve a good threshing effect by utilizing their respective advantages. In order to further give play to the advantages of each concave plate and avoid damage to the grains and straw, the size of each concave plate can be reasonably set. In the illustrated preferred embodiment, the axial length of the round rod concave plate 1 is greater than the axial length of the grid concave plate 2, and is less than the axial length of the comb tooth concave plate 3. As a result, a larger proportion of the grains can be separated from the straw when passing through the round rod concave plate 1, and only a small amount of grains that are difficult to fall off need to be threshed at the position of the grid concave plate 2, which ensures a higher separation rate and keeps the overall grain breakage rate low. At the same time, the comb tooth concave plate 3 is set to be longer, which can ensure that most of the grains fall into the cleaning system and are separated, ensuring a higher grain yield.

[0032] The round rod concave plate 1, the grid concave plate 2 and the comb tooth concave plate 3 can be detachably connected to each other in sequence by means of bolts or the like. For example, the arc-shaped support plate 11 at the end of the round rod concave plate 1 and the arc-shaped side plate 21 of the grid concave plate 2 can be respectively reserved with through holes, and the round rod concave plate 1 and the grid concave plate 2 can be connected as a whole by passing the bolts through the through holes. The grid concave plate 2 and the comb tooth concave plate 3 can also be connected in this way. Therefore, in actual use, the combination of different types of concave plates can also be replaced as needed to match the type of crops being harvested and factors such as humidity, so as to achieve a better threshing effect. In addition, this also facilitates the disassembly and transportation of the combined threshing concave plate assembly.

[0033] In addition, any one of the round rod concave plate 1, the grid concave plate 2 and the comb tooth concave plate 3 can be respectively formed by splicing a plurality of concave plate modules, for example, Figure 2 As shown, the round rod concave plates 1 on both sides can be respectively formed by two round steel concave plate modules connected axially, thus having a relatively large axial length; while the grid concave plate 2 only includes a single piece; Figure 3 As shown, the comb tooth concave plate 3 can be split into multiple comb tooth concave plate modules in both the axial and circumferential directions, wherein four groups of comb tooth concave plate modules are included in the axial direction, and each group includes three pieces connected in the circumferential direction. In this way, not only the threshing effect can be improved, but also replacement and maintenance are convenient. In addition, the comb tooth concave plate is configured to be spliced ​​by multiple concave plate modules, which can be easily manufactured by stamping and the like.

[0034] The combined threshing concave plate assembly of the utility model can be designed in a lightweight and modular manner, and each concave plate can be divided into several small pieces for easy disassembly and replacement. At the same time, due to the modular design, different types of concave plates have the same overall dimensions and can be interchanged with each other to meet the needs of users' own transformation and secondary development.

[0035] In order to smoothly feed the crops into the threshing device, an arc plate 4 for guiding the crop transportation and a feeding cone 5 for gathering the crops to the arc plate 4 may be provided at one end of the round rod concave plate 1 away from the grid concave plate 2. The arc plate 4 may be arranged such that its inner surface is flush with the inner peripheral surface of the round rod 12 or covers the end of the round rod 12 to prevent the crops from being stuck at the end of the round rod concave plate 1. The feeding cone 5 gradually shrinks in the direction toward the arc plate 4.

[0036] The combined threshing concave assembly of the preferred embodiment shown in the figure includes a pair of concave screen bodies, which have round rod concave plates 1, grid concave plates 2 and comb-tooth concave plates 3 arranged in pairs, so that they can be used in a double-axial flow threshing device to have a higher harvesting efficiency. The round rod concave plates 1 and grid concave plates 2 of the two concave screen bodies are correspondingly connected to the same fixed concave plate 6 to form a threshing section; and the comb-tooth concave plates 3 can be connected to the longitudinal beam 7 to form a separation section.

[0037] Among them, the fixed concave plate 6 provides a rotating shaft connecting the round rod concave plate 1 and the grid concave plate 2, and the round rod concave plate 1 and the grid concave plate 2 can be rotatably connected to the fixed concave plate 6 through the rotating shaft. On this basis, the combined threshing concave plate assembly of the utility model can also include a gap adjustment mechanism 8 for adjusting the rotational position of the round rod concave plate 1 and the grid concave plate 2 relative to the fixed concave plate 6, so as to adjust the gap size between the round rod concave plate 1 and the grid concave plate 2 and the threshing drum to adapt to different threshing requirements.

[0038] Figure 4A preferred embodiment of the gap adjustment mechanism 8 is shown, wherein the gap adjustment mechanism 8 comprises a connecting bracket 81 connected to the outside of the round rod concave plate 1 and the grid concave plate 2 and a worm gear mechanism 82 connected to the connecting bracket 81, so that the round rod concave plate 1 and the grid concave plate 2 can be driven by the worm gear mechanism 82 to rotate relative to the fixed concave plate 6. When the harvesting effect of crops is not ideal, it is necessary to adjust the gap between the concave plate and the threshing drum to improve the harvesting effect. The use of the worm gear mechanism can make the adjustment simpler and more convenient without jamming, and also improve the accuracy and reliability of the adjustment.

[0039] More specifically, the worm gear mechanism 82 may have a worm that is manually or motor-operated and a fan-shaped turbine that meshes with the worm. When the worm is driven to rotate, the fan-shaped turbine is driven to rotate around the axis on which it is located. The axis can be installed on a fixed base such as a vehicle body through a mounting frame 83, and connected to a connecting bracket 81 through a swing arm, whereby the rotation of the fan-shaped turbine will cause the round rod concave plate 1 and the grid concave plate 2 to rotate around the rotating axis between them and the fixed concave plate 6, thereby changing the gap size relative to the threshing drum. For example, for wheat, the gap between the threshing drum and the round rod concave plate 1 and the grid concave plate 2 can be about 15mm-25mm, while for corn, the spacing can be adjusted to 25mm-40mm.

[0040] In order to facilitate debugging and installation, a vertical adjustment mechanism 9 can be connected to the longitudinal beam 7 connected to the comb tooth concave plate 3, and the vertical adjustment mechanism can adjust the distance between the combined threshing concave plate assembly of the utility model and the threshing drum as a whole. This can be performed before the threshing device or harvesting machinery leaves the factory to meet relevant requirements.

[0041] Another aspect of the utility model provides a threshing device, which comprises the above-mentioned combined threshing concave plate assembly and a threshing drum rotatably arranged inside the concave plate screen body. The threshing device not only ensures a high grain separation rate, but also enables the grains and straws to maintain a high integrity, and has a significantly good threshing effect.

[0042] In addition, the utility model also provides a harvesting machine comprising the threshing device.

[0043] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the technical concept of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention can be subjected to a variety of simple modifications, including the combination of various specific technical features in any suitable manner. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations. However, these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention and belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined threshing concave assembly, characterized in that: The invention comprises a concave plate screen body, the concave plate screen body comprising a round rod concave plate (1), a grid concave plate (2) and a comb tooth concave plate (3) connected in sequence along the axial direction, wherein the round rod concave plate (1) comprises an arc-shaped support plate (11) and a plurality of round rods (12) arranged inside the arc-shaped support plate (11), the plurality of round rods (12) respectively extending along the axial direction and arranged at intervals from each other along the extension direction of the arc-shaped support plate (11); the grid concave plate (2) comprises an arc-shaped side plate (21), a plurality of grid plates (22) respectively extending along the axial direction and connected to the arc-shaped side plate (21), and a plurality of screen bars (23) passing through the grid plates (22) and extending in a direction parallel to the extension direction of the arc-shaped side plate (21); the comb tooth concave plate (3) is formed with a plurality of rows of comb teeth (31) distributed along the circumferential direction.

2. The combined threshing concave assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial length of the round rod concave plate (1) is greater than the axial length of the grid concave plate (2), and is less than the axial length of the comb tooth concave plate (3).

3. The combined threshing concave assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The round rod concave plate (1), the grid concave plate (2) and the comb tooth concave plate (3) are detachably connected to each other in sequence, and / or at least one of the round rod concave plate (1), the grid concave plate (2) and the comb tooth concave plate (3) is formed by splicing a plurality of concave plate modules.

4. The combined threshing concave assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: An arc plate (4) for guiding crop transportation and a feeding cone (5) for gathering crops onto the arc plate (4) are provided at one end of the round rod concave plate (1) away from the grid concave plate (2).

5. The combined threshing concave assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combined threshing concave plate assembly comprises the round rod concave plate (1), the grid concave plate (2) and the comb tooth concave plate (3) which are arranged in pairs, wherein the round rod concave plate (1) and the grid concave plate (2) are respectively connected to the same fixed concave plate (6), and the comb tooth concave plate (3) is connected to the longitudinal beam (7).

6. The combined threshing concave assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: The round rod concave plate (1) and the grid concave plate (2) are connected to the fixed concave plate (6) via a rotating shaft, and the combined threshing concave plate assembly further comprises a gap adjustment mechanism (8) for adjusting the rotational position of the round rod concave plate (1) and the grid concave plate (2) relative to the fixed concave plate (6).

7. The combined threshing concave assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gap adjustment mechanism (8) comprises a connecting bracket (81) connected to the outside of the round rod concave plate (1) and / or the grid concave plate (2) and a worm gear mechanism (82) transmission-connected to the connecting bracket (81), so that the round rod concave plate (1) and the grid concave plate (2) can be driven by the worm gear mechanism (82) to rotate relative to the fixed concave plate (6).

8. The combined threshing concave assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: The longitudinal beam (7) is connected with a vertical adjustment mechanism (9).

9. A threshing device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a combined threshing concave plate assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and a threshing drum rotatably arranged inside the concave plate screen body.

10. A harvesting machine, characterized in that: Comprising the threshing device according to claim 9.

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