Heavy vehicle heating system based on phase change heat storage material
By adopting a heating system based on phase change heat storage materials in heavy vehicles, and using engine exhaust gas and fin-type heat exchange devices, the problems of heating delay, poor results and increased fuel consumption of existing heating devices are solved, and a fast, stable and efficient heating effect is achieved, improving the driver's handling comfort and vehicle reliability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422115656.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-13
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-30
AI Technical Summary
The existing heavy-duty vehicle heating devices have problems such as delayed heating, poor results and increased fuel consumption, which leads to difficulties in heating and limited operation in cold areas in winter, and increased vehicle components failure rate.
A heating system based on phase change heat storage materials is adopted, and the engine exhaust gas is used as a heat source. Through the combination of a heat sink type heat exchange device and a phase change heat storage material, constant and efficient heating of the cab temperature is achieved.
The system can quickly and stably increase cab temperature, reduce heating delays, improve energy utilization, reduce energy waste, enhance driver handling comfort, and reduce vehicle component failure rates.
Smart Images
Figure CN222973157U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the fields of phase change heat storage materials and vehicle heating devices, and particularly relates to a heavy vehicle heating system based on phase change heat storage materials. Background Art
[0002] In the field of engineering equipment, many heavy vehicles are not equipped with air conditioning devices or heating devices. In cold regions in winter, the environmental temperature often drops below -20°C. After the vehicle has been parked outdoors for a long time, the temperature in the cab is the same as the environmental temperature. If the vehicle does not have an air conditioning device or a heating device, affected by the environmental temperature, the driver has difficulty operating in the cab, with slow limb movements and dull reactions, which affects the performance of the vehicle's functions. In addition, in a cold environment, it will also increase the failure rate of vehicle components, increase the driver's work fatigue intensity, and in severe cases, the driver may be frostbitten, affecting personal safety and vehicle reliability.
[0003] At present, for heavy vehicles that are not designed and installed with air conditioning devices or heating devices at the factory, technicians have developed a variety of heating devices. The more common ones include extracting circulating water for heating, using waste heat from exhaust gas for heating, and adopting heating methods for heating, etc., to ensure that in cold regions in winter, the driver can operate the vehicle in a cab with a relatively high temperature, avoid personnel frostbite, and ensure the performance of the vehicle's functions. Although the designed heating devices have certain effects and functions, there are still some problems and deficiencies, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
[0004] (1) The circulating water heating device mainly introduces the vehicle coolant into the cab. Due to the existence of a temperature difference, the heat in the coolant will be dissipated to the air, thereby increasing the temperature of the cab. However, this device is only limited to engines with water cooling, and in the initial stage of starting in cold regions in winter, the temperature of the coolant is also relatively low for a long time and there is no heating effect. Therefore, this heating device has many limiting conditions.
[0005] (2) The waste heat heating device using exhaust gas mainly introduces the vehicle exhaust gas into the cab and designs a specific device in the cab to dissipate heat outward to increase the temperature of the cab. This heating device can improve the driving environment in the cab to a certain extent, but the exhaust gas heat dissipation effect is relatively poor, resulting in a poor heating effect.
[0006] (3) The heating device using the heating method mainly uses an external battery power supply and heating wires to directly heat for heating. This method will consume additional battery power, thereby consuming engine power and increasing the fuel consumption rate, which is not conducive to cost control and energy conservation. Summary of the Invention
[0007] The purpose of the present utility model is to provide a heating system for heavy vehicles based on phase change heat storage materials, which can effectively solve problems such as heating delay, poor heating effect, and increased fuel consumption in existing heating devices, and avoid difficulties in heating for drivers of heavy vehicles in cold regions in winter, restricted operation, frostbite of personnel, and increased vehicle failure rate. The present utility model mainly uses engine exhaust gas as a heat source and makes full use of the inherent characteristics of phase change heat storage materials, which can ensure a constant temperature in the cab, avoid energy waste, improve the heating effect for the driver, thereby improving the driving comfort of the driver and giving full play to the functional role of the vehicle.
[0008] The above object of the present utility model is achieved by the following technical solutions:
[0009] For the heating system of heavy vehicles based on phase change heat storage materials, the exhaust pipe 1 is connected to the first three-way valve 3. One end of the first three-way valve 3 is connected to the second three-way valve 10. A part of the engine exhaust gas 2 is directly discharged to the outside of the vehicle body through the first three-way valve 3 and the second three-way valve 10 via the exhaust pipe 1. The other end of the first three-way valve 3 is connected to the circulation pipeline 9. A control switch 4, a first heat exchange device 5, and a second heat exchange device 7 are installed on the circulation pipeline 9. A fan 6 is installed on the circulation pipeline 9 or between the first and second heat exchange devices. A one-way valve 8 is connected to the front end of the second three-way valve 10. Another part of the engine exhaust gas 2 flows through the control switch 4, the first heat exchange device 5, the fan 6, the second heat exchange device 7, and the one-way valve 8 and then flows to the second three-way valve 10 and flows out of the heating system.
[0010] The first heat exchange device or the second heat exchange device includes heat dissipation fins 12, phase change heat storage materials 13, and a metal housing 14. In the middle of the first heat exchange device or the second heat exchange device is a heat dissipation pipeline 11 through which the engine exhaust gas 2 flows. A number of heat dissipation fins 12 are distributed on the surface of the heat dissipation pipeline 11. The outside of the heat dissipation pipeline 11 is sleeved with a metal housing 14 to form a sealed space, and the phase change heat storage materials 13 are filled in the sealed space.
[0011] The heat dissipation fins 12 are in a long corrugated structure.
[0012] The phase change heat storage materials 13 adopt low-temperature solid-liquid phase change heat storage materials.
[0013] The phase change heat storage materials 13 are solid-liquid phase change heat storage materials with a melting point of 24 °C.
[0014] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:
[0015] First, the present utility model adopts phase change heat storage materials, which have the advantages of large energy storage density, constant phase change temperature, and small phase change volume change, and can keep the temperature constant in the cab, crew compartment, and passenger compartment.
[0016] Second, the present utility model uses engine exhaust gas, which can improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce energy waste.
[0017] 3. The heat exchange device of the present utility model adopts a fin type, which can increase the contact area between the exhaust gas and the phase change material and improve the heat exchange efficiency.
[0018] 4. The combination of the phase change material and the heat exchange device adopted by the present utility model can reduce the heating delay time and enhance the heating effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present utility model and form a part of this application. The schematic examples and descriptions of the present utility model are used to explain the present utility model and shall not constitute an improper limitation to the present utility model.
[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present utility model;
[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat exchange device of the present utility model.
[0022] In the figure: 1, exhaust pipe; 2, engine exhaust gas; 3, first three-way valve; 4, control switch; 5, first heat exchange device; 6, fan; 7, second heat exchange device; 8, check valve; 9, circulation pipeline; 10, second three-way valve; 11, heat dissipation pipeline; 12, heat sink; 13, phase change heat storage material; 14, metal housing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model. To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present utility model more obvious and understandable, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
[0024] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the heavy vehicle heating system based on the phase change heat storage material of the present utility model mainly includes a power device, a control device, and a heat exchange device. According to the number of heat exchange devices, it can be placed in the cab or the passenger compartment, and can realize the function of quickly and stably heating the heavy vehicle in winter in cold regions.
[0025] The power device mainly refers to the fan 6, which provides power for the entire high-temperature exhaust gas cycle, ensures that the high-temperature engine exhaust gas can pass through the entire circulation system in a timely and rapid manner, and ensures that the first and second heat exchange devices can continuously absorb the heat in the high-temperature engine exhaust gas, thereby ensuring the heating effect of the heavy vehicle heating device.
[0026] The control device mainly includes components such as an exhaust pipe 1, a three-way valve one 3, a three-way valve two 10, a circulation pipeline 9, a control switch 4, a check valve 8, etc. The exhaust pipe 1 mainly refers to the pipeline through which the exhaust gas after the engine combustion is discharged to the outside of the vehicle body. At a position at a certain distance from the engine on the exhaust pipe 1, appropriate points are selected to install the three-way valves one and two; the three-way valves are installed on the exhaust pipe 1 of the engine, and a branch is led out as the branch for the exhaust gas circulation in the heating cycle, which is the inlet of the heating cycle; the circulation pipeline 9 mainly refers to the exhaust gas circulation pipe in the whole heating cycle; the control switch 4 is a component that controls whether the exhaust gas in the heating cycle circulates; the check valve 8 is a component to prevent the reverse flow of exhaust gas and ensure the unidirectional flow of exhaust gas.
[0027] The heat exchange device is the core part of the present utility model, mainly including a phase change heat storage material 13, a heat sink 12, a metal shell 14, etc. In this embodiment, a low-temperature phase change heat storage material with a phase change point of 24 °C is selected. When the temperature is lower than 24 °C, the material is in a solid state in the heat exchange device, and when the temperature is higher than 24 °C, the material is in a liquid state in the heat exchange device. When the temperature in the cab is lower than 24 °C, the material will release the heat absorbed from the exhaust gas to the cab until the temperature in the cab reaches 24 °C, and then the material will no longer solidify and release heat, keeping the temperature in the cab constant. The heat sink 12 is mainly to increase the contact area between the phase change heat storage material and the engine exhaust gas and improve the heat exchange efficiency; the metal shell 14 mainly refers to the outer shell of the heat exchange device, and a material with good heat transfer performance is selected to ensure good heat transfer performance of the phase change heat storage material during the heat release process. In addition, in this heating cycle, multiple heat exchange devices can be installed at different positions according to the actual situation, so as to realize the rapid increase of the temperature in the vehicle cab, crew compartment, and passenger compartment, and reduce the heating time.
[0028] See Figure 1 As shown, the exhaust pipe 1 is connected to the three-way valve one 3, one end of the three-way valve one 3 is connected to the three-way valve two 10. When the engine is working, a part of the exhaust gas 2 directly discharges to the outside of the vehicle body through the three-way valve one 3 and the three-way valve two 10 via the exhaust pipe 1; the other end of the three-way valve one 3 is connected to the circulation pipeline 9. A control switch 4, a heat exchange device one 5, and a heat exchange device two 7 are installed on the circulation pipeline. A fan 6 of the power device is installed between the heat exchange devices one and two or at a certain place in the circulation pipeline to provide power for the whole heating circulation system, ensuring that the exhaust gas can continuously flow through the whole heating circulation system. A check valve 8 is also connected before the three-way valve two 10 to ensure the unidirectional flow of the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas flows through the check valve 8 and then flows to the three-way valve two 10, flows out of the whole heating circulation system, and finally discharges from the vehicle body.
[0029] See Figure 2As shown in the figure, it is a structural diagram of Heat Exchange Device 1 (the same as Heat Exchange Device 2), which mainly consists of a heat sink 12, a phase change heat storage material 13, and a metal housing 14. In the middle of Heat Exchange Device 1 or Heat Exchange Device 2 is a heat dissipation pipeline 11 through which the engine exhaust gas 2 flows. A number of heat sinks 12 are distributed on the surface of the heat dissipation pipeline 11. A metal housing 14 is sleeved outside the heat dissipation pipeline 11 to form a sealed space, and the phase change heat storage material 13 is filled in the sealed space. The heat sink 12 is made into a long corrugated structure, which is beneficial to increasing the exhaust gas heat exchange area and the heat exchange rate; the phase change heat storage material 13 is filled between the heat sink 12 and the metal housing 14, and a low-temperature solid-liquid phase change heat storage material is used. In this embodiment, a solid-liquid phase change heat storage material with a melting point of 24°C is used, and this heat absorption and heat release process is a physical change; the metal housing 14 is made of a material with good heat conduction, which helps the heat of the phase change heat storage material to be better dissipated to the outside.
[0030] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the working principle of the present invention is as follows:
[0031] In the cold winter environment, when the outside temperature is relatively low and the driver's cab and passenger compartment of a heavy vehicle need to be heated, first turn on the control switch 4, and at this time the entire heating circulation system will be opened; then turn on the fan 6 to provide power for the entire system, and suck the exhaust gas 2 into the circulation pipeline 9 of the entire heating system through the first three-way valve 3; then the exhaust gas flows through Heat Exchange Device 1 5. When the exhaust gas passes through the inside of Heat Exchange Device 1 5, the phase change heat storage material 13 between the heat sink 12 and the metal housing 14 begins to absorb heat. Since the heat sink 12 is made into a long corrugated structure, it can increase the heat transfer area between the exhaust gas and the phase change heat storage material, which is beneficial to the phase change heat storage material to quickly absorb heat. After the phase change heat storage material absorbs heat, its temperature rises. Due to the temperature difference with the outside of the heat exchange device, the absorbed heat is dissipated to the vehicle interior, thereby gradually increasing the temperature of the cab or passenger compartment. In addition, according to actual needs, the number of heat exchange devices can be increased to achieve the purpose of rapid heating; when the exhaust gas flows out of the fan or the heat exchange device, it will pass through the one-way valve 8 to ensure that the exhaust gas can only flow in one direction. Finally, the exhaust gas is discharged to the outside of the vehicle body through the second three-way valve 10. In addition, in this system, due to the inherent characteristics of the phase change heat storage material (a low-temperature phase change heat storage material with a phase change point of 24°C), when the vehicle works for a long time, due to the presence of the heating device, when the temperature in the driver's cab or passenger compartment reaches 24°C, at this time the phase change heat storage material will no longer dissipate heat to the outside, but store the heat inside the material and only conduct a little heat to the outside through heat conduction. Therefore, this heat exchange device can ensure the constancy of the vehicle interior temperature, can achieve excellent human-machine-environment characteristics, improve the driving environment of the driver, and give full play to the function of the vehicle.
[0032] The above are only the preferred examples of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and variations can be made to the present utility model. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made to the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A heavy vehicle heating system based on phase change heat storage material, characterized in that: The exhaust pipe (1) is connected to the three-way valve one (3), one end of the three-way valve one (3) is connected to the three-way valve two (10), and a part of the engine exhaust gas (2) is directly discharged to the outside of the vehicle body through the exhaust pipe (1) through the three-way valve one (3) and the three-way valve two (10); the other end of the three-way valve one (3) is connected to the circulation pipeline (9), a control switch (4), a heat exchange device one (5), and a heat exchange device two (7) are installed on the circulation pipeline (9), and a fan (6) is installed on the circulation pipeline (9) or between the heat exchange devices one and two; a check valve (8) is connected to the front end of the three-way valve two (10); the other part of the engine exhaust gas (2) passes through the control switch (4), the heat exchange device one (5), the fan (6), the heat exchange device two (7), and the check valve (8) and then flows to the three-way valve two (10), and flows out from the heating system.
2. The heavy vehicle heating system based on phase change heat storage material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heat exchange device 1 or the heat exchange device 2 comprises a heat sink (12), a phase change heat storage material (13) and a metal shell (14); the middle portion of the heat exchange device 1 or the heat exchange device 2 is a heat dissipation pipe (11) through which the engine exhaust gas (2) flows; a plurality of heat dissipation pipes (12) are distributed on the surface of the heat dissipation pipe (11); the outside of the heat dissipation pipe (11) is sleeved with the metal shell (14) to form a sealed space; and the phase change heat storage material (13) is filled in the sealed space.
3. The heavy vehicle heating system based on phase change heat storage material according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The heat sink (12) is in the form of a long corrugated tube.
4. The heavy vehicle heating system based on phase change heat storage material according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The phase change heat storage material (13) adopts a low-temperature solid-liquid phase change heat storage material.
5. The heavy vehicle heating system based on phase change heat storage material according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The phase change heat storage material (13) is a solid-liquid phase change heat storage material with a melting point of 24°C.