Water tunnel multiphase flow reduced scale experiment device containing snow dune evolution

Abstract

The utility model relates to a water tunnel multiphase flow reduced scale experiment device containing snow and sand dune evolution, which comprises a water tunnel main body provided with a water tank section and a test section; a heating net is mounted in the water tank section; a thermometer is installed in the test section, a model is placed at the bottom of the test section, wrapping particles wrap the model, and the model is used for constructing an initial model of a snow-containing dune and a snow-containing dune with the surface covered with snow; and the centrifugal pump is connected with the water tunnel main body and is used for driving the water flow to circulate and controlling the water flow speed. According to the utility model, a water tunnel experiment is carried out through the low-temperature phase-change wax substitute material snow, the substitute material can stably exist in water at a certain temperature, the melting and sublimation phenomena of the snow are simulated after the water temperature is changed, and the actual evolutionary process of the snowy dune can be better reproduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of water tunnel experiments, in particular to a water tunnel multiphase flow scale experiment device for the evolution of snow-covered sand dunes. Background Technique

[0002] In cold arid regions, a unique terrain of snow-covered sand dunes will appear. However, due to its vast spatio-temporal scale and the particularity of its geographical location, field research on snow-covered sand dunes faces many challenges, such as time and space limitations, and high research costs. Therefore, conducting research on the morphological evolution of snow-covered sand dunes through indoor experiments can effectively reduce research costs and time. In general indoor research on sand dunes, it has been proven feasible to conduct experiments on scaled sand dunes using an environmental wind tunnel. However, there is a saturation length for sand dunes, which determines the minimum size of the sand dunes. When it is less than the saturation length, the sand flux will continuously increase, making it impossible for the sand dunes to exist stably. Therefore, the aeolian sand dunes formed in wind tunnel experiments generally exist for a short time and it is difficult to conduct continuous analysis on them. Using water to drive sand dunes can effectively reduce the saturation length, enabling small sand dunes to exist stably. However, since snow will melt in water, experiments on snow generally adopt the method of wind tunnel experiments. However, the change in temperature has a great impact on the wind field, so it is difficult to achieve the phase change process of snow in wind tunnel experiments.

[0003] Therefore, developing a water tunnel multiphase flow scale experiment device for the evolution of snow-covered sand dunes is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Content of the Utility Model

[0004] The utility model provides a water tunnel multiphase flow scale experiment device for the evolution of snow-covered sand dunes to solve the above problems.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a water tunnel multiphase flow scale experiment device for the evolution of snow-covered sand dunes, which is characterized in that it includes:

[0006] A water tunnel main body, which has a water tank section and a test section;

[0007] A heating grid is installed inside the water tank section;

[0008] A thermometer is installed inside the test section. A model is placed at the bottom of the test section, and the model is wrapped with packing particles. The model is used to construct the initial models of snow-covered sand dunes and snow-covered sand dunes with snow on the surface;

[0009] A centrifugal pump, which is connected to the water tunnel main body and is used to drive the water flow to circulate and control the water flow speed.

[0010] Further, the encapsulated particles are encapsulated particles formed by encapsulating copper sulfate or water-soluble particles with a relatively high density with low-temperature wax. The density of the encapsulated particles is greater than that of water, and the particle size is 0.1 - 0.3 mm.

[0011] Further, for the snow-containing sand dune, after covering the bottom of the mold with sand grains, encapsulated particles are poured from above as snow. When the layer of encapsulated particles reaches a certain height, dyed glass beads are poured into it to completely cover the encapsulated particles, finally forming an initial snow-containing sand dune model with low-temperature wax encapsulated inside.

[0012] Further, for the snow-containing sand dune with snow covering the surface, after covering the bottom of the mold with sand grains, encapsulated particles are poured from above as snow. When the layer of encapsulated particles reaches a certain height, sand grains are poured into it to completely cover the encapsulated particles, and finally a layer of encapsulated particles is covered again on the surface.

[0013] Further, the particle size range of the sand grains is 0.125 - 0.18 mm.

[0014] Further, a first camera is installed in the water tank section, and a second camera is installed in the test section.

[0015] The beneficial effect of the present utility model is that the present utility model uses low-temperature phase-change wax to replace the material snow for the water tunnel experiment. This replacement material can stably exist in water at a certain temperature and simulate the melting and sublimation phenomena of snow after changing the water temperature, and can better reproduce the actual evolution process of snow-containing sand dunes. Description of the Drawings

[0016] The present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0017] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a scaled-down experimental device for multiphase flow in a water tunnel for the evolution of snow-containing sand dunes of the present utility model;

[0018] In the figure:

[0019] 1. Main body of the water tunnel; 11. Water tank section; 12. Test section; 13. Heating grid; 14. Thermometer; 15. Model; 16. Centrifugal pump; 17. First camera; 18. Second camera. Detailed Embodiment

[0020] The present utility model will now be further described in detail in conjunction with the drawings. These drawings are all simplified schematic diagrams, only showing the basic structure of the present utility model in a schematic manner, so they only show the components related to the present utility model.

[0021] Embodiments of the present utility model will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present utility model and should not be construed as a limitation of the present utility model. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present utility model include all variations, modifications, and equivalents that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0022] In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0023] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "connected" and "connected to" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances. In addition, in the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0024] As Figure 1 shown, the present utility model provides a scaled experimental device for multiphase flow in a water tunnel for the evolution of snow dunes, including: a water tunnel main body 1, the water tunnel main body 1 having a water tank section 11 and a test section 12; a heating grid 13 is installed inside the water tank section 11; a thermometer 14 is installed inside the test section 12.

[0025] A heating grid 13 is installed inside the water tank section 11 to simulate the influence of temperature on snow and dunes in the actual environment, or to control the water temperature in the experimental conditions to simulate a specific natural environment. A thermometer 14 is installed inside the test section 12 to monitor the temperature of the experimental area, and the water temperature is controlled according to the temperature shown by the thermometer 14 to ensure the accuracy of the experimental conditions.

[0026] The model 15 is wrapped with encapsulated particles, which are formed by encapsulating copper sulfate or water-soluble particles with a higher density with low-temperature wax. The density of the encapsulated particles is greater than that of water, and the particle size is 0.1 - 0.3 mm.

[0027] The low-temperature wax is used as a wrapping material. This alternative material can stably exist in water at a certain temperature, and can simulate the melting and sublimation of snow after changing the water temperature. It can better reproduce the actual evolution process of snow-covered sand dunes, can firmly fix the core particles at low temperatures, and can also effectively protect them from the external environment.

[0028] The model 15 is placed at the bottom of the test section 12. The model 15 is used to construct the initial models of snow-covered sand dunes and snow-covered sand dunes with surface snow. For the snow-covered sand dune, after covering the bottom of the mold with sand grains, encapsulated particles are poured from above as snow. When the layer of encapsulated particles reaches a certain height, dyed glass beads are poured into it to completely cover the encapsulated particles, finally forming an initial snow-covered sand dune model 15 with low-temperature wax encapsulated inside. For the snow-covered sand dune with surface snow, after covering the bottom of the mold with sand grains, encapsulated particles are poured from above as snow. When the layer of encapsulated particles reaches a certain height, sand grains are poured into it to completely cover the encapsulated particles, and finally a layer of encapsulated particles is covered again on the surface.

[0029] For the construction steps of the snow-covered sand dune model 15:

[0030] First, a layer of sand grains is evenly spread on the bottom of the mold. Then, the encapsulated particles are carefully poured from above the mold. These particles represent snow here. Since the density of the encapsulated particles is greater than that of water and the particle size is 0.1 - 0.3 mm, they can stably accumulate on the sand grains. When the layer of encapsulated particles reaches the predetermined height, dyed glass beads are poured into it. These glass beads not only add color to the model 15, but more importantly, they completely cover the encapsulated particles, thus forming an initial snow-covered sand dune model 15 with low-temperature wax encapsulated inside. The use of dyed glass beads may help observe and analyze the dynamic changes inside the sand dune in subsequent experiments.

[0031] For the construction steps of the snow-covered sand dune with surface snow model 15:

[0032] First, a layer of sand grains is spread on the bottom of the mold. Then, the encapsulated particles are poured from above as snow until the required height is reached. Next, sand grains are poured into the mold to completely cover the encapsulated particles. This step simulates the natural phenomenon of the sand dune being covered with new sand after snowfall. Finally, a layer of encapsulated particles is covered again on the surface of the model 15 to simulate the situation of the sand dune surface being covered with snow again.

[0033] The centrifugal pump 16, the centrifugal pump 16 is connected to the water tunnel main body 1 and is used to drive the water flow circulation and control the water flow rate.

[0034] The main function of the centrifugal pump 16 is to drive the water flow circulation to ensure that the water continuously circulates within the main body 1 of the water tunnel, thereby simulating a real water flow environment. Secondly, by precisely adjusting the rotational speed or output flow rate of the centrifugal pump 16, researchers can accurately control the water flow speed, thereby achieving fine control of the experimental conditions.

[0035] A first camera 17 is installed on the water tank section 11, and a second camera 18 is installed on the test section 12. The water tank section 11 and the test section 12 are respectively equipped with the first camera 17 and the second camera 18. The first camera 17 is installed on the water tank section 11 and is mainly responsible for capturing and recording the experimental conditions in the water tank, such as key parameters like liquid flow and temperature changes, ensuring that researchers can observe the dynamic changes in the water tank in real time. The second camera 18 is installed on the test section 12 and focuses on recording the experimental details in the test section 12, such as the morphological changes of sand dunes and particle movements, providing detailed experimental data for researchers.

[0036] At the start of the experiment, turn on the centrifugal pump 16, control the rotational speed of the centrifugal pump 16 to control the water flow speed, turn on the heating grid 13 for heating, and control the water temperature according to the temperature shown on the thermometer 14. When observing the blue line formed by the dissolution of copper sulfate particles released due to the melting of low-temperature wax in water, it is the "snow" melting process. Use the two placed cameras to record this evolution process. After the experiment, use digital technology to obtain each pixel on the video image, continuously loop between adjacent pixels to traverse the entire image, find the RGB values corresponding to the color of the stained glass beads and the adjacent pixels with overly large RGB interpolation to distinguish the boundaries, and record the morphological changes of the snow-containing sand dunes at each moment, finally obtaining the results of the experiment.

[0037] Based on the inspiration of the ideal embodiments of the present invention as above, through the above description, relevant staff can completely make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical idea of this invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A scaled experimental device for multiphase flow in a water tunnel for the evolution of snow-containing sand dunes, characterized in that, Comprising: A water tunnel main body (1), the water tunnel main body (1) having a water tank section (11) and a test section (12); A heating grid (13) is installed inside the water tank section (11); A thermometer (14) is installed inside the test section (12), a model (15) is placed at the bottom of the test section (12), the model (15) is wrapped with wrapped particles, and the model (15) is used to construct an initial model of a snow-covered sand dune and a snow-covered sand dune with snow on the surface; A centrifugal pump (16), the centrifugal pump (16) being connected to the water tunnel main body (1) for driving water flow circulation and controlling the water flow speed.

2. The water tunnel multiphase flow scaled experiment device for snow-covered sand dune evolution according to claim 1, wherein The wrapped particles are wrapped particles formed by wrapping copper sulfate or water-soluble particles with a relatively large density with low-temperature wax. The density of the wrapped particles is greater than that of water, and the particle size is 0.1 - 0.3 mm.

3. The water tunnel multiphase flow scaled experiment device for snow-covered sand dune evolution according to claim 2, wherein For the snow-covered sand dune, after covering the bottom of the mold with sand grains, wrapped particles are poured from above as snow. When the layer of wrapped particles reaches a certain height, dyed glass beads are poured into it to completely cover the wrapped particles, and finally an initial snow-covered sand dune model (15) with low-temperature wax wrapped inside is formed.

4. The water tunnel multiphase flow scaled experiment device for snow-covered sand dune evolution according to claim 3, wherein For the snow-covered sand dune with snow on the surface, after covering the bottom of the mold with sand grains, wrapped particles are poured from above as snow. When the layer of wrapped particles reaches a certain height, sand grains are poured into it to completely cover the wrapped particles, and finally a layer of wrapped particles is covered again on the surface.

5. The water tunnel multiphase flow scaled experiment device for snow-covered sand dune evolution according to claim 4, wherein The particle size range of the sand grains is 0.125 - 0.18 mm.

6. The water tunnel multiphase flow scaled experiment device for snow-covered sand dune evolution according to claim 1, wherein A first camera (17) is installed on the water tank section (11), and a second camera (18) is installed on the test section (12).

Images