Compact dual-circularly-polarized bandwidth horn

Abstract

The utility model provides a compact dual-circular polarization bandwidth horn, a circular polarizer comprises a circular waveguide, the front end of the circular polarizer is connected with two waveguide impedance matchers, and a stepped diaphragm is arranged in the circular waveguide to divide the circular waveguide into two sides. The stepped diaphragms in the circular waveguide are utilized to enable the signals to form left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization respectively, efficient conversion and separation of the left-hand circular polarization signals and the right-hand circular polarization signals are achieved, and therefore a complex orthogonal mode converter in the prior art is omitted, and the dual-circular-polarization horn is simple and compact in structure, light in weight and low in cost. The manufacturing difficulty and the processing cost are reduced, and unnecessary mode coupling and energy loss can be avoided. The compact dual-circular polarization bandwidth horn has the advantages of wide bandwidth, high isolation, low axial ratio, good circular polarization performance, compact structure, light weight, easy processing and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to antenna technology, in particular to a compact dual circular polarization bandwidth horn. Background Technique

[0002] The application of millimeter-wave terahertz frequency band in wireless communication systems has received wide attention. Especially, circular polarization technology is widely used in satellite communication and radar systems. Circular polarization antennas can transmit and receive electromagnetic waves with circular polarization characteristics. During the propagation of electromagnetic waves, the electric field vector rotates in a circular trajectory in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction. Compared with linear polarization antennas, circular polarization antennas have obvious advantages in terms of multipath propagation, polarization matching, and rotational distortion in mobile communication.

[0003] Traditional circular polarization horn antennas have multiple technical problems. In order to achieve the conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization, complex polarizers or special feeding structures are designed, which have very high processing requirements. In existing technologies, in order to achieve the conversion and separation of left-handed and right-handed dual circular polarization signals, a complex design of an orthomode transducer is required. The orthomode transducer has disadvantages such as large volume and complex structure. An ill-designed orthomode transducer will also cause unnecessary mode coupling and energy loss. Existing types of circular polarizers include ridged waveguide circular polarizers, screw circular polarizers, dielectric plate circular polarizers, and slotted circular polarizers, etc., with relatively large external dimensions.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technique section is only used for understanding the background of the present application, and thus may include information that does not constitute the prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Utility Model

[0005] The main purpose of the utility model is to solve the problems existing in the above background technique, and provide a compact dual circular polarization bandwidth horn.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A compact dual circular polarization bandwidth horn, comprising:

[0008] Two waveguide ports for receiving and inputting electromagnetic wave signals;

[0009] Two waveguide impedance matchers, each connected to the corresponding waveguide port to achieve impedance matching;

[0010] A circular polarizer, connected to the waveguide impedance matcher, includes: a circular waveguide, which is a tubular structure and is used to propagate electromagnetic waves from two waveguide impedance matchers therein; a stepped diaphragm is arranged in the circular waveguide along the length direction of the circular waveguide, forming a stepped structure, and dividing the interior of the circular waveguide into two side cavities corresponding to the two waveguide impedance matchers;

[0011] A conical horn is connected to the rear end of the circular polarizer and is used to radiate the synthesized circularly polarized signal to form the required radiation pattern.

[0012] Further, the waveguide port is a rectangular waveguide port.

[0013] Further, the waveguide impedance matcher includes a multi-stage semi-octagonal waveguide structure with a gradually decreasing cross-section to achieve a smooth transition from a rectangular waveguide to a circular waveguide.

[0014] Further, each stage of the semi-octagonal waveguide structure expands the operating bandwidth under the condition of maintaining the mode unchanged.

[0015] Further, the waveguide impedance matcher is composed of four stages of semi-octagonal waveguides, and the length of each stage of the semi-octagonal waveguide is λ / 8, where λ is the wavelength at the designed operating frequency.

[0016] Further, the two waveguide ports and the two waveguide impedance matchers are separated by a common rectangular partition and are symmetrically arranged with respect to the common rectangular partition.

[0017] Further, the stepped diaphragm is connected to the common rectangular partition and has the same thickness.

[0018] Further, the stepped diaphragm is composed of multiple stages of rectangular steps.

[0019] Further, the stepped diaphragm is composed of five stages of rectangular steps.

[0020] The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present utility model provides a compact dual circular polarization bandwidth horn, wherein the circular polarizer includes a circular waveguide. The front end of the circular polarizer is connected to a waveguide impedance matcher. A stepped diaphragm is provided inside the circular waveguide to divide the circular waveguide into two sides. The stepped diaphragm in the circular waveguide is used to form left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization performance of signals respectively, realizing the conversion and separation of efficient left-handed and right-handed circular polarization signals. Thus, the traditional orthogonal mode converter is omitted, making the dual circular polarization horn simple, compact and lightweight in structure, reducing the manufacturing difficulty and processing cost, and also avoiding unnecessary mode coupling and energy loss. Further, the waveguide impedance matcher is designed as a multi-stage semi-octagonal waveguide structure, which not only shortens the transition size from a rectangular waveguide to a circular waveguide, but also expands the working bandwidth while maintaining the mode unchanged, realizing broadband signal coverage.

[0022] For the dual circular polarization horn antenna of the present utility model, the return loss and isolation degree in the working frequency band are both lower than -20 dB, the axial ratio is lower than 1 dB, and the cross polarization is less than -20 dB. It has the characteristics of broadband width, high isolation degree and low axial ratio, ensuring good circular polarization performance and high circular polarization purity of the horn antenna.

[0023] The present utility model has the advantages of broadband width, high isolation degree, low axial ratio, good circular polarization performance, compact structure and light weight. Its structure is compact and easy to process, and it can meet the requirements of different communication systems for antennas.

[0024] Other beneficial effects in the embodiments of the present utility model will be further described below. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a compact dual circular polarization bandwidth horn according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the waveguide impedance matcher of the compact dual circular polarization bandwidth horn according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the circular polarizer of the dual circular polarization bandwidth horn according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 4 is a graph of the return loss and isolation degree of the dual circular polarization horn according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0029] Figure 5 is the normalized far-field pattern in the XZ plane of the left-handed circular polarization at 100 GHz when the dual circular polarization bandwidth horn according to an embodiment of the present utility model is incident from the right waveguide port;

[0030] Figure 6It is the normalized far-field pattern of left-handed circular polarization in the 45° plane at 100 GHz when the dual-circularly polarized bandwidth horn of an embodiment of the present utility model is incident from the right waveguide port;

[0031] Figure 7 It is the normalized far-field pattern of left-handed circular polarization in the YZ plane at 100 GHz when the dual-circularly polarized bandwidth horn of an embodiment of the present utility model is incident from the right waveguide port;

[0032] Figure 8 It is the normalized far-field pattern of right-handed circular polarization in the XZ plane at 100 GHz when the dual-circularly polarized bandwidth horn of an embodiment of the present utility model is incident from the left waveguide port;

[0033] Figure 9 It is the normalized far-field pattern of right-handed circular polarization in the 45° plane at 100 GHz when the dual-circularly polarized bandwidth horn of an embodiment of the present utility model is incident from the left waveguide port;

[0034] Figure 10 It is the normalized far-field pattern of right-handed circular polarization in the YZ plane at 100 GHz when the dual-circularly polarized bandwidth horn of an embodiment of the present utility model is incident from the left waveguide port;

[0035] Figure 11 It is the gain pattern of the dual-circularly polarized bandwidth horn of an embodiment of the present utility model in the XZ plane at 100 GHz;

[0036] Figure 12 It is the axial ratio curve graph of the dual-circularly polarized bandwidth horn of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0037] Reference numerals:

[0038] 1 - Right rectangular waveguide; 2 - Left rectangular waveguide; 3 - Waveguide impedance matcher; 31 - First-stage semi-octagonal waveguide; 32 - Second-stage semi-octagonal waveguide; 33 - Third-stage semi-octagonal waveguide; 34 - Fourth-stage semi-octagonal waveguide; 4 - Rectangular partition; 5 - Circular polarizer; 6 - Step diaphragm; 61 - First-stage rectangular step diaphragm; 62 - Second-stage rectangular step diaphragm; 63 - Third-stage rectangular step diaphragm; 64 - Fourth-stage rectangular step diaphragm; 65 - Fifth-stage rectangular step diaphragm; 7 - Circular waveguide; 8 - Conical horn. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] The following makes a detailed description of the implementation manners of the present utility model. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope and application of the present utility model.

[0040] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element. Additionally, the connection can be for a fixing function or for a coupling or communication function.

[0041] It should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0042] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0043] The conversion and separation of left - hand and right - hand circularly polarized signals are usually achieved using traditional orthomode transducers, but they have problems such as large volume, complex structure, and difficult processing.

[0044] Refer to Figures 1 to 3 , embodiments of the present invention provide a compact dual - circular - polarization bandwidth horn, including: two waveguide ports, preferably two rectangular waveguide ports (such as the right rectangular waveguide 1 and the left rectangular waveguide 2), for receiving and inputting electromagnetic wave signals; two waveguide impedance matchers 3, each connected to the corresponding waveguide port to achieve impedance matching; a circular polarizer 5, connected to the waveguide impedance matcher 3, including: a circular waveguide 7, which is a tubular structure for propagating electromagnetic waves from the two waveguide impedance matchers 3 therein; a stepped diaphragm 6 is provided in the circular waveguide 7, arranged along the length direction of the circular waveguide 7 to form a stepped structure, dividing the interior of the circular waveguide 7 into two side cavities corresponding to the two waveguide impedance matchers 3, preferably two symmetric cavities; a conical horn 8, connected to the rear end of the circular polarizer 5, for radiating the synthesized circularly polarized signal to form the required radiation pattern. The stepped diaphragm 6 can be made of metal materials, such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum, etc.

[0045] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, in a preferred embodiment, the waveguide impedance matcher 3 includes a series of semi-octagonal waveguide structures with gradually decreasing cross-sections, achieving a smooth transition from a rectangular waveguide to a circular waveguide 7. Each semi-octagonal waveguide structure expands the operating bandwidth while maintaining the mode unchanged.

[0046] As Figure 2 shown, in a preferred embodiment, the waveguide impedance matcher 3 is composed of four stages of semi-octagonal waveguides, specifically including a first-stage semi-octagonal waveguide 31, a second-stage semi-octagonal waveguide 32, a third-stage semi-octagonal waveguide 33, and a fourth-stage semi-octagonal waveguide 34. The length of each stage of the semi-octagonal waveguide is λ / 8, where λ is the wavelength at the designed operating frequency.

[0047] Referring to Figure 1 , in a preferred embodiment, the two waveguide ports and the two waveguide impedance matchers 3 are separated by a common rectangular partition and are symmetrically arranged with respect to the common rectangular partition. Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 3 , in a more preferred embodiment, the stepped diaphragm 6 is connected to the common rectangular partition and has the same thickness. Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 3 , the stepped diaphragm is composed of multiple stages of rectangular steps. As Figure 3 shown, in a preferred embodiment, the stepped diaphragm 6 is composed of five stages of rectangular steps, specifically including a first-stage rectangular stepped diaphragm 61, a second-stage rectangular stepped diaphragm 62, a third-stage rectangular stepped diaphragm 63, a fourth-stage rectangular stepped diaphragm 64, and a fifth-stage rectangular stepped diaphragm 65.

[0048] The compact dual circular polarization bandwidth horn of the present utility model overcomes the technical problems of traditional circular polarization antennas through innovative design, realizing an antenna system with a simple, compact, and light mass structure. The stepped diaphragm design inside the circular polarizer adopted by the present utility model can effectively convert the received TE 10 mode and delay the phase, forming orthogonal TE 10 and TE 01 modes, and synthesizing TE 11The mode enables efficient conversion and separation of left - hand and right - hand circularly polarized signals without using traditional complex orthogonal mode converters. In addition, the multi - stage semi - octagonal waveguide structure of the waveguide impedance matcher not only shortens the transition size from the rectangular waveguide to the circular waveguide, but also expands the operating bandwidth while maintaining the mode unchanged, achieving broadband signal coverage. The antenna of the present utility model exhibits excellent performance in the operating frequency band, with return loss and isolation below - 20 dB, axial ratio below 1 dB, and cross - polarization less than - 20 dB, ensuring high - isolation and low - axial - ratio transmission quality, and guaranteeing good circular polarization performance and high circular polarization purity. Overall, the antenna of the present utility model, with its advantages of broadband width, high isolation, low axial ratio, compact structure, light weight, etc., meets the requirements of modern communication systems for high - performance antennas, while reducing the manufacturing difficulty and processing cost, being easy to process, having strong adaptability, and can be widely applied to various communication scenarios.

[0049] The following further describes specific embodiments of the present utility model.

[0050] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 simultaneously, a compact dual - circular - polarization bandwidth horn, including two rectangular waveguides, a waveguide impedance matcher 3, a common rectangular separator 4, a circular polarizer 5, and a conical horn 8; the two rectangular waveguides include a right - hand rectangular waveguide 1 and a left - hand rectangular waveguide 2; the circular polarizer 5 includes a stepped diaphragm 6 and a circular waveguide 7.

[0051] This embodiment provides a compact dual - circular - polarization bandwidth horn, as Figures 1 to 3 shown, including: two rectangular waveguides, including a right - hand rectangular waveguide 1 and a left - hand rectangular waveguide 2, symmetrically placed about the common rectangular separator 4. A waveguide impedance matcher 3, composed of four semi - octagonal waveguides, each with a different aspect ratio, and the cross - section decreases in order from the smallest to the largest number of stages. The first - stage semi - octagonal waveguide 31 is connected to the output end of the rectangular waveguide. A circular polarizer 5, composed of a stepped diaphragm 6 and a circular waveguide 7, and the height of each step of the stepped diaphragm 6 decreases in order from the smallest to the largest number of stages. The first - stage rectangular stepped diaphragm 61 is connected to the fourth - stage waveguide impedance matcher 34. A conical horn 7, connected to one end of the circular polarizer 5 where the fifth - stage rectangular stepped diaphragm 65 is located.

[0052] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the rectangular waveguide 1 and the waveguide impedance matcher 3. When a signal is excited at the rectangular waveguide port, the TE 10 mode in the rectangular waveguide 1 is transmitted to the circular waveguide 7 through the waveguide impedance matcher 3. Due to the presence of the stepped diaphragm 6, half of the TE 10 mode is rotated by 90° and converted into the TE 01 mode, and the phase is also delayed by 90° accordingly. The orthogonal modes TE with the same amplitude and a 90° phase difference10 and TE 01 are respectively converted into TE 11 mode in the circular polarizer 5, thus realizing left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization. The field mode of the ideal octagonal waveguide structure is close to that of the circular waveguide. In this example, a waveguide impedance matcher 3 between the rectangular waveguide 1 and the circular waveguide 7 is designed. Since the field modes corresponding to the main modes at the input port and the output port of the waveguide impedance matcher 3 are similar, by changing the aspect ratio of each stage of the semi-octagonal waveguide, a smooth transition from the rectangular waveguide field mode to the circular waveguide field mode is achieved. The dimensions corresponding to the waveguide impedance matcher 3 are as Figure 2 shown, a1 = 0.86 mm, a2 = 0.69 mm, a3 = 0.52 mm, a4 = 0.35 mm, b1 = 1.78 mm, b2 = 1.52 mm, b3 = 1.26 mm, b4 = 1 dmm, c1 = 0.495 mm, c2 = 0.636 mm, c3 = 0.777 mm, c4 = 0.919 mm.

[0053] Figure 3 Fig. shows a schematic diagram of the circular polarizer 5. A stepped diaphragm 6 is provided inside the circular polarizer 5. The thickness of the stepped diaphragm 6 is the same as that of the common rectangular partition 4, ts = 0.5 mm. The conversion and separation of left-handed and right-handed circular polarization signals are realized through the stepped diaphragm 6. Specifically, the dimensions corresponding to each stage of the rectangular stepped diaphragm are as Figure 3 shown, h1 = 2.4 mm, h2 = 1.3 mm, h3 = 0.912 mm, h4 = 0.558 mm, h5 = 0.25 mm, l1 = 0.5 mm, l2 = 0.2 mm, l3 = 0.835 mm, l4 = 1.2 mm, l5 = 1.2 mm.

[0054] The operating center frequency of the above-mentioned compact dual circular polarization bandwidth horn is 100 GHz. Figure 4 Fig. is the curve graph of the return loss and isolation degree of the compact dual circular polarization bandwidth horn of this embodiment in the operating frequency band. The return loss and isolation degree are lower than -20 dB, realizing a broadbandwidth and high isolation horn. Figures 5 to 10 As shown, the normalized far-field patterns of left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization in the XZ, 45° and YZ planes at 100 GHz, and the cross polarization is less than -20 dB. Figure 11 Fig. is the gain graph in the XZ plane at 100 GHz. Figure 12 Fig. is the axial ratio graph of left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization over the entire operating bandwidth, and the axial ratio is lower than 1 dB.

[0055] Through optimized design, the embodiment of the present utility model realizes a compact transition from a rectangular waveguide to a circular waveguide, and effectively converts and separates left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized signals during this process. Meanwhile, the complex orthomode transducer is omitted, thereby making the structure of the dual-circularly polarized horn antenna more concise and compact, reducing the weight, and lowering the manufacturing and processing difficulty and cost, and avoiding unnecessary mode coupling and energy loss. The return loss and isolation of the dual-circularly polarized horn antenna in the embodiment of the present utility model are both lower than -20 dB in the operating frequency band, the axial ratio is lower than 1 dB, and the cross polarization is less than -20 dB, featuring wide bandwidth, high isolation, and low axial ratio, ensuring good circular polarization performance and high circular polarization purity of the horn antenna. The structure of this embodiment is compact and easy to process, and can meet the requirements of different communication systems for antennas.

[0056] The above content is a further detailed description of the present utility model in combination with specific / preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present utility model is only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present utility model belongs, without departing from the concept of the present utility model, several alternatives or modifications can be made to these described embodiments, and these alternative or modified forms should all be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present utility model. In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "an embodiment", "some embodiments", "preferred embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present utility model. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. Without conflict, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples. Although the embodiments of the present utility model and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made herein without departing from the protection scope of the patent application.

Claims

1. A compact dual circular polarization broadband speaker, characterized in that: include: Two waveguide ports for receiving and inputting electromagnetic wave signals; Two waveguide impedance matchers are respectively connected to corresponding waveguide ports to achieve impedance matching; A circular polarizer, connected to the waveguide impedance matcher, comprises: a circular waveguide, which is a tubular structure, for propagating electromagnetic waves from two waveguide impedance matchers therein; A stepped diaphragm is arranged in the circular waveguide in a stepped structure along the length direction of the circular waveguide, and divides the interior of the circular waveguide into two side cavities corresponding to two waveguide impedance matchers; A conical horn is connected to the rear end of the circular polarizer and is used for radiating the synthesized circular polarization signal outward.

2. The compact dual circular polarization broadband loudspeaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide port is a rectangular waveguide port.

3. The compact dual circular polarization broadband loudspeaker as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The waveguide impedance matcher comprises a multi-stage semi-octagonal waveguide structure with decreasing cross sections, so as to realize a smooth transition from a rectangular waveguide to a circular waveguide.

4. The compact dual circular polarization broadband loudspeaker as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: Each level of semi-octagonal waveguide structure expands the working bandwidth while keeping the mode unchanged.

5. The compact dual circular polarization broadband loudspeaker as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The waveguide impedance matcher is composed of four levels of half-octagonal waveguides, and the length of each level of half-octagonal waveguide is λ / 8, where λ is the wavelength at the designed working frequency.

6. The compact dual circular polarization broadband loudspeaker according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The two waveguide ports and the two waveguide impedance matchers are separated by a common rectangular partition and are arranged symmetrically about the common rectangular partition.

7. The compact dual circular polarization broadband loudspeaker according to claim 6, characterized in that: The stepped diaphragm is connected to the common rectangular diaphragm and has the same thickness.

8. The compact dual circular polarization broadband loudspeaker according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The step-type diaphragm is composed of multiple rectangular steps.

9. The compact dual circular polarization broadband loudspeaker according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step-type diaphragm consists of five rectangular steps.

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