Monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing unmanned aerial vehicle and birds

Abstract

The utility model provides a monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing an unmanned aerial vehicle and birds, which comprises a radome, a radar internal main body, a dehumidifier, a radar power supply box and a servo motor system, and is characterized in that the radar internal main body comprises a transmitting-receiving machine and a transmitting-receiving machine antenna, the transmitting-receiving machine antenna comprises a transmitter antenna and a receiver antenna, the transmitter antenna and the receiver antenna are both of a hollow cone structure, the cross section of each cone structure is rectangular, and the cross sections are gradually increased in the axis direction of the transmitter-receiver antenna from the bottom of the transmitter-receiver antenna to the opening end of the transmitter-receiver antenna. The technical problem that in the prior art, a radar cannot accurately recognize an unmanned aerial vehicle and birds is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of radar technology. Specifically, it relates to a monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing drones and birds. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of drone technology and its wide application in various fields, the demand for the monitoring and management of drones is increasing day by day. However, existing radar systems face many challenges in accurately distinguishing drones and birds. Traditional radar systems usually cannot effectively solve this problem, mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0003] Firstly, the echo characteristics of drones and birds on the radar may be very similar. For example, they often produce similar radar echoes in terms of speed, size, and shape, which makes it difficult for traditional radar systems to perform accurate target classification. Radar systems in the prior art often lack a sufficiently refined recognition mechanism and cannot extract enough detailed information from radar signals to distinguish these targets.

[0004] Secondly, environmental interference is also a major problem. Radar systems are often interfered by various environmental factors such as meteorological conditions and terrain changes in actual applications, and these interferences further increase the difficulty of accurately identifying targets. Existing radar systems often show unstable or inaccurate recognition capabilities in such an environment.

[0005] Furthermore, the antenna structure of the transmitting and receiving unit of traditional radar systems often lacks targeted optimization, resulting in limitations in the performance of transmitting and receiving radar signals. The deficiencies of this structure make it difficult for radar systems to meet the requirements of accurately distinguishing different targets. Summary of the Utility Model

[0006] The main purpose of this application is to provide a monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing drones and birds to solve the technical problem that existing radars cannot accurately identify drones and birds.

[0007] To achieve the above objective, this application provides a monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing drones and birds, including a radome, the main body inside the radar, a dehumidifier, a radar power supply box, and a servo motor system. The main body inside the radar includes a transmitting and receiving unit and an antenna of the transmitting and receiving unit. Among them, the antenna of the transmitting and receiving unit includes a transmitter antenna and a receiver antenna. Both the transmitter antenna and the receiver antenna are hollow cone structures. The cross-section of the cone structure is rectangular, and the cross-section gradually increases along the axis direction of the antenna of the transmitting and receiving unit from the bottom to the open end of the antenna of the transmitting and receiving unit.

[0008] In some embodiments, the transmitting and receiving device includes a receiver, and the receiver includes: a limiter, a mixing circuit, an intermediate frequency amplifier circuit, a detection circuit, a signal processing sampler, and a data processing circuit. Among them, the intermediate frequency amplifier circuit is connected to the mixing circuit and is used to amplify the radar echo signal output by the mixing circuit; the detection circuit is connected to the intermediate frequency amplifier circuit and is used to extract the signal component from the radar echo signal, and the radar echo signal carries the characteristic information of the target object.

[0009] In some embodiments, the radar further includes a flange base, and the flange base includes: a base body, made of metal or composite material, having a circular or polygonal structure, and provided with an anti-slip pad at the bottom; a connecting support rod, vertically connected to the base body and used to support the internal main body of the radar, and the support rod has a telescopic mechanism for adjusting the height of the support rod; a fixing device, arranged on the upper part of the support rod and connected to the internal main body of the radar through bolts or a locking mechanism.

[0010] In some embodiments, the flange base further includes an angle adjustment component, and the angle adjustment component includes: a rotating disk, installed on the top of the support rod to enable the radar to rotate 360 degrees on a horizontal plane; a horizontal adjustment device, arranged between the rotating disk and the internal main body of the radar and used to adjust the horizontal angle of the radar; a vertical adjustment device, arranged between the rotating disk and the internal main body of the radar and used to adjust the pitch angle of the radar.

[0011] In some embodiments, the rotating disk includes: a rotating shaft, installed on the top of the connecting support rod and realizing the rotation function through an electric driving device; a rotating disk body, fixedly connected to the rotating shaft and used to keep the internal main body of the radar balanced during rotation.

[0012] In some embodiments, the material of the cone structure of the transmitting and receiving device antenna is a material with a dielectric constant greater than a preset dielectric constant threshold.

[0013] In some embodiments, the radome includes: an outer shell, made of weather-resistant material; a lining layer, arranged inside the outer shell and forming an isolation layer with the outer shell, and used to absorb and reduce the external interference of the radar echo signal.

[0014] In some embodiments, the servo motor system includes: a motor main body, arranged inside the radome and used to drive the rotation and adjustment of the transmitting and receiving device antenna; a driving device, connected to the motor main body and used to control the rotation speed and direction of the servo motor; a feedback sensor, connected to the servo motor and used to monitor the actual angle of the transmitting and receiving device antenna and feedback it to the control system.

[0015] In some embodiments, the connecting support rod is provided with an internal channel for arranging cable lines.

[0016] In some embodiments, the locking mechanism is fixed to and detached from the internal body of the radar through bolts or quick release devices.

[0017] Applying the technical solution of the present application solves the technical problem in the prior art that the radar cannot accurately identify drones and birds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The specification drawings forming a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The schematic embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present application. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 is the front view of a monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing drones and birds disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 is the top view of a flange base of a monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing drones and birds disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 is the top view of another flange base of a monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing drones and birds disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 is the cross-sectional view of a flange base of a monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing drones and birds disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 is the installation schematic diagram of a flange base of a monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing drones and birds disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 6 is the structural diagram of the internal body of a radar of a monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing drones and birds disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 7 is the structural diagram of a transmitting and receiving machine of a monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing drones and birds disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 8 is the circuit diagram of a transmitting and receiving machine of a monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing drones and birds disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 9 is the structural diagram of an antenna of a transmitting and receiving machine of a monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing drones and birds disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 10 It is a working schematic diagram of a monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing drones and birds disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Among them, the above-mentioned drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0030] 1. Radome; 2. Flange base; 21. Base main body; 22. Connecting support rod; 23. Rotating disk; 3. Radar internal main body; 31. Transceiver antenna; 32. Transceiver; 311. Transmitter antenna; 312. Receiver antenna; 100. Radar. Detailed implementation manners

[0031] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0032] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing the specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless otherwise clearly specified in the context, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "include" and / or "comprise" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or their combinations.

[0033] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangements, numerical expressions and numerical values of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application. At the same time, it should be understood that, for the sake of convenience of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual proportional relationships. Technologies, methods and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the said technologies, methods and devices should be regarded as part of the authorized specification. In all the examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be construed as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0034] Refer to Figures 1 to 9 , a monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing drones and birds provided by the present application includes a radome 1, a flange base 2, a radar internal main body 3, a dehumidifier, a radar power supply box, and a servo motor system. Among them, the radar internal main body 3 includes a transceiver 32 and a transceiver antenna 31.

[0035] AsFigure 1 As shown, the radome 1 is mainly composed of two parts: an outer shell and a lining layer. The outer shell is made of weather-resistant materials, which have excellent performance in wind resistance, rain resistance, ultraviolet resistance, and high temperature resistance, and can effectively resist the influence of harsh weather conditions. Commonly used weather-resistant materials include high-density polyethylene (HDPE), fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP), or weather-resistant aluminum alloy. The design of the outer shell not only has a certain thickness and strength to ensure the stability and durability of the structure, but also its outer surface is specially treated, such as anti-ultraviolet coating or anti-corrosion treatment, to enhance its service life. The lining layer is arranged inside the outer shell, forming an isolation layer between the outer shell and the lining layer. The main function of this isolation layer is to absorb and reduce the external interference of the radar echo signal, thereby improving the clarity and accuracy of the signal. The lining layer is usually made of materials such as high-frequency absorbing foam, conductive rubber, or electromagnetic wave absorbing coating, which can effectively absorb electromagnetic noise and reflected interference and optimize the signal quality of the radar system.

[0036] As Figures 2 to 5 shown, the flange base 2 provides a stable installation platform for the radar and allows the adjustment of the height and angle of the radar to adapt to different installation requirements and operating conditions. The main structure of the flange base 2 includes a base body 21, a connecting support rod 22, a fixing device, and in some embodiments, an angle adjustment component.

[0037] The base body 21 is made of metal or composite materials and has a circular or polygonal structure to provide sufficient stability and strength. The bottom of the base body 21 is equipped with anti-slip pads, which can effectively prevent the base from sliding or moving on the installation surface, thus ensuring the stability of the radar system. Metal materials such as steel or aluminum alloy, or composite materials such as fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP), can be used to manufacture the base body 21, and these materials have excellent mechanical properties and weather resistance.

[0038] The connecting support rod 22 is vertically connected to the upper part of the base body 21, and its main function is to support the internal main body 3 of the radar. The support rod is equipped with a telescopic mechanism, enabling it to be adjusted in height according to needs. This design allows the radar system to conveniently adjust its height according to the specific installation environment and usage requirements to achieve the best detection effect.

[0039] The fixing device is located at the upper part of the support rod and fixes the internal main body 3 of the radar to the support rod through bolts or locking mechanisms. The design of the fixing device ensures that the radar will not be displaced due to vibration or external forces during operation, providing a stable working platform.

[0040] In some embodiments, the flange base 2 is also equipped with an angle adjustment assembly to precisely adjust the radar's horizontal and vertical angles. This angle adjustment assembly includes a rotating disk 23, a horizontal adjustment mechanism, and a vertical adjustment mechanism. The rotating disk 23 is mounted on top of the support rod, enabling the radar to rotate 360 degrees horizontally, thereby covering a wider detection range. The horizontal and vertical adjustment mechanisms are located between the rotating disk 23 and the radar's internal body 3, respectively, to adjust the radar's horizontal and vertical angles, enabling precise directional adjustments under various installation conditions.

[0041] In some embodiments, the rotating disk 23 is designed to include a rotating shaft and a rotating disk 23 body. The rotating shaft is mounted on top of the connecting support rod 22 and is driven by an electric drive. This design allows the rotating disk 23 to rotate smoothly under the electric drive, thereby achieving 360-degree horizontal scanning of the radar. The rotating disk 23 body is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft to maintain the stability and balance of the radar's internal body 3 during rotation, preventing swaying or shaking caused by rotation from affecting radar performance.

[0042] The flange base 2 provided in this application not only provides stable support for the radar system, but also, through its adjustable structure and components, enhances the radar system's adaptability and operational flexibility in various installation environments. Whether required for high stability in a fixed position or for dynamic adjustment, the flange base 2 ensures the reliability and effectiveness of the radar system.

[0043] like Figure 6 As shown, the radar internal body 3 includes a transceiver antenna 31 and a transceiver 32 .

[0044] The transmitter and receiver 32 consists of two main parts: a receiver and a transmitter. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown in Figure 1. The receiver processes radar signals reflected from target objects. The receiver includes a limiter, a mixer, an intermediate frequency amplifier (IF amplifier), a detector, a signal processing sampler, and a data processing circuit. The limiter, located at the receiver input, limits the signal amplitude to prevent strong signals from damaging subsequent circuits. The mixer mixes the local oscillator (LO) signal, converting the high-frequency radar echo signal into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal for further processing. The IF amplifier (IF amplifier) is connected after the mixer to amplify the IF signal, increasing its amplitude and ensuring more accurate subsequent processing. The detector extracts useful signal components from the IF amplifier output signal, providing characteristic information about the target object. The signal processing sampler samples the detected signal and converts it into a digital signal for further analysis by the data processing circuit. The data processing circuit processes and analyzes the digital signal to identify specific information about the target object, such as its position, speed, and size.

[0045] The transmitter includes a local oscillator circuit, a frequency multiplier circuit, a modulator, an amplifier, and a frequency modulation controller. The local oscillator circuit generates a stable local oscillator signal to provide a reference for the mixer circuit. The frequency multiplier circuit multiplies the local oscillator signal to increase the signal frequency to meet the operating frequency band requirements of the radar. The modulator is responsible for modulating the multiplied signal into a frequency-modulated signal to adapt to the detection requirements. The amplifier amplifies the modulated signal to provide sufficient power for transmission, ensuring that the signal can effectively cover the target area. The frequency modulation controller precisely controls the frequency change during the modulation process to ensure that the transmitted signal conforms to the predetermined frequency modulation curve and improves the detection accuracy.

[0046] As Figure 9 shown, the transmit-receive antenna 31 is composed of a transmitter antenna 311 and a receiver antenna 312, both of which adopt a hollow cone structure. The cross-section of this cone structure is rectangular and gradually increases along the axis direction from the bottom to the open end of the transmit-receive antenna 31. The hollow cone structure helps to optimize the propagation and reception of electromagnetic waves. The open end of the cone is larger, effectively increasing the amount of signals received by the antenna, which is particularly important for receiving weak reflected signals. The cone structure of the transmitter antenna can more evenly distribute electromagnetic waves during transmission through its gradually increasing opening width, improving the detection range and accuracy; while the receiver antenna improves the ability to receive weak signals reflected from the target through a similar structural design. In addition, the design of the rectangular cross-section helps to optimize the directivity and gain of the antenna. Compared with traditional circular or other cross-sectional shapes, the antenna with a rectangular cross-section can provide higher gain in a specific direction, which helps to improve the resolution of the system for different targets. Especially when identifying drones and birds, the transmitted and received electromagnetic waves can capture the minute changes of the target with higher accuracy, thereby improving the accuracy of identification. Additionally, the material of the antenna is selected as a material with a dielectric constant greater than a preset dielectric constant threshold. This high-dielectric-constant material has better electromagnetic wave directivity and low-loss characteristics. It can effectively reduce the attenuation of signals during propagation, improve the operating efficiency and detection ability of the antenna. This material can ensure the stability and accuracy of signals, helping to distinguish different types of targets in a complex environment. In summary, the combined effects of the hollow cone structure, rectangular cross-section, and high-dielectric-constant material of the transmit-receive antenna 31 enable the radar system to effectively identify drones and birds. This structure can provide high-resolution target identification under complex environmental conditions, precisely capture the micro-Doppler characteristics of the target, and thus effectively distinguish the signal characteristics of drones and birds.

[0047] In some embodiments, the servo motor system includes a motor body disposed inside the radome 1 for driving the rotation and adjustment of the transmitting and receiving antenna 31; a driving device connected to the motor body for controlling the rotation speed and direction of the servo motor; and a feedback sensor connected to the servo motor for monitoring the actual angle of the transmitting and receiving antenna 31 and feeding it back to the control system. The radar power supply box is an important component in the radar system, and its main function is to provide stable and reliable power supply for the radar equipment.

[0048] The working process of the radar will be described in detail below.

[0049] As Figure 10 shown, first, the system is started and initialized. When the ELVIRA radar system starts, the radar power supply box provides stable power support for the entire radar system. The power supply box ensures that each component of the radar (such as the transmitter, receiver, antenna, etc.) obtains the necessary voltage and current, and at the same time has overvoltage and overcurrent protection functions. After the system is powered on, the servo motor system starts to operate, adjusts the scanning angle of the antenna, and ensures the normal startup of the radar 100.

[0050] Once the system initialization is completed, the transmitter starts to generate microwave signals. The local oscillator circuit of the transmitter generates a highly stable low-frequency oscillation signal, which is raised to the microwave frequency band of 9250 ± 30 MHz through the frequency multiplication circuit. The modulator modulates these signals into frequency-modulated continuous wave frequencies, and then the power amplifier amplifies them and transmits them to the specified airspace through the transmitting antenna. The hollow cone structure of the transmitting and receiving antenna 31 helps to optimize the signal transmission effect and ensure that the signal covers the entire detection area.

[0051] The emitted electromagnetic wave propagates in the air. When it encounters a target (such as a drone or a bird), the signal will be reflected. The reflected electromagnetic wave carries the distance information and characteristic information of the target and returns to the radar system. The transmitting and receiving antenna receives these reflected signals through its unique hollow cone structure, ensuring the effective reception and clarity of the signals.

[0052] The received reflected signal is sent to the receiver through the receiving antenna. The limiter in the receiver first processes the signal to ensure that the signal intensity is within an appropriate range. Then, the mixer circuit converts the signal into an intermediate frequency signal, the intermediate frequency amplifier circuit amplifies the intermediate frequency signal, and the detector circuit extracts the signal components. After these steps, the signal processing sampler converts the signal into a digital signal, and the data processing circuit further analyzes these digital signals to extract the distance and micro-Doppler characteristics of the target.

[0053] The radar system uses the extracted micro-Doppler characteristics for target recognition. By comparing the micro-Doppler characteristics of the target with the known characteristics of drones, the system can accurately identify whether the target is a drone. The system also has an efficient bird false alarm suppression function, which can effectively reduce false alarms.

[0054] The identified target information (including the specific location, category, etc. of the target) will be stored and can be directly shared with other systems or applications. The radar system can trigger an alarm to alert the operator of the presence of a drone and perform storage, recording, and further analysis and processing as needed. The data and alarm information are usually displayed on a workstation, and a user operation interface is provided for easy management and monitoring.

[0055] The ELVIRA radar system is designed with strong environmental adaptability and can operate normally under various weather conditions. The system has a protective structure and a dehumidifier to ensure reliable operation under high humidity and extreme temperature conditions. The design of the radar takes into account the flexibility of installation and can adapt to different environmental and structural requirements.

[0056] Through the above steps, the ELVIRA radar system can achieve efficient drone detection and provide reliable monitoring and early warning functions in complex environments.

[0057] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above", "over", "on the upper surface", "upper" etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship of one device or feature to other devices or features as shown in the figures. It should be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figure is inverted, the device described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures will then be positioned "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both the orientations of "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the corresponding explanations are made for the spatial relative descriptions used here.

[0058] In addition, it should be noted that the use of words such as "first", "second", etc. to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. Without further statement, the above words have no special meaning, so they cannot be construed as limiting the protection scope of this application.

[0059] The above are only the preferred embodiments of this application and are not used to limit this application. For those skilled in the art, this application can have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this application shall be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A monitoring radar for automatically identifying and distinguishing drones and birds, comprising: A radome, a flange base, the main body inside the radar, a dehumidifier, a radar power supply box, and a servo motor system. Among them, the main body inside the radar includes a transmitting and receiving unit and a transmitting and receiving antenna. It is characterized in that, The transmitting and receiving antenna includes a transmitter antenna and a receiver antenna. Both the transmitter antenna and the receiver antenna are hollow cone structures. The cross-section of the cone structure is rectangular, and the cross-section gradually increases along the axis direction of the transmitting and receiving antenna from the bottom to the opening end of the transmitting and receiving antenna.

2. The radar according to claim 1, characterized in that The transmitting and receiving unit includes a receiver. The receiver includes: a limiter, a mixing circuit, an intermediate frequency amplifier circuit, a detection circuit, a signal processing sampler, and a data processing circuit. Among them, the intermediate frequency amplifier circuit is connected to the mixing circuit and is used to amplify the radar echo signal output by the mixing circuit; The detection circuit, which is connected to the intermediate frequency amplifier circuit, is used to extract signal components from the radar echo signal. The radar echo signal carries the characteristic information of the target.

3. The radar according to claim 1, wherein, The flange base includes: A base main body, made of metal or composite material, having a circular or polygonal structure, and provided with an anti-slip pad at the bottom; A connecting support rod, vertically connected to the base main body, used to support the main body inside the radar. The support rod has a telescopic mechanism for adjusting the height of the support rod; A fixing device, arranged on the upper part of the support rod, and connected to the main body inside the radar through bolts or a locking mechanism.

4. The radar according to claim 3, characterized in that, The flange base further includes an angle adjustment component. The angle adjustment component includes: A rotating disk, installed on the top of the support rod, enabling the radar to rotate 360 degrees on a horizontal plane; A horizontal adjustment device, arranged between the rotating disk and the main body inside the radar, used to adjust the horizontal angle of the radar; A vertical adjustment device, arranged between the rotating disk and the main body inside the radar, used to adjust the pitch angle of the radar.

5. The radar according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotating disk includes: A rotating shaft, installed on the top of the connecting support rod, and realizing the rotation function through an electric driving device; A rotating disk body, fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, used to keep the main body inside the radar balanced during the rotation process.

6. The radar according to claim 1, wherein The material of the cone structure of the transmitting and receiving antenna is a material with a dielectric constant greater than a preset dielectric constant threshold.

7. The radar according to claim 2, wherein The radome includes: An outer cover shell, made of weather-resistant material; An inner lining layer, arranged inside the outer cover shell, forming an isolation layer with the outer cover shell, used to absorb and reduce the external interference of the radar echo signal.

8. The radar according to claim 1, characterized in that, The servo motor system includes: A motor main body, arranged inside the radome, used to drive the rotation and adjustment of the transmitting and receiving antenna; A driving device, connected to the motor main body, used to control the rotation speed and direction of the servo motor; A feedback sensor, connected to the servo motor, used to monitor the actual angle of the transmitting and receiving antenna and feedback it to the control system.

9. The radar according to claim 3, wherein The connecting support rod is provided with an internal channel for arranging cable lines.

10. The radar according to claim 3, characterized in that, The locking mechanism realizes the fixation and disassembly with the main body inside the radar through bolts or a quick release device.

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