Lock washer controlled by elastic piece
By designing a loose-loose gasket controlled by the shrapnel consisting of the upper layer washer, the lower layer washer, the anti-loose sleeve and the spring, the existing anti-loose gasket has poor anti-loose effect in vibration places and the difficulty in disassembling fasteners, achieving efficient anti-loose and stable fastening effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422494097.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-03
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-10-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing anti-loosening washers are not good for use in vibration sites, and the thread inclination angle of the fastener makes it difficult to disassemble and may damage the thread or cause the screw to break.
A set of anti-loose gaskets controlled by shrapnel consisting of upper gaskets, lower gaskets, anti-loose sleeves and springs is designed. The anti-loosening teeth of the upper and lower washers are embedded in bolts or nuts when fastening, and use the design of springs and shrapnel to achieve one-way rotation to ensure self-locking and unlocking of the fasteners.
It effectively prevents loosening in vibrating places, avoids thread damage and disassembly difficulties, and ensures the stability and safety of the fasteners.
Smart Images
Figure CN222937078U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of fasteners and is a set of spring-piece controlled anti-loosening washers, which are composed of an upper-layer washer, a lower-layer washer, an anti-loosening sleeve and a spring. Background Art
[0002] Washers are used as auxiliary parts in the field of fasteners and can be found everywhere. Whether it is domestically produced flat washers, spring washers, or imported disc-shaped double-layer self-locking washers, etc. They have different shapes, but they have only one purpose, which is to assist bolts and nuts in tightening the objects that need to be tightened and prevent the objects from loosening.
[0003] Domestic flat washers increase the friction area between the nut and the clamped object, generating a certain resistance between the nut and the clamped object; spring washers use their own elasticity to generate expansion force between the nut and the clamped object; imported disc-shaped double-layer self-locking washers are composed of two identical washers, each with a radial convex surface on the outside for embedding the contacting object, and a beveled tooth surface on the inside. The inclination angle α of the inner beveled tooth surface is greater than the inclination angle β of the thread, and the expansion force is generated between the nut and the clamped object by using the angle α greater than β.
[0004] From the perspective of anti-loosening effect, domestically produced flat washers and spring washers have almost no anti-loosening effect when used in places with vibration. Imported disc-shaped double-layer self-locking washers have a certain anti-loosening effect when used in places with vibration. However, there are also certain disadvantages, that is, the thread inclination angle β of the fastener must be smaller than the inclination angle α of the bevel tooth surface between the two disc-shaped double-layer self-locking washers. The inclination angle α of the inner bevel tooth surface is greater than the value of the thread inclination angle β and the value of the bevel tooth surface width, which determines the level of anti-loosening effect. Small values have poor anti-loosening effect, and large values make disassembly difficult. Theoretical and practical tests show that excessive reverse torque can damage the thread at the least, or even break the screw.
[0005] As we all know, the purpose of fasteners is to facilitate the free combination and separation of two or more objects. Violating the purpose of fasteners, all "self-locking" devices must have an "unlocking" method, otherwise, it is not as firm as using an electric welder to lightly tighten.
[0006] An ideal set of lock washers, when encountering the squeeze of nuts or bolts, does not rotate on the screw rod and carve a scratch on the surface of the object it encounters. Instead, it moves linearly on the screw rod until it embeds into the object it encounters, making the two become one.
[0007] An ideal set of anti-loosening washers should not cause destructive damage to the bolts and nuts during use.
[0008] An ideal set of lock washers should be easy to install and simple to disassemble.
[0009] An ideal set of lock washers should be reasonably designed and low-cost.
[0010] From the anti-loosening principle of the above-mentioned disc-shaped double-layer self-locking washer, two disc-shaped double-layer self-locking washers are connected by multiple stepped helical teeth. When subjected to the extrusion of a bolt or nut, the disc-shaped double-layer self-locking washer will rotate together with the nut or bolt. Here comes the problem. Since the disc-shaped double-layer self-locking washer rotates together with the nut or bolt, the convex lines on the disc-shaped double-layer self-locking washer will not move linearly and embed into the surface of the adjacent object. Instead, it will scratch a groove on the surface of the adjacent object. Experiments and theoretical data confirm that the resistance of the washer during fastening and embedding is much greater than the resistance of the scratch. To put it clearly: embedding can combine the two into one! Scratching cannot!
[0011] To overcome the defects of existing products, the inventor has improved the design of the scheme countless times and designed a set of lock washers controlled by elastic pieces, which has a simple structure and low cost. Summary of the Invention
[0012] The purpose of the present utility model is to design a set of lock washers controlled by elastic pieces to solve the problems existing in the existing lock washers.
[0013] A set of lock washers controlled by elastic pieces is composed of an upper washer, a lower washer, a lock sleeve, a spring, etc.
[0014] The front of the upper washer is provided with anti-loosening teeth for embedding the adjacent object. When the hardness of the adjacent object is comparable to that of the anti-loosening teeth, an anti-loosening glue can be applied to the anti-loosening teeth to bond the adjacent object. The back is a smooth surface for reducing friction with the adjacent object. The base of the upper washer is polygonal to control the rotation of the upper washer.
[0015] The front of the lower washer is provided with anti-loosening teeth for embedding the adjacent object. When the hardness of the adjacent object is comparable to that of the anti-loosening teeth, an anti-loosening glue can be applied to the anti-loosening teeth to bond the adjacent object. The back is a smooth surface for reducing friction with the adjacent object. There is a circle of elastic piece positioning grooves on the outside of the base of the lower washer, which is designed based on the principle of a ratchet for the elastic piece at one end of the lock sleeve.
[0016] One end of the lock sleeve is a polygonal positioning groove for the upper washer or a polygonal nut; the other end is an elastic piece, which is designed based on the principle of a pawl. The elastic piece is supported in the elastic piece positioning groove on the outside of the base of the lower washer, and can control the lock sleeve and the things in the polygonal positioning groove at one end of the lock sleeve to rotate unidirectionally.
[0017] The spring mentioned above supports the movement of the anti-loosening sleeve. When the anti-loosening sleeve is pushed forcefully, the spring is compressed. As the anti-loosening sleeve moves in the direction of spring compression, the elastic piece at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve will leave the elastic piece positioning groove on the outside of the lower washer. At this time, the things in the polygonal positioning groove at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve will lose the control of one-way rotation.
[0018] In summary, the working principle of a set of anti-loosening washers controlled by elastic pieces is as follows: when the upper washer is squeezed, it makes a linear movement, embeds into the adjacent object, and forms an integral body with the adjacent object; the polygonal positioning groove at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve is used to install the upper washer or polygonal nut, and under the action of the screw, they form an integral body. The elastic piece at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve is supported in the elastic piece positioning groove on the outside of the lower washer, and under the action of the screw, it controls the anti-loosening sleeve and the things in the polygonal positioning groove at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve to rotate in one direction. Otherwise, the elastic piece at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve leaves the elastic piece positioning groove on the outside of the lower washer, and the anti-loosening sleeve and the things in the polygonal positioning groove at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve will lose the control of one-way rotation.
[0019] A set of anti-loosening washers controlled by elastic pieces is composed of an upper washer, an anti-loosening sleeve, a lower washer and a spring. Its characteristics are that the front of the upper washer has anti-loosening teeth, the back of the upper washer is a smooth surface, the base of the upper washer is polygonal, one end of the anti-loosening sleeve is a polygonal positioning groove, the other end of the anti-loosening sleeve is an elastic piece, the front of the lower washer has anti-loosening teeth, the back of the lower washer is a smooth surface, and there is an elastic piece positioning groove on the outside of the lower washer. The upper washer is installed in the polygonal positioning groove at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve. The anti-loosening teeth on the front of the upper washer face the inner hexagon bolt. The smooth surface on the back of the upper washer faces the smooth surface on the back of the lower washer. Applying a layer of anti-loosening glue on the anti-loosening teeth on the front of the upper washer can be used to fasten some objects with comparable hardness and not easy to embed. In the polygonal positioning groove at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve, the upper washer or polygonal nut and the external hexagon bolt are installed. The elastic piece at the other end of the anti-loosening sleeve is supported in the elastic piece positioning groove on the outside of the lower washer. The design of the elastic piece is based on the principle of ratchet pawl. It is supported in the elastic piece positioning groove on the outside of the lower washer to control the one-way rotation of the anti-loosening sleeve and the things in the polygonal positioning groove at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve. The polygonal positioning groove at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve can be hexagonal or triangular, quadrilateral, pentagonal, etc. The smooth surface on the back of the lower washer faces the smooth surface on the back of the upper washer. The anti-loosening teeth on the front of the lower washer face the object to be clamped. The elastic piece positioning groove on the outside of the lower washer is for the elastic piece at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve. Applying a layer of anti-loosening glue on the anti-loosening teeth on the front of the lower washer can be used to fasten some objects with comparable hardness and not easy to embed, or objects with too high hardness and easy to break. The design of the elastic piece positioning groove on the outside of the lower washer is based on the principle of ratchet. When the elastic piece at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve is supported in the elastic piece positioning groove on the outside of the lower washer, it controls the anti-loosening sleeve and the things in the polygonal positioning groove at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve to rotate in one direction. To achieve the "self-locking" of a set of anti-loosening washers controlled by elastic pieces.
[0020] When disassembly is required, push the anti-loosening sleeve, forcing the spring to compress. Move the anti-loosening sleeve in the direction of spring compression, and the elastic piece at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve will leave the elastic piece positioning groove on the outside of the lower washer. At this time, the things in the polygonal positioning groove at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve will lose the control of unidirectional rotation. The "unlocking" of the anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces is realized. Brief Description of the Drawings
[0021] The following further describes the present utility model in detail with reference to the drawings and embodiments.
[0022] Figure 1 is an exploded view of an anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces and using an internal hexagonal bolt.
[0023] Figure 2 is a top view of the upper washer of an anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces.
[0024] Figure 3 is a bottom view of the upper washer of an anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces.
[0025] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional view of the upper washer of an anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces.
[0026] Figure 5 is a top view of the anti-loosening sleeve of an anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces.
[0027] Figure 6 is a bottom view of the anti-loosening sleeve of an anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces.
[0028] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional view of the anti-loosening sleeve of an anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces.
[0029] Figure 8 is a top view of the lower washer of an anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces.
[0030] Figure 9 is a bottom view of the lower washer of an anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces.
[0031] Figure 10 is a three-dimensional view of the lower washer of an anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces.
[0032] Figure 11 is a three-dimensional view of the spring of an anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces.
[0033] Figure 12 is a three-dimensional view of a polygonal nut.
[0034] Figure 13 is a three-dimensional view of an internal hexagonal bolt.
[0035] Figure 14It is a three-dimensional view of an external hexagonal bolt.
[0036] Figure 15 It is an installation schematic diagram of a set of spring washer controlled by elastic pieces, and the fastener uses an internal hexagonal bolt 6.
[0037] Figure 16 It is Figure 15 The sectional view. As can be seen in the figure, after the installation of a set of spring washer controlled by elastic pieces, the anti-loosening teeth 11 on the front of the upper washer are embedded in the internal hexagonal bolt 6, and the anti-loosening teeth 31 of the lower washer are embedded in the clamped object 8. One end of the elastic piece 22 of the spring washer is supported in the elastic piece positioning groove 33 on the outside of the lower washer.
[0038] Figure 17 It is an exploded view of a set of spring washer controlled by elastic pieces, using an external hexagonal bolt 7 and a polygonal nut 5.
[0039] Figure 18 It is an installation schematic diagram of a set of spring washer controlled by elastic pieces, using an external hexagonal bolt 7 and a polygonal nut 5.
[0040] In the figure, 1 is the upper washer, 11 are the anti-loosening teeth on the front of the upper washer, 12 is the smooth surface on the back of the upper washer; 2 is the anti-loosening sleeve, 21 is the polygonal positioning groove at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve, 22 is the elastic piece at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve; 3 is the lower washer, 31 are the anti-loosening teeth on the front of the lower washer, 32 is the flat surface on the back of the lower washer, 33 is the elastic piece positioning groove on the outside of the lower washer; 4 is the spring; 5 is the polygonal nut; 6 is the internal hexagonal bolt; 7 is the external hexagonal bolt; 8 is the clamped object; 9 is the fixed base.
[0041] Note: As can be seen from Figure 1 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 , when the fastener uses the internal hexagonal bolt 6, for a set of spring washer controlled by elastic pieces, the upper washer 1 should be used. Install the upper washer 1 in the polygonal positioning groove 21 of the anti-loosening sleeve, and the anti-loosening teeth 11 on the front of the upper washer face the internal hexagonal bolt 6. As can be seen from Figure 17 and Figure 18 , when the fastener uses the external hexagonal bolt 7 and the polygonal nut 5, the upper washer 1 can be omitted. Similarly: When replacing the internal hexagonal bolt 6 with the external hexagonal bolt 7 in Figure 1 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 , the upper washer 1 can also be omitted. Embodiment
[0042] To make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions adopted and the achieved technical effects clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0043] Implementation method 1, starting from Figure 1 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 It can be seen that when the fastener uses an internal hexagon bolt 6, for a set of lock washers controlled by elastic washers, the components used are: upper washer 1, anti-loosening sleeve 2, lower washer 3, spring 4, internal hexagon bolt 6, clamped object 8, and fixed base 9. The installation and usage method is as follows: First step, orient the anti-loosening teeth 11 on the front side of the upper washer towards the internal hexagon bolt 6. Second step, install the upper washer 1 in the polygonal positioning groove 21 at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve. Third step, align the elastic washer 22 at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve with the elastic washer support groove 33 on the outer side of the lower washer, so that the elastic washer 22 at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve supports in the elastic washer positioning groove 33 on the outer side of the lower washer, and the anti-loosening teeth 31 of the lower washer face the clamped object 8. Fourth step, put the spring 4 on the lower washer 3. Fifth step, sequentially pass the internal hexagon bolt 6 through the upper washer 1, anti-loosening sleeve 2, lower washer 3, spring 4, and clamped object 8, and fasten them to the fixed base 9.
[0044] Because in the above assembly method, the anti-loosening teeth 11 on the front side of the upper washer face the internal hexagon bolt 6; the anti-loosening teeth 31 on the front side of the lower washer face the clamped object 8, and the smooth surface 12 on the reverse side of the upper washer is close to the flat surface 32 on the reverse side of the lower washer. Therefore, when rotating the internal hexagon bolt 6 to squeeze towards the fixed base 9, the upper washer 1 and the lower washer 3 will not rotate on the screw along with the rotation of the internal hexagon bolt 6. Instead, they will move linearly on the screw of the internal hexagon bolt 6. Eventually, it forces the anti-loosening teeth 11 on the front side of the upper washer to embed into the contact surface of the internal hexagon bolt 6 and form an integral body with the internal hexagon bolt 6. The anti-loosening teeth 31 on the front side of the lower washer embed into the contact surface of the clamped object 8 and form an integral body with the clamped object 8.
[0045] Because the upper washer 1 is installed in the polygonal positioning groove 21 at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve, the upper washer 1 and the anti-loosening sleeve 2 can be regarded as forming an integral body.
[0046] The elastic washer 22 at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve supports in the elastic washer positioning groove 33 on the outer side of the lower washer. Under the action of the screw, the anti-loosening sleeve 2 and the lower washer 3 can only rotate in one direction and cannot rotate in two directions. This is because the elastic washer 22 at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve is designed based on the principle of a ratchet pawl, and the elastic washer positioning groove 33 on the outer side of the lower washer is a ratchet design.
[0047] Based on the above-mentioned "two forming an integral body" and "one one-way rotation", it is not difficult to understand the anti-loosening principle that a set of lock washers controlled by elastic washers can only be clamped in the forward direction and cannot be loosened in the reverse direction. The "self-locking" of a set of lock washers controlled by elastic washers is realized.
[0048] When disassembly is required, push the anti-loosening sleeve 2 to force the spring 4 to compress. Move the anti-loosening sleeve 2 in the direction of spring 4 compression, and the elastic piece 22 at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve will leave the elastic piece positioning groove 33 on the outer side of the lower washer. At this time, the things in the polygonal positioning groove 21 at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve will lose the control of one-way rotation. The "unlocking" of the anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces is realized.
[0049] Note: In the implementation method one, when the hexagon socket head cap screw 6 is replaced by the hexagon bolt 7, the hexagon bolt 7 replaces the upper washer 1, and the upper washer 1 can be omitted.
[0050] Implementation method two, from Figure 17 and Figure 18 It can be seen that when the fasteners adopt the hexagon bolt 7 and the polygonal nut 5, the components used for the anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces are: the anti-loosening sleeve 2, the lower washer 3, the spring 4, the polygonal nut 5, the hexagon bolt 7, the clamped object 8 and the fixed base 9. The installation and use methods are as follows: First step, install the polygonal nut 5 in the polygonal positioning groove 21 at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve. Second step, align the elastic piece 22 at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve with the elastic piece support groove 33 on the outer side of the lower washer, and make the elastic piece 22 at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve support in the elastic piece support groove 33 on the outer side of the lower washer. Third step, put the spring 4 on the lower washer 3. Fourth step, put the fixed base 9 and the clamped object 8 on the screw rod of the hexagon bolt 7, and then put the components completed in the third, second, and first steps on the screw rod of the hexagon bolt 7 in sequence. Fifth step, rotate the polygonal nut 5 to approach the hexagon bolt 7, forcing the anti-loosening teeth 31 on the front surface of the lower washer to embed into the contact surface of the clamped object 8, so that the lower washer 3 and the clamped object 8 form an integral body.
[0051] Because the polygonal nut 5 is installed in the polygonal positioning groove 21 of the anti-loosening sleeve, the polygonal nut 5 and the anti-loosening sleeve 2 can be regarded as forming an integral body under the action of the hexagon bolt 7.
[0052] The elastic piece 22 at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve supports in the elastic piece positioning groove 33 on the outer side of the lower washer. The anti-loosening sleeve 2 and the lower washer 3 can only rotate in one direction and cannot rotate in two directions under the action of the hexagon bolt 7. This is because the elastic piece 22 at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve is designed based on the principle of ratchet pawl, and the elastic piece positioning groove 33 on the outer side of the lower washer is designed based on the principle of ratchet wheel.
[0053] Based on the above-mentioned "two forming an integral body" and "one one-way rotation", it is not difficult to understand the anti-loosening principle that the anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces can only be clamped in the forward direction and cannot be loosened in the reverse direction. The "self-locking" of the anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces is realized.
[0054] When disassembly is required, push the anti-loosening sleeve 2 to force the spring 4 to compress. Move the anti-loosening sleeve 2 in the direction of spring 4 compression, and the elastic piece 22 at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve will leave the elastic piece positioning groove 33 on the outside of the lower washer. At this time, the things in the polygonal positioning groove 21 at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve will lose the control of unidirectional rotation. The "unlocking" of the anti-loosening washer controlled by a set of elastic pieces is realized.
[0055] Note: The polygonal nut, polygonal bolt, and polygonal base mentioned refer to their outer shapes, and these outer shapes can also be polygons such as triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, etc. The outer shape of the internal hexagonal bolt 6 is cylindrical, and the outer shapes of the polygonal nut 5 and the external hexagonal bolt 7 are both polygonal.
Claims
1. A set of spring-loaded anti-loosening washers, comprising an upper washer (1), an anti-loosening sleeve (2), a lower washer (3) and a spring (4), characterized in that: The front side of the upper gasket (1) is provided with anti-loosening teeth (11), the back side of the upper gasket is a smooth surface (12), one end of the anti-loosening sleeve is a polygonal positioning groove (21), the other end of the anti-loosening sleeve is a spring sheet (22), the front side of the lower gasket is provided with anti-loosening teeth (31), the back side of the lower gasket is a flat surface (32), and the outer side of the lower gasket is provided with a spring sheet positioning groove (33).
2. A set of spring-loaded locking washers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper gasket (1) is installed in the polygonal positioning groove (21) at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve, the anti-loosening teeth (11) on the front side of the upper gasket face the hexagon socket bolt (6), and the smooth surface (12) on the back side of the upper gasket faces the flat surface (32) on the back side of the lower gasket.
3. A set of spring-loaded locking washers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anti-loosening teeth (11) on the front side of the upper gasket are coated with a layer of anti-loosening glue, which is used to fasten some objects that are of the same hardness as the anti-loosening teeth (11) and are not easy to embed.
4. A set of spring-loaded locking washers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polygonal positioning groove (21) at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve is used to install the upper gasket (1), the polygonal nut (5) or the polygonal bolt (7). The spring piece (22) at the other end of the anti-loosening sleeve (2) is supported on the spring piece positioning groove (33) outside the lower gasket to control the anti-loosening sleeve (2) and the objects installed in the polygonal positioning groove (21) at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve.
5. A set of spring-loaded locking washers according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spring sheet (22) at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve (2) is designed in the principle of a ratchet, supported on the spring sheet positioning groove (33) outside the lower gasket, and controls the anti-loosening sleeve (2) and the polygonal positioning groove (21) at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve to rotate unidirectionally.
6. A set of spring-loaded locking washers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spring (4) is sleeved on the lower gasket (3).
7. A set of spring-loaded locking washers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flat surface (32) on the back of the lower gasket faces the smooth surface (12) on the back of the upper gasket, the anti-loosening teeth (31) on one side of the lower gasket face the clamped object (8), and the spring piece positioning groove (33) on the outer side of the lower gasket is used for the spring piece (22) at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve.
8. A set of spring-loaded locking washers according to claim 7, characterized in that: The anti-loosening teeth (31) on the front side of the lower gasket are coated with a layer of anti-loosening glue, which is used to fasten some objects that are of the same hardness as the anti-loosening teeth (31) and are not easy to embed.
9. A set of spring-loaded locking washers according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spring piece positioning groove (33) on the outer side of the lower gasket is designed based on the principle of a ratchet. When the spring piece (22) at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve is supported on the spring piece positioning groove (33) on the outer side of the lower gasket, the anti-loosening sleeve (2) and the contents in the polygonal positioning groove (21) at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve can be controlled to rotate in one direction.
10. A set of spring-loaded locking washers according to claim 6, characterized in that: The anti-loosening sleeve (2) is pushed to force the spring (4) to compress, and the anti-loosening sleeve (2) moves in the direction of the compression of the spring (4). The spring sheet (22) at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve will leave the spring sheet positioning groove (33) outside the lower gasket. At this time, the content in the polygonal positioning groove (21) at one end of the anti-loosening sleeve loses the control of unidirectional rotation.