Pesticide spraying device for grapes

Abstract

The utility model discloses a grape pesticide spraying device, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, the grape pesticide spraying device comprises a frame body and a pesticide spraying mechanism, a pesticide box is arranged on the frame body, and a bearing frame is vertically arranged on the frame body; the pesticide spraying mechanism comprises an upper-layer pesticide spraying assembly, a middle pesticide spraying assembly and a bottom-layer pesticide spraying assembly, one end of the upper-layer pesticide spraying assembly is arranged at the upper end of the bearing frame, and the upper-layer pesticide spraying assembly can move horizontally; the middle pesticide spraying assembly is arranged on the bearing frame and can horizontally move; one end of the bottom-layer pesticide spraying assembly is hinged to the upper surface of the pesticide box, the bottom-layer pesticide spraying assembly can rotate along the hinged position, and full coverage of pesticide liquid on grape leaves (the front face and the back face) can be achieved; the middle pesticide spraying assembly can also spray pesticide to the back faces of the upper grape leaves and the front faces of the lower grape leaves, and missing areas in the pesticide spraying process are avoided; any one of the upper-layer pesticide spraying assembly, the middle pesticide spraying assembly and the bottom-layer pesticide spraying assembly can spray pesticide independently, and the applicability is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a grape spraying device. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, the nozzles of pesticide sprayers and devices are fixed in position, making it impossible to spray pesticides on the top and bottom of the grape vines. In addition, the pesticides are easily blocked by the leaves, resulting in uneven spraying. In other words, during the spraying process, the pesticides can only be sprayed on the upper part of the grape leaves, but not on the lower part of the grape leaves. In addition, during the spraying process, the coverage area of the pesticide sprayed by the nozzle is fixed, which easily makes it impossible for the top and bottom of the grape vines to be sprayed with the pesticide. At the same time, due to the growth characteristics of grape leaves, during the spraying process, for two grape leaves close to each other, due to leaf blockage, the lower grape leaf close to the grape stem (i.e., the inward part) will not be sprayed with the pesticide.

[0003] For example, the Chinese invention patent with application number "CN202222075235.X" discloses a device for spraying pesticides for grapevines, including a main body of the device, a water tank is provided inside a carriage on the main body of the device, spray mechanism mounting grooves are symmetrically provided on both sides of the carriage, a spray mechanism is provided inside the spray mechanism mounting groove, a main rod is provided on the spray mechanism, a limit block is provided on the lower half of the outer portion of the main rod, an upper spray head mechanism, a middle spray head mechanism, and a lower spray head mechanism are provided in the matching mounting groove inside the main rod, a drainage pipe mounting groove on one side of the matching mounting groove inside the main rod is connected to the mounting groove, one end of the drainage pipe is connected to the water tank, and the other end of the drainage pipe is connected to the spray head, the spray heads on the upper spray head mechanism, the middle spray head mechanism, and the lower spray head mechanism are all movably connected to the connecting rod by a connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is movably connected to the rocker arm on the rotating shaft of the steering motor. The width and narrowness of the grape vine spraying device can be adjusted according to the requirements of the spraying.

[0004] According to the above patent Figure 2 It can be seen that a multi-layer spraying mechanism can be set up to spray pesticides on grape leaves, but it ignores whether the drugs are sprayed on the back of the grape leaves; and during the fruit-setting period of grapes, the spraying mechanism will touch the grape fruits, resulting in the inability of the grape fruits to grow naturally. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a grape spraying device that can spray pesticides on grape leaves in all directions to avoid the problem of uneven drug spraying.

[0006] The solution to the technical problem described in this application is:

[0007] A grape pesticide spraying device, comprising:

[0008] A frame, wherein a medicine box is provided on the frame for storing liquid medicine, and a load-bearing frame is vertically provided on the frame;

[0009] The spraying mechanism includes an upper spraying assembly, a middle spraying assembly and a bottom spraying assembly. One end of the upper spraying assembly is arranged on the upper end of the load-bearing frame, and the upper spraying assembly can move horizontally, and is used to spray the upper end of the grape plant; the middle spraying assembly is arranged on the load-bearing frame, and the middle spraying assembly can move horizontally, and is used to spray the side of the grape plant; one end of the bottom spraying assembly is hinged to the upper surface of the medicine box, and the bottom spraying assembly can rotate along the hinge to adjust the spraying direction of the medicine liquid of the bottom spraying mechanism, and is used to spray the lower end of the grape plant.

[0010] Preferably, the upper spraying assembly includes a first telescopic rod and a first spray component, the two ends of the first telescopic rod are respectively connected to the load-bearing frame and the first spray component, and the first telescopic rod drives the first spray component to move closer to or away from the load-bearing frame, the first spray component is connected to the medicine box through a medicine tube, and a plurality of nozzles are provided on the first spray component, and the nozzles are arranged facing the ground.

[0011] Preferably, the intermediate spraying assembly includes a second telescopic rod and a second spray part, the two ends of the second telescopic rod are respectively connected to the load-bearing frame and the second spray part, and the second telescopic rod drives the second spray part to move closer to or away from the load-bearing frame, the second spray part is arranged below the first spray part, the second spray part is connected to the medicine box through a medicine tube, and a plurality of nozzles are provided on the second spray part, and the nozzles are arranged toward the side of the grape plant.

[0012] Preferably, an extension piece is provided at the end of the second spraying member to increase the length of the second spraying member and the spraying area of the liquid medicine.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom spraying assembly includes a third spray member and a hinged rod, the third spray member is arranged below the second spray member, and a plurality of nozzles are provided on the third spray member, and the two ends of the third spray member away from the nozzle are respectively provided with a first hinge and a second hinge, the first hinge is hinged to the upper surface of the medicine box, the second hinge is hinged to one end of the hinged rod, and the other end of the hinged rod is hinged to the lower end of the load-bearing frame, and the hinged rod drives the third spray member to change the direction of spraying the liquid.

[0014] Preferably, a limiting member is provided on the load-bearing frame, and the limiting member is in limited cooperation with the hinge rod.

[0015] Preferably, a guide plate is provided on the edge of the medicine box, and a liquid inlet is provided on the upper surface of the medicine box.

[0016] Preferably, the upper spraying assembly, the middle spraying assembly and the bottom spraying assembly are all arranged in a pair, and are symmetrically arranged on the load-bearing frame and face the grape plants on both sides.

[0017] This application adopts a technical solution for grape leaves to achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The upper spraying assembly is used to spray pesticides on the upper part of the grape plant and the front of the upper grape leaves; the middle spraying assembly is used to spray pesticides on the middle area of the grape plant (including the front and back of the grape leaves); and the bottom spraying assembly is used to spray pesticides on the back of the grape leaves below the grape plant, so that the grape leaves (front and back) are fully covered by the pesticide liquid.

[0019] The middle spraying component can also spray the back of the upper grape leaves and the front of the lower grape leaves, avoiding missing areas during the spraying process.

[0020] Any one of the upper spraying component, the middle spraying component and the bottom spraying component can spray pesticides independently, and has high applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the grape spraying device in this application.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a connection diagram of the third spray piece.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the medicine box.

[0024] In the figure: frame 10, medicine box 101, guide plate 1011, liquid inlet 1012, load-bearing frame 102, limiter 1021, spraying mechanism 20, upper spraying assembly 201, first telescopic rod 2011, first spraying element 2012, middle spraying assembly 202, second telescopic rod 2021, second spraying element 2022, extension element 2023, bottom spraying assembly 203, third spraying element 2031, hinged rod 2032, first hinged element 2033, second hinged element 2034, spray head 204. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be given below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0026] Please see Figures 1 to 3, a grape spraying device, comprising:

[0027] A frame 10 is provided with a medicine box 101 for storing liquid medicine, and a load-bearing frame 102 is vertically provided on the frame 10;

[0028] The spraying mechanism 20 includes an upper spraying component 201, an intermediate spraying component 202 and a bottom spraying component 203. One end of the upper spraying component 201 is arranged on the upper end of the load-bearing frame 102, and the upper spraying component 201 can move horizontally, and is used to spray the upper end of the grape plant; the intermediate spraying component 202 is arranged on the load-bearing frame 102, and the intermediate spraying component 202 can move horizontally, and is used to spray the side of the grape plant; one end of the bottom spraying component 203 is hinged to the upper surface of the medicine box 101, and the bottom spraying component 203 can rotate along the hinge to adjust the spraying direction of the liquid of the bottom spraying mechanism 20, which is used to spray the lower end of the grape plant.

[0029] During setting, it is necessary to set a roller on the lower end surface of the frame 10 (the connection method between the roller and the frame 10 can be selected in a conventional way), and the roller can drive the frame 10 to move. The driving force for the movement of the frame 10 comes from manpower, and a diesel engine can also be set or it can be driven by a tractor.

[0030] The medicine box 101 is arranged on the upper end surface of the frame 10, and a pressure pump is provided on the medicine box 101, or other pressure devices are provided on the medicine box 101. The pressure pump can make the liquid medicine in the medicine box 101 spray out from the upper spraying component 201, the middle spraying component 202 and the bottom spraying component 203, so as to avoid the liquid medicine being unable to be sprayed out from the upper spraying component 201, the middle spraying component 202 and the bottom spraying component 203 due to insufficient pressure.

[0031] The upper spraying assembly 201, the middle spraying assembly 202 and the bottom spraying assembly 203 are arranged downward in sequence along the height direction of the load-bearing frame 102. The upper spraying assembly 201 is arranged at the upper end (the highest point) of the load-bearing frame 102 and is used to spray medicine on the upper layer of the grape plants and the front of the grape leaves. When set, the height of the upper spraying assembly 201 is higher than the height of the grape plants to prevent the upper spraying assembly 201 from scraping the grape plants during the movement of the frame 10.

[0032] The middle spraying component 202 is arranged in the middle area of the load-bearing frame 102 (the setting direction of the middle spraying component 202 is perpendicular to the ground), which can be understood as being arranged at the middle point of the load-bearing frame 102 (the middle point in the length direction). At this time, the middle spraying component 202 is used to spray pesticides in the middle area of the grape plants (in the height direction). When spraying pesticides, the liquid medicine is sprayed onto the grape plants in a direction perpendicular to the grape plants, and the leaves in the middle of the grape plants (front and back) are sprayed with the liquid medicine.

[0033] The bottom spraying assembly 203 is hinged to the upper surface of the medicine box 101. In a specific setting, one end of the bottom spraying assembly 203 is hinged to the upper surface of the medicine box 101, and the other end can be connected to the lower end of the load-bearing frame 102 through a connecting rod. It should be clarified that both ends of the connecting rod are hinged to the other end of the bottom spraying assembly 203 and the lower end of the load-bearing frame 102, and the bottom spraying assembly 203 is tilted on the medicine box 101, and the spraying direction of the medicine liquid of the bottom spraying assembly 203 is aimed at the grape plants, to be precise, at the back of the grape leaves; when spraying medicine, the tilt direction of the bottom spraying assembly 203 can be adjusted according to the distance between the bottom spraying assembly 203 and the grape plants. When the distance is far, the angle between the bottom spraying assembly 203 and the medicine box 101 is reduced; when the distance is close, the angle between the bottom spraying assembly 203 and the medicine box 101 is increased.

[0034] Instructions for use: The upper spraying assembly 201, the middle spraying assembly 202 and the bottom spraying assembly 203 are all connected to the medicine box 101 through medicine pipes. During installation, in order to allow the liquid medicine in the medicine box 101 to be sprayed out from the upper spraying assembly 201, the middle spraying assembly 202 and the bottom spraying assembly 203, a pressure pump can be provided on the medicine box 101 to press out the liquid under the action of air pressure (it can be understood that the air pressure in the medicine box 101 is greater than the atmospheric pressure, and the medicine is pressed out); when spraying medicine, the grape spraying device can achieve spraying of the entire grape plant (the front and back of the leaves).

[0035] This application adopts a technical solution of a grape spraying device to achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0036] The upper spraying assembly 201 is used to spray the upper part of the grape plant and the front of the upper grape leaves; the middle spraying assembly 202 is used to spray the middle area of the grape plant (including the front and back of the grape leaves); the bottom spraying assembly 203 is used to spray the back of the grape leaves below the grape plant, so that the grape leaves (front and back) are fully covered by the pesticide liquid.

[0037] The middle spraying assembly 202 can also spray the back of the upper grape leaves and the front of the lower grape leaves, so as to avoid missing areas during the spraying process as much as possible.

[0038] Any one of the upper spraying component 201 , the middle spraying component 202 and the bottom spraying component 203 can spray pesticides independently, and has high applicability.

[0039] Furthermore, the upper spraying assembly 201 includes a first telescopic rod 2011 and a first spray component 2012. The two ends of the first telescopic rod 2011 are respectively connected to the load-bearing frame 102 and the first spray component 2012, and the first telescopic rod 2011 drives the first spray component 2012 to move closer to or away from the load-bearing frame 102. The first spray component 2012 is connected to the medicine box 101 through a medicine tube, and a plurality of nozzles 204 are provided on the first spray component 2012, and the nozzles 204 are set towards the ground.

[0040] In order to improve the applicability of the upper spraying assembly 201, a first telescopic rod 2011 is provided. The length of the first telescopic rod 2011 is adjusted according to the distance between the first telescopic rod 2011 and the grape plant, so that the first spraying member 2012 is located above the grape plant (the above means that the first spraying member 2012 can cover or spray half of the grape plant); the first telescopic rod 2011 can include an outer tube and an inner tube when provided, and the inner tube can move within the outer tube to increase or shorten the length of the first telescopic rod 2011. At this time, the length of the first telescopic rod 2011 depends on the length of the overlapping area between the outer tube and the inner tube. If the overlapping area is long, the first telescopic rod 2011 is shorter. If the overlapping area is short, the first telescopic rod 2011 is shorter. 11 is longer, and in order to fix the length of the first telescopic rod 2011, holes can be opened on the outer tube and the inner tube. When the length of the first telescopic rod 2011 is adjusted appropriately, a pin is inserted into the opening to fix the length of the first telescopic rod 2011; at the same time, the first spraying member 2012 is fixedly connected to the first telescopic rod 2011, and the nozzle 204 on the first spraying member 2012 is set downward, that is, the spraying direction of the liquid medicine is downward, and when set, the first spraying member 2012 is set parallel to the first telescopic rod 2011. In order to ensure the firmness of the first spraying member 2012, the end of the first telescopic rod 2011 can be connected to the middle (length direction) of the first spraying member 2012.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, the intermediate spraying assembly 202 includes a second telescopic rod 2021 and a second spray component 2022, the two ends of the second telescopic rod 2021 are respectively connected to the load-bearing frame 102 and the second spray component 2022, and the second telescopic rod 2021 drives the second spray component 2022 to move closer to or away from the load-bearing frame 102, the second spray component 2022 is arranged below the first spray component 2012, the second spray component 2022 is connected to the medicine box 101 through a medicine tube, and a plurality of nozzles 204 are provided on the second spray component 2022, and the nozzles 204 are arranged toward the side of the grape plants.

[0042] The structure of the second telescopic rod 2021 is identical to that of the first telescopic rod 2011 and will not be further described. However, it should be noted that one end of the second telescopic rod 2021 is vertically connected to the load-bearing frame 102, and the second spray element 2022 is also vertically connected to the other end of the second telescopic rod 2021. The second spray element 2022 is positioned perpendicular to the ground, spraying liquid parallel to the ground. During use, the distance between the second spray element 2022 and the grape plants can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the second telescopic rod 2021.

[0043] Preferably, an extension piece 2023 is provided at the end of the second spraying piece 2022 to increase the length of the second spraying piece 2022 and the spraying area of the liquid medicine.

[0044] In some special cases, when the grape plants are tall, the second spraying element 2022 needs to spray a larger area (vertical length). In this case, an extension piece 2023 is installed at the end of the second spraying element 2022. The extension piece 2023 is installed in the same direction as the second spraying element 2022, and the direction of the liquid medicine spraying is also the same as that of the second spraying element 2022. The function of the extension piece 2023 is to connect to the second spraying element 2022 as an accessory to increase the spraying area of the liquid medicine.

[0045] The extending member 2023 is arranged at the end of the second spraying member 2022 . When arranged, the extending member 2023 includes a one-way valve and an interface. The interface is used to connect to another spraying member to increase the spraying area of the intermediate spraying assembly 202 .

[0046] In another specific embodiment, the bottom spraying assembly 203 includes a third spray part 2031 and a hinged rod 2032, the third spray part 2031 is arranged below the second spray part 2022, and a plurality of nozzles 204 are provided on the third spray part 2031, and the two ends of the third spray part 2031 away from the nozzle 204 are respectively provided with a first hinge part 2033 and a second hinge part 2034, the first hinge part 2033 is hinged to the upper surface of the medicine box 101, the second hinge part 2034 is hinged to one end of the hinged rod 2032, and the other end of the hinged rod 2032 is hinged to the lower end of the load-bearing frame 102, and the hinged rod 2032 drives the third spray part 2031 to change the direction of spraying the liquid.

[0047] When the tilt angle of the third spray element 2031 needs to be adjusted, the tilt angle of the hinged rod 2032 (the length remains unchanged) can be adjusted to meet different spraying requirements. During installation, the first hinged member 2033 and the second hinged member 2034 are respectively provided at the ends of the third spray element 2031 (the back), and the ends of the hinged rod 2032 are respectively hinged to the second hinged member 2034 and the lower end of the support frame 102 (the connection between the lower end of the support frame and the medicine box 101). In other words, the hinged rod 2032 can rotate along the lower end of the support frame 102, thereby driving the tilt angle of the third spray element 2031 to change. When the hinged rod 2032 is close to the load-bearing frame 102, the angle between the third spray component 2031 and the medicine box 101 becomes smaller; when the hinged rod 2032 is away from the load-bearing frame 102, the angle between the third spray component 2031 and the medicine box 101 becomes larger; and when set, the first spray component 2012, the second spray component 2022 and the third spray component 2031 have the same shape, and are all rectangular spraying platforms on which a plurality of nozzles 204 (for spraying medicine) are set.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, a limiting member 1021 is provided on the load-bearing frame 102 , and the limiting member 1021 is engaged with the hinge rod 2032 in a limiting manner.

[0049] In order to prevent the hinge rod 2032 from rotating, the limiting member 1021 is provided. After the inclination angle of the third spraying member 2031 is adjusted appropriately, the limiting member 1021 is placed on the hinge rod 2032 and the load-bearing frame 102, and the working length of the limiting member 1021 is equal to the distance between the load-bearing frame and the hinge rod 2032. It should be noted that the limiting member 1021 does not undergo elastic deformation and can be a support rod or a buckle.

[0050] During installation, the first hinge 2033 and the second hinge 2034 are both arc-shaped grooves. Two arc-shaped blocks are provided on the upper surface of the medicine box 101. The hinge rod 2032 has one end formed as an arc-shaped block and the other end as an arc-shaped groove. During installation, the first hinge 2033 and the second hinge 2034 (arc-shaped grooves) respectively engage with the arc-shaped block on the surface of the medicine box 101 and the arc-shaped block at the end of the hinge rod 2032. The arc-shaped groove at the other end of the hinge rod 2032 is hingedly connected to another arc-shaped block on the surface of the medicine box 101, thereby adjusting the angle of the third spray element 2031.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, a guide plate 1011 is provided on the edge of the medicine box 101 , and a liquid inlet 1012 is provided on the upper surface of the medicine box 101 .

[0052] Part of the liquid medicine sprayed from the first spray part 2012 and the second spray part 2022 will fall to the ground along the grape leaves under the action of gravity. In order to collect the liquid medicine, a guide plate 1011 is set at the edge of the medicine box 101, and the guide plate 1011 is tilted on the medicine box 101. It can be understood that the guide plate 1011 is opened outward to increase the area for collecting the liquid medicine. At this time, the liquid medicine that would originally fall on the ground will fall into the area formed by the guide plate 1011, and then flow back into the medicine box 101 from the liquid inlet 1012, thereby realizing the recycling of the liquid medicine and avoiding waste of the liquid medicine; and the guide plate 1011 with a lower height is set below the third spray part 2031 to avoid the third spray part 2031 colliding with the guide plate 1011 when the tilt angle of the third spray part 2031 is changed.

[0053] In another preferred embodiment, the upper spraying assembly 201, the middle spraying assembly 202 and the bottom spraying assembly 203 are all arranged in a pair and symmetrically arranged on the load-bearing frame 102 and facing the grape plants on both sides.

[0054] Grapes are planted in rows, and the upper spraying assembly 201, the middle spraying assembly 202 and the bottom spraying assembly 203 are symmetrically arranged. During the spraying process, the grape spraying device moves between the rows. At this time, the grape plants on the left and right sides of the grape spraying device can be sprayed simultaneously, thereby improving the spraying efficiency.

[0055] The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it is certainly not intended to limit the scope of the rights of the present application. A person skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiments and equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of the present application are still within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A grape spraying device, characterized in that: include: A frame, wherein a medicine box is provided on the frame for storing liquid medicine, and a load-bearing frame is vertically provided on the frame; The spraying mechanism includes an upper spraying assembly, a middle spraying assembly and a bottom spraying assembly. One end of the upper spraying assembly is arranged on the upper end of the load-bearing frame, and the upper spraying assembly can move horizontally, and is used to spray the upper end of the grape plant; the middle spraying assembly is arranged on the load-bearing frame, and the middle spraying assembly can move horizontally, and is used to spray the side of the grape plant; one end of the bottom spraying assembly is hinged to the upper surface of the medicine box, and the bottom spraying assembly can rotate along the hinge to adjust the spraying direction of the medicine liquid of the bottom spraying assembly, and is used to spray the lower end of the grape plant.

2. The grape spraying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper spraying assembly includes a first telescopic rod and a first spraying component. The two ends of the first telescopic rod are respectively connected to the load-bearing frame and the first spraying component, and the first telescopic rod drives the first spraying component to move closer to or away from the load-bearing frame. The first spraying component is connected to the medicine box through a medicine tube, and a plurality of nozzles are provided on the first spraying component, and the nozzles are arranged facing the ground.

3. The grape spraying device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intermediate spraying assembly includes a second telescopic rod and a second spray part. The two ends of the second telescopic rod are respectively connected to the load-bearing frame and the second spray part, and the second telescopic rod drives the second spray part to move closer to or away from the load-bearing frame. The second spray part is arranged below the first spray part. The second spray part is connected to the medicine box through a medicine pipe, and a plurality of nozzles are provided on the second spray part, and the nozzles are arranged toward the sides of the grape plants.

4. The grape spraying device according to claim 3, characterized in that: An extension piece is provided at the end of the second spray piece, which is used to increase the length of the second spray piece and the spraying area of the liquid medicine.

5. The grape spraying device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom spraying assembly includes a third spray part and a hinged rod. The third spray part is arranged below the second spray part, and a plurality of nozzles are provided on the third spray part. The two ends of the third spray part away from the nozzle are respectively provided with a first hinge part and a second hinge part. The first hinge part is hinged to the upper surface of the medicine box, the second hinge part is hinged to one end of the hinged rod, and the other end of the hinged rod is hinged to the lower end of the load-bearing frame. The hinged rod drives the third spray part to change the direction of spraying the liquid.

6. The grape spraying device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A limiting member is provided on the load-bearing frame, and the limiting member is in limited cooperation with the hinge rod.

7. The grape spraying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide plate is provided on the edge of the medicine box, and a liquid inlet is provided on the upper surface of the medicine box.

8. The grape spraying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper spraying assembly, the middle spraying assembly and the bottom spraying assembly are all arranged in a pair and are symmetrically arranged on the load-bearing frame and face the grape plants on both sides.

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