Shell and tube heat exchanger and heat exchange system

Abstract

The utility model provides a shell and tube heat exchanger and a heat exchange system. The shell and tube heat exchanger comprises a shell; a tube plate assembly; a first heat exchange tube; and a liquid homogenizing sheet. According to the shell and tube heat exchanger and the heat exchange system, the liquid homogenizing piece is arranged at the first end of the first heat exchange tube of the heat exchange tubes, and the flow area of the first end of the first heat exchange tube of the first heat exchange tube is directly adjusted, so that the liquid supply uniformity of the liquid inlet cavity to the first heat exchange tube is high, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. The heat exchange efficiency of the shell and tube heat exchanger in a refrigeration mode is effectively improved, and the liquid uniformizing sheet can be switched to the second state to completely open the first end of the first heat exchange tube. According to the shell and tube heat exchanger, the gas-liquid mixture can smoothly flow into the liquid inlet cavity through the first end of the first heat exchange tube for circulation in the heating mode, the flowing resistance of the impingement plate to the gas-liquid mixture in the prior art is reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency of the shell and tube heat exchanger in the heating mode is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of heat exchange equipment, in particular to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a heat exchange system. Background Art

[0002] At present, in an air-conditioning refrigeration system, shell-and-tube heat exchangers are divided into three major structural forms: flooded type, falling film type, and dry type. Among them, dry evaporators are commonly used in small refrigeration systems due to their compact structure. A dry evaporator generally consists of a refrigerant inlet pipe, a refrigerant liquid storage tank, a tube box with a baffle plate for splitting the flow, a tube sheet, heat exchange tubes, and a shell. Usually, a simple impact plate is provided inside the refrigerant tube box to prevent the liquid refrigerant on the inlet pipe side from directly flushing the heat exchange tubes under refrigeration conditions. However, there is still a spacing between the impact plate and the end of the heat exchange tube for the convenience of installation. This spacing causes the liquid refrigerant to converge again and cannot evenly distribute the refrigerant into each heat exchange tube, resulting in the bottom heat exchange tubes being filled with refrigerant liquid, while the top heat exchange tubes cannot be fully heat-exchanged due to insufficient refrigerant in the tubes, making the overall heat exchange effect poor under refrigeration conditions. Under heating conditions, by switching the four-way valve of the heat exchange system, the dry evaporator acts as a condenser in the heat exchange system at this time, and the impact plate will increase the flow resistance of the gas-liquid two-phase mixed refrigerant, seriously affecting the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. Summary of the Utility Model

[0003] In order to solve the technical problem that the existing impact plate cannot reliably equalize the liquid under refrigeration conditions and will increase the flow resistance of the gas-liquid two-phase mixed refrigerant under heating conditions, thereby affecting the heat exchange efficiency, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a heat exchange system are provided, which use a liquid equalizing plate to adjust the effective flow area at the first end of the first heat exchange tube to ensure the heat exchange efficiency in both heating and refrigeration modes.

[0004] A shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes:

[0005] A shell;

[0006] A tube sheet assembly, which is arranged inside the shell, and the tube sheet assembly divides the interior of the shell into a liquid inlet chamber and a heat exchange chamber;

[0007] A first heat exchange tube, which is arranged in the heat exchange chamber, and the first end of the first heat exchange tube is communicated with the liquid inlet chamber;

[0008] A liquid equalizing sheet, which is arranged at the first end of the first heat exchange tube, and the liquid equalizing sheet is provided with flow equalizing holes, and the liquid equalizing sheet has a first state in which the effective flow area at the first end of the first heat exchange tube is the flow area of the flow equalizing holes and a second state in which the effective flow area at the first end of the first heat exchange tube is the flow area at the first end of the first heat exchange tube.

[0009] The shell-and-tube heat exchanger has a refrigeration mode and a heating mode;

[0010] When the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is in the refrigeration mode, the liquid distribution plate is in the first state;

[0011] When the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is in the heating mode, the liquid distribution plate is in the second state.

[0012] The tube sheet assembly includes a first tube sheet. The first tube sheet is arranged in the shell, and the first tube sheet and the shell jointly enclose the liquid inlet chamber. The first end of the first heat exchange tube is arranged on the first tube sheet.

[0013] A pivoting structure is arranged on the first tube sheet. The liquid distribution plate is hinged to the pivoting structure, and the liquid distribution plate switches between the first state and the second state by rotating.

[0014] The first tube sheet has a first side facing the liquid inlet chamber. When the liquid distribution plate is in the first state, the liquid distribution plate fits against the first side. The first side has an angle α with the vertical plane, and the angle range of the angle α is from 1° to 5°.

[0015] The shell-and-tube heat exchanger further includes a second heat exchange tube. Along the central axis direction of the shell, the tube sheet assembly divides the shell into a first water chamber, the heat exchange chamber, and a second water chamber. The tube sheet assembly divides the first water chamber into an air outlet chamber and the liquid inlet chamber. The second end of the first heat exchange tube communicates with the second water chamber. The second heat exchange tube is arranged in the heat exchange chamber, and one end of the second heat exchange tube communicates with the second water chamber, and the other end communicates with the air outlet chamber.

[0016] The shell-and-tube heat exchanger further includes a liquid return pipe. The liquid return pipe is located at the bottom of the heat exchange chamber, and the first end of the liquid return pipe communicates with the liquid inlet chamber, and the second end communicates with the second water chamber.

[0017] The shell-and-tube heat exchanger further includes a liquid baffle. The liquid baffle is arranged at the first end of the liquid return pipe, and the liquid baffle has a third state of closing the first end of the liquid return pipe and a fourth state of opening the first end of the liquid return pipe.

[0018] The shell-and-tube heat exchanger has a refrigeration mode and a heating mode;

[0019] When the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is in the refrigeration mode, the liquid baffle is in the third state;

[0020] When the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is in the heating mode, the liquid baffle is in the fourth state.

[0021] The tube sheet assembly includes a first tube sheet disposed within the housing, and the first tube sheet and the housing jointly define the liquid inlet chamber. The first end of the liquid return pipe is disposed on the first tube sheet, and the liquid baffle is disposed on the first tube sheet.

[0022] A pivoting structure is provided on the first tube sheet, and the liquid baffle is hinged to the pivoting structure and switches between the third state and the fourth state by rotation.

[0023] The first tube sheet has a first side facing the liquid inlet chamber. When the liquid baffle is in the third state, the liquid baffle is in contact with the first side, and the first side has an angle α with the vertical plane, and the angle range of the angle α is from 1° to 5°.

[0024] A liquid inlet is provided on the housing, and the liquid inlet is in communication with the liquid inlet chamber, and the sum of the flow areas of all the flow equalizing holes is less than or equal to the flow area of the liquid inlet.

[0025] A heat exchange system includes the above shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0026] The shell-and-tube heat exchanger and the heat exchange system provided by the present invention directly adjust the flow area of the first end of the first heat exchange tube by providing a liquid equalizing sheet at the first end of the first heat exchange tube of the heat exchange tube, so that the liquid supply from the liquid inlet chamber to the first heat exchange tube is highly uniform, effectively avoiding the problem of uneven distribution of the liquid refrigerant caused by the distance between the impact plate and the end of the heat exchange tube in the prior art, effectively improving the heat exchange efficiency of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger in the refrigeration mode, and the liquid equalizing sheet can also be switched to the second state to completely open the first end of the first heat exchange tube of the first heat exchange tube, so that the gas-liquid mixture can smoothly flow through the first end of the first heat exchange tube of the first heat exchange tube into the liquid inlet chamber for circulation in the heating mode, reducing the flow resistance of the gas-liquid mixture by the impact plate in the prior art and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger in the heating mode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is a side view of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 is another schematic structural diagram of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 is another schematic structural diagram of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is the other side view of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0032] Figure 6 This is the partial schematic diagram of the first tube sheet of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0033] Figure 7 This is the partial cross-sectional view of the first tube sheet of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0034] Figure 8 This is the structural schematic diagram of the flow equalizing plate of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0035] Figure 9 This is the structural schematic diagram of the baffle plate of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0036] Figure 10 This is the refrigerant flow diagram of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the present utility model in the refrigeration mode;

[0037] Figure 11 This is the state schematic diagram of the flow equalizing plate and the baffle plate of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the present utility model in the refrigeration mode;

[0038] Figure 12 This is the refrigerant flow diagram of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the present utility model in the heating mode;

[0039] Figure 13 This is the state schematic diagram of the flow equalizing plate and the baffle plate of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the present utility model in the heating mode;

[0040] In the figure:

[0041] 1. Shell; 11. Liquid inlet chamber; 12. Heat exchange chamber; 2. First heat exchange tube; 3. Flow equalizing plate; 31. Flow equalizing holes; 41. First tube sheet; 42. Pivoting structure; 5. Second heat exchange tube; 13. Gas outlet chamber; 14. Second water chamber; 6. Return liquid pipe; 7. Liquid baffle; 15. Liquid inlet. Specific embodiments

[0042] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present utility model and are not used to limit the present utility model.

[0043] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present utility model, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part rather than all of the embodiments of the present utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0044] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present utility model and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and do not necessarily need to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances for the embodiments of the present utility model described herein. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those clearly listed steps or units, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0045] It should be noted that in the description of the present utility model, the terms indicating directions or positional relationships such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0046] In addition, it should be further noted that in the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "set", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can also be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0047] Currently, in an air-conditioning refrigeration system, shell-and-tube heat exchangers are divided into three major structural forms: flooded type, falling film type, and dry type. Among them, dry evaporators are commonly used in small refrigeration systems due to their compact structure. A dry evaporator generally consists of a refrigerant inlet pipe, a refrigerant liquid storage tank, a tube sheet with a baffle plate for splitting the flow, a tube plate, heat exchange tubes, and a shell. Usually, a simple impact plate is provided inside the refrigerant tube sheet to prevent the liquid refrigerant on the inlet pipe side from directly flushing the heat exchange tubes under refrigeration conditions. However, there is still a spacing between the impact plate and the end of the heat exchange tube for convenient installation. This spacing causes the liquid refrigerant to converge again and cannot evenly distribute the refrigerant into each heat exchange tube, resulting in the bottom heat exchange tubes being filled with refrigerant liquid, while the top heat exchange tubes cannot fully exchange heat due to insufficient refrigerant in the tubes, resulting in poor overall heat exchange effect under refrigeration conditions. Under heating conditions, by switching the four-way valve of the heat exchange system, the dry evaporator acts as a condenser in the heat exchange system at this time, and the impact plate will increase the flow resistance of the gas-liquid two-phase mixed refrigerant, seriously affecting the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. For this reason, the present application provides a shell-and-tube heat exchanger as shown in Figures 1 to 13 The shell-and-tube heat exchanger shown includes: a shell 1; a tube sheet assembly disposed inside the shell 1, and the tube sheet assembly divides the interior of the shell 1 into a liquid inlet chamber 11 and a heat exchange chamber 12; a first heat exchange tube 2 disposed in the heat exchange chamber 12, and a first end of the first heat exchange tube 2 communicates with the liquid inlet chamber 11; a liquid equalizing plate 3 disposed at the first end of the first heat exchange tube 2, and flow equalizing holes 31 are provided on the liquid equalizing plate 3, and the liquid equalizing plate 3 has a first state in which the effective flow area at the first end of the first heat exchange tube 2 is the flow area of the flow equalizing holes 31 and a second state in which the effective flow area at the first end of the first heat exchange tube 2 is the flow area at the first end of the first heat exchange tube 2. By providing a liquid equalizing plate 3 at the first end of the heat exchange tube, the flow area at the first end of the first heat exchange tube 2 is directly adjusted, so that the liquid supply from the liquid inlet chamber 11 to the first heat exchange tube 2 is highly uniform, effectively avoiding the problem of uneven distribution of liquid refrigerant caused by the spacing between the impact plate and the end of the heat exchange tube in the prior art, effectively improving the heat exchange efficiency of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger in the refrigeration mode, and the liquid equalizing plate 3 can also be switched to the second state to completely open the first end of the first heat exchange tube 2, so that the gas-liquid mixture can smoothly flow into the liquid inlet chamber 11 through the first end of the first heat exchange tube 2 for circulation in the heating mode, reducing the flow resistance of the impact plate to the gas-liquid mixture in the prior art and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger in the heating mode.

[0048] Among them, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger has a refrigeration mode and a heating mode;

[0049] When the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is in the refrigeration mode, the liquid refrigerant is sent from the outside of the housing 1 into the liquid inlet chamber 11. At this time, the liquid refrigerant will impact the liquid distribution plate 3 and squeeze the liquid distribution plate 3 towards the first end of the first heat exchange tube 2 of the first heat exchange tube 2. At this time, the liquid distribution plate 3 is in the first state, so as to change the flow area of the first end of the first heat exchange tube 2 of the first heat exchange tube 2, so that each first heat exchange tube 2 can obtain basically equal amounts of refrigerant, achieving the effect of uniformly distributing the liquid refrigerant and ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger in the refrigeration mode;

[0050] When the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is in the heating mode, the gaseous refrigerant is sent into the first heat exchange tube 2 for heat exchange, and during the heat exchange process, part of the gaseous refrigerant will condense into liquid refrigerant to form a gas-liquid mixture. The gas-liquid mixture finally flows into the liquid inlet chamber 11 through the first end of the first heat exchange tube 2 of the first heat exchange tube 2. At this time, the liquid distribution plate 3 is in the second state, and the liquid distribution plate 3 will not affect the flow of the gas-liquid mixture, reducing the flow resistance of the gas-liquid mixture and ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger in the heating mode.

[0051] As an implementation manner, the tube sheet assembly includes a first tube sheet 41. The first tube sheet 41 is arranged inside the housing 1, and the first tube sheet 41 and the housing 1 together enclose the liquid inlet chamber 11. The first end of the first heat exchange tube 2 of the first heat exchange tube 2 is arranged on the first tube sheet 41. The first tube sheet 41 is used to separate the internal space of the housing 1, so as to separate and seal the liquid inlet chamber 11 and the heat exchange chamber 12. At the same time, the first tube sheet 41 can also fix the first end of the first heat exchange tube 2 of the first heat exchange tube 2, and at the same time, the liquid distribution plate is arranged on the first tube sheet 41, which is convenient for the installation of the liquid distribution plate.

[0052] A pivoting structure 42 is arranged on the first tube sheet 41. The liquid distribution plate 3 is hinged to the pivoting structure 42, and the liquid distribution plate 3 switches between the first state and the second state by rotating. By arranging the pivoting structure 42, the liquid distribution plate 3 can freely switch between the first state and the second state under the action of its own gravity and the extrusion force of the fluid. As Figure 5 shown, an axial hole structure is arranged on the first tube sheet 41, a rotating shaft is arranged on the liquid distribution plate 3, and the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged in the axial hole structure, so as to realize the rotation of the liquid distribution plate 3. Among them, the pivoting structure 42 is arranged above the first end of the first heat exchange tube 2 of the first heat exchange tube 2 corresponding to the liquid distribution plate 3. At this time, the liquid distribution plate 3 can approach the first end of the first heat exchange tube 2 of the first heat exchange tube 2 under the action of its own gravity and switch to the first state.

[0053] The first tube sheet 41 has a first side facing the liquid inlet chamber 11. When the liquid distribution sheet 3 is in the first state, the liquid distribution sheet 3 is in contact with the first side. The first side forms an angle α with the vertical plane, and the angular range of the angle α is from 1° to 5°. The angle α enables the liquid distribution sheet 3 to better adhere to the first side under the action of its own gravity, thereby ensuring the sealing reliability of the first end of the first heat exchange tube 2 of the first heat exchange tube 2 by the liquid distribution sheet 3 in the first state, so that the liquid refrigerant can only flow through the flow equalizing holes 31 on the liquid distribution sheet 3. Preferably, the value of the angle α is 2°. When the angle α is too large, the first tube sheet 41 occupies too large a dimension in the length direction of the housing 1, affecting the volume of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger; when the angle α is too small, the inclination angle of the liquid distribution sheet 3 is small and the degree of adhesion to the first side is small, resulting in a poor sealing effect on the first end of the first heat exchange tube 2 of the first heat exchange tube 2.

[0054] The shell-and-tube heat exchanger further includes a second heat exchange tube 5. Along the central axis direction of the housing 1, the tube sheet assembly divides the housing 1 into a first water chamber, the heat exchange chamber 12, and a second water chamber 14. The tube sheet assembly divides the first water chamber into an air outlet chamber 13 and the liquid inlet chamber 11. The second end of the first heat exchange tube 2 communicates with the second water chamber 14. The second heat exchange tube 5 is disposed in the heat exchange chamber 12, and one end of the second heat exchange tube 5 communicates with the second water chamber 14, and the other end communicates with the air outlet chamber 13. At this time, the liquid inlet and the air outlet of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger communicating with the outside are both located on the first water chamber. When the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is in the refrigeration mode, the liquid refrigerant enters the liquid inlet chamber 11 and then flows into the second water chamber 14 through the first heat exchange tube 2, and then after a U-turn in the second water chamber 14, it flows out through the second heat exchange tube 5 into the air outlet chamber 13, completing the refrigeration process of the refrigerant; when the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is in the heating mode, the gaseous refrigerant enters the air outlet chamber 13 and flows through the second heat exchange tube 5 into the second water chamber 14, and then after a U-turn in the second water chamber 14, it flows through the first heat exchange tube 2 into the liquid inlet chamber 11, completing the heating process of the refrigerant.

[0055] When the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is in the refrigeration mode, the gaseous refrigerant will exchange heat with the working fluid in the heat exchange chamber 12 during the process of flowing through the second heat exchange tube 5. Part of the gaseous refrigerant will release heat and condense into liquid refrigerant. When this part of the liquid refrigerant enters the second water chamber 14, it will flow to the bottom of the second water chamber 14, causing only liquid refrigerant to flow into some of the first heat exchange tubes 2. Since the heat exchange capacity of the liquid refrigerant is poor, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger further includes a liquid return pipe 6. The liquid return pipe 6 is located at the bottom of the heat exchange chamber 12, and the first end of the liquid return pipe 6 is communicated with the liquid inlet chamber 11, and the second end is communicated with the second water chamber 14. The liquid return pipe 6 is used to drain the liquid refrigerant in the second water chamber 14 into the liquid inlet chamber 11, reducing the amount of liquid refrigerant flowing into the first heat exchange tube 2, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the first heat exchange tube 2, enhancing the efficient heat exchange between the gaseous refrigerant and the working fluid in the heat exchange chamber 12, making the heat exchange efficiency high during the entire condensation process, and also being able to reduce the pressure loss of the heat exchange system and improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange system.

[0056] When the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is in the refrigeration mode, the liquid refrigerant will flow into the liquid inlet chamber 11. To prevent the liquid refrigerant from directly flowing into the second water chamber 14 through the liquid return pipe 6, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger further includes a liquid blocking piece 7. The liquid blocking piece 7 is arranged at the first end of the liquid return pipe 6, and the liquid blocking piece 7 has a third state of closing the first end of the liquid return pipe 6 and a fourth state of opening the first end of the liquid return pipe 6. At this time, the liquid blocking piece 7 switches to the third state to close the first end of the liquid return pipe 6, so that the liquid refrigerant in the liquid inlet chamber 11 can only flow through the first heat exchange tube 2, ensuring the heat exchange effect of the liquid refrigerant. When the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is in the heating mode, the liquid blocking piece 7 switches to the fourth state, and the liquid refrigerant in the second water chamber 14 can then flow into the liquid return pipe 6 and reach the liquid inlet chamber 11, and finally be discharged through the liquid inlet chamber 11, ensuring the reliable operation of the heating mode of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0057] That is to say, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger has a refrigeration mode and a heating mode; when the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is in the refrigeration mode, the liquid refrigerant is sent from the outside of the shell 1 into the liquid inlet chamber 11. At this time, the liquid refrigerant will impact the liquid blocking piece 7 and squeeze the liquid blocking piece 7 towards the first end of the liquid return pipe 6. At this time, the liquid blocking piece 7 is in the third state, closing the liquid return pipe 6 to prevent the liquid refrigerant from flowing into the second water chamber 14 through the liquid return pipe 6, ensuring the reliable operation of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0058] When the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is in the heating mode, the gaseous refrigerant is fed into the outlet chamber 13 and flows through the second heat exchange tube 5 into the second water chamber 14. The gaseous refrigerant condenses into liquid refrigerant after heat exchange in the second heat exchange tube 5 and then flows into the second water chamber 14 and accumulates at the bottom of the second water chamber 14. The liquid retaining plate 7 is in the fourth state. This part of the liquid refrigerant can flow into the liquid inlet chamber 11 through the liquid return pipe 6, so that the liquid refrigerant will not flow into the liquid inlet chamber 11 through the first heat exchange tube 2, ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the gaseous refrigerant in the first heat exchange tube 2 and thus improving the heat exchange efficiency of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0059] The tube sheet assembly includes a first tube sheet 41. The first tube sheet 41 is disposed in the housing 1, and the first tube sheet 41 and the housing 1 together enclose the liquid inlet chamber 11. The first end of the liquid return pipe 6 is disposed on the first tube sheet 41, and the liquid retaining plate 7 is disposed on the first tube sheet 41. The first tube sheet 41 is used to separate the internal space of the housing 1, thereby separating and sealing the liquid inlet chamber 11 and the heat exchange chamber 12. At the same time, the first tube sheet 41 can also fix the first end of the liquid return pipe 6, and the liquid retaining plate is disposed on the first tube sheet 41, which is convenient for the installation of the liquid retaining plate.

[0060] A pivot structure 42 is disposed on the first tube sheet 41. The liquid retaining plate 7 is hinged to the pivot structure 42, and the liquid retaining plate 7 switches between the third state and the fourth state by rotating. By providing the pivot structure 42, the liquid retaining plate 7 can freely switch between the third state and the fourth state under the action of its own gravity and the extrusion force of the fluid. As Figure 5 shown, a shaft hole structure is disposed on the first tube sheet 41, and a rotating shaft is disposed on the liquid retaining plate 7. The rotating shaft is rotatably disposed in the shaft hole structure, thereby realizing the rotation of the liquid retaining plate 7. Among them, the pivot structure 42 is disposed above the first end of the liquid return pipe 6 corresponding to the liquid retaining plate 7. At this time, the liquid retaining plate 7 can approach the first end of the liquid return pipe 6 under the action of its own gravity and switch to the third state.

[0061] The first tube sheet 41 has a first side facing the liquid inlet chamber 11. When the liquid baffle 7 is in the third state, the liquid baffle 7 is in contact with the first side. The first side forms an angle α with the vertical plane, and the angle range of the angle α is from 1° to 5°. The angle α enables the liquid baffle 7 to better adhere to the first side under the action of its own gravity, thereby ensuring the sealing reliability of the first end of the return pipe 6 in the third state of the liquid baffle 7, so that the liquid refrigerant cannot flow into the second water chamber 14 through the return pipe 6. Preferably, the value of the angle α is 2°. When the angle α is too large, the first tube sheet 41 occupies too large a dimension in the length direction of the housing 1, affecting the volume of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger; when the angle α is too small, the inclination angle of the liquid baffle 7 is small and the degree of contact with the first side is small, resulting in a poor sealing effect on the first end of the return pipe 6.

[0062] A liquid inlet 15 is provided on the housing 1. The liquid inlet 15 is communicated with the liquid inlet chamber 11, and the sum of the flow areas of all the flow equalizing holes 31 is less than or equal to the flow area of the liquid inlet 15. This ensures that the liquid refrigerant flowing into the liquid inlet 15 can meet the flow requirements of all the flow equalizing holes 31, so as to ensure that each first heat exchange tube 2 can reach the same amount of liquid refrigerant, ensuring that the heat exchange efficiencies of all the first heat exchange tubes 2 are basically the same, and further improving the heat exchange efficiency of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0063] A heat exchange system includes the above-mentioned shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0064] The above embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A shell and tube heat exchanger, characterized in that: include: Housing (1); A tube sheet assembly, the tube sheet assembly being arranged in the shell (1), and the tube sheet assembly is divided inside the shell (1) into a liquid inlet chamber (11) and a heat exchange chamber (12); A first heat exchange tube (2), wherein the first heat exchange tube (2) is arranged in the heat exchange cavity (12), and a first end of the first heat exchange tube (2) is connected to the liquid inlet cavity (11); A liquid balancing sheet (3), wherein the liquid balancing sheet (3) is arranged at the first end of the first heat exchange tube (2), and a flow balancing hole (31) is arranged on the liquid balancing sheet (3), and the liquid balancing sheet (3) has a first state in which the effective flow area of ​​the first end of the first heat exchange tube (2) is the flow area of ​​the flow balancing hole (31), and a second state in which the effective flow area of ​​the first end of the first heat exchange tube (2) is the flow area of ​​the first end of the first heat exchange tube (2).

2. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell and tube heat exchanger has a cooling mode and a heating mode; When the shell and tube heat exchanger is in the cooling mode, the liquid balancing plate (3) is in the first state; When the shell and tube heat exchanger is in the heating mode, the liquid equalizing plate (3) is in the second state.

3. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tube sheet assembly comprises a first tube sheet (41), the first tube sheet (41) being arranged in the shell (1), and the first tube sheet (41) and the shell (1) together enclose the liquid inlet cavity (11), the first end of the first heat exchange tube (2) being arranged on the first tube sheet (41), and the liquid equalizing sheet (3) being arranged on the first tube sheet (41).

4. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first tube sheet (41) is provided with a pivot structure (42), the liquid-distributing sheet (3) is hinged on the pivot structure (42), and the liquid-distributing sheet (3) switches between the first state and the second state by rotating.

5. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first tube sheet (41) has a first side surface facing the liquid inlet chamber (11); when the liquid balancing sheet (3) is in the first state, the liquid balancing sheet (3) is in contact with the first side surface; the first side surface has an angle α with a vertical plane; and the angle α ranges from 1° to 5°.

6. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell and tube heat exchanger further comprises a second heat exchange tube (5). Along the central axis direction of the shell (1), the tube sheet assembly divides the shell (1) into a first water chamber, the heat exchange chamber (12) and a second water chamber (14), and the tube sheet assembly divides the first water chamber into an air outlet chamber (13) and a liquid inlet chamber (11). The second end of the first heat exchange tube (2) is connected to the second water chamber (14). The second heat exchange tube (5) is arranged in the heat exchange chamber (12), and one end of the second heat exchange tube (5) is connected to the second water chamber (14), and the other end is connected to the air outlet chamber (13).

7. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shell and tube heat exchanger further comprises a liquid return pipe (6), wherein the liquid return pipe (6) is located at the bottom of the heat exchange chamber (12), and a first end of the liquid return pipe (6) is connected to the liquid inlet chamber (11), and a second end of the liquid return pipe (6) is connected to the second water chamber (14).

8. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that: The shell and tube heat exchanger further comprises a liquid baffle (7), wherein the liquid baffle (7) is arranged at the first end of the liquid return pipe (6), and the liquid baffle (7) has a third state of closing the first end of the liquid return pipe (6) and a fourth state of opening the first end of the liquid return pipe (6).

9. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that: The shell and tube heat exchanger has a cooling mode and a heating mode; When the shell and tube heat exchanger is in the cooling mode, the liquid balancing plate (3) is in the first state; When the shell and tube heat exchanger is in the heating mode, the liquid equalizing plate (3) is in the second state.

10. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 8, characterized in that: The tube sheet assembly comprises a first tube sheet (41), the first tube sheet (41) being arranged in the shell (1), and the first tube sheet (41) and the shell (1) together enclose the liquid inlet cavity (11), the first end of the liquid return pipe (6) being arranged on the first tube sheet (41), and the liquid blocking sheet (7) being arranged on the first tube sheet (41).

11. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 10, characterized in that: The first tube plate (41) is provided with a pivot structure (42), the liquid blocking plate (7) is hinged on the pivot structure (42), and the liquid blocking plate (7) switches between the third state and the fourth state by rotating.

12. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 10, characterized in that: The first tube plate (41) has a first side surface facing the liquid inlet chamber (11); when the liquid baffle plate (7) is in the third state, the liquid baffle plate (7) is in contact with the first side surface; the first side surface has an angle α with a vertical plane; and the angle α ranges from 1° to 5°.

13. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell (1) is provided with a liquid inlet (15), the liquid inlet (15) is connected to the liquid inlet cavity (11), and the sum of the flow areas of all the flow equalizing holes (31) is less than or equal to the flow area of ​​the liquid inlet (15).

14. A heat exchange system, characterized in that: A shell and tube heat exchanger comprising any one of claims 1 to 13.

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