Charging protection device, battery management system and charging equipment

Abstract

The utility model relates to a charging protection device, a battery management system and charging equipment, switch units can be respectively arranged at a plurality of wiring ports where a charging circuit is in butt joint with to-be-charged equipment, and protection units are connected in series between the switch units and the to-be-charged equipment so as to induce abnormal surge between the charging circuit and the to-be-charged equipment. The protection unit comprises a surge detector and an action piece which are oppositely arranged, the surge detector is respectively connected with the switch units and equipment to be charged, the switch driving assembly is arranged between the action piece and the switch units, and each switch unit is respectively connected with the switch driving assembly. Therefore, under the condition that any protection unit senses the abnormal surge, the protection action is triggered, so that the switch driving assembly executes the switch driving operation to at least disconnect the switch unit connected with the protection unit which senses the abnormal surge, and the problem that the charging equipment or the battery is damaged due to the fact that the surge current is too large is effectively relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a charging protection device, a battery management system, and a charging device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of new energy technologies, secondary batteries, represented by lithium batteries, have been widely used in various fields, including energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and aerospace, bringing great convenience to people's daily production and life. When it comes to battery charging, within the current range that the battery can withstand, the higher the charging current, the shorter the required charging time.

[0003] However, in the related art, when the battery is charging, it is easy to damage the charging device or the battery due to excessive surge current. Utility Model Content

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a charging protection device, a battery management system and a charging device to solve the problem that the charging device or battery is easily damaged due to excessive surge current.

[0005] The present application provides a charging protection device, which is used to connect a charging circuit and a device to be charged, wherein the charging circuit includes multiple connection ports for docking with the device to be charged, and the charging protection device includes: the charging protection device includes a switch drive component, multiple switch units and multiple protection units, one of the switch units is used to connect to one of the connection ports; one of the protection units is connected in series between each of the switch units and the device to be charged, and the protection unit is used to trigger a protection action when an abnormal surge is sensed; the switch drive component is arranged between the protection unit and the switch unit, and each of the switch units is connected to the switch drive component respectively; the switch drive component is used to disconnect at least the switch unit connected to the protection unit that senses the abnormal surge when any one of the protection units triggers a protection action.

[0006] The above solution can respectively set switch units at the multiple connection ports where the charging circuit connects to the device to be charged, and connect a protection unit in series between the switch unit and the device to be charged, so as to sense abnormal surges between the charging circuit and the device to be charged. A switch drive component is provided between the protection unit and the switch unit, and each switch unit is connected to the switch drive component. In this way, when any protection unit senses an abnormal surge, the protection action is triggered, causing the switch drive component to perform a switch drive operation to at least disconnect the switch unit connected to the protection unit that sensed the abnormal surge. Through this solution, multiple connection ports of the charging circuit can be protected against abnormal surges. When an abnormal surge occurs at any connection port, the corresponding switch unit can be turned off to disconnect the charging circuit, thereby achieving charging protection and effectively alleviating the problem of excessive surge current damaging the charging device or battery.

[0007] In some embodiments, the protection unit includes a surge detector and an action piece that are arranged opposite to each other, the surge detector is connected to the switch unit and the device to be charged, respectively, and the switch drive component is arranged between the action piece and the switch unit.

[0008] In the above solution, the protection unit specifically includes a surge detector and an action element. The action element triggers a corresponding protection action based on the changes that occur when the surge detector detects an abnormal surge, thereby having high working reliability.

[0009] In some embodiments, one protective unit is provided with one actuating member; and / or, multiple protective units share one actuating member.

[0010] The above solution can configure an independent action member in a corresponding protection unit, or a part of the protection units can share one action member, which can effectively improve the applicability of the protection unit.

[0011] In some embodiments, the surge detector includes a coil and an iron core, the coil is wound around the iron core, the first end of the coil is connected to the switch unit, and the second end of the coil is used to connect to the device to be charged; the action part includes a magnetic part, and the magnetic part is used to attract the iron core to trigger a protection action when the protection unit senses an abnormal surge.

[0012] The above scheme uses an iron core and a coil to build a surge detector, and uses a magnetic element as an actuating element. When a surge abnormality occurs, the magnetic element is electromagnetically driven to attract the iron core of the surge detector to trigger the protection action, which has high triggering accuracy.

[0013] In some embodiments, one surge detector is correspondingly provided with one iron core, and / or a plurality of surge detectors share one iron core.

[0014] The above solution can configure an independent iron core in a surge detector, or a part of the surge detectors can share one iron core, which can effectively improve the applicability of the surge detector.

[0015] In some embodiments, the surge detector further includes a heating element, a first end of the heating element is connected to the switch unit, and a second end of the heating element is used to connect to the device to be charged; the action part further includes a thermal expansion component, and the thermal expansion component is used to expand due to heat to trigger a protection action when the protection unit senses an abnormal surge.

[0016] The above scheme uses a heating element as a surge detector and a thermal expansion component that can expand and deform according to the heat generated by the heating element as an actuating part. In this way, when the surge current is too large, the heating element generates heat to trigger the protection action, thereby protecting the charging from overload and further improving the operating safety of the charging protection device.

[0017] In some embodiments, the charging protection device also includes a shell, the switch drive assembly is arranged inside the shell, and the switch drive assembly includes a lock, a hook, an elastic return member and a connecting rod. The first end of the elastic return member is fixedly set on the first inner surface of the shell, the second end of the elastic return member is connected to the switch unit, the first end of the lock is connected to the switch unit, the first end of the hook is rotatably set on the second inner surface of the shell, the second inner surface and the first inner surface are arranged opposite to each other, the second end of the hook is used to be buckled with the second end of the lock, the connecting rod is connected to the hook, and the connecting rod is used to push the hook to rotate to disconnect the hook from the lock when the protection unit triggers the protection action.

[0018] In the above scheme, the switch actuation assembly is constructed using a lock catch, a hook, an elastic return member, and a connecting rod. When the lock catch and hook are in contact, the elastic return member is stretched, closing the switch unit and forming a conductive circuit. When the connecting rod senses the protection unit's protective action, it pushes the hook, disengaging it from the lock catch. The elastic return member rebounds, shutting off the switch unit and breaking the circuit. This achieves high circuit-breaking control accuracy.

[0019] In some embodiments, the number of the switch drive assembly is one, and each of the switch units is respectively connected to the second end of the elastic return member and the first end of the lock.

[0020] The above solution can configure a switch drive component for multiple switch units. When any protection unit senses an abnormal surge, the switch drive component triggers a circuit breaker operation, disconnecting all switch units to achieve charging protection, which has the advantage of high comprehensive protection.

[0021] In some embodiments, there are multiple switch drive assemblies, and one switch unit is correspondingly connected to the second end of the elastic return member of the same switch drive assembly and the first end of the lock.

[0022] The above solution configures a switch driving component for each switch unit. In the event of a surge abnormality, the switch unit connected to the protection unit that senses the abnormal surge can be disconnected, thereby achieving higher protection accuracy.

[0023] The present application also provides a battery management system, including the above-mentioned charging protection device.

[0024] The present application also provides a charging device, including a charging circuit and the above-mentioned charging protection device.

[0025] In some embodiments, the charging circuit includes a main charging circuit, a charging controller and an auxiliary power supply. The main charging circuit includes a positive wiring port and a negative wiring port for docking with the battery of the device to be charged. The charging controller includes a first signal wiring port, a second signal wiring port and a charging detection wiring port for docking with the device controller of the device to be charged. The auxiliary power supply includes an auxiliary positive wiring port and an auxiliary negative wiring port for docking with the device controller. At least two wiring ports among the positive wiring port, the negative wiring port, the first signal wiring port, the second signal wiring port, the charging detection wiring port, the auxiliary positive wiring port and the auxiliary negative wiring port are connected to the device to be charged through the charging protection device.

[0026] The above solution can set a charging protection device at at least two of the positive wiring port, negative wiring port, first signal wiring port, second signal wiring port, charging detection wiring port, auxiliary positive wiring port and auxiliary negative wiring port to provide abnormal surge protection, thereby greatly improving the charging safety and reliability of the charging equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. The same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a charging protection device in some embodiments of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a charging protection device in some other embodiments of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a charging protection device in some other embodiments of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a charging protection device in some further embodiments of the present application;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a charging protection device in some other embodiments of the present application;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the charging device structure in some embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0037] References to "embodiments" herein mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0040] Currently, market developments indicate that batteries are increasingly being used. They are not only used in energy storage systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants, but are also widely used in electric vehicles like electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric cars, as well as in a variety of fields such as aerospace. As battery applications continue to expand, market demand is also growing.

[0041] These battery-powered devices often require recharging via charging equipment when the batteries are depleted or nearly depleted. Since DC charging typically has a higher output power of approximately 100 kW (kilowatts), while AC charging, which mostly uses a 220V household power supply, generally has a lower output power of around 7 kW, DC charging is also known as fast charging, while AC charging is known as slow charging. When charging devices such as electric vehicles, DC charging is typically used to increase charging speed.

[0042] However, during actual charging, there are a huge number of cases of electrical overstress (EOS) in the low-voltage detection communication circuits of charging equipment (such as charging piles), and transient voltage suppressor (TVS) overpower or wiring burnout problems continue to occur, seriously affecting the safety and operational reliability of charging equipment.

[0043] Through research, it was found that abnormal surges are the root cause of the above phenomenon. Whether it is an abnormal surge caused by grid fluctuations or because the charging equipment has been in an outdoor environment for a long time, the insulation performance has deteriorated (such as moisture, salt spray, aging, etc.), resulting in insulation failure between the low-voltage circuit and the high-voltage part. After the insulation breakdown, the high-voltage electricity directly enters the low-voltage circuit, causing a surge impact, which will affect the charging equipment.

[0044] To alleviate the above phenomenon, it is possible to consider configuring an abnormal surge identification and protection device at the connection port of the charging device, or at the charging port used by the device to be charged to connect to the charging device. When an abnormal surge occurs, the connection between the charging device and the device to be charged is cut off, thereby providing charging protection.

[0045] Based on the above considerations, switch units can be installed at each of the multiple connection ports connecting the charging circuit to the device to be charged. A protection unit can be connected in series between the switch unit and the device to be charged to sense abnormal surges between the charging circuit and the device to be charged. A switch driver assembly is provided between the protection unit and the switch unit, and each switch unit is connected to the switch driver assembly. In this way, if any protection unit senses an abnormal surge, the protection action is triggered, causing the switch driver assembly to execute a switch drive operation to disconnect at least the switch unit connected to the protection unit that sensed the abnormal surge.

[0046] Through the above solution, abnormal surge protection can be performed on multiple connection ports of the charging circuit. When an abnormal surge occurs at any connection port, the corresponding switch unit can be turned off to disconnect the charging line, thereby achieving charging protection and effectively alleviating the problem of excessive surge current damaging the charging equipment or battery.

[0047] The charging protection device provided in the embodiments of the present application is used to provide charging protection between a charging circuit and a device to be charged. The charging circuit is specifically a charging circuit configured in the charging device, which can be a DC charging circuit or an AC charging circuit, without specific limitation. To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present application, the following embodiments can be understood as the charging circuit being a DC charging circuit and the charging device being a charging pile. The device to be charged refers to a device equipped with a battery that needs to be charged through a charging circuit (or charging device), which can be various electric vehicles, such as electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, etc., without specific limitation.

[0048] It can be understood that the charging protection device can be configured on the charging device or on the device to be charged, such as the battery management system of the device to be charged, and only needs to be located between the wiring port of the charging circuit and the charging docking port of the device to be charged.

[0049] See also Figure 1The present application provides a charging protection device, which connects a charging circuit and a device to be charged. The charging circuit includes multiple connection ports for connecting to the device to be charged. The charging protection device includes a switch drive component 400, multiple switch units 100 and multiple protection units 200. One switch unit 100 is used to connect to one connection port; one protection unit 200 is connected in series between one switch unit 100 and the device to be charged, and the protection unit 200 is used to trigger a protection action when an abnormal surge is sensed; the switch drive component 400 is arranged between the protection unit 200 and the switch unit 100, and each switch unit 100 is respectively connected to the switch drive component 400; the switch drive component 400 is used to disconnect at least the switch unit 100 connected to the protection unit 200 that senses the abnormal surge when any one of the protection units 200 triggers a protection action.

[0050] Specifically, the switch unit 100 is a switch device that can realize the shutoff function under the drive of the switch drive component 400. The type of the switch unit 100 is not unique. It can be a contact switch or other types of switches, and there is no specific limitation. Taking the contact switch as an example, the switch unit 100 should include a static contact and a moving contact. During the on-off conversion process, the static contact is in a static state. By controlling the movement of the moving contact, the on and off control of the contact switch 100 is achieved. The type of contact switch is not unique. It can be a docking contact switch 100, a bridge contact switch 100, etc., and there is no specific limitation.

[0051] Abnormal surge refers to the situation where the charging operation between the charging circuit and the device to be charged is abnormal, resulting in a surge. Surge refers to the amplitude of the voltage or current peak that occurs, which far exceeds the normal operating range. The protection unit 200 is a device used to sense whether there is an abnormal surge in the line. It can change its state when an abnormal surge occurs, and this state change can cause the protection unit 200 to move, that is, trigger a protection action. The switch drive component 400 is a device that can close the switch unit 100 under normal conditions, and can drive the switch unit 100 to disconnect when the protection unit 200 triggers the working protection.

[0052] It should be noted that the number of switch units 100 is not unique and can be two or more, but should be less than or equal to the number of connection ports of the charging circuit. In this way, in actual scenarios, two or more connection ports of the charging circuit can be connected to the device to be charged through the charging protection device, or each connection port can be connected to the device to be charged through the charging protection device, thereby achieving multi-port surge protection.

[0053] It is understood that the number of protection units 200 should be consistent with the number of switch units 100, so that one protection unit 200 is connected in series between each switch unit 100 and the device to be charged (usually referring to the charging docking port of the device to be charged). Multiple protection units 200 can share a switch driver assembly 400, or each protection unit 200 can be configured with a switch driver assembly 400. Alternatively, a combination of the above two methods (some switch driver assemblies 400 correspond one-to-one with protection units 200, while some protection units 200 share a switch driver assembly 400) can be used to configure the charging protection device with multiple switch driver assemblies 400.

[0054] In this way, when any protection unit 200 senses an abnormal surge, the switch unit 100 connected to the protection unit 200 that senses the abnormal surge can be disconnected, or the switch unit 100 connected to the protection unit 200 that senses the abnormal surge can be disconnected, and the other switch units 100 can also be disconnected at the same time.

[0055] The above solution can be configured to install switch units 100 at each of the multiple connection ports connecting the charging circuit to the device to be charged. A protection unit 200 is connected in series between the switch unit 100 and the device to be charged, thereby sensing abnormal surges between the charging circuit and the device to be charged. A switch driver assembly 400 is provided between the protection unit 200 and the switch unit 100, and each switch unit 100 is connected to the switch driver assembly 400. Thus, if any protection unit 200 senses an abnormal surge, a protective action is triggered, causing the switch driver assembly 400 to perform a switch drive operation to disconnect at least the switch unit 100 connected to the protection unit 200 that sensed the abnormal surge. This solution can provide abnormal surge protection for multiple connection ports of the charging circuit. When an abnormal surge occurs at any connection port, the corresponding switch unit 100 can be disconnected to disconnect the charging circuit, thereby achieving charging protection and effectively alleviating the problem of excessive surge current damaging the charging device or battery.

[0056] See also Figure 2 In some embodiments, the protection unit 200 includes a surge detector 21 and an action member 22 that are arranged relatively to each other. The surge detector 21 is respectively connected to the switch unit 100 and the device to be charged, and the switch drive component 400 is arranged between the action member 22 and the switch unit 100.

[0057] Specifically, the surge detector 21 is a device that can identify abnormal surges in the connection line between the connection port connected to the switch unit 100 and the device to be charged, and undergoes certain changes when an abnormal surge is identified. The action element is a component that can perform a protective action when the surge detector 21 detects an abnormal surge and changes.

[0058] In actual scenarios, the action part 22 can be set at a distance from the surge detection part 21, or the action part 22 can be set on the surge detection part 21. As long as the action part 22 can change its state to achieve protection action when the surge detection part 21 identifies an abnormal surge, the specific setting can be combined with the different surge detection methods in actual scenarios, and no limitation is made here.

[0059] In the above solution, the protection unit 200 specifically includes a surge detector 21 and an action element 22. The action element 22 triggers a corresponding protection action based on the changes that occur when the surge detector 21 detects an abnormal surge, thereby having high working reliability.

[0060] In some embodiments, one protective unit 200 is provided with one actuating member 22 ; and / or, multiple protective units 200 share one actuating member 22 .

[0061] Specifically, in actual scenarios, in order to save the material cost of the action part 22, multiple action parts 22 can be configured to share one surge detector 21, that is, each protection unit 200 includes two parts, the action part 22 and the surge detector 21, and multiple surge detectors 21 share one action part. When any surge detector 21 detects an abnormal surge, the action part 22 can trigger a protection action.

[0062] In another embodiment, in order to improve the protection action accuracy of the action element 22 , an action element 22 may be configured for each surge detector 21 .

[0063] In actual scenarios, each protection unit 200 may be provided with an actuator 22, or all protection units 200 may share one actuator 22. Alternatively, some protection units 200 may be independently provided with an actuator 22, while other protection units 200 may be provided with a shared actuator 22 (in this case, specifically, these protection units 200 may share one actuator 22, or multiple actuators 22 may be provided, with two or more protection units 200 sharing one actuator 22).

[0064] In the above solution, an independent action member 22 may be configured in one protection unit 200 , or a part of the protection units 200 may share one action member 22 , which can effectively improve the applicability of the protection unit 200 .

[0065] See also Figure 3In some embodiments, the surge detector 21 includes a coil 210 and an iron core 220. The coil 210 is wound around the iron core 220. The first end of the coil 210 is connected to the switch unit 100, and the second end of the coil 210 is used to connect to the device to be charged (not shown). The action member 22 includes a magnetic member 310. The magnetic member 310 is used to attract the iron core 220 to trigger a protection action when the protection unit 200 senses an abnormal surge.

[0066] Specifically, magnetic element 310 is a component that moves under electromagnetic force, engaging the iron core in surge detector 21 to trigger protection. It is typically made of a magnetizable material, such as soft iron or silicon steel. Magnetic element 310 can be rotatably positioned relative to iron core 220 or spaced apart from surge detector 21. The specific configuration is not limited to this; it only requires that magnetic element 310 engage when surge detector 21 senses an abnormal surge.

[0067] The protection unit 200 of this embodiment is constructed using a coil 210 and an iron core 220. The switch unit 100 is connected to the device to be charged via the coil 210, allowing electrical signals to flow through the coil 210 during charging. During normal operation, the current flowing through the coil 210 is relatively low, and the magnetic force generated by electromagnetic induction is weak, insufficient to attract the magnetic element 310. However, during an abnormal surge, the current flowing through the coil 210 is relatively high, instantly generating a strong magnetic attraction force that attracts the magnetic element 310.

[0068] It should be pointed out that in order to achieve the attraction of the magnetic component 310 in the event of an abnormal surge, the magnetic attraction force generated under normal operating conditions is not sufficient to attract the magnetic component 310. The magnetic component 310 can be configured to have a force in the opposite direction of the magnetic attraction force. Under normal conditions (i.e., the charging state without abnormal surges), the magnetic attraction force is smaller than the reverse force, so the magnetic component 310 cannot be attracted. However, during abnormal surges, the magnetic attraction force is greater than the reverse force, thereby attracting the magnetic component 310.

[0069] It is understandable that the configuration method of the above-mentioned reverse force is not unique. It can be gravity, friction or elastic force, etc., and can be configured according to the actual scenario.

[0070] For example, in one embodiment, one end of the magnetic component 310 can be configured to be rotatable, and the other end of the magnetic component 310 is connected to an elastic component (such as a spring). During the attraction process, the elastic component is stretched (or compressed). When the electromagnetic force is small, it is not enough to overcome the reverse force generated by the stretching or compression of the elastic component; when the electromagnetic force is large enough, it overcomes the reverse force generated by the stretching or compression of the elastic component, thereby attracting the magnetic component 310.

[0071] In another embodiment, one end of the magnetic component 310 can be configured to be rotatable, and the protection unit 200 can be configured above the magnetic component 310. The protection unit 200 generates a vertically upward electromagnetic force. At this time, the vertically downward gravity needs to be overcome in order to attract the magnetic component 310 and the protection unit 200.

[0072] During the process of the magnetic member 310 and the protection unit 200 being attracted, the magnetic member 310 will move toward the protection unit 200. During this movement, the magnetic member 310 will hit the switch drive component 400, applying a certain force to the switch drive component 400, thereby triggering the circuit breaker operation.

[0073] The above solution uses the iron core 220 and the coil 210 to build the protection unit 200, and uses electromagnetic drive to make the magnetic element 310 and the iron core 220 of the protection unit 200 attract to trigger the protection action, which has high triggering accuracy.

[0074] In some embodiments, one surge detector 21 is provided with one core 220 , and / or multiple surge detectors 21 share one core 220 .

[0075] For details, please refer to Figure 3 In some embodiments, different coils 210 share an iron core 220 , and each coil 210 is wound around a different portion of the same iron core 220 . There is only one magnetic element 310 , and the magnetic element 310 can be rotatably disposed on the iron core 220 .

[0076] Specifically, each protection unit 200 includes a coil 210 and an iron core 220. The iron core 220 of each protection unit 200 can be shared. When an abnormal surge occurs in the circuit where any coil 210 is located, a magnetic field is generated on the iron core 220, thereby attracting the magnetic element 310. Accordingly, when each coil 210 shares a common iron core 220, a single magnetic element 310 is configured. When an abnormal surge occurs in the circuit where any coil 210 is located, the magnetic element 310 is attracted, thereby triggering a protective action.

[0077] In some embodiments, one coil 210 is wound around one iron core 220 , one protection unit 200 is provided with one magnetic element 310 , and the magnetic element 310 is rotatably provided on the iron core 220 .

[0078] Specifically, in this embodiment, the iron cores 220 can be separately provided, with one iron core 220 corresponding to each coil 210, and each iron core 220 is provided with a rotatable magnetic element 310. Thus, when an abnormal surge occurs in the circuit where any coil 210 is located, the iron core 220 around which the coil 210 is wound generates a magnetic field, thereby overcoming the opposing force of the magnetic element 310 (such as the gravity or elastic force described above), thereby causing the magnetic element 310 provided on the iron core 220 to rotate, thereby attracting the magnetic element 310.

[0079] In actual scenarios, the surge detectors 21 of some protection units 200 can each independently set an iron core 220, while the surge detectors 21 of another part of the protection units 200 can share the iron core 220. They can share one iron core 220 or multiple iron cores 220, depending on the actual needs.

[0080] In the above solution, an independent iron core 220 may be configured in one surge detector 21 , or a part of the surge detectors 21 may share one iron core 220 , which can effectively improve the applicability of the surge detectors.

[0081] See also Figure 4 In some embodiments, the protection unit 200 further includes a heating element 230, a first end of the heating element 230 is connected to the switch unit 100, and a second end of the heating element 230 is used to connect to a device to be charged (not shown); the action part 22 further includes a thermal expansion component 320, which is used to expand due to heat to trigger a protection action when the protection unit 200 senses an abnormal surge.

[0082] Specifically, the heating element 230 is a device that can generate heat when current flows through it. Its type is not unique and can be a heating wire, etc., which is not specifically limited. The thermal expansion component 320 is a device that can expand and deform when heated. Under normal operating conditions, the current between the charging circuit and the device to be charged is low. At this time, the heat generated by the heating element 230 is low and is not enough to cause the thermal expansion component 320 to deform sufficiently to drive the switch drive component 400 to perform a circuit breaker operation. In the event of a surge or overload, the current flowing through the heating element 230 is large. At this time, due to heat accumulation, sufficient heat can be generated to cause the thermal expansion component 320 to deform significantly, thereby driving the switch drive component 400 to operate.

[0083] It should be noted that in actual scenarios, the surge detector 21 may include only the heating element 230, and the actuator 22 may include only the thermal expansion assembly 320. That is, one heating element 230 is connected in series between each switch unit 100 and the device to be charged, and one thermal expansion assembly 320 is provided for each one or more heating elements 230. In this way, in actual scenarios, if no abnormal surge occurs, the heat generated by each heating element 230 is limited, and the protection action will not be triggered. However, if an abnormal surge occurs in the circuit where any heating element 230 is located, it can generate a large amount of heat to drive the thermal expansion assembly 320 to deform, thereby triggering the protection action.

[0084] See also Figure 5 In another embodiment, considering that both the accumulation of heat in the heating element 230 and the deformation of the thermal expansion assembly 320 require a certain amount of time, while the abnormal surge duration is relatively short, to improve the accuracy of tripping triggering during abnormal surges, the surge detector 21 can be configured to include both the coil 210 and the iron core 220 as well as the heating element 230, and the actuator 22 can be configured to include both the magnetic element 310 and the thermal expansion assembly 320.

[0085] Specifically, the coil 210 and the heating element 230 can be arranged in parallel or in series, without limitation. In one embodiment, taking the series arrangement as an example, the coil 210 and the heating element 230 are connected in series on the line between a switch unit 100 and the device to be charged. The iron core 220 and the magnetic element 310 are placed at the corresponding position of the coil 210, and the thermal expansion assembly 320 is placed at the corresponding position of the heating element 230.

[0086] In the event of an abnormal surge between the charging circuit and the device being charged, the instantaneous current is very high (greater than or equal to the magnetic attraction current threshold), generating a strong magnetic attraction force that causes the magnetic element 310 to engage, triggering protection, thereby achieving surge current protection. In the event of an overload between the charging circuit and the device being charged, resulting in a high current (less than the magnetic attraction current threshold), this current is insufficient to activate the magnetic element 310. However, the heating element 230 continues to accumulate heat. When the heat accumulation reaches a certain level, the thermal expansion component 320 undergoes sufficient deformation, similarly triggering protection.

[0087] In this way, in the event of an abnormal large current surge, electromagnetic tripping triggers protection, achieving high current abnormal surge protection. In the event of a smaller abnormal surge current (usually an overload condition) that is insufficient to trigger the electromagnetic tripping, heat accumulation tripping is used to achieve secondary overload protection.

[0088] In the above scheme, the heating element 230 is used as the surge detector 21, and the thermal expansion component 320 that can expand and deform according to the heat generated by the heating element 230 is used as the operating part 22. In this way, when the surge current is too large, the heating element 230 generates heat to trigger the protection action, thereby protecting the charging from overload and further improving the operating safety of the charging protection device.

[0089] It should be noted that the thermal expansion component 320 can be of any type; any component capable of expanding when heated, with the degree of expansion increasing with increasing heat, can be used. For example, in some embodiments, the thermal expansion component 320 comprises a bimetallic strip. In other embodiments, shape memory alloys and the like may also be used, without limitation.

[0090] Specifically, a bimetallic strip, also known as a thermal bimetallic strip, is a composite material composed of two or more metals or other materials with suitable properties. Since the thermal expansion coefficients of each component layer are different, when the temperature changes, the deformation of the active layer is greater than that of the passive layer, so the entire bimetallic strip will bend toward the passive layer, and the curvature of the composite material will change, thereby causing deformation.

[0091] The above solution uses a bimetallic strip as the thermal expansion component 320, which has the advantages of high temperature response sensitivity, simple structure, low cost, and strong anti-interference ability.

[0092] Please refer to Figure 5 In some embodiments, the charging protection device further includes a shell (not shown), the switch drive assembly 400 is disposed inside the shell, and the switch drive assembly 400 includes a lock 420, a hook 410, an elastic return member 440 and a connecting rod 430. The first end of the elastic return member 440 is fixedly disposed on the first inner surface of the shell, and the second end of the elastic return member 440 is connected to the switch unit 100. The first end of the lock 420 is connected to the switch unit 100. The first end of the hook 410 is rotatably disposed on the second inner surface of the shell, and the second inner surface and the first inner surface are arranged opposite to each other. The second end of the hook 410 is used to be buckled with the second end of the lock 420. The connecting rod 430 is connected to the hook 410. The connecting rod 430 is used to push the hook 410 to rotate when the protection unit 200 triggers the protection action to disconnect the hook 410 from the lock 420.

[0093] Specifically, this embodiment uses a snap-on switch actuator assembly 400 as an example for explanation. Other embodiments may employ other switch actuator assemblies 400 (e.g., magnetically attached). This is not a limitation. Taking the contact switch of a switch unit as an example, the first end of the latch 420 is connected to the movable contact of the switch unit 100. When the latch 420 is pulled downward due to gravity or other factors, the movable contact contacts the stationary contact, thereby closing the contact switch. At this point, the elastic return member 440 is in a stretched state.

[0094] When the lock catch 420 and hook 410 are engaged, the lock catch 420 remains pulled down, thus maintaining the contact switch closed. However, when an abnormal surge occurs in the circuitry of the contact switch, the protection unit 200 generates an electromagnetic force (or continuously generates heat) that overcomes the opposing force of the magnetic element 310, ultimately causing the magnetic element 310 to rotate and engage with the core 220 (or the thermal expansion element 320 to expand due to heat). The rotation of the magnetic element 310 strikes the connecting rod 430 (or the thermal expansion element 320 pushes against the connecting rod 430), which transmits the force to the hook 410, disconnecting the hook 410 from the lock catch 420, thereby entering the tripped state. At this point, the elastic restoring force of the elastic return element 440 causes the movable contact to lift, disconnecting it from the static contact, and effectively shutting off the switch unit 100.

[0095] It can be understood that the type of the elastic return member 440 is not limited. In a more detailed embodiment, it can be a spring.

[0096] In the above scheme, the switch drive assembly 400 is constructed in the form of a lock 420, a hook 410, an elastic return member 440, and a connecting rod 430. When the lock 420 and hook 410 are in contact, the elastic return member 440 is stretched, causing the moving contact of the switch unit 100 to contact the static contact, forming a conductive circuit. When the connecting rod 430 senses the protection action of the protection unit 200, it pushes the hook 410, causing it to disengage from the lock 420, and the elastic return member 440 rebounds, turning off the switch unit 100 and breaking the circuit. This achieves high circuit breaking control accuracy.

[0097] In some embodiments, the number of the switch driving assembly 400 is one, and each switch unit 100 is connected to the second end of the elastic return member 440 and the first end of the lock 420 respectively.

[0098] Specifically, in this embodiment, each switch unit 100 shares a switch driver assembly 400. If an abnormal surge occurs on the line where any switch unit 100 is located, the magnetic element 310 or the heating element 230 causes the lock 420 and hook 410 of the switch driver assembly 400 to switch to a disengaged state. Accordingly, the elastic restoring force of the elastic restoring element 440 causes each switch unit 100 to be turned off.

[0099] The above solution can configure a switch drive component 400 for multiple switch units 100. When any protection unit 200 senses an abnormal surge, the switch drive component 400 triggers a tripping action, disconnecting all switch units 100 to achieve charging protection, which has the advantage of high comprehensive protection.

[0100] In some embodiments, there are multiple switch drive assemblies 400 , and one switch unit 100 is connected to the second end of the elastic return member 440 and the first end of the lock 420 of the same switch drive assembly 400 .

[0101] Specifically, unlike the above embodiment, a switch driving component 400 can be configured for each switch unit 100. When an abnormal surge occurs, the switch driving component 400 corresponding to the abnormal surge only needs to perform a disconnection operation to turn off the switch unit 100 connected thereto, thereby achieving abnormal surge protection.

[0102] In the above solution, a switch driving component 400 is configured for each switch unit 100. In the event of a surge abnormality, the switch unit 100 connected to the protection unit 200 that senses the abnormal surge can be disconnected, thereby achieving higher protection accuracy.

[0103] In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present application, the present application is explained below in conjunction with more detailed embodiments.

[0104] The charging circuit includes multiple connection ports, each corresponding to a switch unit 100. A coil 210 and a heating element 230 are serially connected in series along the line between a switch unit 100 and the device being charged. The coils 210 of multiple switch units 100 share a common core 220. One end of a magnetic element 310 is rotatably mounted on the core 220, and the other end of the magnetic element 310 is connected to a spring, which applies an elastic restoring force opposite to the electromagnetic force. Multiple heating elements 230 share a common bimetallic strip. A connecting rod 430 is provided in the path of the bimetallic strip's thermal expansion and is also located in the rotational path of the magnetic element 310 when it is engaged. The connecting rod 430 is connected to a hook 410, which is rotatably mounted on the lower surface (inside) of the housing of the charging protection device. One end of the spring is fixedly mounted on the upper surface (inside) of the housing, and the other end of the spring is connected to the movable contact of the switch unit 100. The latch 420 is also connected to the movable contact of the switch unit 100. When the lock catch 420 and the hook 410 are in an overlapped state, the spring is stretched to make the moving contact point contact the static contact point.

[0105] In the absence of an abnormal surge, the moving contact and the static contact are in contact due to the overlapping action of the lock 420 and the hook 410, and the switch unit 100 can be maintained closed at this time. However, when an abnormal surge occurs on the line between any wiring port and the device to be charged, and the surge current is greater than or equal to the magnetic current threshold, a magnetic attraction force that can overcome the spring's rebound force is generated at the iron core 220, causing the magnetic element 310 to rotate and fit with the iron core 220. During this process, the magnetic element 310 hits the connecting rod 430, causing the lock 420 and the hook 410 to switch from a locked state to a released state. Under the action of the spring restoring force at the switch unit 100, the dynamic circuit breaker and the static circuit breaker of each switch unit 100 are disconnected, thereby achieving protection against large current abnormal surges.

[0106] When an abnormal surge occurs on the line between any connection port and the device to be charged, and the surge current is less than the magnetic attraction current threshold (i.e., in an overload state), the magnetic attraction force generated by the iron core 220 is insufficient to overcome the spring's resilience. However, as the charging time increases, the heating element 230 continues to heat up, and the bimetallic strip deforms due to thermal expansion, eventually hitting the connecting rod 430, which then transmits the force to the hook 410. Ultimately, the lock 420 and the hook 410 are switched from a locked state to a released state. Under the action of the spring restoring force at the switch unit 100, the dynamic and static circuit breakers of each switch unit 100 are disconnected, achieving secondary overload protection.

[0107] The present application also provides a battery management system, including the above-mentioned charging protection device.

[0108] Specifically, the structure and implementation of the charging protection device are as shown in the above embodiments and drawings, and will not be repeated here. The technical solution of this application configures the charging protection device at one end of the device to be charged, specifically at the battery management system of the device to be charged, so as to achieve charging protection for the device to be charged.

[0109] Through the above-described battery management system, switch units 100 can be respectively installed at the multiple connection ports connecting the charging circuit and the device to be charged. A protection unit 200 is connected in series between the switch unit 100 and the device to be charged, thereby sensing abnormal surges between the charging circuit and the device to be charged. A switch drive assembly 400 is provided between the protection unit 200 and the switch unit 100, and each switch unit 100 is connected to the switch drive assembly 400. In this way, if any protection unit 200 senses an abnormal surge, the protection action is triggered, causing the switch drive assembly 400 to perform a switch drive operation to disconnect at least the switch unit 100 connected to the protection unit 200 that sensed the abnormal surge. Through this solution, multiple connection ports of the charging circuit can be protected against abnormal surges. When an abnormal surge occurs at any connection port, the corresponding switch unit 100 can be disconnected to disconnect the charging line, thereby achieving charging protection and effectively alleviating the problem of excessive surge current damaging the charging device or battery.

[0110] The present application also provides a charging device, including a charging circuit and the above-mentioned charging protection device.

[0111] Specifically, the structure and implementation of the charging protection device are as shown in the above embodiments and drawings, and will not be repeated here. The technical solution of this application configures the charging protection device at one end of the charging device, specifically at the connection port of the charging circuit of the charging device, so as to achieve charging protection for the charging device.

[0112] It should be noted that the type of charging device is not limited. In one embodiment, it can be a DC charging device, and in another embodiment, it can also be an AC charging device. More specifically, in one embodiment, the charging device can be a charging station for charging electric vehicles or electric motorcycles.

[0113] The above-mentioned charging device can be equipped with switch units 100 at each of the multiple connection ports connecting the charging circuit to the device to be charged. A protection unit 200 is connected in series between the switch unit 100 and the device to be charged, thereby sensing abnormal surges between the charging circuit and the device to be charged. A switch driver assembly 400 is provided between the protection unit 200 and the switch unit 100, and each switch unit 100 is connected to the switch driver assembly 400. In this way, if any protection unit 200 senses an abnormal surge, a protection action is triggered, causing the switch driver assembly 400 to perform a switch drive operation to disconnect at least the switch unit 100 connected to the protection unit 200 that sensed the abnormal surge. Through this solution, multiple connection ports of the charging circuit can be protected against abnormal surges. When an abnormal surge occurs at any connection port, the corresponding switch unit 100 can be disconnected to disconnect the charging circuit, thereby achieving charging protection and effectively alleviating the problem of excessive surge current damaging the charging device or battery.

[0114] See also Figure 6 The following explanation is provided using an off-board charger (e.g., a DC charging station) as an example. In some embodiments, the charging circuit includes a main charging circuit 610, a charging controller 620, and an auxiliary power supply 630. The main charging circuit 610 includes a positive terminal (D+) and a negative terminal (D-) for connecting to the battery of the device to be charged. The charging controller 620 includes a first signal terminal (S+), a second signal terminal (S-), and a charge detection terminal (CC1) for connecting to the device controller of the device to be charged. The auxiliary power supply 630 includes an auxiliary positive terminal (A+) and an auxiliary negative terminal (A-) for connecting to the device controller. At least two of the positive terminal, negative terminal, first signal terminal, second signal terminal, charge detection terminal, auxiliary positive terminal, and auxiliary negative terminal are connected to the device to be charged via a charging protection device.

[0115] Specifically, the auxiliary power supply 630 and the main charging circuit 610 are each connected to the charging controller 620. The figure illustrates the auxiliary positive and negative terminals connected to the charging protection device. The main charging circuit 610 converts and boosts external AC power to DC, generating DC power suitable for the battery and outputting it to the battery. The charging controller 620 is the device used to control and monitor the entire charging process. The auxiliary power supply 630 provides lower-voltage DC power to power the vehicle's battery management system and other low-voltage devices.

[0116] The positive terminal (D+) connects to the positive terminal of the vehicle's battery and inputs a higher-voltage DC power supply (e.g., 200V-1000V). The negative terminal (D-) connects to the negative terminal of the vehicle's battery, completing a circuit. The first signal terminal (S+) and the second signal terminal (S-) are used for communication between the charging station and the vehicle. S+ and S- form a differential signal pair, transmitting information such as charging parameters (e.g., voltage and current requirements) and vehicle status (e.g., battery charge level and temperature). The charging detection terminal (CC1) detects the charging connection status, ensuring a reliable physical connection between the charging station and the vehicle's socket. The auxiliary positive terminal (A+) outputs 12V or 24V DC power to power low-voltage devices such as the vehicle's battery management system. The auxiliary negative terminal (A-) connects to the vehicle's low-voltage ground wire, completing a circuit.

[0117] In actual scenarios, considering that all of the above-mentioned connection ports may experience abnormal surges, at least two of the above-mentioned connection ports may be connected to a charging protection device to achieve charging protection. More specifically, in one embodiment, each of the above-mentioned connection ports may be connected to a charging protection device, which is not limited to the specific embodiment.

[0118] The above solution can set a charging protection device at at least two of the positive wiring port, negative wiring port, first signal wiring port, second signal wiring port, charging detection wiring port, auxiliary positive wiring port and auxiliary negative wiring port to provide abnormal surge protection, thereby greatly improving the charging safety and reliability of the charging equipment.

[0119] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A charging protection device, characterized in that: The charging protection device is used to connect a charging circuit and a device to be charged. The charging circuit includes a plurality of connection ports for docking with the device to be charged. The charging protection device includes: a plurality of switch units, wherein one switch unit is used to connect to one of the connection ports; Multiple protection units, one of which is connected in series between each switch unit and the device to be charged, the protection unit comprising a surge detector and an action member disposed opposite each other, the surge detector being connected to the switch unit and the device to be charged, respectively; the protection unit being configured to trigger a protection action when an abnormal surge is sensed; A switch drive component is arranged between the actuating member and the switch unit, and each switch unit is respectively connected to the switch drive component; the switch drive component is used to disconnect at least the switch unit connected to the protection unit that senses an abnormal surge when any one of the protection units triggers a protection action.

2. The charging protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One protection unit is correspondingly provided with one actuating member; and / or, multiple protection units share one actuating member.

3. The charging protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surge detector includes a coil and an iron core, the coil is wound around the iron core, a first end of the coil is connected to the switch unit, and a second end of the coil is used to connect to the device to be charged; The action member includes a magnetic member, and the magnetic member is used to be attracted to the iron core to trigger a protection action when the protection unit senses an abnormal surge.

4. The charging protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: One surge detector is correspondingly provided with one iron core, and / or a plurality of surge detectors share one iron core.

5. The charging protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The surge detector further includes a heating element, a first end of the heating element is connected to the switch unit, and a second end of the heating element is used to connect to the device to be charged; The action member further includes a thermal expansion component, which is used to expand under heat to trigger a protection action when the protection unit senses an abnormal surge.

6. The charging protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The charging protection device also includes a shell, the switch drive assembly is arranged inside the shell, the switch drive assembly includes a lock, a hook, an elastic return member and a connecting rod, the first end of the elastic return member is fixedly set on the first inner surface of the shell, the second end of the elastic return member is connected to the switch unit, the first end of the lock is connected to the switch unit, the first end of the hook is rotatably set on the second inner surface of the shell, the second inner surface and the first inner surface are arranged opposite to each other, the second end of the hook is used to be buckled with the second end of the lock, the connecting rod is connected to the hook, and the connecting rod is used to push the hook to rotate to disconnect the hook from the lock when the protection unit triggers the protection action.

7. The charging protection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of the switch drive assembly is one, and each of the switch units is respectively connected to the second end of the elastic return member and the first end of the lock.

8. The charging protection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: There are multiple switch drive assemblies, and one switch unit is correspondingly connected to the second end of the elastic return member of the same switch drive assembly and the first end of the lock.

9. A battery management system, characterized in that: The charging protection device comprises the charging protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A charging device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a charging circuit and the charging protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

11. The charging device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The charging circuit includes a main charging circuit, a charging controller and an auxiliary power supply. The main charging circuit includes a positive wiring port and a negative wiring port for docking with the battery of the device to be charged. The charging controller includes a first signal wiring port, a second signal wiring port and a charging detection wiring port for docking with the device controller of the device to be charged. The auxiliary power supply includes an auxiliary positive wiring port and an auxiliary negative wiring port for docking with the device controller. At least two wiring ports among the positive wiring port, the negative wiring port, the first signal wiring port, the second signal wiring port, the charging detection wiring port, the auxiliary positive wiring port and the auxiliary negative wiring port are connected to the device to be charged through the charging protection device.

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