Multifunctional indoor simulation test system for deformation and failure process of anti-tilting rock slope

Abstract

The utility model relates to a multifunctional indoor simulation test system for a deformation and failure process of an anti-tilting rock slope. The multifunctional indoor simulation test system comprises a model box, a heaped load simulation unit, a water storage simulation unit, a rainfall simulation unit and a monitoring unit, the model box is composed of a counter-force loading frame, a sealing transparent plastic plate and a counter-tilting rock slope model. The stacking simulation unit comprises a jack, a loading base plate, a pressure gauge and a dial indicator; the water storage simulation unit comprises a water tank, a water supply pipe, a drainage pipe and a drainage valve; the rainfall simulation unit comprises a spraying system, a water tank, a water supply pipe and the like; the monitoring unit comprises an acoustic emission monitoring system, a miniature soil pressure box, a pore water pressure sensor, a strain gauge, an infrared thermal imager, a camera and the like. According to the utility model, the deformation and damage process of the counter-tilting rock slope under various working conditions such as slope top loading, slope excavation, rainfall simulation and reservoir water storage can be simulated, the deformation and damage mechanism of the counter-tilting rock slope is explored, and support is provided for disaster prevention and reduction of the counter-tilting rock slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering tests, and particularly relates to a multifunctional indoor simulation test system for the deformation and failure process of an anti-dip rock slope. Background Technique

[0002] With the acceleration of the global urbanization process and the rapid development of infrastructure construction, the problem of geological disasters has become increasingly important, and among them, the stability problem of rock slopes is particularly prominent. Due to its unique geological structure and stress characteristics, the anti-dip rock slope will undergo large deformations and even instability failures under the combined action of natural conditions and human factors, seriously threatening the safety of surrounding buildings and human life and property.

[0003] The existing research on the deformation and failure of rock slopes mainly focuses on field observations and theoretical or numerical studies. Although these methods can provide certain theoretical bases, field observations are limited by the complexity of actual geological conditions and the limitations of observation means, and it is difficult to comprehensively and accurately reflect the deformation and failure mechanisms of slopes. Moreover, the models proposed in theoretical or numerical studies are often highly simplified, with a large difference from the working conditions and conditions of engineering examples. At the same time, the parameter values of materials in the numerical simulation process are often limited, and the applicability of numerical simulation methods also often lacks theoretical support and experimental verification, which often leads to inconsistent verification results and it is difficult to combine theory with practice well.

[0004] In order to better study the deformation and failure mechanisms of anti-dip rock slopes, indoor simulation test systems have emerged as the times require. Compared with field tests, indoor simulation tests have the characteristics of strong intuitiveness of failure modes, short test cycles, easy control of conditions, and repeatable tests. They are an important supplement to theory and field measurements and an important means in scientific research work. However, most of the current indoor simulation test systems have single functions and cannot comprehensively simulate the actual working conditions of slopes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a multifunctional indoor model test system for the failure process of anti-dip rock slopes that can solve the above problems. Content of the Utility Model

[0005] In view of the above problems in the research of anti-dip slopes, the utility model proposes a multifunctional indoor simulation test system for the deformation and failure process of an anti-dip rock slope. By means of this system, various working conditions can be simulated to facilitate a comprehensive study of the deformation and failure process of the anti-dip rock slope.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A multifunctional indoor simulation test system for studying the deformation and failure process of an anti-dip rock slope includes a model box, a surcharge simulation unit, a water storage simulation unit, a rainfall simulation unit, a monitoring unit, and an excavation simulation unit.

[0008] The overall exterior of the model box is a reaction force loading frame. The lower part of the reaction force loading frame is connected to the bottom plate, and the upper part is a reaction force plate. Sealed transparent plastic plates are provided on the front and back sides of the reaction force loading frame, and baffles are provided on the left and right sides. Inside the model box, there is an overturned rock slope model cast in layers, and an excavation layer is distributed on the lower part of the overturned rock slope model.

[0009] The load simulation unit includes a jack between the overturned rock slope model and the reaction force plate, dial gauges and pressure gauges on both sides of the jack, and a loading cushion plate between the lower end of the jack and the overturned rock slope model.

[0010] The water storage simulation unit includes a water tank on the right side of the model box, a main water supply pipe and a lower water supply branch pipe connecting the water inlet of the model box and the water tank, a water pump and a flowmeter on the main water supply pipe, a lower water valve on the lower water supply branch pipe, and a drain pipe and a drain valve on the lower left side of the model box.

[0011] The rainfall simulation unit includes a sprinkler system above the overturned rock slope model, a main water supply pipe and an upper water supply branch pipe connecting the sprinkler system and the water tank, a water pump and a flowmeter on the main water supply pipe, and an upper water valve on the upper water supply branch pipe.

[0012] The monitoring unit includes an infrared thermal imager, a camera, an acoustic emission monitoring system, a miniature earth pressure cell, a pore water pressure sensor, and a strain gauge.

[0013] The sealed transparent plastic plates on the front and back sides facilitate the observation of the deformation and failure process of the overturned rock slope. There is a water inlet on the left baffle for the lower water supply branch pipe to enter the model box, and there are small holes on the right baffle for the penetration of sensor connection wires. The reaction force plate serves to provide reaction force.

[0014] Furthermore, the reaction force loading frame is a rectangular parallelepiped model frame, and the main body is composed of columns, long crossbeams, short crossbeams, a bottom plate, and a reaction force plate. The columns, long crossbeams, and short crossbeams are all angle steels.

[0015] Furthermore, when conducting tests on the overturned rock slope model, multiple observation points of different colors will be set on the observation surface as displacement monitoring points.

[0016] Furthermore, the jack serves to apply load, the dial gauge serves to monitor and record the vertical displacement change of the slope during the loading process, the pressure gauge serves to monitor and record the magnitude of the load during the loading process, and the loading cushion plate serves to make the load on the surface of the overturned rock slope evenly distributed.

[0017] Further, the water tank is used for storing water. The water supply pipe includes a main water supply pipe, an upper water supply branch pipe, and a lower water supply branch pipe. One end of the main water supply pipe is connected to the water tank, the lower water supply branch pipe is branched out in the middle, and the other end is connected to the upper water supply branch pipe. The lower water supply branch pipe enters the inside of the box through the water inlet on the left side of the model box to inject water into the box and form reservoir water in front of the slope body. The water pump is used to increase the water supply pressure, and the flow meter is used to monitor the water flow. The lower water valve is used to control the water supply flow to the reservoir water in the model box. The drain pipe can discharge the water body in the model box, and the drain valve is used to control the discharge speed of the water body in the box.

[0018] Further, the sprinkler system includes several spray heads, horizontal chutes, and rollers. The two horizontal chutes and the four columns are fixedly installed together by bolts. The rollers are installed to roll in the horizontal chutes. One end of the upper water supply branch pipe is connected to the main water supply pipe to supply water to the spray heads, and the other end of the upper water supply branch pipe is connected to the spray heads for rainfall. The upper water valve is used to control the water supply flow to the spray heads.

[0019] Further, the cameras include an ordinary camera and a high-speed camera. The acoustic emission monitoring system includes acoustic emission sensors, a data collector, and a computer. Among them, the infrared thermal imager, the ordinary camera, the high-speed camera, the data collector, and the computer are outside the model box, and the acoustic emission sensors, micro-earth pressure cells, pore water pressure sensors, and strain gauges are buried inside the reversed-dip rock slope model.

[0020] Further, the infrared thermal imager, the ordinary camera, and the high-speed camera are on the same side outside the model box and there are two lighting lamps on both sides of them. The acoustic emission sensors, micro-earth pressure cells, pore water pressure sensors, and strain gauges are stacked inside the reversed-dip rock slope model. The infrared thermal imager is used to obtain the temperature field of the reversed-dip rock slope model and determine the position of the landslide failure surface accordingly. The ordinary camera is used to monitor the overall deformation and failure process of the reversed-dip rock slope model. The high-speed camera is used to record the instantaneous slope velocity field of the reversed-dip rock slope model during failure. The acoustic emission sensors are used to monitor the deformation and failure of the reversed-dip rock slope model. The micro-earth pressure cells are used to measure the internal pressure change of the reversed-dip rock slope model 5. The pore water pressure sensors are used to measure the pore water pressure of the reversed-dip rock slope model to determine the position of the phreatic line. The strain gauges are used to obtain the strain field information of the reversed-dip rock slope model. The computer is used to save the monitored data and process these data.

[0021] Further, the signal output ends of the infrared thermal imager, the ordinary camera, the high-speed camera, the acoustic emission sensors, the micro-earth pressure cells, the pore water pressure sensors, and the strain gauges are connected to the signal input end of the data collector, and the signal output end of the data collector is connected to the signal input end of the computer.

[0022] Further, there are a total of 7 micro earth pressure cells distributed along the slope surface of the reverse-dipping rocky slope model, 2 acoustic emission monitoring systems buried in the slope surface of the reverse-dipping rocky slope model, 10 pore water pressure sensors evenly spaced from top to bottom and buried inside the reverse-dipping rocky slope model, and a total of five layers of strain gauges, with 32 strain gauges evenly arranged in each layer.

[0023] Further, there are a total of eight excavation layers, and the thickness of each excavation layer is the same.

[0024] Further, the multi-functional indoor simulation test system for the deformation and failure process of the reverse-dipping rocky slope can simulate various working conditions such as slope top surcharge, slope excavation, rainfall simulation, and reservoir water level fluctuation.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0026] By using the indoor simulation test system, the present utility model can overcome the problems of the traditional outdoor observation and test methods being restricted by the environment and cost.

[0027] In the experimental process of the present utility model, a method combining non-contact measurement and contact measurement is adopted. Non-contact measurement can directly capture the surface deformation of the model without affecting the model, and contact measurement can effectively measure the deep point information of the model through sensors, thereby fully reflecting the deformation and failure mechanism of the model. The measurement system combining the two can accurately reproduce the deformation and failure process of the reverse-dipping rocky slope under a controllable environment.

[0028] The multi-functional indoor simulation test system for the deformation and failure process of the reverse-dipping rocky slope of the present utility model has a relatively simple structure, a safe operation process, reliable test results, and can simulate the deformation and failure process tests of the reverse-dipping rocky slope under various working conditions, including: slope top surcharge, slope excavation, rainfall simulation, and reservoir water level fluctuation. It has strong applicability, can meet the needs of studying the deformation and failure process of the reverse-dipping rocky slope under various conditions, improves the experimental efficiency, and promotes engineering applications.

[0029] The spray system of the present utility model uses the design of a slide rail. The spray system can be removed during slope top surcharge without affecting each other, and can be installed during rainfall simulation, which is convenient to use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the multi-functional indoor simulation test system for the deformation and failure process of the reverse-dipping rocky slope of the present utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 is a front view of the multi-functional indoor simulation test system for the deformation and failure process of the reverse-dipping rocky slope of the present utility model;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the model test device;

[0033] Figure 4 It is the front view of the model test device;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the model test device under the action of reservoir water;

[0035] Figure 6 It is the front view of the model test device under the action of reservoir water;

[0036] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the spray system;

[0037] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the nozzle;

[0038] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the model structure of the reverse-inclined rock slope.

[0039] In the figure: 1. Jack; 2. Dial gauge; 3. Pressure gauge; 4. Loading pad; 5. Reverse-inclined rock slope model; 6. Excavation layer; 7. Infrared thermal imager; 8. Ordinary camera; 9. High-speed camera; 10. Lighting lamp; 11. Data collector; 12. Computer; 13. Acoustic emission sensor; 14. Miniature earth pressure cell; 15. Pore water pressure sensor; 16. Strain gauge; 17. Water tank; 18. Main water supply pipe; 19. Water pump; 20. Flowmeter; 21. Nozzle; 22. Horizontal chute; 23. Roller; 24. Upper water supply branch pipe; 25. Lower water supply branch pipe; 26. Upper water valve; 27. Lower water valve; 28. Drain pipe; 29. Drain valve; 30. Column; 31. Long cross beam; 32. Short cross beam; 33. Bottom plate; 34. Reaction plate; 35. Reservoir water; 36. Reservoir water level; 37. Water tank storage water level. Specific embodiments

[0040] The following will further describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0041] As Figures 1 to 6 shown, this embodiment provides a multi-functional indoor simulation test system for the deformation and failure process of a reverse-inclined rock slope, which includes a model box, a surcharge simulation unit, a water storage simulation unit, a rainfall simulation unit, a monitoring unit, and an excavation simulation unit.

[0042] The overall exterior of the model box is a reaction force loading frame. The lower part of the reaction force loading frame is connected to the bottom plate 33, and the upper part is a reaction force plate 34. Sealed transparent plastic plates are provided on the front and back sides of the reaction force loading frame, and baffles are provided on the left and right sides. Inside the model box, there is an overturned rock slope model 5 cast in layers. An excavation layer 6 is distributed on the lower part of the overturned rock slope model 5. The excavation layer 6 has a total of eight layers and the thickness of each layer is the same.

[0043] The reaction force loading frame is a cuboid model frame, and the main body is composed of columns 30, long cross beams 31, short cross beams 32, a bottom plate 33, and a reaction force plate 34. Among them, the columns 30, long cross beams 31, and short cross beams 32 are all angle steels. The lower parts of the four columns 30 are connected to the bottom plate 33, long cross beams 31, and short cross beams 32 through bolts or welding and act together. The upper parts of the columns 30 are connected to the long cross beams 31 and short cross beams 32 through bolts or welding. Sealed transparent plastic plates are provided on the front and back sides of the reaction force loading frame, baffles are provided on the left and right sides of the reaction force loading frame, and the upper part of the reaction force loading frame is a reaction force plate 34. The transparent plastic plates, baffles, and reaction force plate 34 are all fixed to the reaction force loading frame through bolts, and sealant is filled between them and the reaction force loading frame. Among them, the sealed transparent plastic plates facilitate observing the deformation and failure process of the overturned rock slope. There is a water inlet on the left baffle of the model box for the lower water supply branch pipe 25 to enter the model box; there are small holes on the right baffle of the model box for the penetration of the connecting wires of the acoustic emission sensors 13, etc. The reaction force plate 34 plays the role of providing reaction force.

[0044] The surcharge simulation unit includes a jack 1, a dial gauge 2, and a pressure gauge 3 between the overturned rock slope model 5 and the reaction force plate 34. There is a loading cushion plate 4 between the lower end of the jack 1 and the overturned rock slope model 5. Among them, the jack 1 plays the role of loading, and the jack 1 is equipped with a pressure gauge; the dial gauge 2 plays the role of monitoring and recording the vertical displacement change of the slope during the loading process, and the pressure gauge 3 plays the role of monitoring and recording the magnitude of the load during the loading process. The loading cushion plate 4 plays the role of making the load on the surface of the overturned rock slope evenly distributed.

[0045] The water storage simulation unit includes a water tank 17 on the right side of the model box, a main water supply pipe 18 connecting the water inlet of the model box and the water tank 17, a lower water supply branch pipe 25, a water pump 19 on the main water supply pipe 18, a flowmeter 20, a lower water valve 28 on the lower water supply branch pipe 26, a drain pipe 28 on the lower left side of the model box, and a drain valve 29; the water tank 17 is used for storing water, one end of the main water supply pipe 18 is connected to the water tank 17, the lower water supply branch pipe 25 is branched in the middle, and the other end is connected to the upper water supply branch pipe 24; the lower water supply branch pipe 25 is connected to the model box body through the water inlet to inject water into the model box body, so as to form reservoir water 35 in front of the slope body. The water pump 19 is used to increase the water supply pressure, and the flowmeter 20 is used to monitor the water flow. The lower water valve 27 is used to control the water injection flow of the lower water supply branch pipe 25 into the model box, the drain pipe 28 can discharge the water body in the model box, and the drain valve 29 is used to control the discharge speed of the water body in the box.

[0046] The rainfall simulation unit includes a spraying system above the reverse-dipping rock slope model 5, an upper water supply branch pipe 24, and an upper water valve 26 on the upper water supply branch pipe 24. The spraying system includes horizontal chutes 22, rollers 23, and a number of spray nozzles 21. The two horizontal chutes 22 are fixed together with four columns 30 by bolts, and the rollers 23 are installed to roll in the horizontal chutes; one end of the upper water supply branch pipe 24 is connected to the main water supply pipe 18 for supplying water to the spray nozzles 21; the spray nozzles 21 are connected to the other end of the upper water supply branch pipe 24 for simulating rainfall, and the upper water valve 26 is used to control the water supply flow to the spray nozzles 21.

[0047] The monitoring unit includes an infrared thermal imager 7, a camera, an acoustic emission monitoring system, a micro-earth pressure cell 14, a pore water pressure sensor 15, and a strain gauge 16; the camera includes an ordinary camera 8 and a high-speed camera 9; the acoustic emission monitoring system includes an acoustic emission sensor 13, a data collector 11, and a computer 12. Among them, the infrared thermal imager 7, the ordinary camera 8, the high-speed camera 9, the data collector 11, and the computer 12 are outside the model box, and the acoustic emission sensor 13, the micro-earth pressure cell 14, the pore water pressure sensor 15, and the strain gauge 16 are buried inside the reverse-dipping rock slope model 5.

[0048] The infrared thermal imager 7, the ordinary camera 8, and the high-speed camera 9 are on the same side outside the model box, and there are two lighting lamps 10 on both sides of them. The infrared thermal imager 7 is used to obtain the temperature field of the anti-dipping rock slope model 5 and determine the position of the landslide failure surface accordingly. The ordinary camera 8 is used to monitor the overall deformation and failure process of the anti-dipping rock slope model 5. The high-speed camera 9 is used to record the slope velocity field at the moment of failure of the anti-dipping rock slope model 5. The acoustic emission sensor 13 monitors the deformation and failure of the anti-dipping rock slope model 5. The micro-earth pressure cell 14 is used to measure the internal pressure change of the anti-dipping rock slope model 5. The pore water pressure sensor 15 is used to measure the pore water pressure of the anti-dipping rock slope model 5 to determine the position of the phreatic line. The strain gauge 16 is used to record the evolution information of the slope strain field during the excavation process. The computer 12 is used to store the monitored data and process these data. Among them, the signal output ends of the infrared thermal imager 7, the ordinary camera 8, the high-speed camera 9, the acoustic emission sensor 13, the micro-earth pressure cell 14, the pore water pressure sensor 15, and the strain gauge 16 are connected to the signal input end of the data collector 11, and the signal output end of the data collector 11 is connected to the signal input end of the computer 12. The number of each sensor can be set according to needs. In this embodiment, there are 7 micro-earth pressure cells 14 distributed along the slope surface of the anti-dipping rock slope model 5, 2 acoustic emission sensors 13 buried on the slope surface of the anti-dipping rock slope model 5, 10 pore water pressure sensors 15 evenly buried at intervals from top to bottom inside the anti-dipping rock slope model 5, and the strain gauges 16 are arranged in five layers, with 32 in each layer evenly arranged.

[0049] Using this anti-dipping rock slope model test system, different test contents can be simulated. Specifically, it includes the deformation and failure model test of the anti-dipping rock slope under the action of slope top surcharge, the deformation and failure model test of the anti-dipping rock slope under the action of slope excavation, the deformation and failure model test of the anti-dipping rock slope induced by rainfall without reservoir water level, the deformation and failure model test of the anti-dipping rock slope induced by rainfall under a constant reservoir water level, and the deformation and failure model test of the anti-dipping rock slope under the action of reservoir water level. Now, each test content will be described separately.

[0050] When conducting the deformation and failure model test of the anti-dipping rock slope under the action of slope top surcharge, the following steps are included:

[0051] S1 Based on the parameters of the topography, geologic structure, and in-situ stress of the anti-dipping rock slope obtained from the actual engineering geological survey and based on the similarity principle, establish the relationship between the prototype and the model of the anti-dipping slope to be studied. Under the condition that the geometric shape, load, boundary conditions, strength, and bulk density conform to the similarity principle, use similar materials to fabricate the anti-dipping rock slope model 5.

[0052] Place the reverse-dipping rocky slope model 5 in the space enclosed by the bottom plate 33, the baffle plate and the sealed transparent plastic plate, and use the high-speed camera 9 to take pictures of the initial state of the reverse-dipping rocky slope model 5. Then bury the acoustic emission sensor 13 and the micro-earth pressure cell 14 inside the reverse-dipping rocky slope model 1, and install the loading device, the infrared thermal imager 7, the ordinary camera 8, the high-speed camera 9 and the lighting lamp 10 at the established positions. At the same time, set multiple observation points of different colors on the observation surface as displacement monitoring points.

[0053] Use the high-speed camera 9 to take pictures of the initial state of the reverse-dipping rocky slope model 5, start the jack 1 to apply the load, and control the loading speed through the dial gauge 2 and the pressure gauge 3.

[0054] Monitor the failure process of the reverse-dipping rocky slope model 5 through the monitoring system, use the infrared thermal imager 7, the ordinary camera 8 and the high-speed camera 9 to record the whole process of the failure process of the reverse-dipping rocky slope model 5, obtain the displacement and deformation conditions of the observation surface of the reverse-dipping rocky slope model 5 and determine the position of the slope failure surface. Monitor the deformation and failure of the reverse-dipping rocky slope model 5 through the acoustic emission sensor 13 and measure the change of the internal pressure during the deformation process of the reverse-dipping rocky slope model 5 through the micro-earth pressure cell 14.

[0055] After the test is completed, clean the model box. Later, receive and process the data through the data collector 11 and use the computer 12 to conduct a detailed analysis of the data obtained by the monitoring system.

[0056] When conducting the deformation and failure model test of the reverse-dipping rocky slope under the action of slope excavation, the following steps are included:

[0057] S1 Based on the parameters of the topography, geological structure and in-situ stress of the reverse-dipping rocky slope obtained from the actual engineering geological survey and based on the similarity principle, establish the relationship between the prototype and the model of the reverse-dipping slope under study. Under the condition that the geometric shape, load, boundary conditions, strength and bulk density conform to the similarity principle, use similar materials to make the reverse-dipping rocky slope model 5.

[0058] Place the reverse-dipping rocky slope model 5 in the space enclosed by the bottom plate 33, the baffle plate and the sealed transparent plastic plate and preload the model. Then bury the acoustic emission sensor 13, the micro-earth pressure cell 14 and the strain gauge 16 inside the reverse-dipping rocky slope model 5, and install the excavation layer 6, the infrared thermal imager 7, the ordinary camera 8, the high-speed camera 9 and the lighting lamp 10 at the established positions.

[0059] Before excavation, the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5 is left stationary and the initial state of the model is captured by the high-speed camera 9. Subsequently, the slope is excavated layer by layer from top to bottom according to the design using a shovel. After each layer of excavation, the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5 is left stationary for a period of time before the next layer of excavation is carried out until the excavation is completed.

[0060] S4 Record the deformation and failure characteristics of the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5 through the ordinary camera 8, conduct digital image correlation analysis on the captured images to obtain the displacement field, monitor the velocity field of the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5 through the high-speed camera 9, monitor the internal pressure distribution and changes of the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5 through the miniature earth pressure cell 14, reveal the details of the progressive failure process of the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5 through the acoustic emission sensor 13, monitor its deformation and failure using the frequency and amplitude of the slope model fluctuations, and record the evolution information of the strain field of the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5 during excavation through the strain gauge 16.

[0061] After the test, the model box is cleaned. Later, the data collector 11 receives and processes the data, and the computer 12 conducts a detailed analysis of the data obtained by the monitoring system.

[0062] For the model test on the deformation and failure of the reversed-dip rocky slope induced by rainfall without reservoir water level drawdown, the following steps are included:

[0063] S1 Based on the parameters of the topography, geologic structure, and in-situ stress of the reversed-dip rocky slope obtained from the actual engineering geological survey and on the similarity principle, establish the relationship between the prototype and the model of the reversed-dip slope under study. Under the condition that the geometric shape, load, boundary conditions, strength, and bulk density conform to the similarity principle, a reversed-dip rocky slope model 5 is fabricated using similar materials.

[0064] S2 Place the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5 in the space enclosed by the bottom plate, baffle, and sealed transparent plastic plate, and capture the initial state of the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5 using the high-speed camera 9. Then, bury the acoustic emission sensor 13, pore water pressure sensor 15, and miniature earth pressure cell 14 inside the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5, and install the infrared thermal imager 7, ordinary camera 8, high-speed camera 9, and lighting lamp 10 at the designated positions. At the same time, set multiple observation points of different colors on the observation surface as displacement monitoring points.

[0065] S3 Place the roller 23 in the sprinkler system into the horizontal chute 22, connect the sprinkler system and the water tank 17 using the main water supply pipe 18, turn on the water pump 19 on the main water supply pipe 18, open the upper water valve 26, and adjust the rainfall flowmeter 20 according to the rainfall intensity set in the test. Supply water to the sprinkler system through the water tank 17 to start rainfall.

[0066] S4 uses the monitoring system to monitor the failure process of the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5. The infrared thermal imager 7, ordinary camera 8, and high-speed camera 9 are used to record the entire process of the failure of the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5, obtain the displacement and deformation of the observation surface of the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5, and determine the position of the slope failure surface. The acoustic emission sensor 13 is used to monitor the deformation and failure of the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5, the pore water pressure sensor 15 is used to obtain the pore water pressure during the deformation of the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5, monitor the position of the phreatic line in the rock stratum, and the micro-earth pressure cell 14 is used to measure the change of the internal pressure during the deformation of the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5.

[0067] After the test in S5 is completed, open the drain valve 29 on the drain pipe 28 to drain the water. In the later stage, the data collector 11 is used to receive and process the data, and the computer 12 is used to conduct a detailed analysis of the data obtained by the monitoring system.

[0068] When conducting the model test on the deformation and failure of the reversed-dip rocky slope induced by the constant decline of the reservoir water level and rainfall, the following steps are included:

[0069] S1 Based on the parameters of the topography, geologic structure, and in-situ stress of the reversed-dip rocky slope obtained from the actual engineering geological survey and based on the similarity principle, establish the relationship between the prototype and the model of the reversed-dip slope under study. Under the condition that the geometric shape, load, boundary conditions, strength, and bulk density conform to the similarity principle, use similar materials to make the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5.

[0070] S2 Place the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5 in the space enclosed by the bottom plate, baffle, and sealed transparent plastic plate, and use the high-speed camera 9 to take a picture of the initial state of the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5. Then, bury the acoustic emission sensor 13, pore water pressure sensor 15, and micro-earth pressure cell 14 inside the reversed-dip rocky slope model 5, and install the infrared thermal imager 7, ordinary camera 8, high-speed camera 9, and lighting lamp 10 at the established positions. At the same time, set multiple observation points of different colors on the observation surface as displacement monitoring points.

[0071] S3 Connect the water supply main pipe 18 and the lower water supply branch pipe 25, turn on the water pump 19 on the water supply main pipe 18, open the lower water valve 27, use the water pump 19 to pump the water in the water tank 17, and let it flow into the model box through the lower water supply branch pipe 28 to achieve water storage. Immediately close the lower water valve 27 when the preset reservoir water level height is reached and stop the water supply. After the water storage is completed, the water level in the model box will be maintained at a certain constant height.

[0072] S4 Place the roller 23 in the spray system into the horizontal chute 22, connect the upper water supply branch pipe 24 and the water tank 17 with the water supply main pipe 18, open the upper water valve 26, supply water to the spray system through the water tank 17, and start rainfall.

[0073] S5 monitors the failure process of the overturned rock slope model 5 through a monitoring system, and uses an infrared thermal imager 7, an ordinary camera 8, and a high-speed camera 9 to record the entire process of the failure process of the overturned rock slope model 5, obtain the displacement and deformation of the observation surface of the overturned rock slope model 5, and determine the location of the slope failure surface. The deformation and failure of the overturned rock slope model 5 are monitored through acoustic emission sensors 13, the pore water pressure during the deformation process of the overturned rock slope model 5 is obtained through pore water pressure sensors 15, the position of the infiltration line in the rock stratum is monitored, and the change of the internal pressure during the deformation process of the overturned rock slope model 5 is measured through micro-earth pressure cells 14.

[0074] After the test in S6 is completed, open the drain valve 29 on the drain pipe 28 to drain the water. Later, receive and process the data through the data collector 11, and use a computer 12 to conduct a detailed analysis of the data obtained by the monitoring system.

[0075] The model test on the deformation and failure of the overturned rock slope under the action of reservoir water level includes the following steps:

[0076] S1 Based on the parameters of the topography, geologic structure, and in-situ stress of the overturned rock slope obtained from the actual engineering geological survey, and based on the similarity principle, establish the relationship between the prototype and the model of the overturned slope under study. Under the condition that the geometric shape, load, boundary conditions, strength, and bulk density conform to the similarity principle, use similar materials to fabricate the overturned rock slope model 5.

[0077] S2 Place the overturned rock slope model 5 in the space enclosed by the bottom plate 33, the baffle, and the sealed transparent plastic plate, and use a high-speed camera 9 to take a picture of the initial state of the overturned rock slope model 5. Then, bury pore water pressure sensors 15 and micro-earth pressure cells 14 inside the overturned rock slope model 5, and install the infrared thermal imager 7, the ordinary camera 8, the high-speed camera 9, and the lighting lamp 10 at the predetermined positions. At the same time, set multiple observation points of different colors on the observation surface as displacement monitoring points.

[0078] S3 Connect the water supply main pipe 18 and the lower water supply branch pipe 25, turn on the water pump 19 on the water supply main pipe 18, open the lower water valve 27 and close the drain valve 29, use the water pump 19 to pump water from the water tank 17, and let it flow into the model box through the lower water supply branch pipe 25 to achieve water storage. When the reservoir water level rises to the designed water level line, close the lower water valve 27 to suspend water storage.

[0079] S4 After the reservoir water level reaches the designed water level and stabilizes for a period of time, then quickly open the drain valve 29 to cause a sudden drop in the slope water level.

[0080] S5 records the displacement changes and the process of crack generation of the reverse-dipping rock slope model 5 through a high-speed camera, obtains the pore water pressure during the deformation process of the reverse-dipping rock slope model 5 through the pore water pressure sensor 15, monitors the position of the phreatic line in the rock stratum, and measures the change of the internal pressure during the deformation process of the reverse-dipping rock slope model 5 through the miniature earth pressure cell 14.

[0081] After the test in S6, the model box is cleaned. Later, the data collector 11 receives and processes the data, and the computer 12 analyzes the data obtained by the monitoring system in detail.

[0082] Of course, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and does not limit the scope of use of the present utility model. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A multifunctional indoor simulation test system for the deformation and failure process of an anti-dip rocky slope, comprising a model box, a monitoring unit and an excavation simulation unit, characterized in that: There are also a surcharge simulation unit, a water storage simulation unit and a rainfall simulation unit; The outside of the model box is an overall reaction force loading frame. The lower part of the reaction force loading frame is connected to the bottom plate, and the upper part is a reaction force plate. Sealed transparent plastic plates are provided on the front and back sides of the reaction force loading frame, and baffles are provided on the left and right sides. Inside the model box, there is an overturned rock slope model cast in layers, and an excavation layer is distributed on the lower part of the overturned rock slope model; The surcharge simulation unit includes a jack between the overturned rock slope model and the reaction force plate. The jack is a jack with a pressure gauge; a loading cushion plate is provided between the jack and the overturned rock slope model. A dial gauge is provided beside the jack, and the dial gauge is fixed on the loading cushion plate, and the probe of the dial gauge abuts against the lower part of the reaction force plate; The rainfall simulation unit is arranged at the upper part of the model box.

2. The multi-functional indoor simulation test system for the deformation and failure process of anti-tilt rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water storage simulation unit includes a water tank, a main water supply pipe and a lower water supply branch pipe; one end of the main water supply pipe is connected to the water tank, and the other end is connected to the lower water supply branch pipe; a water pump and a flowmeter are provided on the main water supply pipe, a lower water valve is provided on the lower water supply branch pipe, and a drain pipe and a drain valve are provided on the lower side of the model box.

3. The multifunctional indoor simulation test system for the deformation and failure process of the anti-dip rocky slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rainfall simulation unit includes a spraying system and an upper water supply branch pipe; an upper water valve is provided on the upper water supply branch pipe; the spraying system includes a horizontal chute, rollers and a number of nozzles. The horizontal chute is fixed on the column, the rollers are installed in the horizontal chute and roll, the upper water supply branch pipe is arranged on the roller shaft, and the upper water supply branch pipe is connected to the nozzles.

4. The multifunctional indoor simulation test system for the deformation and failure process of an anti-dip rocky slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring unit includes an infrared thermal imager, a camera, an acoustic emission monitoring system, a micro earth pressure cell, a pore water pressure sensor and a strain gauge; the infrared thermal imager, the camera, the acoustic emission monitoring system, the micro earth pressure cell, the pore water pressure sensor and the strain gauge are connected to a data collector, and the data collector is connected to a computer.

5. A multifunctional indoor simulation test system for the deformation and failure process of an anti-dumping rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction force loading frame is a cuboid model frame, and the main body is composed of columns, long cross beams, short cross beams, a bottom plate and a reaction force plate; the columns, long cross beams and short cross beams are all angle steels.

6. A multifunctional indoor simulation test system for the deformation and failure process of an anti-inclined rock slope according to claim 4, characterized in that: The camera includes an ordinary camera and a high-speed camera.

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