Double-conical-surface directional self-centering tool

Abstract

A double-conical-surface directional self-centering tool is of a three-jaw fixing workpiece structure and comprises a circular bottom plate index plate, three T-shaped grooves are formed in the circular bottom plate index plate, a pulling plate is installed in each T-shaped groove, the outer surface of each pulling plate is a T-shaped rail embedded into the corresponding T-shaped groove, a T-shaped groove is formed in the center of each pulling plate in the length direction, and an inclined T-shaped rail is arranged at the position, close to the circle center of the circular bottom plate, of each pulling plate. A stepped hole is formed in the center of the circular bottom plate, a centering ring is installed on an outer diameter step of the stepped hole, three grooves are formed in the positions, corresponding to the inclined T-shaped rails of the three pulling plates close to the circle center of the circular bottom plate, of the circumference of the centering ring, and each groove is provided with an inclined face matched with the lower end of the corresponding inclined T-shaped rail. The inclined T-shaped groove structures of the three pulling plates are aligned to the circle center of the bottom plate at the center of the centering ring, the T-shaped blocks are inserted into the corresponding T-shaped grooves in the bottom plate respectively, the centering ring is placed in the center hole of the bottom plate so that the three pulling plates can be all installed in the corresponding inclined T-shaped grooves in the centering ring, the centering ring is pressed downwards, the pulling plates are continuously pressed into the center hole of the bottom plate, and the pulling plates continuously move towards the circle center.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a double-cone surface orientation self-centering tooling, which is used for machining a support plate casing by a three-axis vertical machining center. Background Art

[0002] The support plate casing (and similar annular parts, which require high machining accuracy) is an essential component of modern aeroengines. The support plate casing is a double-circular ring part, and there are connecting parts (such as support plates, which can be blades) with uniform or non-uniform distribution between the double-circular rings. During the production process, it is necessary to mill the inner flow channel, outer flow channel and support plates of the casing (such as Figure 1 , that is, the double-circular rings and support plates), which requires removing a large amount of material, and at the same time, it is necessary to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the flow channels and support plates.

[0003] Due to the design requirements of modern aeroengines, the inner flow channel and outer flow channel of the support plate casing are approximately conical in most cases, while the cross-section of the support plate is similar to a spindle, which makes it impossible to directly machine the workpiece using a three-axis or four-axis machining equipment during machining. It is necessary to use a five-axis machining equipment to ensure that the workpiece is completely machined according to the design requirements, which increases a huge cost. And due to the limitation of the rotary spindle head structure of the five-axis machine tool (generally, a gantry five-axis machining center is required for the support plate casing), the tool overhang is very long, and sudden situations such as chatter are likely to occur during machining, resulting in tool damage and low efficiency.

[0004] The three-axis machining center is relatively simple, with X, Y, and Z axes. The five-axis machining center adds a rotary axis and a swing axis on the basis of the three axes. The rotary axis can be the A axis, or the B or C axis (the axes rotating around X, Y, and Z are called the A axis, B axis, and C axis respectively). The rotary axis can rotate 360 degrees. The swing axis is one of the remaining two axes (such as B or C) after the rotary axis is defined (such as the A axis). The swing axis can only swing within a certain angle (such as plus or minus 90 degrees) and cannot rotate 360 degrees. To sum up, the five axes of the five-axis machining center generally have three modes: XYZAB or XYZAC or XYZBC.

[0005] Compared with the traditional three-axis machining center, the five-axis CNC machining center has higher efficiency, generally better machining surface quality, and some workpieces that cannot be machined by the three-axis machining center can also be machined by the five-axis machining center. The five axes can keep the tool in the best cutting state and improve the cutting conditions; avoid tool interference. Due to interference reasons, the three-axis machining center cannot meet the process requirements, so generally it cannot machine parts such as impellers, blades, and integral blisks used in the aerospace field; the five-axis machining center can use shorter tools for machining, improve the system rigidity, reduce the number of tools, avoid the generation of special tools, and effectively avoid tool interference.

[0006] A five-axis machining center can reduce benchmark conversion and the number of clamping operations, and complete five-sided machining in one clamping. However, the working cost of five-axis machining is much higher, and the labor cost is also much more expensive, and the machining efficiency is not high. For example, during the usually relatively long automatic machining, a little quality defect will scrap the entire workpiece. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a tooling for replacing a five-axis machining support plate casing ( Figure 1 the structures in which include: an air outlet side A, an air inlet side B, a support plate C, an outer flow channel D, and an inner flow channel E), which can complete the machining of the support plate casing on a three-axis vertical machining center of 805.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is a double-cone surface directional self-centering tooling, which is composed of four parts: a base part, a rotary mechanism, a self-centering mechanism, and a double-cone surface angular positioning mechanism. It has a structure for fixing the workpiece with three jaws, including a circular base indexing plate. Three T-shaped grooves are evenly arranged on the base plate of the indexing plate. A pull plate is installed in each T-shaped groove. The outer surface of the pull plate is a T-shaped rail embedded in the T-shaped groove. A T-shaped groove is provided in the central part of the pull plate in the length direction. The position of the pull plate near the center of the circular base is an inclined T-shaped rail; in the center of the circular base is a stepped hole. A centering ring is installed on the outer diameter step of the stepped hole. Three grooves are provided on the circumference of the centering ring corresponding to the positions of the inclined T-shaped rails at the center of the circular base of the three pull plates. Each groove is provided with an inclined surface that fits the lower end of the inclined T-shaped rail; in the center of the centering ring, the inclined T-shaped groove structures of the three pull plates are aligned with the center of the base plate. T-shaped blocks are respectively inserted into the corresponding T-shaped grooves on the base plate and pushed towards the center of the circle to a suitable position. The centering ring is placed in the central hole of the base plate. At the same time, the positions of the inclined T-shaped groove heads of the three pull plates are adjusted so that the three pull plates are all inserted into the corresponding inclined T-shaped grooves on the centering ring. Press the centering ring downward, so that under the action of the inclined T-shaped groove, the pull plates continuously press into the central hole of the base plate along with the centering ring, and the pull plates continuously move towards the center of the circle; the cover plate is pressed tightly on the base plate with the 4th screw. The 3rd screw passes through the central hole of the cover plate and is screwed into the centering ring. After screwing to a suitable position, the retaining ring is fixed on the cover plate with the 2nd screw, and the 3rd screw rotates between the retaining ring and the cover plate; the three retaining blocks are respectively placed at suitable positions of the three pull plates and fixed on the pull plates through the 1st screw and the 1st T-shaped block inserted into the inner T-shaped groove of the pull plate; when the 3rd screw is rotated, due to the up and down movement of the centering ring, through the inclined T-shaped connection between the centering ring and the pull plate, the retaining blocks make a reciprocating movement away from and approaching the center of the circle; when installing the retaining blocks, it is necessary to ensure that the distances from the three retaining blocks to the center of the circle are all equal.

[0009] Rough turning or milling the blanks of the strut casing, i.e., the circles of the double rings of the workpiece and the inner and outer rings of the casing with a strut structure between the double rings. Semi-finish turning the circles of the inner and outer rings of the casing - semi-finish turning the air outlet side flow path surface and the outer shape surface, semi-finish turning the air inlet side flow path surface and the inner cavity, and enlarging the angle positioning holes; On the special fixture, semi-finish milling the air outlet side cavity, semi-finish milling the air inlet side inner cavity, finish milling the air outlet side inner cavity, and finish milling the air inlet side inner cavity;

[0010] Rough milling the inner cavity and the flow path of the workpiece on a three-axis vertical machining center. There is a margin remaining on the inner and outer flow paths of the workpiece and at the position where the strut meets the flow path. Finish machining the reference surface. Semi-finish turning the air outlet side flow path surface and the outer shape surface, and then semi-finish turning the air inlet side flow path surface and the inner cavity. Thus, the semi-finishing of the workpiece in the turning process is completed;

[0011] After finishing the reaming of the positioning pin holes of the workpiece on the three-axis vertical machining center, install the fixture on the three-axis machine tool. After installing the workpiece, start semi-finish milling the air outlet side inner cavity. By turning the handle of the manual turntable and cooperating with the double conical surface contact positioning pin for positioning, complete the machining of the exposed side. Use the same method to complete semi-finish milling the air inlet side inner cavity, complete the semi-finishing process of the whole part, and remove all the remaining margins left by rough milling;

[0012] Re-finish machining the reference surface, and finish turning the flow path part of the air outlet side flow path surface of the workpiece that exceeds the strut to the required position. In the same way, finish turning the flow path part of the air inlet side flow path surface of the workpiece that exceeds the strut to the required position; Then install the workpiece on the fixture of the machine tool and clamp it. A positioning structure of a slider plus a positioning pin is designed on the fixture. After the workpiece is clamped, machine one inner cavity area of the air outlet side (the machining surface seen from the top view of the workpiece) to the required position. Then rotate the manual turntable by a certain angle and use the double conical surface positioning device for positioning, and then machine another adjacent inner cavity area. By repeating this process continuously, finally machine all the inner cavities with a strut structure between the double rings, and the curved surfaces of the inner cavities are connected together; Use the same method to machine the inner cavity of the air inlet side of the workpiece (the machining surface seen from the bottom view of the workpiece).

[0013] After finishing the finish milling of the inner cavity, place the workpiece in a free state for a period of time, and start finish turning the workpiece. First, finish turning the outer shape surface of the air outlet side of the workpiece to the required position, and then turn the workpiece over and finish turning the inner cavity surface of the air inlet side. Thus, the finish turning of the part is completed.

[0014] After drilling the mounting holes on the air outlet side as required, turn the workpiece over, and then use the clamping method of one plane and two pins to machine the mounting holes on the air inlet side. Then perform filing and repair to remove burrs, flash, etc. during the machining process. Finally, after passing the fluorescent inspection, send it to the final inspection to conduct a final inspection on all the dimensions of the workpiece. After passing the inspection, store it in the warehouse. Thus, the machining of the whole workpiece is completed.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The present utility model proposes a processing method, which is used in conjunction with a special tooling that adopts a double conical surface to eliminate positioning and repeat positioning clearances and can self-center for machining an aeroengine strut casing. The design and use of the newly proposed process and tooling enable this processing method to significantly reduce the processing cost of this type of casing. Using this double conical surface orientation and self-centering tooling can quickly and stably clamp workpieces, saving labor and costs such as the operation and programming of expensive equipment. The present utility model can completely replace the five-axis machining center for machining the strut casing and cooperate with the corresponding tooling. In particular, the positioning and indexing of the double conical surface orientation and self-centering tooling are also very meaningful. The bottom plate 31 of the self-centering mechanism is aligned with the concentricity of the manual turntable 23, so at this time, the workpiece 26 to be machined is also concentric with the manual turntable 23, which is a guarantee of machining accuracy. On a three-axis vertical machining center, the machining of the strut casing through a set of tooling is superior to the five-axis in terms of machining accuracy and absolute speed, and has higher efficiency. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a workpiece to be processed into a finished product;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base part;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slewing mechanism;

[0019] Figure 4 The shown is a schematic diagram of the self-centering structure, aligning the inclined T-shaped groove 34 structure of the three pull plates 35 with the center of the bottom plate.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the double conical surface angular positioning mechanism;

[0021] Figure 6 The shown is a 3D diagram of loading the workpiece on the tooling in the present utility model.

[0022] Figure 7 : Schematic diagram of the centering ring structure.

[0023] Figure 8 : Schematic diagram of the structure on the pull plate; the pull plate is provided with an inclined T-shaped groove rail 34-1, an inner T-shaped groove 34-2, and an outer T-shaped groove 34-3;

[0024] Figure 9 : Schematic diagram of the bottom plate structure. Detailed Embodiments

[0025] The design of the tooling of the present utility model: Based on the actions of the spindle head of the five-axis machining center for machining the strut casing, according to its swinging direction and angle, the design is as follows Figure 6As shown, a tooling that can meet the processing of the support plate casing on a three-axis vertical machining center. This tooling has functions such as accurate positioning, repeatable error-free positioning, and automatic centering.

[0026] This tooling mainly consists of four parts: a base part, a rotary mechanism, a self-centering mechanism, and a double-cone surface angular positioning mechanism.

[0027] (1) Base part

[0028] As Figure 2 The base part is formed by fixing the support plate on the base with a two-direction included angle by the 6th screw and the positioning pin. The angles in the two directions of the base here need to be determined by comprehensively considering several factors such as the stroke of the machine tool, the form of the tool holder, the angles of the inner and outer flow channels, and the avoidance angle.

[0029] (2) Rotary mechanism

[0030] As Figure 3 As shown, the rotary mechanism is formed by fixing the bottom plate on the manual turntable through the 5th screw and the 2nd T-block, and rotating the turntable by turning the handle on the manual turntable to obtain different angles.

[0031] (3) Self-centering mechanism

[0032] The self-centering mechanism is fixed on the bottom plate above the manual turntable. The self-centering mechanism is a structure for fixing the workpiece with three jaws. The structure of the three jaws includes a circular bottom plate indexing plate. Three T-slots are evenly arranged on the bottom plate. A pull plate is installed in each T-slot. The outer surface of the pull plate is a T-rail embedded in the T-slot. A T-slot is provided in the central length direction of the pull plate. The position of the pull plate near the center of the circular bottom plate is an inclined T-rail; in the center of the circular bottom plate is a stepped hole. A centering ring is installed on the outer diameter step of the stepped hole. Three slots are provided on the circumference of the centering ring corresponding to the inclined T-rails at the positions of the centers of the three pull plates near the circular bottom plate. Each slot is provided with an inclined surface that fits the lower end of the inclined T-rail. Align the inclined T-slot structures of the 3 pull plates with the center of the bottom plate at the center of the centering ring. Insert the T-blocks into the corresponding T-slots on the bottom plate respectively, push them towards the center direction to the appropriate position, place the centering ring in the central hole of the bottom plate, and at the same time adjust the positions of the inclined T-slot heads of the 3 pull plates so that the 3 pull plates are all inserted into the corresponding inclined T-slots on the centering ring. Press down the centering ring, so that under the action of the inclined T-slot, the pull plates continuously press into the central hole of the bottom plate with the centering ring, and the pull plates continuously move towards the center. Fasten the cover plate on the bottom plate with the 4th screw. Pass the 3rd screw through the central hole of the cover plate and screw it into the centering ring. After screwing it into the appropriate position, fix the retaining ring on the cover plate in the Figure 5 way (the 3rd screw can rotate between the retaining ring and the cover plate). Place the 3 retaining blocks at the appropriate positions of the 3 pull plates respectively, and fix them on the pull plates through the 1st screw and the 1st T-block inserted into the inner T-slot of the pull plate.

[0033] As Figure 4 shown, align the inclined T-shaped groove 34 structures of the three pull plates 35 with the center of the bottom plate. Insert the T-shaped blocks into the corresponding T-shaped grooves on the bottom plate respectively, push them towards the center direction to the appropriate position, place the centering ring into the central hole of the bottom plate. At the same time, adjust the head positions of the inclined T-shaped grooves of the three pull plates so that the three pull plates are inserted into the corresponding inclined T-shaped grooves on the centering ring. Press down the centering ring, and under the action of the inclined T-shaped groove, the pull plates continuously press into the central hole of the bottom plate along with the centering ring, causing the pull plates to continuously move towards the center. Tighten the cover plate on the bottom plate with the fourth screw. Pass the third screw through the central hole of the cover plate and screw it into the centering ring. After screwing it to the appropriate position, fix the retaining ring on the cover plate with the second screw according to the Figure 5 method (the third screw can rotate between the retaining ring and the cover plate). Place the three retaining blocks at the appropriate positions of the three pull plates respectively, and fix them on the pull plates through the first screw and the first T-shaped block inserted into the inner T-shaped groove of the pull plate.

[0034] When the third screw is rotated, due to the up and down movement of the centering ring, through the inclined T-shaped connection between the centering ring and the pull plate, the retaining blocks make reciprocating movements away from and towards the center.

[0035] Note that when installing the retaining blocks, ensure that the distances from the three retaining blocks to the center are equal.

[0036] (4) Double conical surface angular positioning mechanism

[0037] It includes a fixing device for the circular bottom plate indexing plate and the support plate. Conical holes are evenly arranged on the circumferences of the circular bottom plate indexing plate and the support plate. The conical pin part of the cylindrical taper pin is inserted into the conical hole of the support plate, making the conical surface of the cylindrical taper pin fit with the conical surface of the support plate. Pad a washer on the bottom surface, insert the seventh screw and tighten it. Then pass the central hole of the magazine through the cylindrical part of the cylindrical taper pin and tighten the nut with the seventh screw.

[0038] As Figure 5 shown, rotate the indexing ring to the appropriate position so that the conical holes on it are basically concentric with the conical holes of the support plate (these two conical holes are the core components of the double conical surface angular positioning mechanism). Insert the conical pin of the cylindrical taper pin (this taper is 1:50 to reduce costs and improve positioning accuracy) into the conical hole of the support plate, making the conical surface of the cylindrical taper pin fit with the conical surface of the support plate. Pad a washer on the bottom surface, insert the seventh screw and tighten it. Then pass the central hole of the magazine (here an ER32 high-precision standard magazine is used) through the cylindrical part of the cylindrical taper pin and tighten the nut.

[0039] During the process of tightening the nut to press down the magazine, since the indexing ring is connected to the manual turntable through the base plate, when the handle of the manual turntable is released, due to the certain clearance between the worm gear and the worm of the manual turntable (the size of this clearance can be adjusted appropriately), the indexing ring has a certain degree of rotational freedom. When the nut is tightened, since the magazine is already fixed on the cylindrical and conical pins on the support plate, the magazine only moves downward. When the conical surface of the magazine presses against the conical surface of the indexing ring, it causes the indexing ring to have a small angular rotation around the center of the circle, making the conical surface of the magazine fit with the conical surface of the indexing ring, so that the indexing ring reaches the accurate position (at this time, the conical holes of the indexing ring and the support plate are just in the concentric position), thus completing the double conical surface angular positioning process.

[0040] First, through rough turning, quickly remove the surplus of the workpiece, so that the outer shape and inner cavity of the workpiece are quickly formed while meeting the requirements of machining allowance. Then, rough machine the inner cavity and flow channels of the workpiece on a three-axis vertical machining center. At this time, since it is machined on a three-axis machine tool, there is still a relatively large amount of surplus remaining in the inner and outer flow channels of the workpiece, especially at the position where the support plate intersects with the flow channel. However, for the support plate casing with relatively thick wall thickness, the influence of these surpluses on the deformation of the subsequent machined parts is relatively small, so they are ignored here. After rough milling, directly perform stress relief heat treatment. For the workpiece after stress relief heat treatment, machine the reference surface, and then start semi-finish turning the gas outlet side flow channel surface and the outer shape surface, and then semi-finish turn the gas inlet side flow channel surface and the inner cavity. Thus, the semi-finishing of the workpiece in the turning process is completed.

[0041] After completing the reaming of the positioning pin holes on the vertical machining center, install the Figure 6 fixture on the three-axis (805) machine tool. After installing the workpiece as required, you can start semi-finish milling the gas outlet side inner cavity. By turning the handle of the manual turntable and cooperating with the double conical surface contact positioning pin for positioning, complete the machining of this side. Using the same method, you can complete the semi-finish milling of the gas inlet side inner cavity. Thus, the semi-finishing process of the entire part is completed. During this process, all the surpluses remaining after rough milling are removed, making the current workpiece show that the surpluses in all places are uniform, completing the preparatory work for subsequent finish machining.

[0042] Let the workpiece be placed in a free state for a period of time to release some stress in the free state. Then, re-machine the reference surface of the workpiece, and precisely machine the runner part of the air outlet side runner surface of the workpiece that extends beyond the support plate to the required position. Similarly, precisely machine the runner part of the air inlet side runner surface of the workpiece that extends beyond the support plate to the required position. Then, install the workpiece on the fixture of the machine tool and clamp it. Note that the locating pin holes are not reamed at this time because a positioning method of a slider plus a locating pin is designed on the fixture. As long as the angular orientation of the positioning is correct, the change in the pitch circle of the locating pin holes caused by part deformation has no actual impact on the machining. Therefore, the locating pin holes are not reamed a second time here to simplify the process flow and improve efficiency.

[0043] After the workpiece is clamped, machine the inner cavity of the air outlet side of the workpiece to the required position. Because when using such a fixture for finish machining, its essence is to machine different areas of the surface in partitions, then rotate the manual turntable, position with a double conical surface positioning device, and then machine another part of the area. By repeating this process continuously, finally, all the curved surfaces are connected together. Therefore, when writing the machining program, it is necessary to pay attention to planning the machining area after each positioning (note that the machining area planned should be as symmetrically arranged as possible to minimize the deformation of the workpiece) without omission. At the same time, appropriate tool holders, tools, tool lengths, and appropriate machining parameters should be used to reduce problems such as tool deflection to ensure the machining accuracy requirements. When this process is completed, the workpiece can be turned over, and the inner cavity of the air inlet side of the workpiece can be machined in the same way.

[0044] After the finish milling of the inner cavity is completed, let the workpiece be placed in a free state for a period of time, and start finish machining the workpiece. First, precisely machine the outer shape surface of the air outlet side of the workpiece to the required position, then turn the workpiece over and precisely machine the inner cavity surface of the air inlet side. Thus, the finish machining of the part is completed.

[0045] After drilling the installation edge holes on the air outlet side as required, turn the workpiece over, and then use the clamping method of one plane and two pins to machine the installation edge holes on the air inlet side. Then, perform filing and repair to remove burrs, flash, etc. during the machining process. Finally, after passing the fluorescent inspection, send it to the final inspection to conduct the final inspection on all dimensions of the workpiece. After passing the inspection, store it in the warehouse. Thus, the machining of the entire workpiece is completed.

[0046] Using the process flow of this fixture, by shortening the process route length, the transfer speed of the workpiece is effectively increased, and the efficiency is improved. At the same time, we adopt the method from rough machining, semi-finish machining to finish machining, effectively control the deformation of the part, ensure the one-time qualification rate of the part, and stabilize the product quality.

[0047] As Figure 6The 3D drawing shows the workpiece mounted on the tooling in the present utility model. Washer 18, base 15, cover plate 12, No. 4 screw 11, No. 5 screw 13, No. 6 screw 16, No. 7 screw 17, No. 3 screw 8, retaining ring 9, centering ring 10, pull plate 6, No. 1 T-shaped block 4, No. 1 screw 3, stop block 2, indexing ring 1. No. 9 screw 30.

[0048] First, place the base at a suitable position on the machine tool. Put the manual turntable 23 into the base 15 and use a positioning pin and screws (the positioning pin and screws are not shown here) to fix it on the base plate. Place the support plate 5 on the base 15 and use the No. 6 screw 16 and the positioning pin 36 (the positioning pin is not shown here) to fix it to the base plate 15. Use the No. 5 screw 13 and the No. 2 T-shaped block 14 to fix the self-centering mechanism placed on the manual turntable 23 to the manual turntable 23 and align the self-centering mechanism with the manual turntable to be concentric. Rotate the No. 3 screw 8 to make the centering ring 10 move upward, move the stop block 2 away from the center of the circle, insert the slider 24 into the base plate 31 of the self-centering mechanism, place the workpiece 26 on the base plate 31 of the self-centering mechanism, and connect it to the slider 24 through the No. 1 positioning pin 25. Rotate the No. 3 screw 8 to make the centering ring 10 move downward, move the stop block 2 toward the center of the circle. When all 3 stop blocks 2 are in contact with the workpiece 26, slightly tighten the No. 3 screw. At this time, the workpiece is concentric with the base plate 31 of the self-centering mechanism. At the same time, since the base plate 31 of the self-centering mechanism has been aligned with the manual turntable 23 concentrically before, the workpiece 26 to be machined is also concentric with the manual turntable 23 at this time. Use the pressing plate 27 and the No. 8 screw 28 to fix the workpiece to the base plate 31. The base plate and the support plate are two plates. Figure 6 Figure 6 Install the indexing ring 1 of the double-cone surface angular positioning mechanism on the base plate 31 with the No. 9 screw 30 and the No. 2 positioning pin 29. Note that after installation here, the indexing ring 1 is also concentric with the manual turntable 23.

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Rotate the handle 22 to place the angular positioning hole of the workpiece in the correct position. Insert the tapered part of the cylindrical taper pin into the tapered hole of the support plate so that the tapered surface of the cylindrical taper pin fits the tapered surface of the support plate. Place a washer on the bottom surface, insert the No. 7 screw and tighten it. Then insert the cartridge into the tapered hole of the indexing ring and tighten the nut. During the process of tightening the nut to press down the cartridge, the indexing ring changes by a certain angle. When the nut is tightened, the indexing ring reaches the correct position and the double-cone surface angular positioning is completed.

[0051] So far, the installation of the tooling and the workpiece is completed and machining can begin. After the machining of one cavity is completed, loosen the nut 21 and the 7th screw 17, remove the magazine 20 and the cylindrical taper pin 19, shake the handle 22 to the next appropriate taper hole position, and repeat the previous actions to complete the machining of the next location. By analogy, the machining of the internal and external flow channels of the strut casing and the struts can be completed.

[0052] Figure 7 is a centering ring; Figure 8 : The pull plate is provided with an inclined T-shaped groove track 34-1, an internal T-shaped groove 34-2, and an external T-shaped groove 34-3;

[0053] Figure 9 : The bottom plate, supported by a three-jaw structure. The three-jaw structure includes a circular bottom plate. Three T-shaped grooves 34 are evenly arranged on the bottom plate. Each T-shaped groove is equipped with a pull plate. The outer surface of the pull plate is a T-shaped rail embedded in the T-shaped groove. A T-shaped groove is provided in the central part of the pull plate in the length direction. The position near the center of the circular bottom plate of the pull plate is an inclined T-shaped rail; in the center of the circular bottom plate is a stepped hole. A centering ring is installed on the outer diameter step of the stepped hole. Three grooves are provided on the circumference of the centering ring corresponding to the positions of the inclined T-shaped rails near the centers of the three pull plates and the circular bottom plate. Each groove is provided with an inclined surface that fits the lower end of the inclined T-shaped rail. A slider groove 24-1 is also provided; the centers of the three pull plates are aligned with the center of the bottom plate through the inclined T-shaped groove structure of the centering ring. T-shaped blocks are respectively inserted into the corresponding T-shaped grooves on the bottom plate and pushed towards the center direction to a suitable position. The centering ring is placed in the central hole of the bottom plate. At the same time, adjust the positions of the inclined T-shaped groove heads of the three pull plates so that the three pull plates are all inserted into the corresponding inclined T-shaped grooves on the centering ring. Press down the centering ring, and under the action of the inclined T-shaped groove, the pull plates continuously press into the central hole of the bottom plate along with the centering ring, causing the pull plates to continuously move towards the center. Use the 4th screw to press the cover plate tightly on the bottom plate. Pass the 3rd screw through the central hole of the cover plate and screw it into the centering ring. After screwing it into the appropriate position, use the 2nd screw to fix the retaining ring to the cover plate in the Figure 5 way (the 3rd screw can rotate between the retaining ring and the cover plate). Place the three retaining blocks at the appropriate positions of the three pull plates respectively, and fix them on the pull plates through the 1st screw and the 1st T-shaped block inserted into the internal T-shaped groove of the pull plate.

[0054] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A double-cone directional self-centering tool, characterized in that: The structure has three claws to fix the workpiece, including a circular base plate indexing disk, three T-slots are evenly arranged on the base plate on the indexing disk, a pull plate is installed in each T-slot, the outer surface of the pull plate is a T-rail embedded in the T-slot, a T-slot is arranged in the center of the pull plate in the length direction, and the center position of the nearly circular base plate of the pull plate is an inclined T-rail; there is a step hole in the center of the circular base plate, a centering ring is installed on the outer diameter step of the step hole, and three grooves are arranged on the circumference of the centering ring corresponding to the positions of the inclined T-rails in the center of the nearly circular base plate of the three pull plates, and each groove is provided with an inclined surface that matches the lower end of the inclined T-rail; the center of the centering ring aligns the inclined T-slot structures of the three pull plates with the center of the base plate, and T-blocks are respectively inserted into the corresponding T-slots on the base plate, and they are pushed to the appropriate position toward the center of the circle, and the centering ring is placed in the center hole of the base plate, and the inclined T-slot heads of the three pull plates are adjusted at the same time Position, so that the three pull plates are all installed in the corresponding oblique T-slots on the centering ring, press the centering ring downward, so that the pull plate is continuously pressed into the center hole of the base plate with the centering ring under the action of the oblique T-slot, so that the pull plate continuously moves toward the center of the circle; use the fourth screw to press the cover plate onto the base plate, pass the third screw through the center hole of the cover plate and screw it into the centering ring, after screwing it into the appropriate position, use the second screw to fix the retaining ring on the cover plate, and the third screw rotates between the retaining ring and the cover plate; place the three stoppers at the appropriate positions of the three pull plates respectively, and fix them to the pull plates by the first screw and the first T-block inserted into the inner T-slot of the pull plate; when the third screw is rotated, the up and down movement of the centering ring, through the oblique T-connection between the centering ring and the pull plate, makes the stopper move back and forth away from and close to the center of the circle; when installing the stopper, ensure that the distances from the three stoppers to the center of the circle are equal.

2. The tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: Rotate the dividing ring to the appropriate position so that the tapered hole of the dividing ring is concentric with the tapered hole of the supporting plate, insert the tapered pin part of the cylindrical tapered pin into the tapered hole of the supporting plate, use a taper of 1:50, make the tapered surface of the cylindrical tapered pin fit with the tapered surface of the supporting plate, place a washer on the bottom surface, insert the 7th screw to tighten it, then insert the center hole of the clip into the cylindrical part of the cylindrical tapered pin and tighten the nut.

Images