Prefabricated positioning and orientation isolation buffer cannon

Abstract

The utility model discloses a prefabricated positioning directional isolation buffer cannon which comprises a prefabricated directional isolation buffer cannon body and a positioning connector, the prefabricated directional isolation buffer cannon body is of a cylindrical structure and is composed of a positioning directional isolation buffer cannon barrel, a cartridge and a shell, and the positioning directional isolation buffer cannon barrel comprises a semicircular outer barrel and a semicircular inner barrel which are coaxially arranged; the space between the semicircular outer cylinder and the semicircular inner cylinder is filled with an energy dissipation material, a cartridge is placed on the inner side of the semicircular inner cylinder, the two ends of the semicircular inner cylinder are each provided with a hoop used for fixing the cartridge, and the shell is in a semi-cylindrical shape and wraps the cartridge and the hoops; and the prefabricated positioning directional isolation buffer cannon bodies are longitudinally connected through the positioning connectors. The utility model has the advantages that the positions of the positioning connector and the prefabricated directional isolation buffer gun in the blast hole can be adjusted according to different intensities of fracture joints in the rock mass in front of the tunnel face, the explosive cartridge is accurately positioned in a sparse fracture joint area, and the positioning connector is accurately positioned in a dense fracture joint area, so that the explosive loading amount is reduced, and the cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation by drilling and blasting method, in particular to a prefabricated positioning and directional isolation buffer charge. Background Art

[0002] Blasting technology is an engineering technology that uses the energy of explosive explosion to destroy the original structure of an object and adopts a charge layout and detonation method to achieve different engineering purposes. Since blasting technology can save a large amount of manpower and material resources, it has been widely used in tunnel excavation at present. However, there are the following problems: (1) The irregularity of the surrounding rock damage caused by traditional blasting often results in accidents such as overbreak, underbreak, and even collapse during tunnel excavation. The problem of tunnel overbreak is serious, usually reaching more than 30 cm. The later support is difficult, and the thickness of the secondary lining needs to be increased, increasing the construction period and material cost; (2) The explosive amount and drilling and blasting design parameters in tunnel excavation by drilling and blasting method are unreasonable, and the smooth blasting effect cannot be achieved; (3) When excavating a tunnel, it is necessary to maintain the good stability of the surrounding rock, while the traditional blasting technology is difficult to control the blasting intensity, and the degree of damage and disturbance to the rock mass is large, which is not conducive to the subsequent stable support of the tunnel; (4) The overbreak and underbreak of the tunnel are related to the layout of the peripheral holes on the heading face and the propagation of the explosion wave. The traditional cartridge placement method cannot achieve directional blasting of the rock mass on the heading face, which will also lead to overbreak of the tunnel and failure to achieve the smooth blasting effect; (5) The charging position in the blast hole affects the blasting effect and the amount of explosive used. Usually, the charging spacing in the blast hole is fixed, without considering the density of fissures and joints in different regions of the rock mass in front of the heading face, and the charging position in the sparse region of fissures and joints in the blast hole is not convenient for precise positioning, resulting in poor blasting effect. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a prefabricated positioning and directional isolation buffer charge according to the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, including a prefabricated positioning and directional isolation buffer charge and a positioning connector. The prefabricated positioning and directional isolation buffer charge is a cylindrical structure, one side of which is a hollow semi-cylinder filled with energy-absorbing material, and the other side is provided with hoop rings arranged front and back and a semi-cylindrical shell. The hoop rings are used to hoop the cartridges, and the cartridges are loaded into the hoop rings. Determine the length of the positioning connector and the cartridges according to the density of fissures and joints in the rock mass in front of the heading face and connect them. Place the prefabricated positioning and directional isolation buffer charge cylinder with the cartridges into the peripheral blast holes of the rock mass on the heading face, and seal them with sealing materials. Detonate the cartridges, and the explosion wave propagates circumferentially. The energy-absorbing material absorbs the explosion wave and prevents it from propagating into the rock mass. On the other side, the explosion wave directly propagates into the rock mass, causing the rock mass to rupture, realizing the directional propagation and directional isolation of the explosion wave, breaking the rock mass that needs to be blasted, and keeping the rock mass that does not need to be blasted intact. At the same time, according to the different densities of fissures and joints in the rock mass in front of the heading face, the cartridges are precisely positioned in the sparse region of fissures and joints in the blast hole, and the positioning connector is precisely positioned in the dense region of fissures and joints, reducing the amount of explosive used and saving costs.

[0004] The object of the present utility model is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0005] A prefabricated positioning and directional isolation buffer blast gun, the prefabricated positioning and directional isolation buffer blast gun comprising a prefabricated directional isolation buffer blast gun and a positioning connector. The prefabricated directional isolation buffer blast gun is of a cylindrical structure and consists of a directional isolation buffer blast barrel, a cartridge, and a housing. The directional isolation buffer blast barrel includes a semi-circular outer barrel and a semi-circular inner barrel arranged coaxially. An energy dissipation material is filled between the semi-circular outer barrel and the semi-circular inner barrel. The cartridge is placed inside the semi-circular inner barrel. Hoop rings for fixing the cartridge are provided at both ends of the semi-circular inner barrel. The housing is semi-cylindrical and wraps the cartridge and the hoop rings. The prefabricated directional isolation buffer blast guns are longitudinally connected by the positioning connector, and the positioning connector is of a telescopic structure.

[0006] A cartridge placement cylinder is formed between the semi-circular inner barrel and the hoop ring. Threads are provided on the outside of both ends of the cartridge placement cylinder, and the threads on the outside of the cartridge placement cylinder are located outside the housing. The positioning connector includes a highly elastic spring and two threaded connectors. The two threaded connectors are connected by the highly elastic spring, and threads matching the threads on the outside of the cartridge placement cylinder are provided inside the threaded connectors.

[0007] The size and shape of the cartridge placement hole of the cartridge placement cylinder respectively correspond to the size and shape of the cartridge.

[0008] The radial sides of the semi-circular outer barrel and the semi-circular inner barrel are connected by a radial end plate, and the axial sides of the semi-circular outer barrel and the semi-circular inner barrel are connected by an axial end plate. A space for filling the energy dissipation material is formed among the semi-circular outer barrel, the semi-circular inner barrel, the radial end plate, and the axial end plate.

[0009] The prefabricated positioning and directional isolation buffer blast gun is placed in the peripheral blast holes of the tunnel face rock mass, and the shape and size of the prefabricated positioning and directional isolation buffer blast gun respectively correspond to the shape and size of the peripheral blast holes.

[0010] The positioning connector in the peripheral blast holes is located in the fracture and joint dense area of the tunnel face rock mass, and the cartridge in the peripheral blast holes is located in the fracture and joint sparse area of the tunnel face rock mass.

[0011] The advantages of the present utility model are:

[0012] (1) The energy dissipation material absorbs the explosion wave and prevents it from propagating into the rock mass. On the other side, the explosion wave directly propagates into the rock mass, causing the rock mass to break. It can achieve the directional propagation and directional isolation of the explosion wave, making the rock mass that needs to be blasted broken and the rock mass that does not need to be blasted remain intact. This not only reduces the disturbance to the surrounding rock but also solves the problem of overbreak and underbreak in the tunnel.

[0013] (2) Prefabricated positioning and orientation isolation buffer charge, which can adjust the positions of the positioning connector and the prefabricated positioning and orientation isolation buffer charge in the blast hole according to the different degrees of fracture joints in the rock mass in front of the heading face. The cartridge is accurately positioned in the area with sparse fracture joints, and the positioning connector is accurately positioned in the area with dense fracture joints, reducing the amount of explosive charge and saving costs;

[0014] (3) The positioning and orientation isolation buffer barrel can be reused, saving costs;

[0015] (4) The prefabricated positioning and orientation isolation buffer charge can be customized in different specifications according to needs, adapting to the requirements of different surrounding rocks and also saving the cartridge loading time;

[0016] (5) The positioning connector made of high-elastic spring has good flexibility, facilitating cartridge loading and positioning in the blast hole. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the positioning and orientation isolation buffer barrel of the present utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the orientation isolation buffer barrel of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the positioning connector of the present utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the prefabricated positioning and orientation isolation buffer charge of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 is Figure 4 The sectional view taken along A-A in;

[0022] Figure 6 is Figure 4 The sectional view taken along B-B in;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of isolating the explosion wave by the prefabricated positioning and orientation isolation buffer charge of the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the layout of the prefabricated positioning and orientation isolation buffer charge and the distribution of rock mass fracture joints in front of the heading face of the present utility model;

[0025] As Figures 1 - 8 shown, the marks in the figure are respectively represented as:

[0026] 1. Prefabricated positioning and orientation isolation buffer charge, 2. Rock mass of the heading face, 3. Explosion wave, 4. Crack, 5. Dense area of fracture joints;

[0027] 11. Directional isolation buffer barrel, 12. Cartridge, 13. Housing, 14. Positioning connector;

[0028] 111. Semi-circular outer barrel, 112. Semi-circular inner barrel, 113. Axial end plate, 114. Radial end plate, 115. Hoop, 116. Energy-absorbing material, 117. Cartridge placement barrel, 118. Cartridge placement hole;

[0029] 141. Threaded connector, 142. Thread, 143. High-elasticity spring;

[0030] 21. Peripheral blast holes. Detailed implementation mode

[0031] The features of the present utility model and other related features will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings through embodiments for the understanding of those skilled in the same industry:

[0032] Embodiment: As Figures 1 - 8 shown, this embodiment relates to a prefabricated positioning directional isolation buffer gun. The prefabricated positioning directional isolation buffer gun 1 has a cylindrical structure. The prefabricated positioning directional isolation buffer gun 1 mainly consists of a directional isolation buffer barrel 11, a cartridge 12, a housing 13, and a positioning connector 14. Both the directional isolation buffer barrel 11 and the housing 13 are semi-cylindrical. The cartridge 12 is fixed on the directional isolation buffer barrel 11. The housing 13 is installed on the directional isolation buffer barrel 11 and wraps the cartridge 12. The prefabricated positioning directional isolation buffer guns 1 (directional isolation buffer barrels 11) are longitudinally connected through the positioning connector 14, and the positioning connector 14 is a telescopic structure. The directional isolation buffer barrel 11 includes a semi-circular outer barrel 111, a semi-circular inner barrel 112, an axial end plate 113, a radial end plate 114, a hoop 115, and an energy-absorbing material 116. The semi-circular outer barrel 111 and the semi-circular inner barrel 112 are coaxially arranged. The inner diameter of the semi-circular outer barrel 111 is larger than the inner diameter of the semi-circular inner barrel 112. The radial sides of the semi-circular outer barrel 111 and the semi-circular inner barrel 112 are connected through the radial end plate 114. The axial sides of the semi-circular outer barrel 111 and the semi-circular inner barrel 112 are connected through the axial end plate 113. A closed space is formed among the semi-circular outer barrel 111, the semi-circular inner barrel 112, the radial end plate 114, and the axial end plate 113. This closed space is used to fill the energy-absorbing material 116. In this embodiment, the energy-absorbing material 116 can adopt rubber, granular material, liquid material, porous material.

[0033] As Figures 1 - 6As shown, the inner side of the semi-circular inner cylinder 112 is used to place the cartridge 12, and hoops 115 are provided at both ends of the semi-circular inner cylinder 112. The hoops 115 can fix the cartridge 12. In this embodiment, a cartridge placement cylinder 117 is formed between the semi-circular inner cylinder 112 and the hoop 115. The size and shape of the cartridge placement hole 118 of the cartridge placement cylinder 117 respectively correspond to the size and shape of the cartridge 12 to ensure the reliability of the installation of the cartridge 12. The housing 13 wraps around the cartridge 12 and the hoop 115 to form a prefabricated directional isolation buffer charge. Specifically, the housing 13 is a mortar housing or a plugging mud housing. In addition, threads 142 are provided on the outside of both ends of the cartridge placement cylinder 117, and the threads 142 on the outside of the cartridge placement cylinder 117 are located outside the housing 13.

[0034] As Figures 1 - 6 shown, the positioning connector 14 includes a highly elastic spring 143 and two threaded connectors 141. The two threaded connectors 141 are connected by the highly elastic spring 143. Threads 142 are provided inside the threaded connector 141. The threads 142 inside the threaded connector 141 cooperate with the threads 142 on the outside of the cartridge placement cylinder 117 to achieve the longitudinal connection between the prefabricated directional isolation buffer charges (directional isolation buffer charge cylinders 11), and by compressing the highly elastic spring 143, the length of the positioning connector 14 can be adjusted.

[0035] As Figures 7 - 8 shown, the lengths of the positioning connector 14 and the cartridge 12 are determined and connected according to the density of the fissure joints in the rock mass in front of the tunnel face. The prefabricated positioning directional isolation buffer charge 1 is placed into the peripheral blast hole 21 of the tunnel face rock mass 2. Among them, the shape and size of the prefabricated positioning directional isolation buffer charge 1 respectively correspond to the shape and size of the peripheral blast hole 21. The detonating cartridge 12 is detonated, and the explosion wave 3 propagates circumferentially. The energy-absorbing material 116 absorbs the explosion wave 3 and prevents it from propagating into the rock mass. The explosion wave 3 on the other side directly propagates into the rock mass, causing the rock mass to rupture (cracks 4 are generated), realizing the directional propagation and directional isolation of the explosion wave 3, breaking the rock mass that needs to be blasted, and keeping the rock mass that does not need to be blasted intact. Among them, the length of the positioning connector 14 is adjusted so that the positioning connector 14 in the peripheral blast hole 21 is located in the fissure joint dense area 5 of the tunnel face rock mass 2; cartridges 12 (directional isolation buffer charge cylinders 11) of different lengths are selected so that the cartridges 12 in the peripheral blast hole 21 are located in the fissure joint sparse area of the tunnel face rock mass 2.

[0036] The beneficial technical effects of this embodiment are:

[0037] (1) The energy dissipation material absorbs the blast wave and prevents it from propagating into the rock mass. On the other side, the blast wave directly propagates into the rock mass, causing the rock mass to rupture. It can achieve the directional propagation and directional isolation of the blast wave, break the rock mass that needs to be blasted, and keep the rock mass that does not need to be blasted intact. This not only reduces the disturbance to the surrounding rock, but also solves the problem of overbreak and underbreak in the tunnel.

[0038] (2) The prefabricated positioning and directional isolation buffer charge can adjust the positions of the positioning connector and the prefabricated positioning and directional isolation buffer charge in the blast hole according to the different degrees of density of fissures and joints in the rock mass in front of the heading face. The cartridge is accurately positioned in the area with sparse fissures and joints, and the positioning connector is accurately positioned in the area with dense fissures and joints, reducing the amount of explosive charge and saving costs.

[0039] (3) The positioning and directional isolation buffer barrel can be reused, saving costs.

[0040] (4) The prefabricated positioning and directional isolation buffer charge can be customized in different specifications according to needs, adapt to the requirements of different surrounding rocks, and also save the cartridge loading time.

[0041] (5) The positioning connector made of high-elastic spring has good flexibility, which is convenient for cartridge loading and positioning in the blast hole.

[0042] Although the above embodiments have detailed the concept and implementation of the purpose of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, those of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that various improvements and transformations can still be made to the present invention without departing from the scope defined by the claims. Therefore, they are not elaborated one by one here.

Claims

1. A prefabricated positioning, orientation and isolation buffer gun, characterized in that: The prefabricated positioning, orientation and isolation buffer charge includes a prefabricated orientation and isolation buffer charge and a positioning connector. The prefabricated orientation and isolation buffer charge is of a cylindrical structure and consists of an orientation and isolation buffer charge barrel, a cartridge and a housing. The orientation and isolation buffer charge barrel includes a semi-circular outer barrel and a semi-circular inner barrel arranged coaxially. An energy dissipation material is filled between the semi-circular outer barrel and the semi-circular inner barrel. The cartridge is placed inside the semi-circular inner barrel. Hoop rings for fixing the cartridge are provided at both ends of the semi-circular inner barrel. The housing is semi-cylindrical and wraps the cartridge and the hoop rings. The prefabricated orientation and isolation buffer charges are longitudinally connected through the positioning connector, and the positioning connector is of a telescopic structure.

2. The prefabricated positioning and directional isolation buffer gun according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cartridge placement cylinder is formed between the semi-circular inner barrel and the hoop ring. Threads are provided on the outside of both ends of the cartridge placement cylinder, and the threads on the outside of the cartridge placement cylinder are located outside the housing. The positioning connector includes a highly elastic spring and two threaded connectors. The two threaded connectors are connected by the highly elastic spring, and threads matching the threads on the outside of the cartridge placement cylinder are provided inside the threaded connectors.

3. The prefabricated positioning and directional isolation buffer gun according to claim 2, wherein: The size and shape of the cartridge placement hole of the cartridge placement cylinder respectively correspond to the size and shape of the cartridge.

4. A prefabricated positioning, orientation and isolation buffer gun according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial sides of the semi-circular outer barrel and the semi-circular inner barrel are connected by a radial end plate, and the axial sides of the semi-circular outer barrel and the semi-circular inner barrel are connected by an axial end plate. A space for filling the energy dissipation material is formed among the semi-circular outer barrel, the semi-circular inner barrel, the radial end plate and the axial end plate.

5. A prefabricated positioning, orientation isolation and buffer gun as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The prefabricated positioning, orientation and isolation buffer charges are placed in the peripheral blast holes of the tunnel face rock mass. The shape and size of the prefabricated positioning, orientation and isolation buffer charges respectively correspond to the shape and size of the peripheral blast holes.

6. The prefabricated positioning and directional isolation buffer gun according to claim 5, wherein: The positioning connector in the peripheral blast holes is located in the fracture and joint intensive area of the tunnel face rock mass, and the cartridge in the peripheral blast holes is located in the fracture and joint sparse area of the tunnel face rock mass.

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