City middle and small bridge and tunnel combined construction structure
By designing structures including the top piers, abutments, bridge superstructures and bridge deck systems in the urban and small bridges and tunnels, the problem of lack of unified design standards and processes in the existing technology has been solved, and structural stability, waterproof performance and landscape effects have been improved, and design and construction efficiency have been improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421615230.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-09
AI Technical Summary
In the urban and medium- and small bridges and tunnels combined, the existing technology lacks unified design standards and processes, resulting in low design and construction efficiency and difficulty in replicating experience, which has become a major difficulty in design.
A combined construction structure of urban medium and small bridges and tunnels including the top bridge piers at the tunnel, the top bridge piers at the tunnel range, the bridge piers at the tunnel range, the bridge superstructure and bridge deck system, tunnel, the bottom pile foundation at the tunnel and the pile foundation outside the tunnel range is proposed. By setting up waterproof layers, cushions and settlement joints, structural stability and waterproof performance are ensured, and wall-type structures and hollow decorations are adopted to improve the landscape effect.
The stability and sufficient safety factor of the lower bridge structure within the longitudinal slope of the tunnel are achieved, the waterproof performance of the tunnel is ensured, the structural force transmission path is simplified, the design and construction efficiency are improved, and the under-bridge landscape is improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN223047825U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the fields of bridge engineering and tunnel engineering, in particular to a combined structure of medium and small bridges and tunnels in cities. Background Technique
[0002] With the advancement of China's urbanization process, two urban space development ideas have emerged as the times require, developing upward such as overpasses and viaducts, and developing downward such as tunnels and tracks. Since overpasses and viaducts have a strong splitting effect on plots, and the environmental negative impacts such as noise and exhaust gas are also relatively prominent, in large and economically developed cities or regions, more tend to adopt the scheme of ground roads + tunnels to solve traffic pressure.
[0003] When the ground road and the tunnel are collinear in the plane, the lower structure of the ground bridge and the tunnel cannot be avoided, and thus two solutions are proposed: one is to design them separately in the form of bridge-tunnel separate construction; the other is to design them uniformly in the form of bridge-tunnel combined construction. Generally, the form of bridge-tunnel structure separate construction will be given priority to for separate design. With the development of the city, more and more underground expressway tunnels adopt two-way 6 or 8 lanes, and the tunnel section width reaches about 30m. The conventional bridge piers (abutments) of medium and small bridges generally cannot span the tunnel structure in one span horizontally, and building a large-span complex structure on an ordinary ground small bridge only to meet the bridge-tunnel separation design is obviously uneconomical and not conducive to later maintenance and repair. Therefore, the form of bridge-tunnel combined construction is adopted more and more. However, due to the large differences in the design standards, service environments, load conditions, etc. between the bridge and tunnel structures, there is no unified standard and design process in design, resulting in a variety of combined structure forms, and the design and construction requirements are also different from each other. After a bridge-tunnel structure is completed, the corresponding experience is difficult to replicate to another bridge, and the bridge-tunnel structure has also become a major difficulty in design.
[0004] Therefore, how to propose a combined structure of medium and small bridges that meets the design standard requirements of bridge structures and tunnel structures and can improve the design and construction efficiency under the premise of ensuring safety and economy has become an urgent problem to be solved. Content of the Utility Model
[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the utility model provides a combined structure of medium and small bridges and tunnels in cities.
[0006] The utility model is realized through the following technical solutions.
[0007] The utility model provides a combined structure of medium and small bridges and tunnels in cities, which includes piers on the top of the tunnel, abutments on the top of the tunnel, piers outside the tunnel range, abutments outside the tunnel range, the superstructure and decking of the bridge, the tunnel, the pile foundation at the bottom of the tunnel, and the pile foundation outside the tunnel range; the piers on the top of the tunnel include the capping beam on the top of the tunnel, the pier shaft on the top of the tunnel, and the pier cap of the pier on the top of the tunnel; the abutments on the top of the tunnel include the coping on the top of the tunnel, the abutment shaft on the top of the tunnel, and the abutment cap of the abutment on the top of the tunnel; the piers outside the tunnel range include the capping beam outside the tunnel range and the columns; the abutments outside the tunnel range include the coping outside the tunnel range, the abutment shaft outside the tunnel range, and the abutment cap outside the tunnel range; the superstructure and decking of the bridge include the main beam, the side median strip, the central median strip, and the sidewalk; the tunnel includes the tunnel roof slab, the tunnel floor slab, the tunnel side web, and the tunnel middle web;
[0008] Within the projection range of the pier cap of the pier on the top of the tunnel, a first waterproof layer is laid up to the pier cap of the pier on the top of the tunnel and turns up to cover the pier cap of the pier on the top of the tunnel, and is covered and sealed with a first closing protection layer;
[0009] Within the projection range of the abutment cap of the abutment on the top of the tunnel, a second waterproof layer is laid up to the abutment cap of the abutment on the top of the tunnel and turns up to cover the abutment cap of the abutment on the top of the tunnel, and is covered and sealed with a second closing protection layer.
[0010] Furthermore, the first waterproof layer and the second waterproof layer are selected and constructed according to the requirements of the tunnel waterproofing code. The first closing protection layer and the second protection layer are made of polymer waterproof cement mortar.
[0011] Furthermore, a cushion layer with a certain thickness is provided between the pier cap of the pier on the top of the tunnel and the tunnel roof slab for leveling; a cushion layer with a certain thickness is provided between the abutment cap of the abutment on the top of the tunnel and the tunnel roof slab for leveling.
[0012] Furthermore, the capping beam on the top of the tunnel is disconnected from the capping beam outside the tunnel range, and the structural joint between the capping beam on the top of the tunnel and the capping beam outside the tunnel range is located below the side median strip or the central median strip.
[0013] Furthermore, the pier shaft on the top of the tunnel adopts a wall structure, with hollowing or decoration.
[0014] Furthermore, the transverse length of the pier shaft on the top of the tunnel and the pier cap of the pier on the top of the tunnel does not exceed the cross-sectional length of the tunnel, and the transverse length of the abutment shaft on the top of the tunnel and the abutment cap of the abutment on the top of the tunnel does not exceed the cross-sectional length of the tunnel.
[0015] Furthermore, the pile foundation at the bottom of the tunnel is arranged under the tunnel floor slab and is aligned with the tunnel side web and the tunnel middle web, and the pile foundation at the bottom of the tunnel located at the position of the tunnel side web is 50 cm away from the tunnel structure side line.
[0016] Furthermore, the tunnel structure within the projection range of the bridge is continuous to avoid adverse uneven settlement.
[0017] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:
[0018] 1. Within the projection range of the pier (abutment) cap at the top of the tunnel, no waterproof layer is provided on the tunnel roof slab. In this way, the friction coefficient between the cushion layer of the pier (abutment) cap at the top of the tunnel and the tunnel roof slab is large, and within the possible variation range of the longitudinal slope of the tunnel, the lower bridge structure can remain stable and have a sufficient safety factor.
[0019] 2. The waterproof layer is laid up to the pier (abutment) cap at the top of the tunnel and turns up to cover the pier (abutment) cap at the top of the tunnel, and is covered and sealed with a closing protective layer to ensure that the waterproof performance of the tunnel is not affected.
[0020] 3. The pier shaft at the top of the tunnel adopts a wall-type structure, with a small amount of hollowing or decoration, which has a certain improvement effect on the landscape effect under the bridge.
[0021] 4. The bridge structure within the tunnel range is not connected to the bridge structure outside the tunnel range, and no structural joints are provided in the tunnel within the projection range of the bridge. The force transmission path of the overall structure is simple and clear, and the design of the bridge-tunnel structure within the tunnel range is clearly divided and reasonable, which can ensure the structural safety and improve the design efficiency.
[0022] 5. The transverse length of the pier shaft (abutment shaft) and the pier (abutment) cap at the top of the tunnel does not exceed the cross-sectional length of the tunnel, which can avoid the tunnel foundation pit enclosure structure and is convenient for construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] Figure 1 It is a longitudinal bridge-section schematic diagram C-C of the bridge-tunnel combined structure;
[0024] Figure 2 It is a longitudinal bridge-section schematic diagram D-D of the bridge-tunnel combined structure;
[0025] Figure 3 It is a transverse bridge-section schematic diagram A-A of the bridge-tunnel combined structure;
[0026] Figure 4 It is a transverse bridge-section schematic diagram B-B of the bridge-tunnel combined structure (the settlement joint is arranged under the median strip);
[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure with the settlement joint arranged under the central median strip;
[0028] Figure 6 It is Figure 1 a large-scale schematic diagram of the waterproofing method for the pier cap at the top of the tunnel in
[0029] Figure 7 a large-scale schematic diagram of the waterproofing method for the abutment cap at the top of the tunnel;
[0030] Figure 8 It isFigure 4 Large-scale schematic diagram of the settlement joint practice
[0031] In the figure:
[0032] 1 - Pier on the top of the tunnel, 2 - Abutment on the top of the tunnel, 3 - Pier outside the tunnel scope, 4 - Abutment outside the tunnel scope, 5 - Superstructure and deck system of the bridge, 6 - Tunnel, 7 - Pile foundation at the bottom of the tunnel, 8 - Pile foundation outside the tunnel scope, 10 - Settlement joint, 11 - Pier shaft on the top of the tunnel, 12 - Capping beam on the top of the tunnel, 13 - Pier cap of the pier on the top of the tunnel, 14 - Hollowing or decoration, 21 - Abutment shaft on the top of the tunnel, 22 - Abutment cap on the top of the tunnel, 23 - Abutment cap of the abutment on the top of the tunnel, 31 - Capping beam outside the tunnel scope, 32 - Column, 41 - Abutment cap outside the tunnel scope, 42 - Abutment shaft outside the tunnel scope, 43 - Abutment cap outside the tunnel scope, 51 - Side median strip, 52 - Central median strip, 53 - Footpath, 54 - Main girder, 61 - Tunnel roof slab, 62 - Tunnel floor slab, 63 - Tunnel side web, 64 - Tunnel middle web, 91 - First protective layer, 92 - First cushion layer, 93 - First closing protective layer, 94 - First waterproof layer, 101 - Second protective layer, 102 - Second cushion layer, 103 - Second closing protective layer, 104 - Second waterproof layer. Detailed implementation manners
[0033] The following further explains the structures involved in the present utility model or the technical terms used herein. These explanations are merely examples to illustrate how the present utility model is implemented and shall not constitute any limitation to the present utility model.
[0034] In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left" and "right" etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated positions or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second" etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0035] In the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, terms such as "connection", "fixation" etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0036] This embodiment introduces a combined structure of medium and small bridges and tunnels in the city, which is applicable to the combination of medium and small bridges and tunnels. Refer to the appendix Figures 1-8 , which includes pier 1 on the top of the tunnel, abutment 2 on the top of the tunnel, pier 3 outside the tunnel range, abutment 4 outside the tunnel range, bridge superstructure and deck system 5, tunnel 6, pile foundation 7 at the bottom of the tunnel, and pile foundation 8 outside the tunnel range. The bridge superstructure and deck system 5 is erected on pier 1 on the top of the tunnel, abutment 2 on the top of the tunnel, pier 3 outside the tunnel range, and abutment 4 outside the tunnel range. Pier 1 on the top of the tunnel and abutment 2 on the top of the tunnel are erected on tunnel 6. Pile foundation 7 at the bottom of the tunnel is arranged under tunnel 6, and pile foundation 8 outside the tunnel range is directly arranged under pier 3 outside the tunnel range and abutment 4 outside the tunnel range.
[0037] As Figure 3 shown, the pier 1 on the top of the tunnel includes a capping beam 12 on the top of the tunnel, a pier shaft 11 on the top of the tunnel, and a pier cap 13 on the top of the tunnel, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. A small amount of hollowing 14 is provided on the peripheral side of the pier shaft 11 on the top of the tunnel.
[0038] As Figure 4 shown, the abutment 2 on the top of the tunnel includes a coping 22 on the top of the tunnel, a abutment shaft 21 on the top of the tunnel, and a abutment cap 23 on the top of the tunnel, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom.
[0039] As Figure 3 shown, the pier 3 outside the tunnel range includes a capping beam 31 above and a column 32 below.
[0040] As Figure 4 shown, the abutment 4 outside the tunnel range includes a coping 41 on the outside of the tunnel, a abutment shaft 42 on the outside of the tunnel, and a abutment cap 43 on the outside of the tunnel, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom.
[0041] As Figure 3 , 4 shown, the bridge superstructure and deck system 5 includes a main beam 54 and a side separation strip 51, a median strip 52, and a sidewalk 53 arranged on the main beam 54. The median strip 52 is located in the middle position, the side separation strip 51 is located on both sides of the median strip 52, and the sidewalk 53 is located on both sides of the main beam 54.
[0042] As Figure 3 , 4 shown, the tunnel 6 includes a tunnel roof 61, a tunnel floor 62, tunnel side webs 63, and a tunnel middle web 64. The tunnel middle web 64 is located between the two tunnels of the tunnel 6 to separate the two tunnels.
[0043] As Figure 3As shown, the capping beam 12 at the top of the tunnel is structurally discontinuous with the capping beam 31 outside the tunnel scope. The cantilever length of the capping beam 12 at the top of the tunnel is adjusted according to the position of the side median strip 51 and the position of the bearing of the main girder 54 to ensure that the structural joint between the capping beam 12 at the top of the tunnel and the capping beam 31 outside the tunnel scope is located below the side median strip 51.
[0044] As Figure 3 shown, the pier shaft 11 at the top of the tunnel adopts a wall-type structure and is provided with a diamond-shaped hollow decoration 14, which has a certain improvement effect on the landscape effect under the bridge.
[0045] As Figure 3 shown, the transverse length of the pier shaft 11 at the top of the tunnel and the pier cap 13 at the top of the tunnel is consistent with the cross-sectional length of the tunnel 6.
[0046] As Figure 6 shown, a 20-cm-thick first cushion layer 92 is provided between the pier cap 13 at the top of the tunnel and the tunnel roof slab 61 for leveling.
[0047] As Figure 6 shown, within the projection range of the pier cap 13 at the top of the tunnel, the first waterproof layer 94 and the first protective layer 91 are not provided on the tunnel roof slab 61. The first waterproof layer 94 is laid to the pier cap 13 at the top of the tunnel and turns up to cover the pier cap 13 at the top of the tunnel, and is covered and sealed with the first closing protective layer 93.
[0048] As Figure 4 、 5 、8 shown, a settlement joint 10 is provided between the capping beam 22 at the top of the tunnel and the capping beam 41 outside the tunnel scope. The settlement joint 10 is located below the side median strip 51 ( Figure 4 ) or the central median strip 52 ( Figure 5 ). The cantilever length of the capping beam 22 at the top of the tunnel is adjusted according to the position of the side median strip 51 or the central median strip 52 to ensure that the settlement joint 10 between the capping beam 22 at the top of the tunnel and the capping beam 41 outside the tunnel scope is located below the side median strip 51 or the central median strip 52.
[0049] If the settlement joint 10 is under the driving lane, with the action of vehicle loads, the road surface generally cracks, affecting driving safety and comfort. In the present utility model, the settlement joint 10 is arranged under the side median strip 51 or the central median strip 52, so that the driving lane will not be affected by uneven settlement, ensuring driving comfort and the durability of the bridge deck pavement.
[0050] Both the abutment body 21 at the top of the tunnel and the abutment body 42 outside the tunnel scope adopt a light thin-wall structure, and the backfill behind the abutment is made of lightweight foam concrete.
[0051] The transverse length of the abutment body 21 at the top of the tunnel and the abutment cap 23 at the top of the tunnel is consistent with the cross-sectional length of the tunnel 6.
[0052] As Figure 8As shown, outside the tunnel range, the abutment body 42 extends towards the tunnel 6 side, leaving a space for the settlement joint 10 with the abutment body 21 at the tunnel top.
[0053] As Figure 8 shown, outside the tunnel range, a space for the settlement joint 10 is left between the overhanging part of the abutment cap 22 at the tunnel top and the abutment body 42.
[0054] As Figure 7 shown, a second cushion layer 102 with a thickness of 20 cm is provided between the pier cap 23 at the tunnel top and the tunnel roof slab 61 for leveling.
[0055] As Figure 7 shown, within the projection range of the pier cap 23 at the tunnel top, the second waterproof layer 104 and the second protective layer 101 are not provided on the tunnel roof slab 61. The second waterproof layer 104 is laid up to the pier cap 23 at the tunnel top and turns up to cover the pier cap 23 at the tunnel top, and is covered and sealed with the second closing protective layer 103.
[0056] Within the projection range of the pier (abutment) cap at the tunnel top, the waterproof layer is not provided on the tunnel roof slab, so that the friction coefficient between the cushion layer of the pier (abutment) cap at the tunnel top and the tunnel roof slab is large. Within the possible change range of the tunnel longitudinal slope, the lower structure of the bridge can maintain stability and have a sufficient safety factor. The waterproof layer is laid up to the pier (abutment) cap at the tunnel top and turns up to cover the pier (abutment) cap at the tunnel top, and is covered and sealed with the closing protective layer, ensuring that the waterproof performance of the tunnel is not affected.
[0057] As Figure 6 、 7 shown, the pier cap 13 at the tunnel top and the abutment cap 23 at the tunnel top are of an enlarged foundation structure, considering a 45° stress diffusion angle.
[0058] As Figure 3 、 4 shown, the pile foundation 7 at the tunnel bottom is arranged under the tunnel floor slab 62 and is aligned with the tunnel side web 63 and the tunnel middle web 64. The pile foundation 7 at the position of the tunnel side web 63 is 50 cm away from the structural edge line of the tunnel 6.
[0059] The tunnel 6 structure is continuous within the projection range of the bridge.
[0060] The bridge structure inside and outside the tunnel range is not connected. No structural joint is provided in the tunnel 6 within the projection range of the bridge. The overall structure force transmission path is simple and clear. The design division of labor of the bridge-tunnel structure within the tunnel range is clear and reasonable, which can ensure the structural safety and improve the design efficiency.
[0061] The width of the settlement joint 10 is 2 cm, and it is filled with bituminous mastic.
[0062] The first waterproof layer 94 and the second waterproof layer 104 are successively composed of a one-component polyurethane waterproof coating reinforcement layer, a one-component polyurethane waterproof coating, and a paper tire asphalt felt isolation layer from the inside to the outside, with good waterproof performance.
[0063] The first protective layer 91 and the second protective layer 101 are made of 7 cm fine aggregate concrete.
[0064] The first closing protective layer 93 and the second closing protective layer 103 are made of polymer waterproof cement mortar, with excellent closing protection performance.
[0065] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A structure of small and medium-sized bridges and tunnels in a city, comprising a tunnel top pier, a tunnel top abutment, a tunnel outside the tunnel range pier, a tunnel outside the tunnel range abutment, a bridge superstructure and a bridge deck system, a tunnel, a tunnel bottom pile foundation and a tunnel outside the tunnel range pile foundation; the tunnel top pier comprises a tunnel top cap beam, a tunnel top pier body and a tunnel top pier cap; the tunnel top abutment comprises a tunnel top cap, a tunnel top abutment body and a tunnel top abutment cap; the tunnel outside the tunnel range pier comprises a tunnel outside the tunnel range cap beam and a column; the tunnel outside the tunnel range abutment comprises a tunnel outside the tunnel range cap, a tunnel outside the tunnel range abutment body and a tunnel outside the tunnel range abutment; the bridge superstructure and bridge deck system comprises a main beam, a side strip, a center strip and a sidewalk; the tunnel comprises a tunnel top plate, a tunnel bottom plate, a tunnel side web plate and a tunnel middle web plate; characterized in that: A first waterproof layer is arranged within the projection range of the bridge pier cap at the top of the tunnel, and is laid to the bridge pier cap at the top of the tunnel, and is turned up to cover the bridge pier cap at the top of the tunnel, and is covered and sealed with a first closing protective layer; A second waterproof layer is arranged within the projection range of the tunnel top abutment cap, which is laid to the tunnel top abutment cap and then turned up to cover the tunnel top abutment cap, and a second closing protective layer is used to cover and seal it.
2. The urban medium and small bridge and tunnel combined structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: A cushion layer of certain thickness is set between the bridge pier cap at the top of the tunnel and the tunnel roof for leveling; a cushion layer of certain thickness is set between the bridge abutment cap at the top of the tunnel and the tunnel roof for leveling.
3. The urban medium and small bridge and tunnel combined structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: The tunnel top cap beam is disconnected from the tunnel outer cap beam, and the structural fracture between the tunnel top cap beam and the tunnel outer cap beam is located below the side dividing strip or the middle dividing strip.
4. The urban medium and small bridge and tunnel combined structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: The top pier of the tunnel adopts a light wall structure with hollowing or decoration.
5. The urban medium and small bridge and tunnel combined structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: The transverse length of the pier body and the pier cap at the top of the tunnel in the bridge direction shall not exceed the cross-sectional length of the tunnel, and the transverse length of the abutment body and the abutment cap at the top of the tunnel in the bridge direction shall not exceed the cross-sectional length of the tunnel.
6. The urban medium and small bridge and tunnel combined structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: The tunnel bottom pile foundation is arranged under the tunnel floor and aligned with the tunnel side web and the tunnel middle web. The tunnel bottom pile foundation located at the tunnel side web is 50 cm away from the tunnel structure edge line.
7. The urban medium and small bridge and tunnel combined structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: The tunnel structure within the projection range of the bridge is continuous.