Equipment for monitoring migration of overlying strata

Abstract

The utility model relates to equipment for monitoring migration of overlying strata. The equipment comprises a drilling machine, an optical fiber, a grouting pipe, a plugging structure, a grouting pump, a signal conditioning circuit, a data acquisition box and an upper computer, an M-row and N-column horizontal drilling matrix is dug at the intersection of the haulage roadway and the coal seam; one optical fiber is arranged in each drill hole, and the length of the drill hole is not smaller than the preset working face advancing length; the grouting pipe comprises an upper pipe and a lower pipe, the lower pipe of the grouting pipe is connected with the grouting pump, the lower pipe serves as a grout inlet pipe and is used for conveying high-pressure grout, and the tail end of the lower pipe is connected with a grouting nozzle; the upper pipe serves as a slurry return pipe and is used for slurry return and exhaust; a plugging structure is arranged on the grouting pipe; the grouting opening is blocked, and a reinforced concrete reinforcing covering layer is arranged; and the output ends of all the optical fibers are connected with a data acquisition box through a signal conditioning circuit. Overlying strata migration monitoring is carried out based on horizontally distributed optical fibers, and overall migration of a goaf fissure zone and a bent sinking zone in the advancing direction of a working face can be monitored in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of overburden safety monitoring and analysis in underground mining, and relates to a device for overburden movement monitoring based on horizontally distributed optical fiber. Background Technique

[0002] Under the background of the booming coal industry, coal mining is continuously advancing towards deeper strata, followed by the intensification of the stability problem of the overlying strata on the working face, which poses a severe challenge to the safe production of mines. Traditional monitoring methods, such as point measurement and intermittent observation, although they have their functions, are stretched when dealing with the requirements of large-scale and continuous dynamic monitoring, unable to comprehensively capture the subtle changes of the overlying strata, thus limiting the timely early warning and effective control of potential risks. Especially in mining areas with complex geological conditions, such as areas with dense geological structures such as faults and folds, the unstable factors of the overlying strata increase significantly, and the limitations of traditional monitoring technologies are more prominent. There is an urgent need for an innovative monitoring scheme to fill this gap.

[0003] In recent years, optical fiber sensing technology has developed rapidly in the field of industrial monitoring with its unique advantages, such as anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, long service life and distributed measurement capabilities, bringing new methods to solve the problem of overlying strata monitoring in coal mines. Integrating this technology into the overlying strata monitoring of coal mine working faces can not only capture the tiny changes of rock strata in real time, but also achieve continuous and wide coverage monitoring, providing solid data support for mine safety. However, in actual use, the implementation of subsurface optical fiber monitoring is mainly to lay optical fibers vertically above the working face on the ground surface. Although it can quickly monitor the movement of different strata, the movement of the overlying strata needs to be calculated through several empirical formulas, and it is impossible to monitor the overall movement of the fissure zone and the bending subsidence zone in the goaf along the working face advancing direction in real time, and there are deficiencies in terms of efficiency and accuracy, which cannot meet the engineering characteristics of many sudden and instantaneous accidents in deep underground engineering. Content of the Utility Model

[0004] Based on the above background, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a device for overburden movement monitoring. The device is arranged in the form of a horizontally distributed optical fiber array, which is beneficial to improving the real-time monitoring ability and accuracy of the overlying strata of the working face.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A device for overburden movement monitoring, the device includes a drill, an optical fiber, a grouting pipe, a plugging structure, a grouting pump, a signal conditioning circuit, a data acquisition box and a host computer; a horizontal drilling matrix of M rows and N columns is drilled at the intersection of the transportation roadway and the coal seam;

[0007] One optical fiber is arranged in each borehole, and all the optical fibers form an optical fiber array with M rows and N columns. The length of the borehole is not less than the preset advancing length of the working face, and the borehole spacing is not less than twice the borehole diameter R d ;

[0008] The grouting pipe 102 includes an upper pipe and a lower pipe. The lower pipe of the grouting pipe 102 is connected to the grouting pump 103. The lower pipe serves as the slurry inlet pipe 10201 for transporting high-pressure slurry, and the end of the lower pipe is connected to the grouting nozzle 10203; the upper pipe serves as the slurry return pipe 10202 for slurry return and exhaust; a sealing structure 104 is arranged on the grouting pipe 102, and the sealing structure 104 is in close fit with the outer wall surface of the grouting pipe 102, the outer wall surface of the optical fiber 105, and the inner wall surface of the borehole;

[0009] The slurry outlet 10204 of the slurry return pipe is made of a transparent material and is not less than 0.3 m above the top of the borehole 101; the grouting nozzle is 0.5 m from the bottom of the borehole;

[0010] A reinforced concrete reinforcement coating 7 is arranged at the grouting port;

[0011] A signal conditioning circuit 106 is installed inside the reinforced concrete reinforcement coating, and a data acquisition box 107 is arranged at the bottom of the reinforced concrete reinforcement coating. The output ends of all the optical fibers are connected to the data acquisition box through the signal conditioning circuit;

[0012] The data acquisition box is connected to the upper computer wirelessly.

[0013] Further, the optical fibers located on both sides in the optical fiber array with M rows and N columns adopt vibration-sensitive optical fibers for monitoring vibration data; the remaining optical fibers adopt temperature and strain-sensitive optical fibers for simultaneously monitoring temperature and strain data.

[0014] Further, steel bars are inserted into each borehole, and a section of the steel bars extends outside the borehole. The ends of the steel bars exposed outside the borehole are flat after insertion, and the steel bars are fixed by using a steel bar support or a fixing device; the wire mesh crosses each steel bar exposed outside the hole to form a mesh structure and is fixed; concrete is arranged outside the steel bars and the wire mesh to form a reinforced concrete reinforcement coating.

[0015] Further, the moving speed range of the sealing structure is:

[0016]

[0017] wherein, v represents the moving speed of the sealing structure, Q represents the flow rate of the grouting pump, R d represents the borehole diameter, and c represents the grouting error constant.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0019] The equipment of the present utility model conducts spatio-temporal continuous monitoring of the mechanical feedback of the floor rock stratum in deep coal seam mining based on horizontally distributed optical fibers, which is beneficial to discovering the weak parts of the overlying rock strata during the mining stage and the physical and mechanical changes of the overlying rock strata during the pre-mining stage, and is beneficial to further formulating a scientific and effective overlying rock stability plan for deep coal seam mining, so as to ensure the safe mining of deep coal seams. Description of the Drawings

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a construction schematic diagram of the optical fiber matrix layout in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the double-pipe grouting of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the optical fiber monitoring;

[0024] Figure 4 It is an internal structural schematic diagram of the data acquisition box of the present utility model.

[0025] In the figure: 1 - overlying rock; 2 - pre-mining coal seam; 3 - transportation roadway; 4 - excavation space; 5 - drill; 6 - mining equipment; 7 - reinforced concrete overlying layer;

[0026] 101 - drill hole; 102 - grouting pipe; 103 - grouting pump; 104 - sealing structure; 105 - optical fiber; 106 - signal conditioning circuit; 107 - data acquisition box;

[0027] 10201 - slurry inlet pipe; 10202 - slurry return pipe; 10203 - grouting nozzle; 10204 - slurry outlet;

[0028] 10701 - Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer; 10702 - microprocessor; 10703 - DC power supply; 10704 - uninterruptible power supply (UPS); 10705 - wireless transmission device; 10706 - alarm; 10707 - fixed support. Detailed Embodiments

[0029] The technical solution of the present utility model will be further specifically described below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the implementation of the present utility model is not limited to the following embodiments, and any formal modification and / or change made to the present utility model will fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0030] In the present utility model, unless otherwise specified, the equipment and raw materials used can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in the art. The methods in the following embodiments are conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified. The components or equipment in the following embodiments are general standard components or components known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified, and their structures and principles can all be known by those skilled in the art through technical manuals or obtained through conventional experimental methods.

[0031] The following makes a detailed description of the embodiments of the present utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, for the sake of explanation, many specific details are elaborated to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present utility model. However, one or more embodiments can also be implemented by those skilled in the art without these specific details.

[0032] The equipment of the present utility model for overburden movement monitoring (see Figures 1-3 ), the equipment includes a drill, an optical fiber, a grouting pipe, a plugging structure, a grouting pump, a signal conditioning circuit, a data acquisition box and a host computer; a horizontal drill hole matrix of M rows and M columns is drilled at the intersection of the transportation roadway and the coal seam;

[0033] An optical fiber is arranged in each drill hole, and all the optical fibers form an optical fiber array of M rows and N columns. The length of the drill hole is not less than the preset working face advance length, and the drill hole spacing is not less than twice the drill hole diameter R d ;

[0034] The grouting pipe 102 includes an upper pipe and a lower pipe. The lower pipe of the grouting pipe 102 is connected to the grouting pump 103. The lower pipe serves as the slurry inlet pipe 10201 for transporting high-pressure slurry, and the end of the lower pipe is connected to the grouting nozzle 10203; the upper pipe serves as the slurry return pipe 10202 for slurry return and exhaust; a plugging structure 104 is arranged on the grouting pipe 102, and the plugging structure 104 is in close contact with the outer wall surface of the grouting pipe 102, the outer wall surface of the optical fiber 105, and the inner wall surface of the drill hole;

[0035] The slurry outlet 10204 of the slurry return pipe is made of a transparent material and is not less than 0.3 m above the top of the drill hole 101; the grouting nozzle is 0.5 m from the bottom of the drill hole;

[0036] The grouting port is plugged, and a reinforced concrete reinforcement layer 7 is set;

[0037] Install the signal conditioning circuit 106 inside the reinforced concrete reinforcement cladding, and set up a data acquisition box 107 at the bottom of the reinforced concrete reinforcement cladding. The output ends of all optical fibers are connected to the data acquisition box through the signal conditioning circuit;

[0038] The data acquisition box is connected to the upper computer wirelessly.

[0039] The process of monitoring the overburden movement by the above equipment is as follows:

[0040] S01. According to the geological conditions of each underground rock stratum and coal seam, arrange an optical fiber matrix in the overburden of the pre-mining coal seam;

[0041] S02. Collect multi-parameter data based on the optical fiber matrix and transmit it to the data acquisition box for preprocessing, and then transmit it to the upper computer through the wireless data interface;

[0042] S03. Perform unified scale processing on the multi-parameter data, conduct data visualization, analysis and classification management to form a dynamically updated multi-source spatial database;

[0043] S04. Train a machine learning model based on the temperature, strain and vibration history data in the multi-source spatial database, and use the trained machine learning model to monitor the real-time data;

[0044] S04. Combine the predicted values of temperature, strain and vibration with the preset safety performance index threshold to conduct safety early warning. The specific threshold setting can be determined according to the actual project or experience.

[0045] Before mining, in the transportation roadway, conduct excavation at the preset mining face position. The excavation direction is opposite to the mining direction, and the excavation length L E meets the requirements of drill construction and turning around, and the excavation width W E is greater than the preset mining width W e , and the excavation height H E is greater than the preset mining height H e , satisfying:

[0046] W E ≥W e +a

[0047] H R ≥H e +γ d ×R d ×M+b

[0048] Among them, L E represents the excavation length, H E represents the excavation height, W e represents the mining width, H e represents the mining height, γ dIt represents the drilling safety factor, which is a constant greater than 1 and is assigned according to the engineering environment; M represents the number of rows of the drill holes, and R d represents the drill hole diameter; a and b are the working adaptation dimensions of the drill rig and are assigned according to the size of the drill rig;

[0049] At the excavation position, above the preset working face, equally spaced drill holes are drilled along the advancing direction of the working face to form a drill hole matrix of M rows and N columns. The length of the drill holes is not less than the advancing length of the preset working face, and the spacing is not less than twice the drill hole diameter R d , ensuring no optical crosstalk; M is a natural number, and N is an integer not less than 3;

[0050] After the drill holes are completed, a horizontal optical fiber is arranged in each drill hole. All the optical fibers form an optical fiber matrix, and grouting backfilling is carried out. The optical fiber is wrapped with a flexible sleeve or coated with an anti-corrosion material.

[0051] The utility model can evaluate the overall structural health status of overlying strata according to the prediction results of the machine learning model, and based on the evaluation results, it is used to guide the mining range and mining method.

[0052] Embodiment 1

[0053] The equipment for overlying strata migration monitoring in this embodiment includes a drill rig, an optical fiber, a grouting pipe, a sealing structure, a grouting pump, a signal conditioning circuit, a data acquisition box, and a host computer; at the intersection of the transportation roadway and the coal seam, a horizontal drill hole matrix of M rows and 1 column is excavated,

[0054] One optical fiber is arranged in each drill hole, and all the optical fibers form an optical fiber array of M rows and N columns. The length of the drill holes is not less than the advancing length of the preset working face, and the drill hole spacing is not less than twice the drill hole diameter R d ;

[0055] The grouting pipe 102 includes an upper pipe and a lower pipe. The lower pipe of the grouting pipe 102 is connected to the grouting pump 103. The lower pipe serves as the slurry inlet pipe 10201 for transporting high-pressure slurry, and the end of the lower pipe is connected to the grouting nozzle 10203; the upper pipe serves as the slurry return pipe 10202 for slurry return and exhaust; a sealing structure 104 is arranged on the grouting pipe 102, and the sealing structure 104 is in close contact with the outer wall surface of the grouting pipe 102, the outer wall surface of the optical fiber 105, and the inner wall surface of the drill hole;

[0056] The slurry outlet 10204 of the slurry return pipe is made of a transparent material and is not less than 0.3 m above the top of the drill hole 101; the grouting nozzle is 0.5 m from the bottom of the drill hole;

[0057] Seal the grouting port and construct a reinforced concrete reinforcement coating 7. The specific operation is as follows: Clean the debris on the overburden rock wall, insert steel bars into each drill hole, with a certain length of the steel bars protruding outside the drill holes. After inserting the steel bars, the ends of the steel bars protruding outside the drill holes are flat, and fix the steel bars using steel bar supports or fixing devices; Cross the wire mesh through each steel bar protruding outside the hole to form a mesh structure and fix it; Set a concrete layer outside the steel bars and the wire mesh to form a reinforced concrete reinforcement coating;

[0058] Install a signal conditioning circuit 106 inside the reinforced concrete reinforcement coating, and set a data acquisition box 107 at the bottom of the reinforced concrete reinforcement coating. The output ends of all optical fibers are connected to the data acquisition box through the signal conditioning circuit;

[0059] The data acquisition box is connected to the upper computer wirelessly.

[0060] The geological conditions of the coal mining face include structural data and physical data such as overburden rock and coal seams; Exemplarily, it includes data such as the thickness, compressive strength, and cohesion of the roof, rock strata, and coal seams; For the reasonable accuracy of the data, the physical parameters and structural configurations of the roof, rock strata, and coal seams of the coal mining face can be obtained according to the comprehensive columnar stratification map of the coal mining area working face or by observing with a borehole peephole through the drill holes; Calculate and determine the required drill hole parameters based on the on-site geological conditions and the characteristics of overburden rock failure in the stope, including the following parameters:

[0061] The drill hole inclination angle α = 0°, which is a horizontal drill hole; The hole depth L 0 = 60m, which is the pre-mining length; The hole diameter R d = 0.1m, which can accommodate the optical fiber and its protective sleeve, and leave enough space for backfill reinforcement; The number of drill hole rows M = 1, and the number of columns N = 9, forming a 1-row and 9-column optical fiber matrix. The cross-section of the goaf tunnel can be simplified as a consolidated arch. Based on the vibration at a point on the arch, the vibration at any position on the arch can be obtained. Therefore, vibration-sensitive optical fibers are arranged only in any one of the holes at both ends, and temperature-strain-sensitive optical fibers that can simultaneously monitor temperature and strain are arranged in the remaining holes; The hole spacing S = 0.5n; The vertical distance H from the bottom of the drill hole to the coal seam 0 = 0.5m.

[0062] As Figure 1 shown, at the intersection of the transportation roadway 3 and the coal seam, excavation is carried out at the preset mining working face position. The excavation direction is opposite to the mining direction, and the excavation length L E satisfies the construction and turning around of the drilling rig, and the excavation width W E is slightly larger than the preset mining width W e , and the excavation height H E is larger than the preset mining height H e , and the drilling safety factor γ is taken according to the engineering environment of the mine roadway d= 5, taking the working adaptation dimensions of the drill rig as a = 1.5 m (width) and b = 0.9 m (height), the dimensions of the excavation space 4 are as follows:

[0063] L E = 9 m

[0064] W E = W e + a = 8 m + 1.5 m = 9.5 m

[0065] H E = H e + γ d × R d + b = 3.6 m + 5 × 0.1 m + 0.9 m = 5 m

[0066] After the construction is completed, the drill holes are uniformly arranged in the horizontal direction of the overlying rock at the same interval from the cutting eye position in the vertical direction of the overlying rock to the stop line position. In this embodiment, it is a single-row layout.

[0067] As Figure 2 shown, an optical fiber 105 is arranged in the drill hole 101. Double-pipe segmented grouting backfilling is adopted. The grouting pipe 102 includes an upper pipe and a lower pipe. The lower pipe connected to the grouting pump 103 inside the grouting pipe 102 serves as the grout inlet pipe 10201 for transporting high-pressure grout, and the end is connected to the grouting nozzle 10203, which can spray high-pressure grout; the upper pipe serves as the return grout pipe 10202 for return grout and exhaust; a sealing structure 104 is arranged on the grouting pipe 102. The sealing structure 104 is in close contact with the outer wall surface of the grouting pipe 102, the outer wall surface of the optical fiber 105, and the inner wall surface of the drill hole, and can seal the grouting position during each grouting section. The outlet 10204 of the return grout pipe is made of a transparent material and is 0.3 m higher than the top of the drill hole 101; the grouting nozzle 10203 is inserted deep into the drill hole 101, and the grouting nozzle is about 0.5 m away from the bottom of the drill hole. The sealing structure 104 is activated (the driving mechanism is arranged outside the drill hole), and the grouting pump 103 is used to spray the grout through the grout inlet pipe 10201 at a constant flow rate from the grouting nozzle 10203 to ensure that the grout can be evenly distributed on the drill hole wall. When grout flows out from the return grout pipe 10202, the sealing structure 104 is moved outward at a constant speed v. Taking the grouting error constant c = 0.005 m / s, the speed v satisfies:

[0068] 0.02149 m / s ≤ v ≤ 0.03149 m / s

[0069] After the sealing structure 104 moves 5 m outward from the hole, the grouting pipe 102 is slowly withdrawn by the same distance (the same as the distance the sealing structure moves outward) to reduce the disturbance to the surrounding soil and avoid grout loss. Repeat the above operations until the drill hole grouting backfilling is completed.

[0070] During the slurry return process, since it is horizontal grouting, slurry may enter the return pipe 10202 at the beginning of grouting and flow to the borehole outlet. However, the outflow state at this time is not full-pipe liquid discharge, and the grouting is not completed. Only when the slurry level in the return pipe 10202 is 0.2 m higher than the top of the borehole (a visible pipe can be set and a high limit can be set, or a liquid level gauge can be added to monitor the distance from the top of the borehole), is it considered that the grouting of this section is completed.

[0071] After the grouting backfill is completed, the grouting port is blocked, and a reinforced concrete reinforcement coating 7 is constructed. The specific operation is as follows: Clean the debris on the covered rock wall, and insert a 0.5 m long HRB500 steel bar (ensuring not to scratch the optical fiber, with an arbitrary position) into each borehole. The part exposed outside the hole is about 0.2 m long. Ensure that the end of the steel bar inserted outside the hole is flat, and temporarily fix the steel bar with a steel bar bracket or other fixing devices to prevent displacement; Cross a wire mesh with a width of 0.22 m through each steel bar exposed outside the hole to form a mesh structure. Use wire or special ties to wind the wire mesh around the steel bar twice and tie it to ensure that the wire mesh is tightly combined with the steel bar to form a stable skeleton; Build a formwork outside the steel bar and wire mesh skeleton and pour concrete to form a reinforced concrete reinforcement coating.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] As Figure 3 shown, a signal conditioning circuit 106 is reserved for pipeline installation inside the reinforced concrete reinforcement coating at the borehole outlet and is connected to the data acquisition box 107 at the bottom of the coating. All signals monitored by the optical fibers 105 pass through the signal conditioning circuit 106 to amplify and convert the signals and transmit them to the data acquisition box 107. The data acquisition method is specifically as follows: According to the advancement plan of the coal seam working face, the first data acquisition is carried out before mining to obtain the initial background values such as the strain and displacement of the overlying strata of the coal seam before mining. When the working face is advancing, it is required to collect the strain data of each optical fiber in real time. The data acquisition frequency is set to 1 time / minute, and the difference is made with the initial background value to obtain the true strain value of the coal seam floor strata caused by mining influence; The monitoring frequency is set to 1 time / day during the construction interval.

[0074] The selected distributed optical fiber has a total of 5 layers of structure, from the inside to the outside are quartz bare fiber, polymer protection coating, metal wire skeleton layer, fiber layer, and polymer outer protection layer.

[0075] As Figure 4As shown in the figure, inside the data acquisition box 107, there are a Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer 10701, a microprocessor 10702, a DC power supply 10703, an uninterruptible power supply 10704, a wireless transmission device 10705, an alarm 10706 and a fixed support 10707. The fixed support 10707 is used to be fixedly connected to the reinforced concrete cladding 7. After the signal enters the data acquisition box 107, first, the result output by the signal conditioning circuit is demodulated by the Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer 10701 for the received optical signal and converted into an electrical signal. Then, the electrical signal is further processed and analyzed by the microprocessor 10702 of the STM32F103C8T6 model to eliminate random noise, correct errors, process lost or incomplete data records, and perform preprocessing of data format conversion. During this process, the DC power supply 10703 and the uninterruptible power supply 10704 provide stable power support for the entire system to ensure that the data acquisition box can continue to work even when the main power supply (DC power supply 10703) is interrupted. After the data processing is completed, the wireless transmission device 10705 wirelessly transmits the processed data to the host computer, and the communication protocol uses LoRaWAN.

[0076] Embodiment 3

[0077] In this embodiment, a data management module is provided in the host computer, including a data reception sub-module, a data processing sub-module, a classification storage sub-module and a background management sub-module. The data reception sub-module requires a high-speed network interface card (NIC) and an optical fiber receiver to process the reception of a large amount of data streams. The data processing sub-module is built-in with a high-performance multi-core CPU to execute complex data processing tasks, and is equipped with a temporary memory for fast processing and temporary data storage. The classification storage sub-module is built-in with a solid-state drive (SSD) and a network attached storage (NAS), as well as a distributed file system and a database cluster. The background management sub-module includes a server CPU, sufficient RAM and a persistent storage solution. In addition, network devices such as routers and switches are required to maintain communication between systems.

[0078] Embodiment 4

[0079] In this embodiment, the data receiving sub-module is used to receive the data stream from the fiber optic matrix. The data processing sub-module is used to perform pre-processing on the data stream of the fiber optic matrix, including data screening and cleaning, removing error readings and outliers, data normalization, data encoding and compression, etc. The pre-processed data includes strain data, temperature data, and vibration data. The classification and storage sub-module is used to load the data pre-processed by the data processing sub-module into the multi-source spatial database, and according to the predefined classification and indexing rules, load the three types of data into the corresponding sub-databases respectively, classify and store the data, and back up the data in the cloud. The background management sub-module is responsible for monitoring, configuring, and maintaining the data management system, and visualizing the data. This series of modules and steps jointly ensure the smooth operation of the data management module and the effective management of data.

[0080] The data processing sub-module can perform in-depth processing on the data, including transformation, feature extraction, and data mining, to ensure that the subsequent modules can process the data more efficiently. In addition to saving the data of this project, the classification and storage sub-module also saves the mining data of other projects, which should also include strain data, temperature data, vibration data, geological parameters, and mining intensity, etc., and is equipped with an indexing and tagging system to improve the efficiency of data retrieval and access, and ensures the security and integrity of the data by implementing redundancy and backup strategies. The background management sub-module provides a user interface through which administrators can conduct data audits, access control, monitor system performance, troubleshoot problems, and are responsible for scheduling data analysis tasks, and can also interact with external systems through APIs.

[0081] Embodiment 5

[0082] In this embodiment, the machine learning model is a hybrid model containing a recurrent neural network and a feedforward neural network. Among them, the recurrent neural network is responsible for processing strain data, temperature data, and vibration data, extracting key features from the time series data, capturing the dynamic changes during the mining process, and outputting a high-dimensional context vector; the feedforward neural network performs secondary processing on the high-dimensional context vector based on spatial features such as geological parameters and static data such as mining intensity. The output of the machine learning model is the predicted data of overburden strain, temperature, and vibration in the future for a period of time.

[0083] The training set for model training includes strain data, temperature data, vibration data, geological parameters, and mining intensity, etc.

[0084] Based on the real-time monitoring data and the prediction results of the machine learning model, the overall structural health status of the overlying rock can be comprehensively evaluated. The output of the machine learning model reflects the prediction indicators (strain data, temperature data, vibration data) of the overlying rock for a period of time in the future. This process realizes the real-time monitoring and early warning of the health status of the overlying rock, helps to discover potential safety hazards in advance, thus effectively preventing accidents and ensuring the safe production of the mine.

[0085] The machine learning model, classification management, visualization and other algorithm software in the present utility model can all be realized by existing technologies.

[0086] Specific examples are applied in this article to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present utility model. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the present utility model. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present utility model, several improvements and modifications can also be made to the present utility model, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present utility model.

[0087] Matters not described in the present utility model are applicable to existing technologies.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring overburden migration, characterized in that: The equipment includes a drilling machine, an optical fiber, a grouting pipe, a plugging structure, a grouting pump, a signal conditioning circuit, a data acquisition box and a host computer; a horizontal drilling matrix with M rows and N columns is excavated at the intersection of the transport tunnel and the coal seam; An optical fiber is arranged in each borehole, and all optical fibers form an optical fiber array of M rows and N columns. The borehole length is not less than the preset working surface advancement length, and the borehole spacing is not less than twice the borehole diameter R d ; The grouting pipe comprises an upper pipe and a lower pipe, the lower pipe of the grouting pipe is connected to the grouting pump, the lower pipe is used as a grouting inlet pipe for conveying high-pressure slurry, and the end of the lower pipe is connected to the grouting nozzle; the upper pipe is used as a grouting return pipe for grouting return and exhaust; a plugging structure is provided on the grouting pipe, and the plugging structure is closely fitted with the outer wall surface of the grouting pipe, the outer wall surface of the optical fiber, and the inner wall surface of the drilled hole; The grout outlet of the grout return pipe is made of transparent material and is at least 0.3m above the top of the borehole; the grouting nozzle is 0.5m away from the bottom of the borehole; Provide a reinforced concrete reinforcement cover at the grouting port; A signal conditioning circuit is installed inside the reinforced concrete reinforcement covering, a data acquisition box is set at the bottom of the reinforced concrete reinforcement covering, and the output ends of all optical fibers are connected to the data acquisition box through the signal conditioning circuit; The data acquisition box is connected to the host computer via wireless.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The optical fibers at both sides of the optical fiber array of M rows and N columns are vibration-sensitive optical fibers for monitoring vibration data; the remaining optical fibers are temperature-strain-sensitive optical fibers for simultaneously monitoring temperature and strain data.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that Rebars are inserted into each drilled hole, with the rebars protruding from the outside of the drilled hole for a certain distance. After the rebars are inserted, the ends of the rebars protruding from the drilled hole are flat, and the rebars are fixed with rebar supports or fixing devices; wire meshes are crossed through each rebar protruding from the hole to form a mesh structure and fixed; concrete is placed outside the rebars and wire meshes to form a reinforced concrete covering.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The moving speed range of the blocking structure is: Where v represents the moving speed of the plugging structure, Q represents the flow rate of the grouting pump, and R d represents the borehole diameter, and c represents the grouting error constant.

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