Cable force control device for stay cable of large-span cable-stayed bridge

Abstract

The utility model discloses a large-span cable-stayed bridge stay cable force control device which comprises a traction oil cylinder, stay cable tightening mechanisms are respectively installed on an oil cylinder body and an oil cylinder rod of the traction oil cylinder, a stay cable retracting and releasing mechanism is installed on the oil cylinder body and located between the two stay cable tightening mechanisms, and a stay cable penetrates through the two stay cable tightening mechanisms. The stay cable tightening mechanisms tighten the corresponding portions of the stay cable, the portion, located between the two stay cable tightening mechanisms, of the stay cable is wound around the stay cable winding and unwinding mechanism, and a tension sensor is installed on the oil cylinder rod. According to the utility model, a large amount of manpower and time are not consumed, and the stability of cable force can be controlled by automatically adjusting the length of the stay cable, so that the accurate control on the stability of a bridge is realized, the adaptive capacity of the bridge to environmental change is improved, the stress uniformity is ensured, the deformation of the bridge is effectively controlled, and the service life of the bridge is prolonged; and the maintenance cost is reduced. The large-span cable-stayed bridge is suitable for the technical field of large-span cable-stayed bridge control and adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of adjustment of a large-span cable-stayed bridge, and in particular relates to a cable force control device for a large-span cable-stayed bridge. Background Art

[0002] In modern bridge engineering, long-span cable-stayed bridges have become a symbol of technological prowess and architectural grandeur. The design and construction requirements for long-span cable-stayed bridges are more stringent and complex than those for conventional cable-stayed bridges. This difference is particularly evident in the design of the cable-stays, which are key load-bearing components of cable-stayed bridges. The uniformity and accuracy of their cable forces are crucial to the bridge's stability and safety. However, this structural complexity requires a sophisticated system to monitor and control cable forces to ensure the safety and stability of the bridge and the trains operating on it. Due to the high flexibility of long-span cable-stayed bridges, they are extremely sensitive to environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations, which can cause changes in cable force and, in turn, affect the bridge's stability and safety. Furthermore, when subjected to dynamic loads such as trains, bridge deformation must be effectively controlled to ensure structural stability and train safety. Traditional cable-stay tension adjustment methods rely on manual inspection and adjustment, which is not only inefficient but also difficult to achieve precise control. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The utility model is proposed to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and its purpose is to provide a cable force control device for a long-span cable-stayed bridge.

[0004] The technical solution of the utility model is: a cable force control device for a large-span cable-stayed bridge, comprising a pulling cylinder arranged parallel to the cable, a cable tightening mechanism being respectively installed on the cylinder body and the cylinder rod of the pulling cylinder, a cable retracting mechanism being installed on the cylinder body and between the two cable tightening mechanisms, the cable passing through the two cable tightening mechanisms, each cable tightening mechanism being tightened at a corresponding portion of the cable, and the portion of the cable located between the two cable tightening mechanisms being reeled into the cable retracting mechanism, and a tension sensor being installed on the cylinder rod.

[0005] Furthermore, the cable tightening mechanism includes two tightening half sleeves pivotally connected to each other through a pivot axis, and a cable tightening opening is formed between the two tightening half sleeves. One of the two tightening half sleeves is fixedly connected to the cylinder body or the cylinder rod, and the two tightening half sleeves are connected by at least one hydraulic puller on the side away from the pivot axis. The two tightening half sleeves are buckled together to form a complete tightening sleeve.

[0006] Furthermore, two spiral assembly grooves are opened on the inner wall of the tightening sleeve, each spiral assembly groove extends spirally along the axis of the tightening sleeve to the two ends of the tightening sleeve, and the rotation directions of the two spiral assembly grooves are opposite and staggered with each other, and a wear strip is fixed in the two spiral assembly grooves.

[0007] Furthermore, a plurality of first connecting ears are constructed on the tightening half sleeve fixedly connected to the cylinder body or the cylinder rod, and the first connecting ears are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the tightening sleeve, and the cylinder body or the cylinder rod is constructed with second connecting ears with the same number as the first connecting ears, and the first connecting ears are fixedly connected to the corresponding second connecting ears.

[0008] Furthermore, the two tightening half sleeves are respectively provided with a plurality of first assembly ears and a plurality of second assembly ears, the first assembly ears and the second assembly ears are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, the number of the hydraulic pullers is the same as the number of the first assembly ears, and the hydraulic pullers are connected between the corresponding first assembly ears and the second assembly ears.

[0009] Furthermore, the hydraulic puller includes a hydraulic pipe, a driving rod and a connecting spring. One end of the hydraulic pipe is connected to the second assembly ear, and the end of the driving rod away from the hydraulic pipe is hinged to the first assembly ear through a hinge shaft. The other end of the driving rod extends into the hydraulic pipe, one end of the connecting spring is fixed in the hydraulic pipe, and the other end of the connecting spring is fixedly connected to the end of the driving rod extending into the hydraulic pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, an assembly notch is provided at one end of each first assembly ear close to the second assembly ear, a connecting block is detachably assembled at the assembly notch, and the hinge shaft is rotatably assembled in the assembly notch.

[0011] Furthermore, the cable retraction and release mechanism includes an assembly seat fixedly mounted on the cylinder body, a retraction and release frame is rotatably mounted on the assembly seat, a power motor or hydraulic motor is installed on one side of the assembly seat, and the output shaft of the power motor or hydraulic motor is connected to one side of the retraction and release frame.

[0012] Furthermore, the retractable rack includes a first shaft and a second shaft that are coaxial and oppositely arranged, a cable guide opening is formed between the first shaft and the second shaft, and the first shaft and the second shaft are respectively rotatably connected to the assembly seat through bearings, the inclined cable passes through the cable guide opening and is reeled up outside the first shaft and the second shaft, and a limiting disk is respectively constructed at one end of the two bearings that are close to each other.

[0013] Furthermore, the second shaft is movably inserted into the corresponding bearing and extends toward the first shaft, a second fixing ear is constructed at one end of the second shaft away from the first shaft, and a first fixing ear is constructed at one end of the inner sleeve of the corresponding bearing, and the first fixing ear and the second fixing ear are connected and fixed by connecting bolts.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0015] The utility model fixes the cylinder body and the cylinder rod of the pulling cylinder to the inclined cable through two cable tightening mechanisms. When the bridge is subjected to stress and / or the inclined cable is affected by factors such as wind, the tension monitored by the tension sensor on the cylinder rod changes. In this way, the inclined cable will be tensioned or relaxed to a certain extent, thereby controlling the action of the pulling cylinder, so that the portion of the inclined cable located between the two cable tightening mechanisms is gradually released or tightened, thereby making the force on the inclined cable reach a predetermined range.

[0016] The utility model adjusts the fixing position of the cylinder rod or the cylinder body and the oblique cable by releasing the tightening of one of the cable retracting and releasing mechanisms on the oblique cable, that is, after releasing the tightening of the oblique cable by one of the cable retracting and releasing mechanisms, the pulling cylinder is controlled to move so that the end of the cylinder rod or the cylinder body undergoes a certain displacement. When the predetermined position is reached, the cable retracting and releasing mechanism is tightened on the oblique cable, thereby achieving the fixation of the pulling cylinder and the oblique cable.

[0017] The utility model can effectively improve the operation efficiency, safety and durability of long-span cable-stayed bridges without consuming a lot of manpower and time. It can automatically adjust the length of the inclined cable to control the stability of the cable force, thereby achieving precise control of the stability of the bridge, improving the adaptability of the bridge to environmental changes, ensuring the uniformity of force, effectively controlling the deformation of the bridge, extending the service life of the bridge, and reducing maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in which two cable tightening mechanisms are both in a buckled state;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in which both cable tightening mechanisms are in an open state;

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of the structure of part A in the middle;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the connection between the cable tightening mechanism and the cylinder rod in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydraulic puller after disassembly according to the embodiment of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the cable retracting and releasing mechanism of an embodiment of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a structural front view of the cable retracting and releasing mechanism of an embodiment of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the partially disassembled structure of the cable retracting and extending mechanism of an embodiment of the utility model.

[0026] Among them, 100-cylinder body, 200-cylinder rod, 201-second connecting ear, 300-cable tightening mechanism, 301-tightening half set, 302-spiral assembly groove, 303-first assembly ear, 304-connecting block, 305-assembly notch, 306-fixing hole, 307-second assembly ear, 308-first connecting ear, 400-cable retracting and releasing mechanism, 401-assembly seat, 402-bearing, 403-first fixing ear, 404-limiting plate, 405-first shaft, 406-second fixing ear, 407-second shaft, 408-guide rope mouth, 409-hydraulic motor, 500-tension sensor, 600-hydraulic puller, 601-hydraulic pipe, 602-connecting flange, 603-drive rod, 604-connecting spring, 605-hinge shaft, 606-inlet and outlet branch pipe, 607-inlet and outlet main pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0028] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the utility model discloses a cable force control device for a long-span cable-stayed bridge, which includes a pulling cylinder, a cable retracting and releasing mechanism 400 and two cable tightening mechanisms 300.

[0029] Among them, the pulling cylinder is arranged parallel to the inclined cable, and the two cable tensioning mechanisms 300 are respectively installed on the cylinder body 100 and the cylinder rod 200 of the pulling cylinder, and the cable retracting mechanism 400 is installed on the cylinder body 100, and the cable retracting mechanism 400 is located between the two cable tensioning mechanisms 300.

[0030] The inclined cable passes through two cable tightening mechanisms 300, each cable tightening mechanism 300 tightens the corresponding part of the inclined cable, and the part of the inclined cable located between the two cable tightening mechanisms 300 is wound on the cable retracting mechanism 400, and a tension sensor 500 is installed on the cylinder rod 200.

[0031] The utility model fixes the cylinder body 100 and the cylinder rod 200 of the pulling cylinder on the inclined cable through two cable tensioning mechanisms 300. When the bridge is subjected to stress and / or the inclined cable is affected by factors such as wind, the tension monitored by the tension sensor 500 on the cylinder rod 200 changes. In this way, the inclined cable will be tensioned or relaxed to a certain extent, thereby controlling the action of the pulling cylinder so that the portion of the inclined cable located between the two cable tensioning mechanisms 300 is gradually released or tightened, thereby making the force on the inclined cable reach a predetermined range; when the length of the portion of the inclined cable located between the two cable tensioning mechanisms 300 is large, it is necessary to control the cable retracting and releasing mechanism 400 to reel up this portion of the inclined cable.

[0032] The utility model adjusts the fixing position of the cylinder rod 200 or the cylinder body 100 and the oblique cable by releasing the tension of one of the cable retracting and releasing mechanisms 400 on the oblique cable, that is, after releasing the tension of one of the cable retracting and releasing mechanisms 400 on the oblique cable, the pulling cylinder is controlled to move so that the end of the cylinder rod 200 or the cylinder body 100 is displaced to a certain extent. When the predetermined position is reached, the cable retracting and releasing mechanism 400 is tightened on the oblique cable, thereby achieving the fixation of the pulling cylinder and the oblique cable.

[0033] In summary, the present invention can effectively improve the operating efficiency, safety and durability of large-span cable-stayed bridges without consuming a lot of manpower and time. It can automatically adjust the length of the cable to control the stability of the cable force, thereby achieving precise control of the stability of the bridge, improving the adaptability of the bridge to environmental changes, ensuring the uniformity of force, effectively controlling the deformation of the bridge, extending the service life of the bridge, and reducing maintenance costs.

[0034] like Figure 3 、 4 As shown, the cable tightening mechanism 300 includes two tightening half sleeves 301, one side of the two tightening half sleeves 301 is pivoted to each other through a pivot shaft, and a cable tightening opening is formed between the two tightening half sleeves 301. One of the two tightening half sleeves 301 is fixedly connected to the cylinder body 100 or the cylinder rod 200.

[0035] In this embodiment, the two lacing halves 301 are connected by at least one hydraulic tensioning member 600 on the side away from the pivot axis. The two lacing halves 301 interlock to form a complete lacing sleeve. In this embodiment, hydraulic pressure is used to actuate all the hydraulic tensioning members 600, causing the two lacing halves 301 to engage or disengage, thereby tightening or releasing the lacing sleeve on the stay cable.

[0036] In order to enable the tightening sleeve to firmly tighten the inclined cable and avoid relative sliding between the tightening sleeve and the inclined cable, the present embodiment adopts the following measures: two spiral assembly grooves 302 are opened on the inner wall of the tightening sleeve, each spiral assembly groove 302 extends spirally along the axis of the tightening sleeve to the two ends of the tightening sleeve, and the rotation directions of the two spiral assembly grooves 302 are opposite and staggered with each other. Wear strips are fixed in the two spiral assembly grooves 302, and the wear strips are made of polyethylene material with wear-resistant properties.

[0037] In this embodiment, two wear-bearing strips with opposite rotation directions are used to prevent relative sliding between the tightening sleeve and the inclined cable.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of first connecting lugs 308 are configured on the tightening sleeve half 301 fixedly connected to the cylinder body 100 or the cylinder rod 200. These first connecting lugs 308 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the tightening sleeve. In this embodiment, a plurality of second connecting lugs 201 are configured on the cylinder body 100 or the cylinder rod 200. The number of second connecting lugs 201 is the same as the number of first connecting lugs 308, and the first connecting lugs 308 are fixedly connected to the corresponding second connecting lugs 201.

[0039] like Figure 4 、 5 As shown, a plurality of first assembly ears 303 and a plurality of second assembly ears 307 are respectively provided on the two tightening half sleeves 301, and these first assembly ears 303 and second assembly ears 307 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. The number of hydraulic pullers 600 is the same as the number of first assembly ears 303, and the hydraulic pullers 600 are connected between the corresponding first assembly ears 303 and second assembly ears 307.

[0040] Specifically, the hydraulic puller 600 includes a hydraulic tube 601, a drive rod 603, and a connecting spring 604. One end of the hydraulic tube 601 is configured with a connecting flange 602, which is detachably connected to the second mounting lug 307. The end of the drive rod 603, away from the hydraulic tube 601, is hinged to the first mounting lug 303 via a hinge shaft 605. The other end of the drive rod 603 extends into the hydraulic tube 601. One end of the connecting spring 604 is fixed within the hydraulic tube 601, and the other end is fixedly connected to the end of the drive rod 603 that extends into the hydraulic tube 601.

[0041] In this embodiment, an inlet and outlet branch pipe 606 is installed at the end of the hydraulic pipe 601 away from the drive rod 603. This inlet and outlet branch pipe 606 communicates with the inner cavity of the hydraulic pipe 601 and is also connected to the inlet and outlet main pipe 607. When the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipe 601 is discharged, the drive rod 603, under the action of the connecting spring 604, extends a certain distance into the hydraulic pipe 601, tightening the two lacing half-sleeves 301 on the inclined cable. To release the tension of the inclined cable, hydraulic oil is pressed into the hydraulic pipe 601, which drives the drive rod 603 to move. This drives the corresponding lacing half-sleeve 301 to gradually open, releasing the tension of the lacing half-sleeve on the inclined cable.

[0042] In order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the cable tightening mechanism 300 and the inclined cable, the following measures are taken in this embodiment: Figure 3 As shown, an assembly notch 305 is provided at one end of each first assembly ear 303 close to the second assembly ear 307 , a connecting block 304 is detachably mounted at the assembly notch 305 , and the hinge shaft 605 is rotatably mounted in the assembly notch 305 .

[0043] To facilitate assembly and disassembly of the connecting block 304, a fixing hole 306 is provided in the first assembly ear 303 in this embodiment. This fixing hole 306 extends into the connecting block 304. A connecting screw is then inserted into the fixing hole 306 and threadedly engaged with the first assembly ear 303 and the connecting block 304, thereby securing the first assembly ear 303 to the connecting block 304. After the connecting screw is removed, the connecting block 304 is then removed. This allows the hinge shaft 605 to be disengaged from the assembly notch 305, fully opening the two cinching halves 301. This allows the inclined cable to be inserted between the two cinching halves 301, or removed from between the two cinching halves 301.

[0044] like Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the cable retracting and releasing mechanism 400 includes an assembly base 401, a retracting and releasing frame, and a driving member. The driving member is a power motor or a hydraulic motor 409. Preferably, the driving member is a hydraulic motor 409. The assembly base 401 is fixedly mounted on the cylinder body 100, and the retracting and releasing frame is rotatably mounted on the assembly base 401. The driving member is mounted on one side of the assembly base 401, and the output shaft of the driving member is connected to one side of the retracting and releasing frame. This embodiment controls the action of the driving member to drive the retracting and releasing frame to rotate, thereby reeling in the inclined cable located between the two cable tightening mechanisms 300 and in a relaxed state, or unreeling the reeled inclined cable to cooperate with the extension and retraction of the pulling cylinder.

[0045] The reeling and unreeling frame of this embodiment includes a first shaft 405 and a second shaft 407 whose axes coincide with each other. The first shaft 405 and the second shaft 407 are disposed opposite each other, forming a reeling shaft. A cable guide opening 408 is formed between the first shaft 405 and the second shaft 407. The first shaft 405 and the second shaft 407 are rotatably connected to the assembly base 401 via bearings 402. The inclined cable passes through the cable guide opening 408 and is reeled around the reeling shaft formed by the first shaft 405 and the second shaft 407. A limiting disk 404 is constructed at the adjacent ends of the two bearings 402, so that the reeled inclined cable is positioned between the two limiting disks 404.

[0046] To facilitate smooth insertion and removal of the stay cable into or from the cable guide opening 408, this embodiment employs the following measures: a second shaft 407 is movably inserted into the corresponding bearing 402 and extends toward the first shaft 405. A second fixing lug 406 is configured at the end of the second shaft 407 away from the first shaft 405, and a first fixing lug 403 is configured at the end of the inner sleeve of the corresponding bearing 402. The first fixing lug 403 and the second fixing lug 406 are connected and secured by connecting bolts. In this embodiment, the connecting bolts are removed to release the connection between the second shaft 407 and the corresponding bearing 402. The second shaft 407 is then withdrawn a certain distance, that is, the second shaft 407 is moved a certain distance away from the first shaft 405, causing the cable guide opening 408 to open from a closed loop state. This facilitates assembly and disassembly of the stay cable and the reel. When the stay cable is located in the cable guide opening 408 in a closed loop state, the retracting and unretracting frame is driven to rotate to realize the retraction and unretraction of the stay cable.

[0047] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cable force control device for a long-span cable-stayed bridge, characterized by: The invention comprises a pulling oil cylinder arranged in parallel with the inclined cable, wherein a cable tightening mechanism (300) is respectively installed on the oil cylinder body (100) and the oil cylinder rod (200) of the pulling oil cylinder, and a cable retracting mechanism (400) is installed on the oil cylinder body (100) and located between the two cable tightening mechanisms (300). The inclined cable passes through the two cable tightening mechanisms (300), and each cable tightening mechanism (300) is tightened at a corresponding portion of the inclined cable, and the portion of the inclined cable located between the two cable tightening mechanisms (300) is reeled into the cable retracting mechanism (400). A tension sensor (500) is installed on the oil cylinder rod (200).

2. The cable force control device for a long-span cable-stayed bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cable tightening mechanism (300) comprises two tightening half sleeves (301) pivotally connected to each other via a pivot axis, a cable tightening opening is formed between the two tightening half sleeves (301), one of the two tightening half sleeves (301) is fixedly connected to the cylinder body (100) or the cylinder rod (200), and the two tightening half sleeves (301) are connected on the side away from the pivot axis via at least one hydraulic puller (600), and the two tightening half sleeves (301) are interlocked and combined to form a complete tightening sleeve.

3. The cable force control device for a long-span cable-stayed bridge according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two spiral assembly grooves (302) are provided on the inner wall of the tightening sleeve, each spiral assembly groove (302) spirally extending along the axis of the tightening sleeve to both ends of the tightening sleeve, and the two spiral assembly grooves (302) have opposite rotation directions and are staggered with each other, and a grinding strip is fixed in the two spiral assembly grooves (302).

4. The cable force control device for a long-span cable-stayed bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of first connecting ears (308) are constructed on a tightening half sleeve (301) fixedly connected to the cylinder body (100) or the cylinder rod (200), wherein the first connecting ears (308) are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the tightening sleeve, and the cylinder body (100) or the cylinder rod (200) is constructed with second connecting ears (201) having the same number as the first connecting ears (308), and the first connecting ears (308) are fixedly connected to the corresponding second connecting ears (201).

5. The cable force control device for a long-span cable-stayed bridge according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of first assembly ears (303) and a plurality of second assembly ears (307) are respectively provided on the two tightening half sleeves (301), and the first assembly ears (303) and the second assembly ears (307) are provided in a one-to-one correspondence. The number of the hydraulic pullers (600) is the same as the number of the first assembly ears (303), and the hydraulic pullers (600) are connected between the corresponding first assembly ears (303) and the second assembly ears (307).

6. The cable force control device for a long-span cable-stayed bridge according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hydraulic puller (600) includes a hydraulic tube (601), a driving rod (603) and a connecting spring (604), one end of the hydraulic tube (601) is connected to the second assembly ear (307), one end of the driving rod (603) away from the hydraulic tube (601) is hinged to the first assembly ear (303) through a hinge shaft (605), the other end of the driving rod (603) extends into the hydraulic tube (601), one end of the connecting spring (604) is fixed in the hydraulic tube (601), and the other end of the connecting spring (604) is fixedly connected to the end of the driving rod (603) extending into the hydraulic tube (601).

7. The cable force control device for a long-span cable-stayed bridge according to claim 6, characterized in that: An assembly notch (305) is provided at one end of each first assembly ear (303) close to the second assembly ear (307), and a connecting block is detachably assembled at the assembly notch (305), and the hinge shaft is rotatably assembled in the assembly notch.

8. The cable force control device for a long-span cable-stayed bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cable retracting and releasing mechanism (400) comprises an assembly seat (401) fixedly mounted on the oil cylinder body (100), a retracting and releasing frame rotatably mounted on the assembly seat (401), a power motor or a hydraulic motor mounted on one side of the assembly seat (401), and an output shaft of the power motor or the hydraulic motor connected to one side of the retracting and releasing frame.

9. The cable force control device for a long-span cable-stayed bridge according to claim 8, characterized in that: The retractable rack comprises a first shaft (405) and a second shaft (407) which are coaxial and arranged opposite to each other, a cable guide opening (408) is formed between the first shaft (405) and the second shaft (407), and the first shaft (405) and the second shaft (407) are rotatably connected to the assembly seat (401) via bearings, the inclined cable passes through the cable guide opening and is reeled outside the first shaft (405) and the second shaft (407), and a limiting disk (404) is respectively constructed at one end of the two bearings close to each other.

10. The cable force control device for a long-span cable-stayed bridge according to claim 9, characterized in that: The second shaft (407) is movably inserted into the corresponding bearing and extends toward the first shaft (405). A second fixing ear (406) is constructed at one end of the second shaft (407) away from the first shaft (405), and a first fixing ear (403) is constructed at one end of the inner sleeve of the corresponding bearing. The first fixing ear (403) and the second fixing ear (406) are connected and fixed by connecting bolts.

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