Shaft barrel tuning device for string instrument
By designing a chord musical instrument shaft barrel tuning device combined with the spiral subprime, the problem of easy sound running of the chord structure, excessive tuning amplitude, and easy loosening of the taper piano shaft is solved, and efficient and fine tuning and long-lasting maintenance of pitch are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421422207.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-21
AI Technical Summary
After the string limit tension of the string instrument increases, the tuning mechanism fails to be improved accordingly, resulting in problems such as easy to run the spindle structure, excessive tuning amplitude, and easy to loosen the taper shaft.
A tuning device for string musical instruments is designed, a shaft barrel made of light alloy, combined with the basic principle of the spiral pair, and the string tension is achieved through the cooperation of the string tube and the adjustment rod, thereby avoiding friction and loosening problems of the traditional chord structure.
It realizes the convenience and speed of tuning and the long-lasting maintenance of pitch. It has a small adjustment amplitude and a smooth fine-tuning function. It can finely adjust the tension of the strings to avoid problems of sound distraction and looseness.
Smart Images
Figure CN223038592U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of musical instruments, particularly to chordophones, and specifically to a tuning device for the axle barrel of a chordophone. Background Art
[0002] In chordophones, the three elements determining the pitch are the diameter and material of the strings, the effective length of the strings, and the tightness of the strings. The relationships among the three and the pitch (frequency f) can be expressed by the following formula:
[0003]
[0004] In the formula:
[0005] f - the vibration frequency (pitch) of the string;
[0006] P - the mass of the string per unit length (the diameter and material of the string);
[0007] L - the effective length (the length of the string);
[0008] n - the tension of the string (the tightness of the string).
[0009] Among them, after the musical instrument is manufactured and leaves the factory, the diameter and material of the string are already determined, that is, the mass P of the string per unit length is a fixed value. The effective length L of the string can be adjusted within a small range by the bridge to change the pitch. Usually, it is necessary to adjust the tension n of the string.
[0010] For the refinement of musical instrument tuning, the music industry divides a semitone into 100 parts, and one part is called 1 cent. It can be seen that a semitone is the smallest unit for measuring musical notes, and a cent is the smallest unit for measuring pitch accuracy. Therefore, when tuning, it is necessary to adjust the tension of the string within a very fine range.
[0011] As a musical instrument with a long history, chordophones are also constantly improved with the progress of modern industry. Among them, one of the biggest improvements is the use of metal strings to replace traditional animal and plant fiber strings, enabling the maximum tensile force that the strings can withstand to increase several times. The tension of a single string of some musical instruments can reach more than 100 kilograms, thus greatly expanding the pitch range of string music and enabling the performance of high-pitched and bright music. However, the tuning mechanism (the mechanism for supporting and adjusting the strings) that bears the steel string tension has not been correspondingly improved and still maintains the ancient string axle structure (the string axle passes through the axle hole on the instrument frame). The tuning mechanism commonly used in chordophones now is the string axle form, including conical wooden string axles, such as Chinese fiddles and violins; cylindrical metal string axles, such as pianos and dulcimers; and gear string axles, such as guitars and double basses. This does not match the high-strength steel wire tension very well, resulting in inevitable force deformation and out-of-tune, and the string axle tuning part has become a prominent weak link.
[0012] Specifically, first, the tuning peg structure is prone to going out of tune. Due to the long-term frictional fit between the tuning peg and the peg hole, it is very easy for the frictional force between the two to decrease, resulting in the out-of-tune situation. Second, the tuning amplitude is too large. In the tuning peg structure, the strings are wound around the tuning peg. When tuning is required, the tuning peg is rotated, and the strings contract or relax sharply. For each turn of tightening or loosening, the strings will scale by 20 to 40 mm. When entering the fine-tuning stage, it is required that the strings be precisely adjusted to a scale of dozens of micrometers for contraction and relaxation, which is very difficult to accurately control for the tuning peg structure. Third, the tapered tuning peg is prone to loosening. For some stringed instruments, such as erhu and violin, due to the cooperation between the tuning peg and the tapered peg hole, there is no effective binding force to maintain the stability of this cooperation, so the tuning peg loosens and goes out of tune.
[0013] In order to overcome the inherent defects of the tuning peg string-whorl structure, there are currently two innovative technologies that have been applied. The first is the worm and worm gear device. Its advantages are that the anti-backlash effect solves the problem of going out of tune, and the fine-tuning effect makes the tuning accurate and fast. The disadvantages are that the worm and worm gear mechanism requires high manufacturing precision. When there is a slight error in the relative position of the two shafts perpendicular to each other on different planes, the mechanism will jam or become loose, and the stability is poor. In addition, there is not enough space to arrange the worm and worm gear structure on instruments with a large number of strings (such as pianos and dulcimers). Therefore, so far, most stringed instruments still adhere to the use of traditional tuning mechanisms, and only guitars and some erhus use the worm and worm gear structure. The second is to install a string fine-tuner on the basis of the tuning peg string-whorl structure (which is widely used on erhus and violins). When tuning, first tune the tuning peg and then tune the fine-tuner to make the pitch more accurate. Its advantage is that it solves the problem of too large adjustment amplitude of the traditional tuning mechanism, and the disadvantage is that it cannot overcome the problem of the tuning peg loosening and going out of tune. Summary of the Invention
[0014] The utility model aims to solve the problems that the maximum tensile force that the strings of current stringed instruments can withstand has increased exponentially, while the tuning mechanism for bearing the tensile force of steel strings has not been correspondingly improved, resulting in problems such as the tuning peg structure being prone to going out of tune, the tuning amplitude being too large, and the tapered tuning peg being prone to loosening. A tuning device for the axle barrel of a stringed instrument is provided.
[0015] The utility model is realized by adopting the following technical solutions:
[0016] A tuning device for the axle barrel of a stringed instrument includes an axle barrel fixed on the neck of the instrument. A drawbar that slides axially is fitted inside the axle barrel. One end of the drawbar is installed with a string through a fixing device. The other end of the drawbar is internally screwed with an adjusting rod. The free end of the adjusting rod extends out of the drawbar and is fixedly connected to an adjusting handle. A limiting ring that restricts the axial movement of the adjusting rod is rotatably sleeved on the adjusting rod. The limiting ring is clamped between the adjusting handle and the axle barrel, and the outer wall of one end of the limiting ring is clamped inside the axle barrel.
[0017] During implementation, it includes a shaft barrel fixed on the neck of the instrument. The shaft barrel is made of lightweight alloy. There is a neck shaft hole on the neck of the instrument. The middle part of the shaft barrel is conical. The shaft barrel is fixed in the neck shaft hole through a positioning nut. The positioning nut is installed on one side of the tip of the conical shaft barrel. By using the taper of the shaft barrel and the positioning nut, the shaft barrel is clamped in the neck shaft hole. One end of the shaft barrel is internally screwed with an inner arc plug. That is, the smaller diameter end of the shaft barrel is provided with an internal thread for mating with the inner arc plug. The middle part of the inner arc plug is provided with a horn hole for passing the string. That is, the aperture of the horn hole in the middle of the inner arc plug facing the outside is larger than the aperture facing the inside (the fixed side of the string), which is convenient for the string to pass through the shaft barrel and change direction, avoiding friction between the string and the shaft barrel and affecting the quality of the string.
[0018] A string pulling tube that slides axially is fitted inside the shaft barrel. A hexagonal hole that mates with the string pulling tube is opened inside the shaft barrel. The hexagonal hole and the outer wall of the string pulling tube cooperate to restrict the rotation of the string pulling tube. One end of the string pulling tube is installed with a string through a fixing device. In particular, the end of the fixing device is connected with an installation sleeve with an inner diameter larger than that of the string, so that the string can extend from the installation sleeve and be stably and smoothly installed in the fixing device. The other end of the string pulling tube is internally screwed with an adjusting rod. The string pulling tube is provided with an internal thread that mates with the adjusting rod. The internal thread and the external thread at one end of the adjusting rod cooperate to pull the string pulling tube to slide axially. The free end of the adjusting rod extends out of the string pulling tube and is fixedly connected with an adjusting handle. A limiting ring that restricts the axial movement of the adjusting rod is rotatably sleeved on the adjusting rod. The limiting ring is rotatably installed at the fixed position of the adjusting rod. That is, the limiting ring rotates on the adjusting rod but does not move axially. The limiting ring is clamped between the adjusting handle and the shaft barrel. One end of the outer wall of the limiting ring is clamped inside the shaft barrel. The limiting ring includes a limiting nut and a limiting clamping ring connected coaxially. The outer diameter of the limiting clamping ring is larger than the distance between the opposite vertices of the limiting nut. The limiting nut is clamped at the end of the shaft barrel. That is, the limiting clamping ring is clamped outside the shaft barrel. The limiting clamping ring is clamped between the end face of the shaft barrel and the end face of the adjusting handle, restricting the axial movement of the adjusting rod. Scales are marked on both sides of the gap between the adjusting handle and the shaft barrel. Beginners can refer to the scales for tuning. The outer diameter of the limiting clamping ring is equal to the outer diameter of the contacting end face of the adjusting handle and equal to the outer diameter of the contacting end face of the shaft barrel.
[0019] During use, pass the smaller diameter end of the shaft barrel through the neck shaft hole on the neck of the instrument, tighten the positioning nut to lock and fix the shaft barrel and the neck of the instrument. Install the end of the string on the end of the string pulling tube using the fixing device. Insert the string pulling tube with the fixed string into the shaft barrel to complete the fixation of one end of the string. Put the adjusting rod fixedly connected with the adjusting handle through the limiting ring and then insert it into the shaft barrel, so that the adjusting rod is screwed on the string pulling tube. Clamp the limiting nut of the limiting ring in the shaft barrel to ensure that the adjusting handle and the shaft barrel are tightly clamped on both sides of the limiting clamping ring of the limiting ring. Pass the lower hanging wire ring of the string through the inner arc plug, so that the string extends out from the horn hole of the inner arc plug. Screw the inner arc plug into the end of the shaft barrel, and then hang the wire ring of the string on the hanging wire post at the bottom of the instrument stand to complete the installation.
[0020] When tuning, rotate the adjusting handle. The adjusting handle drives the adjusting rod to rotate synchronously. Due to the limitation of the limiting ring, as the adjusting rod rotates, the string-pulling tube moves slightly axially along the adjusting rod, and at the same time, the string is pulled to move slightly axially, realizing the fine adjustment of the string tension, that is, the tightness of the string.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
[0022] The stringed instrument axle barrel tuning device provided by the present utility model applies the basic principle of a screw pair and designs a metal axle barrel device to replace the original wooden string axle structure, realizing convenient and fast tuning and long-term maintenance of pitch accuracy. Through automatic locking of the mechanism, when the helix angle of the screw pair is less than the equivalent friction angle, as the wire tension increases, the friction force resisting loosening increases correspondingly and locks the mechanism, so that the pitch accuracy can be maintained for a long time and the pitch can be kept for a long time.
[0023] The overall adjustment range is small, and it has a stable fine-tuning function. When the adjusting wrench rotates by the same angle, the adjustment range of the screw pair structure is only 1 / 20 - 40 of that of the spindle structure. The adjustment is both precise and labor-saving. At the same time, the complicated fine-tuning accessories of the traditional string axle structure can be omitted.
[0024] For instruments supported by a neck such as violins and erhu, the axle barrel replaces the position of the spindle. The axle barrel can be integrally fixed with the neck rest or the neck. The axle barrel and the neck are fixed with a positioning nut, and there is no problem of the string axle loosening, completely eliminating the matching problem between the string axle and the neck, and realizing the stability of the structure.
[0025] Moreover, the axle barrel structure based on the screw pair principle and the worm and worm gear mechanism have the same principle. The screw pair is a simplified worm and worm gear mechanism. The process requirements of the screw pair structure are simpler, and there is no problem of the cooperation of two shafts perpendicular to each other in the worm and worm gear structure, and the volume is delicate. For instruments with a large number of strings, there is no space for arranging the worm and worm gear structure, and the axle barrel structure is more convenient for popularization and use; for instruments supported by a neck with fewer strings, the original string axle can be directly replaced by the axle barrel structure, and the appearance of the traditional instrument can be maintained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] Figure 1 It shows the overall structural schematic diagram of the device.
[0027] Figure 2 It shows the assembly schematic diagram of the axle barrel and the positioning nut.
[0028] Figure 3 It shows the structural schematic diagram of the axle barrel, the inner arc plug and the positioning nut.
[0029] Figure 4 It shows the structural schematic diagram of the string-pulling tube.
[0030] Figure 5 Indicates Figure 4 Schematic diagram in the direction of A in the figure.
[0031] Figure 6 Schematic diagram showing the structure of the adjusting handle, limit ring and adjusting rod.
[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram showing the structure of the limit ring.
[0033] In the figure: 1 - shaft barrel, 2 - inner arc plug, 3 - positioning nut, 4 - string pulling tube, 5 - fixing device, 6 - string, 7 - adjusting handle, 8 - limit ring, 801 - limit nut, 802 - limit snap ring, 9 - adjusting rod. Specific implementation mode
[0034] The following is a description of the present utility model in combination with specific embodiments.
[0035] A stringed instrument shaft barrel tuning device, as Figures 1 - 3 shown: It includes a shaft barrel 1 fixed on the neck of the instrument. The shaft barrel 1 is made of a lightweight alloy. There is a neck shaft hole on the neck of the instrument. The middle part of the shaft barrel 1 is conical. The shaft barrel 1 is fixed in the neck shaft hole through a positioning nut 3. The positioning nut 3 is installed on one side of the conical tip of the shaft barrel 1. By using the taper of the shaft barrel 1 and the positioning nut 3, the shaft barrel 1 is clamped in the neck shaft hole; An inner arc plug 2 is screwed into one end of the shaft barrel 1, that is, the small-diameter end of the shaft barrel is provided with an internal thread for cooperating with the inner arc plug 2. A trumpet hole for passing the string is opened in the middle of the inner arc plug 2, that is, the aperture of the trumpet hole in the middle of the inner arc plug 2 facing the outside is larger than the aperture facing the inside, which is convenient for the string 6 to pass through the shaft barrel 1 and change direction, avoiding friction between the string 6 and the shaft barrel 1 and extending the life of the string 6;
[0036] As Figure 4 , 5 shown: A string pulling tube 4 that slides axially is fitted inside the shaft barrel 1. A hexagonal hole for cooperating with the string pulling tube 4 is opened inside the shaft barrel 1. The hexagonal hole cooperates with the outer wall of the string pulling tube 4 to limit the rotation of the string pulling tube 4; One end of the string pulling tube 4 is installed with a string 6 through a fixing device 5. In particular, the end of the fixing device 5 is connected with an installation sleeve with an inner diameter larger than that of the string 6, so that the string can extend from the installation sleeve and be stably and smoothly installed in the fixing device 5, as Figure 6As shown in the figure: At the other end of the string-pulling tube 4, an adjusting rod 9 is internally screwed. An internal thread that cooperates with the adjusting rod 9 is provided inside the string-pulling tube 4. The internal thread cooperates with the external thread at one end of the adjusting rod 9 to drive the string-pulling tube 4 to slide axially. The free end of the adjusting rod 9 extends out of the string-pulling tube 4 and is fixedly connected to the adjusting handle 7. A limiting ring 8 that restricts the axial movement of the adjusting rod 9 is rotatably sleeved on the adjusting rod 9. The limiting ring 8 is rotatably installed at a fixed position on the adjusting rod 9. That is, the limiting ring 8 rotates on the adjusting rod 9 but does not move axially. The limiting ring 8 is clamped between the adjusting handle 7 and the shaft barrel 1. One end outer wall of the limiting ring 8 is clamped inside the shaft barrel 1. The limiting ring can be implemented in various forms to fix the axial position of the adjusting rod 9 while allowing free rotation in the circumferential direction. Among them, as Figure 7 shown in the figure: The limiting ring 8 includes a limiting nut 801 and a limiting clamping ring 802 that are coaxially connected. The outer diameter of the limiting clamping ring 802 is greater than the distance between the opposite vertices of the limiting nut 801. The limiting nut 801 is clamped at the end of the shaft barrel 1. That is, the limiting clamping ring 802 is clamped outside the shaft barrel. The limiting clamping ring 802 is clamped between the end face of the shaft barrel 1 and the end face of the adjusting handle 7 to restrict the axial movement of the adjusting rod 9. Scales are marked on both sides of the gap between the adjusting handle 7 and the shaft barrel 1. Beginners can refer to the scales for tuning. The outer diameter of the limiting clamping ring 802 is equal to the outer diameter of the end face of the contacting adjusting handle 7 and is equal to the outer diameter of the end face of the contacting shaft barrel 1.
[0037] During use, pass the end of the shaft barrel 1 with a smaller diameter through the string rod hole on the string rod, and tighten the positioning nut 3 to lock and fix the shaft barrel 1 and the string rod. Use the fixing device 5 to install the end of the string 6 at the end of the string-pulling tube 4. Insert the string-pulling tube 4 with the string 6 fixed into the shaft barrel 1 to complete the fixation of one end of the string 6. Gently pull the string 6 to keep the axial position of the string-pulling tube 4 unchanged. Put the limiting ring 8 on the adjusting rod 9 fixedly connected to the adjusting handle 7, and then insert it into the shaft barrel 1 so that the adjusting rod 9 is screwed onto the string-pulling tube 4. Clamp the limiting nut 801 of the limiting ring 8 in the shaft barrel 1 to ensure that the adjusting handle 7 and the shaft barrel 1 are tightly clamped on both sides of the limiting clamping ring 802 of the limiting ring 8. Pass the lower hanging wire ring of the string 6 through the inner arc plug 2 so that the string 6 extends out from the horn hole of the inner arc plug 2. Screw the inner arc plug 2 into the end of the shaft barrel 1, and then hang the wire ring of the string 6 on the hanging wire post at the bottom of the string stand to complete the installation. When applied to musical instruments with few strings such as erhu, violin, and sanxian, it can basically maintain the shape of traditional musical instruments, which is conducive to being accepted by traditional culture and convenient for popularization.
[0038] During tuning, rotate the adjusting handle 7. The adjusting handle 7 drives the adjusting rod 9 to rotate synchronously. Due to the restriction of the limiting ring 8, the adjusting rod 9 rotates, and the string-pulling tube 4 moves slightly axially on the adjusting rod 9, while pulling the string 6 to move slightly axially, realizing the fine adjustment of the string tension, that is, the tightness of the string.
[0039] The scope of protection claimed by the present utility model is not limited to the above specific embodiments. Moreover, for those skilled in the art, the present utility model can have various deformations and modifications. Any modification, improvement, and equivalent replacement made within the concept and principle of the present utility model shall be included within the scope of protection of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A tuning device for a stringed musical instrument, characterized in that: The invention comprises an axle barrel (1) fixed on the neck of a musical instrument, wherein a string tube (4) sliding in the axial direction is installed in the axle barrel (1), a string (6) is installed on one end of the string tube (4) through a fixing device (5), an adjusting rod (9) is screwed in the other end of the string tube (4), a free end of the adjusting rod (9) extends out of the string tube (4) and is fixedly connected to an adjusting handle (7), a limiting ring (8) is rotatably sleeved on the adjusting rod (9) for limiting the axial movement of the adjusting rod (9), the limiting ring (8) is clamped between the adjusting handle (7) and the axle barrel (1), and one end of the outer wall of the limiting ring (8) is clamped in the axle barrel (1).
2. The tuning device for a stringed musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting ring (8) is rotatably mounted at a fixed position of the adjusting rod (9), and the limiting ring (8) comprises a limiting nut (801) and a limiting snap ring (802) which are coaxially connected, the limiting nut (801) being clamped on the end of the shaft barrel (1), and the limiting snap ring (802) being clamped between the end surface of the shaft barrel (1) and the end surface of the adjusting handle (7).
3. The tuning device for a stringed musical instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the limiting clamp ring (802) is greater than the distance between the opposite vertices of the limiting nut (801), and the outer diameter of the limiting clamp ring (802) is equal to the outer diameter of the end face of the contacting adjustment handle (7), and is equal to the outer diameter of the end face of the contacting shaft barrel (1).
4. The tuning device for a stringed musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The neck of the guitar is provided with a neck shaft hole, in which a shaft barrel (1) is fixed via a positioning nut (3), an inner arc plug (2) is screwed inwardly at one end of the shaft barrel (1), and a horn hole for passing strings is provided in the middle of the inner arc plug (2).
5. The tuning device for a stringed musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft barrel (1) is provided with a hexagonal hole cooperating with the string-drawing tube (4), and the hexagonal hole cooperates with the outer wall of the string-drawing tube (4) to limit the rotation of the string-drawing tube (4); the string-drawing tube (4) is provided with an internal thread cooperating with the adjustment rod (9), and the internal thread cooperates with the external thread at one end of the adjustment rod (9) to pull the string-drawing tube (4) to slide axially.
6. The tuning device for a stringed musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both sides of the gap between the adjustment handle (7) and the shaft barrel (1) are marked with scales.
7. The tuning device for a stringed musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axle barrel (1) is made of light alloy.