Fully-prefabricated underground household shelter

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fully prefabricated underground family shelter, which comprises a prefabricated foundation, a prefabricated outer wall, a prefabricated door frame wall and a prefabricated composite floor slab, the internal space of the shelter is divided into an opening part and a protection area by the prefabricated door frame wall, and longitudinal bars of the prefabricated outer wall and the prefabricated door frame wall are connected with embedded bars in the prefabricated foundation through semi-grouting sleeves. A gap between the prefabricated outer wall and the prefabricated foundation and a gap between the prefabricated door frame wall and the prefabricated foundation are both densely poured through high-strength grouting materials, the prefabricated outer wall and the prefabricated foundation are connected through rabbets, and the prefabricated outer wall and the prefabricated composite floor slab as well as the prefabricated door frame wall and the prefabricated composite floor slab form a whole through post-pouring composite layers. And water stopping measures are arranged at the top ends of the prefabricated outer wall and the prefabricated door frame wall. The utility model has the advantages of standardization, mass production and short on-site construction period, and can effectively reduce on-site wet construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of underground household shelters, in particular to a fully prefabricated underground household shelter. Background Art

[0002] As a supplement to permanent collective defense systems, underground family shelters protect family members from conventional enemy weapons and natural hazards. They are primarily used by dispersed households and can be used as living units in times of war, peace, and disaster. This design integrates both peacetime and disaster preparedness, addressing the shortage of air-raid shelters and the excessive service radius in low-rise townhouses and townhouses.

[0003] Existing underground home shelters are mostly constructed using cast-in-place methods, which are complex, time-consuming, and pose numerous safety risks. Prefabricated buildings, unlike traditional cast-in-place structures, offer advantages such as standardized, mass-produced construction, a shorter construction period, and the ability to effectively reduce on-site wet work.

[0004] However, prefabricated reinforced concrete components are currently mostly used in above-ground buildings. When prefabricated exterior walls are used for basement exterior wall construction, waterstop steel plates or rubber waterstops cannot be arranged at the horizontal and vertical joints of the exterior walls, posing a risk of leakage. This leads to prefabricated construction being rarely used in underground buildings and civil air defense buildings, especially basement civil air defense buildings.

[0005] In order to actively respond to the requirements of the current national dual-carbon policy, how to apply the prefabricated construction concept to the construction process of underground household shelters has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a fully prefabricated underground household shelter to solve the technical problems described in the background technology.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A fully prefabricated underground home shelter comprises a prefabricated foundation, prefabricated exterior walls, prefabricated door frame walls, and prefabricated composite floor slabs. The interior space is divided into an opening and a protective zone by the prefabricated door frame walls. The longitudinal reinforcement of the prefabricated exterior walls and prefabricated door frame walls is connected to the embedded reinforcement of the prefabricated foundation via semi-grouting sleeves. The gaps between the prefabricated exterior walls and the prefabricated foundation, as well as the gaps between the prefabricated door frame walls and the prefabricated foundation, are filled densely with high-strength grouting material. The prefabricated exterior walls and the prefabricated foundation are connected using a tongue-and-groove joint. The prefabricated exterior walls and the prefabricated composite floor slabs, as well as the prefabricated door frame walls and the prefabricated composite floor slabs, are integrally formed by post-casting a composite layer. Waterstopping measures are provided at the tops of the prefabricated exterior walls and prefabricated door frame walls.

[0009] The mouth part is provided with a prefabricated manhole, a ladder is arranged at the prefabricated manhole, and a roof cover plate is arranged at the opening position at the top of the prefabricated manhole. An air exhaust port and a prefabricated airtight door are arranged on the prefabricated doorframe wall. A bed, a storage cabinet, an ecological dry toilet and an air inlet are arranged in the protection area, and the air inlet is communicated with the external space above the ground through a ventilation duct.

[0010] Preferably, the prefabricated exterior wall and the prefabricated doorframe wall of the fully prefabricated underground family shelter are integrally prefabricated.

[0011] Preferably, the prefabricated exterior wall and the prefabricated doorframe wall of the fully prefabricated underground family shelter are prefabricated in two parts, including a first prefabricated part on the side of the mouth part and a second prefabricated part on the side of the protection area. The disconnection position between the first prefabricated part and the second prefabricated part is at the prefabricated exterior wall adjacent to the mouth part and the prefabricated doorframe wall.

[0012] Preferably, the first prefabricated part and the second prefabricated part are connected to form a whole through a cast-in-place section exterior wall, and water stop measures are arranged at the ends of the first prefabricated part and the second prefabricated part close to the cast-in-place section exterior wall.

[0013] Preferably, the second prefabricated part is connected and fixed to the existing basement through a cast-in-place section exterior wall.

[0014] Preferably, the steel doorframe of the prefabricated airtight door is prefabricated together with the prefabricated doorframe wall.

[0015] Preferably, a sealing plate is arranged at the opening on the side close to the protection area of the air inlet and the air exhaust port.

[0016] Preferably, the half-grouting sleeve is arranged at the tension side longitudinal bars of the prefabricated exterior wall and the prefabricated doorframe wall.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0018] 1. The present utility model provides a fully prefabricated underground family shelter, which can be used as a protective fortification to protect the scattered family members from the attack of enemy conventional weapons and the harm of natural factors;

[0019] 2. The present utility model is designed with an assembly idea, which is different from the traditional cast-in-place structure. It has the advantages of being standardized and mass-produced, short on-site construction period, and can effectively reduce the on-site wet operation construction;

[0020] 3. The present utility model adopts a rabbet structure between the prefabricated exterior wall and the prefabricated foundation, avoiding the horizontal through construction joint and playing the role of replacing the water stop steel plate;

[0021] 4. The steel doorframe of the protective airtight door of the present utility model is prefabricated together with the prefabricated doorframe wall, and the protective airtight door is installed on-site, effectively solving the problem that the steel doorframe is easy to deform and move during on-site installation. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] Through the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the above and / or other aspects and advantages of the present utility model will become clearer and easier to understand. These drawings are only schematic and do not limit the present utility model, where:

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic plan view of a fully prefabricated underground family shelter without a cast-in-place section of the exterior wall related to the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic plan view of a fully prefabricated underground family shelter with a cast-in-place section of the exterior wall related to the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 For Figure 1 It is a schematic structural view of the A-A section in

[0026] Figure 4 For Figure 1 It is a schematic structural view of the B-B section in

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural view of the present utility model when a precast groove is used as a waterproof measure at the top of the precast exterior wall;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural view of the present utility model when a waterstop steel plate is used as a waterproof measure at the top of the precast exterior wall;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic sectional structural view of the precast doorframe wall of the present utility model;

[0030] Figure 8 It is a schematic sectional structural view of the precast manhole of the present utility model.

[0031] Reference Signs: 1, Mouth; 2, Protection Area; 3, Prefabricated Foundation; 4, Prefabricated Exterior Wall; 5, Prefabricated Doorframe Wall; 6, Prefabricated Airtight Door; 7, Prefabricated Composite Floor Slab; 8, Prefabricated Manhole; 9, Ventilation Duct; 10, Air Inlet; 11, Air Outlet; 12, Ladder; 13, Roof Cover Plate; 14, Metal Wind Cap; 15, Plugging Plate; 16, Bed; 17, Storage Cabinet; 18, Ecological Dry Toilet; 19, Semi-Grouting Sleeve; 20, Tongue-and-Groove; 21, Cast-in-Place Section of Exterior Wall; 22, Waterstop Steel Plate; 23, Prefabricated Boss; 24, Prefabricated Groove; 25, Waterproof Layer; 26, Concrete Cushion. Detailed Embodiments

[0032] In the following, an embodiment of a fully prefabricated underground family shelter of the present utility model will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described herein are specific and particular embodiments of the present utility model, which are used to illustrate the concept of the present utility model, and are all explanatory and exemplary, and should not be construed as a limitation on the embodiments of the present utility model and the scope of the present utility model. Except for the embodiments described herein, those skilled in the art can also adopt other obvious technical solutions based on the content disclosed in the claims and the specification of this application. These technical solutions include technical solutions that make any obvious substitutions and modifications to the embodiments described herein.

[0033] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "horizontal", "vertical", "upright", "oblique", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the present utility model. In addition, terms such as "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] The drawings in this specification are schematic diagrams to assist in illustrating the concept of the present utility model, and schematically show the shapes of various parts and their mutual relationships. Please note that in order to clearly show the structures of the various components of the embodiments of the present utility model, the drawings are not drawn in the same proportion. The same reference numerals are used to represent the same parts.

[0035] The principles and features of the present utility model will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present utility model and are not used to limit the scope of the present utility model. The following combines Figure 1-8 to further elaborate on the preferred embodiments of the present utility model:

[0036] As Figure 1-8As shown in the figure, a preferred all-precast underground family shelter of the present utility model includes a precast foundation 3, precast exterior walls 4, precast doorframe walls 5, and precast composite floor slabs 7. Its internal space is divided into an entrance section 1 and a protection area 2 by the precast doorframe wall 5. The entrance section 1 and the protection area 2 are connected through a precast airtight door 6 installed on the precast door opening wall 5. The longitudinal bars of the precast exterior walls 4 and precast doorframe walls 5 are all connected to the embedded bars inside the precast foundation 3 through semi-grouting sleeves 19. To minimize the number of semi-grouting sleeves 19, according to the stress modes of the precast exterior walls 4 and precast doorframe walls 5, only the longitudinal bars on the tension side of the walls are connected. The diameter of the steel bars is taken as the larger value, the spacing of the steel bars is increased, and the number of on-site connections of the semi-grouting sleeves 19 is reduced. The precast exterior wall 4 and the precast foundation 3 are connected by a rabbet 20, and the gap between them is filled with high-strength grouting material to be made dense, avoiding horizontal continuous construction joints, achieving the effect of arranging a waterstop steel plate 22. The precast doorframe wall 5 and the precast foundation 3 adopt a flat joint structure, and the gap between them is also filled with high-strength grouting material to be made dense. Between the precast exterior wall 4 and the precast composite floor slab 7, and between the precast doorframe wall 5 and the precast composite floor slab 7, a monolithic body is formed through a post-cast composite layer. And at the top of the precast exterior wall 4 and the precast doorframe wall 5, a waterstop measure is provided. The waterstop measure includes but is not limited to forms such as a precast boss 23, a precast groove 24, a waterstop steel plate 22, or an expansion waterstop strip, etc.;

[0037] The entrance section 1 is provided with a precast manhole 8. A ladder 12 is provided at the precast manhole 8 for the entry and exit of personnel and items. And at the opening position at the top of the precast manhole 8, a roof cover plate 13 is provided. The precast doorframe wall 5 is provided with an exhaust vent 11 and a precast airtight door 6. A cylindrical ventilation fan is installed at the opening on the side of the exhaust vent 11 close to the entrance section 1, and a stainless steel protective net is installed outside the ventilation fan. Inside the protection area 2, there are beds 16 in the form of upper and lower bunks, storage cabinets 17 (necessary items such as a medicine box, gas mask, barreled water, storage battery, and flashlight need to be configured inside), an ecological dry toilet 18, and an air inlet 10. And the air inlet 10 is connected to the external space above the ground through a ventilation duct 9, and a finished metal wind cap is provided at the top of the ventilation duct 9. At the openings on the side of the air inlet 10 and the exhaust vent 11 close to the protection area 2, a blocking plate 15 is provided. The blocking plate 15 is in an open state usually, and the air inlet 10 and the exhaust vent 11 are normally open. During wartime, the blocking plate 15 is in a closed state, that is, the openings on the indoor side of the air inlet 10 and the exhaust vent 11 are closed by the blocking plate 15 to achieve a better protection effect;

[0038] In order to reduce the vertical construction joints between the walls, lower the waterproof operation difficulty, and avoid potential leakage hazards, in some preferred embodiments, the precast exterior walls 4 and precast doorframe walls 5 of the all-precast underground family shelter are integrally precast and formed;

[0039] Of course, considering the situation that some existing buildings have basements, in order to improve the versatility of the present utility model, the precast exterior wall 4 and the precast doorframe wall 5 of the fully precast underground family shelter are precast in two parts, including a first precast part on one side of the entrance 1 and a second precast part on one side of the protection area 2. The disconnection position between the first precast part and the second precast part is at the precast exterior wall 4 adjacent to the precast doorframe wall 5 at the entrance 1. When the present utility model is in a relatively independent installation environment and does not need to be connected to the existing basement structure, the first precast part and the second precast part are connected to form a whole through the cast-in-place section exterior wall 21, and water-stop measures are provided at the ends of the first precast part and the second precast part close to the cast-in-place section exterior wall 21. The water-stop measures include but are not limited to forms such as precast bosses 23, precast grooves 24, water-stop steel plates 22 or swelling water-stop strips. When the present utility model needs to be connected to the existing basement structure, only the second precast part can be selected and the second precast part can be connected and fixed to the existing basement through the cast-in-place section exterior wall 21;

[0040] Considering the problem that the steel doorframe corresponding to the precast airtight door 6 on the precast doorframe wall 5 is prone to deformation and movement during on-site installation, the precast airtight door 6 and the precast doorframe wall 5 are precast together.

[0041] The specific construction sequence of the present utility model is as follows.

[0042] After the foundation pit excavation is completed, first construct the concrete cushion 26 at the bottom, then construct the waterproof layer 25 at the bottom plate, and then successively carry out the hoisting of the precast foundation 3, the hoisting of the second precast part and the first precast part (if it is necessary to connect to the existing basement, only hoist the second precast part), the construction of the cast-in-place section exterior wall 21 (connect the second precast part and the first precast part, or the second precast part and the existing basement through the cast-in-place section exterior wall 21 to form a whole), the hoisting of the precast composite floor slab 7 and the hoisting of the precast manhole 8, then pour the floor composite layer on-site, and then carry out the installation of the ventilation duct 9. Next, construct the waterproof layer 25 of the exterior wall and the roof, wrap the entire underground family shelter with the waterproof layer 25, and finally carry out the burying process of the foundation pit. Of course, the burying process of the exterior wall waterproof layer 22 and the foundation pit backfill can be carried out synchronously according to the construction progress without waiting for the construction progress of the roof. At the same time, the items (such as the bed 16 and the storage cabinet 17, etc.) placed in the protection area 2 can be hoisted in place as a whole before the roof construction according to the volume size and the installation required space size, or can be transferred to the protection area 2 for installation through the precast manhole 8 after the roof construction is completed.

[0043] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A fully prefabricated underground family shelter, characterized in that: It includes a precast foundation (3), precast exterior walls (4), precast doorframe walls (5), and precast composite floor slabs (7). Its internal space is divided into an entrance area (1) and a protected area (2) by the precast doorframe wall (5). The longitudinal bars of the precast exterior walls (4) and precast doorframe walls (5) are connected to the embedded bars inside the precast foundation (3) through semi-grouting sleeves (19). The gaps between the precast exterior walls (4) and the precast foundation (3), and between the precast doorframe walls (5) and the precast foundation (3) are filled with high-strength grouting material to be dense, and the precast exterior walls (4) and the precast foundation (3) are connected by a rabbet (20). The precast exterior walls (4) and the precast composite floor slabs (7), and the precast doorframe walls (5) and the precast composite floor slabs (7) form a whole through post-cast composite layers, and water-stop measures are provided at the tops of the precast exterior walls (4) and precast doorframe walls (5). A precast manhole (8) is provided in the entrance area (1). A ladder (12) is provided at the precast manhole (8), and a roof cover plate (13) is provided at the opening position at the top of the precast manhole (8). An exhaust vent (11) and a precast airtight door (6) are provided on the precast doorframe wall (5). A bed (16), a storage cabinet (17), an ecological dry toilet (18), and an air inlet (10) are provided in the protected area (2), and the air inlet (10) is communicated with the external space above the ground through a ventilation duct (9).

2. The fully prefabricated underground family shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The precast exterior walls (4) and precast doorframe walls (5) of the fully precast underground family shelter are integrally precast and formed.

3. The fully prefabricated underground family shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The precast exterior walls (4) and precast doorframe walls (5) of the fully precast underground family shelter are precast and formed in two parts, including a first precast part on the side of the entrance area (1) and a second precast part on the side of the protected area (2). The disconnection position between the first precast part and the second precast part is at the precast exterior wall (4) adjacent to the precast doorframe wall (5) in the entrance area (1).

4. A fully prefabricated underground family shelter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first precast part and the second precast part are connected to form a whole through a cast-in-place section exterior wall (21), and water-stop measures are provided at the ends of the first precast part and the second precast part close to the cast-in-place section exterior wall (21).

5. The fully prefabricated underground family shelter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second precast part is connected and fixed to the existing basement through the cast-in-place section exterior wall (21).

6. A fully prefabricated underground family shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel doorframe of the precast airtight door (6) is precast and formed together with the precast doorframe wall (5).

7. A fully prefabricated underground family shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that: Blocking plates (15) are provided at the openings on the side close to the protected area (2) of the air inlet (10) and the exhaust vent (11).

8. A fully prefabricated underground family shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-grouting sleeves (19) are arranged at the tension side longitudinal bars of the precast exterior walls (4) and precast doorframe walls (5).

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