Railway vehicle side blowing and dust collecting device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a railway vehicle side blowing dust collection device which comprises a vehicle side trolley chassis, a vehicle side air compressor assembly and a vehicle side dust collection box assembly are arranged on the vehicle side trolley chassis, the vehicle side dust collection box assembly comprises a vehicle side dust collection box and a blowing robot, and a vehicle side dust suction opening is formed in the side wall, facing the railway vehicle, of the vehicle side dust collection box; a vehicle side pressure equalizing box is arranged on the vehicle side dust collecting box, an air inlet of the vehicle side centrifugal fan is communicated with an inner cavity of the vehicle side dust collecting box, an air outlet of the vehicle side centrifugal fan is communicated with an inner cavity of the vehicle side pressure equalizing box, a U-shaped air curtain opening is formed in the side, facing the railway vehicle, of the vehicle side pressure equalizing box, and a U-shaped opening of the U-shaped air curtain opening is formed in the direction facing the vehicle bottom. Therefore, a set of vehicle side centrifugal fan is adopted to realize dust collection and a vehicle side air curtain wall, the structure is simple, the equipment manufacturing cost is low, and a uniform air curtain is formed by utilizing the air volume of an outlet of the centrifugal fan, so that dirt and dust generated in the blowing process are effectively sealed, and the dirt and dust are prevented from being diffused in an operation area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of rail vehicle maintenance equipment, and in particular to a rail vehicle side blowing and dust collection device. Background Art

[0002] During long-term operation, rail transit trains are prone to adsorbing or attaching dust on the roadbed. The long-term accumulation of dirt will affect the operation of the undercarriage equipment and thus affect the safety of the train.

[0003] In order to solve the problems of high labor intensity, low efficiency and serious environmental pollution in the working area caused by manual cleaning operations, Chinese utility model patent CN221068017U discloses an intelligent cleaning and dust removal system for urban rail trains. Two car-side cleaning and dust removal robots are arranged on both sides of the train track bridge, and the air intake end of each car-side cleaning and dust removal robot is arranged towards the car-bottom cleaning robot. The exhaust end of each car-side cleaning and dust removal robot is connected to the external atmosphere. In this scheme, dust removal units are respectively provided at both ends of the car-side air compressor. A dust shield is provided on the front side of the dust removal unit, and an air curtain unit is provided on the outside of the dust shield. The cleaning and dust removal robots distributed on the car-side suck the dust-laden gas into the body for filtration, and discharge the filtered air at positive pressure through the air outlet area distributed at the edge of the car-side cleaning and dust removal robot, forming an air curtain wall to prevent dust from overflowing from the workspace, thereby improving the working environment of the rail train cleaning operation.

[0004] However, this solution achieves dust collection through two sets of dust removal units and two air curtain units, and the equipment cost is relatively high; on the other hand, it is difficult for the dust cover to fit completely with the body of the rail vehicle, and the air curtain units installed on both sides cannot prevent the dust from overflowing from the top of the dust cover. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the utility model provides a rail vehicle side blowing and dust collecting device to solve the problem that the existing technical equipment has a high cost and cannot prevent the dust from overflowing from above the dust cover.

[0006] The utility model provides a rail vehicle side blowing and dust collecting device, comprising a vehicle side trolley chassis, on which is provided:

[0007] The vehicle-side air compressor assembly includes a vehicle-side air compressor and a vehicle-side air storage tank, wherein the high-pressure air generated by the vehicle-side air compressor is stored in the vehicle-side air storage tank;

[0008] The vehicle side dust box assembly includes a vehicle side dust box and a vehicle side centrifugal fan. The vehicle side dust box is provided with a vehicle side dust suction port on the side wall facing the rail vehicle. The air inlet of the vehicle side centrifugal fan is connected to the inner cavity of the vehicle side dust box. The vehicle side dust box is provided with a vehicle side air filter cartridge.

[0009] a purge robot, provided with a spray gun, the spray gun being connected to the vehicle-side gas tank;

[0010] The vehicle side dust collecting box is provided with a vehicle side equalizing pressure box, the air outlet of the vehicle side centrifugal fan is connected with the inner cavity of the vehicle side equalizing pressure box, and the vehicle side equalizing pressure box is provided with a U-shaped air curtain opening on the side facing the rail vehicle, and the U-shaped opening of the U-shaped air curtain opening is arranged towards the bottom of the vehicle.

[0011] The above-mentioned rail vehicle side purge dust collection device utilizes a set of side centrifugal fans to achieve dust collection and a side wind curtain wall. It features a simple structure and low equipment cost. Furthermore, by directing the centrifugal fan's outlet air volume into a pressure equalizing box, a uniform airflow field is created. A continuous air curtain is formed between the purge trolley and the train body through the air curtain outlet, effectively trapping dust generated during the purge process and preventing it from spreading within the operating area.

[0012] In the above technical solution, preferably, the vehicle-side centrifugal fan is fixed to the side of the vehicle-side dust box, and its air inlet is connected to the inner cavity of the vehicle-side dust box.

[0013] In the above technical solution, preferably, the inner cavity of the vehicle-side pressure equalizing box is divided into a vehicle-side pressure equalizing chamber and a vehicle-side air curtain chamber. The vehicle-side pressure equalizing chamber is provided with a plurality of pressure equalizing air outlets, the pressure equalizing air outlets being connected to the vehicle-side air curtain chamber, the air outlet of the vehicle-side centrifugal fan being connected to the vehicle-side pressure equalizing chamber, and the U-shaped air curtain outlet being provided on the side wall of the vehicle-side air curtain chamber facing the rail vehicle. By integrating the vehicle-side pressure equalizing chamber into the vehicle-side pressure equalizing box, a uniform U-shaped air curtain wall is formed, effectively preventing the overflow of dust.

[0014] In the above technical solution, a dry ice cleaning assembly is also included, and the dry ice cleaning assembly includes:

[0015] An ice mixing roller is rotatably disposed within a housing of the ice mixing roller. A high-pressure air inlet and a high-pressure air outlet are respectively provided on two opposite side walls of the housing of the ice mixing roller in a radial direction of the ice mixing roller. The high-pressure air inlet is connected to the vehicle-side air storage tank via an input pipe, and the high-pressure air outlet is connected to the spray gun via an output pipe.

[0016] The dry ice hopper has a shell of the ice mixing roller fixed on the vehicle side trolley chassis, with an upper end open, and a lower end outlet of the dry ice hopper facing the open end of the shell of the ice mixing roller.

[0017] This solution uses solid dry ice particles to quickly cool the contaminants. Under the collision of airflow and dry ice particles, the contaminants will automatically fall off the workpiece surface. It has a more efficient cleaning effect than high-pressure air and high-pressure water cleaning, and there is no secondary pollution, and the equipment is highly safe.

[0018] In the above technical solution, preferably, a vehicle-side back-blowing nozzle is provided above each vehicle-side air filter cartridge, and the vehicle-side back-blowing nozzle is connected to the vehicle-side air storage tank for back-blowing cleaning of the vehicle-side air filter cartridge, thereby improving filtration efficiency and extending service life.

[0019] In the above technical solution, preferably, a groove is provided on the outer wall of the vehicle side dust box facing the rail vehicle, the base of the cleaning robot is fixed in the groove, and the vehicle side dust suction port is arranged on the dust box body on both sides of the groove.

[0020] In the above technical solution, preferably, a pull-out vehicle-side dust collection drawer is provided below the vehicle-side air filter cartridge to facilitate the handling of collected dust.

[0021] In the above technical solution, preferably, the ice mixing roller is cylindrical, and a plurality of pits are provided on the outer circumference thereof.

[0022] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the rail vehicle side purge dust collection device provided by the present invention solves the problem of high cost of existing equipment and inability to prevent dust from overflowing from above the dust cover. Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] A set of car-side centrifugal fans is used to collect dust and create a side wind curtain wall, resulting in a simple structure and low equipment cost. Furthermore, the centrifugal fan's outlet air volume forms a continuous air curtain between the purge trolley and the train body, effectively trapping dust generated during the purge process and preventing it from spreading within the operating area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces and explains the drawings required for the embodiments of the present invention or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive work.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the rail vehicle side blowing and dust collection device provided by the utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The internal structure diagram of the vehicle side blowing and dust collecting device is shown;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle side dust box assembly of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The exploded structural diagram of the vehicle side dust box assembly is shown;

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the hidden back panel of the vehicle side blowing and dust collection device;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the vehicle side dust collection box in the utility model;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the dry ice cleaning component of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the dry ice cleaning component in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In order to more clearly explain and illustrate the technical solution and implementation of the present invention, several preferred specific embodiments for implementing the technical solution of the present invention are introduced below.

[0035] It should be noted that the directional words such as "inside, outside", "front, back" and "left, right" in this article are expressed based on the product usage status. Obviously, the use of the corresponding directional words does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this scheme.

[0036] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a rail vehicle side blowing and dust collection device 500 including a vehicle side trolley chassis 510 , on which a vehicle side air compressor assembly 520 , a vehicle side dust collection box assembly 530 , a blowing robot 540 , a dry ice cleaning assembly 550 and a vehicle side pressure equalizing box 560 are provided.

[0037] In actual application of the present application, the vehicle side trolley chassis 510 is set on the side track of the rail vehicle side blowing and dust collection system, and can move along the side track to perform blowing and dust collection.

[0038] The vehicle-side air compressor assembly 520 generates high-pressure air for use by the cleaning robot 540. Furthermore, the high-pressure air generated by the vehicle-side air compressor assembly 520 is also supplied to the vehicle-side dust box assembly 530 for backflush cleaning. Specifically, the vehicle-side air compressor assembly 520 comprises a vehicle-side air compressor and a vehicle-side air tank. The high-pressure air generated by the vehicle-side air compressor is stored in the vehicle-side air tank.

[0039] The vehicle side dust box assembly 530 is used to collect the dust blown down by the cleaning robot 540. Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 As shown, the vehicle-side dust box assembly 530 includes a vehicle-side dust box 531 and a vehicle-side centrifugal fan 532. The air inlet of the vehicle-side centrifugal fan 532 is connected to the inner cavity of the vehicle-side dust box 531, which is used to generate negative pressure in the inner cavity of the vehicle-side dust box 531. Specifically, the side wall of the vehicle-side dust box 531 is provided with an opening connected to the air inlet of the vehicle-side centrifugal fan 532.

[0040] A vehicle-side air filter cartridge 533 is provided in the vehicle-side dust box 531 , and a plurality of vehicle-side air filter cartridges 533 may be provided.

[0041] A groove 534 is formed on the outer wall of the vehicle-side dust box 531, facing the rail vehicle. The base of the purge robot 540 is fixed within the groove 534 of the vehicle-side dust box assembly 530. The purge robot 540 can be a five-degree-of-freedom robot structure. Its mechanical arm is equipped with a spray gun 541, which can be adjusted in various directions to reach every corner of the rail vehicle's underbody.

[0042] On the vehicle-side dust collection box on both sides of the groove 534, vehicle-side dust suction ports 535 are respectively provided in the direction toward the rail vehicle. The vehicle-side centrifugal fan 532 operates to generate negative pressure in the inner cavity of the vehicle-side dust collection box 531, and the dirty dust blown down from the rail vehicle is sucked into the vehicle-side dust collection box 531 through the vehicle-side dust suction ports 535, and filtered through the vehicle-side air filter cartridge 533, and the dirty dust adheres to the filter element of the vehicle-side air filter cartridge 533.

[0043] A vehicle-side back-blowing nozzle is provided above each vehicle-side air filter cartridge 533, and the vehicle-side back-blowing nozzle is connected to the vehicle-side air storage tank for back-blowing and cleaning the vehicle-side air filter cartridge 533 with high-pressure gas. A pull-out vehicle-side dust collection drawer 536 is provided below the vehicle-side air filter cartridge 533, and the dust blown back falls into the vehicle-side dust collection drawer 536. When a certain amount of dust accumulates in the vehicle-side dust collection drawer 536, the vehicle-side dust collection drawer 536 can be pulled out and dumped.

[0044] The vehicle-side pressure equalizing box 560 is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the vehicle-side dust collecting box 531. The vehicle-side pressure equalizing box 560 is connected to the air outlet of the vehicle-side centrifugal fan 532. The vehicle-side pressure equalizing box 560 is provided with a U-shaped air curtain opening 561 on the side facing the rail vehicle. The U-shaped opening of the U-shaped air curtain opening 561 is set toward the bottom of the vehicle to form an air curtain surrounding the top and the left and right sides. When the vehicle-side centrifugal fan 532 exhausts the vehicle-side dust collecting box 531, the exhausted air enters the vehicle-side pressure equalizing box 560 and is blown out from the U-shaped air curtain opening 561 to form a U-shaped air curtain, which blocks the blown dust in the air curtain to avoid causing pollution to the working environment.

[0045] In order to ensure the uniformity of the overall air volume of the U-shaped air curtain and improve the blocking effect, such as Figure 6 As shown, in the present application, the inner cavity of the vehicle-side pressure equalizing box 560 is divided into a vehicle-side pressure equalizing chamber 562 and a vehicle-side wind curtain chamber 563. The vehicle-side pressure equalizing chamber 562 is provided with a plurality of pressure equalizing air outlets 564. The pressure equalizing air outlets 564 are connected to the vehicle-side wind curtain chamber 563. The air outlet of the vehicle-side centrifugal fan 532 is connected to the vehicle-side pressure equalizing chamber 562. The U-shaped wind curtain port 561 is arranged on the side wall of the vehicle-side wind curtain chamber 563 facing the rail vehicle.

[0046] like Figure 5 As shown, an adjustment plate 565 is slidably provided on each pressure-equalizing air outlet 564 , and the size of the pressure-equalizing air outlet 564 can be adjusted by the adjustment plate 565 , thereby achieving pressure-equalizing output.

[0047] Among them, corresponding positions on the back panels of the vehicle-side dust collecting box 531 and the vehicle-side pressure equalizing box 560 are provided with detachable door panels for realizing the pulling and pulling of the vehicle-side dust collecting drawer 536, the adjustment of the adjustment plate 565, and the replacement and maintenance of the filter cartridge.

[0048] Existing rail transit train purge systems primarily use high-pressure air as the purge medium, using high-pressure air jets to remove dust and dirt from equipment surfaces. However, this method has the following disadvantages:

[0049] (1) Limited cleaning effect: The cleaning power of high-pressure air blowing is low and cannot effectively remove oil stains and sticky impurities with strong adhesion, especially in the complex structural areas at the bottom of the vehicle, where the cleaning effect is even more limited.

[0050] (2) Redispersion of dust and impurities: High-pressure air blowing can move dust and dirt from one area to another, causing secondary contamination. In addition, tiny particles in the air may reattach to the surface of the equipment, affecting the cleaning effect.

[0051] (3) Environmental pollution and health hazards: Due to the large amount of dust generated, the purging process may have an impact on the surrounding environment and the health of workers, especially in a closed purging warehouse where the dust concentration is high and there are safety hazards.

[0052] In order to further improve the cleaning effect of the train bottom, this application adds a dry ice cleaning component 550, and proposes to use dry ice as the cleaning medium. Using a cleaning robot and high-pressure air, the dry ice is sprayed onto the surface of the parts. Due to the huge difference in the expansion coefficient between the parts and the dust, the dirt attached to the surface of the parts will collapse, thereby improving the cleaning effect.

[0053] like Figure 2 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 As shown, the dry ice cleaning assembly includes a dry ice hopper 551 and an ice mixing roller 552. The shell of the ice mixing roller 552 is fixed to the vehicle side trolley chassis 510, with the upper end open. The lower end outlet of the dry ice hopper 551 is arranged to face the open end of the shell of the ice mixing roller 552. The ice mixing roller 552 is driven to rotate within the shell by a drive motor 553.

[0054] The ice mixing roller 552 is cylindrical, and a plurality of recesses 5521 are formed on its outer circumference.

[0055] A high-pressure air inlet and outlet are provided on two opposing sidewalls of the ice mixing roller 552's housing, along its radial direction. The high-pressure air inlet is connected to the vehicle-side air tank via an input pipe, while the high-pressure air outlet is connected to the spray gun 541 via an output pipe. During the purge operation, dry ice from the dry ice hopper 551 falls into the recess 5521 on the ice mixing roller 552. As the ice mixing roller 552 rotates, it is carried by the high-pressure air to the spray gun 541. The spray gun 541 sprays solid dry ice particles onto the surface of the rail vehicle, rapidly cooling contaminants, particularly oil contaminants, which become brittle due to the sudden drop in temperature. Due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients, the contaminants automatically break off due to the collision between the airflow and the dry ice particles.

[0056] This approach has the following advantages:

[0057] 1) Excellent cleaning effect: Dry ice blasting can penetrate deep into complex equipment structures, remove stubborn oil stains and sediments, and provide a more efficient cleaning effect than high-pressure air and high-pressure water cleaning.

[0058] 2) No secondary pollution: Dry ice sublimates directly during the purge process, leaving no residue and generating no secondary pollutants such as moisture and dust, ensuring the cleanliness of the equipment surface and environment.

[0059] 3) High equipment safety: Dry ice purging does not produce moisture, thus eliminating the risk of short circuit in electrical equipment and causing no wear or erosion on the surface of the equipment, thereby increasing the service life and operational reliability of the equipment.

[0060] 4) Reduce manual operation: Dry ice purging can be automated, reducing dependence on manual cleaning, improving work efficiency, and reducing the risks and costs of manual operation.

[0061] Based on the description of the above specific embodiments, the rail vehicle side blowing and dust collection device provided by the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0062] First, a set of vehicle side centrifugal fans is used to achieve dust collection and vehicle side wind curtain wall, which has a simple structure and low equipment cost.

[0063] Second, by directing the fan's outlet air volume into the pressure equalizing box, a uniform airflow field is formed. Through the air curtain outlet, a continuous air curtain is formed between the purge trolley and the train body. This air curtain effectively seals the dust generated during the purge process, preventing it from spreading within the operating area.

[0064] Third, the inner cavity of the vehicle side pressure equalizing box is divided into a vehicle side pressure equalizing cavity and a vehicle side wind curtain cavity. The vehicle side pressure equalizing cavity is provided with multiple pressure equalizing air outlets connected to the vehicle side wind curtain cavity. The vehicle side pressure equalizing cavity is used to perform pressure equalization on the positive pressure air of the wind curtain generated by the vehicle side centrifugal fan, so that the wind curtain blown out from the U-shaped wind curtain outlet is evenly distributed as a whole, thereby improving the blocking effect of the wind curtain wall.

[0065] Fourth, solid dry ice pellets are used to rapidly cool contaminants, transforming them from sticky to brittle in the sudden drop in temperature. Due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients, the airflow and the collision of dry ice pellets cause contaminants to automatically break off the workpiece surface. This provides a more efficient cleaning effect than high-pressure air and water cleaning, without secondary contamination, and with high equipment safety.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the terms "comprise," "include," or any other variations thereof, as used herein, are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.

[0067] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned optimal implementation mode. Anyone should be aware of the structural changes made under the inspiration of the present invention. Any structural changes with the same or similar technical solutions as the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rail vehicle side blowing and dust collection device, comprising a vehicle side trolley chassis, characterized in that: The vehicle side trolley chassis is provided with; The vehicle-side air compressor assembly includes a vehicle-side air compressor and a vehicle-side air storage tank, wherein the high-pressure air generated by the vehicle-side air compressor is stored in the vehicle-side air storage tank; The vehicle side dust box assembly includes a vehicle side dust box and a vehicle side centrifugal fan. The vehicle side dust box is provided with a vehicle side dust suction port on the side wall facing the rail vehicle. The air inlet of the vehicle side centrifugal fan is connected to the inner cavity of the vehicle side dust box. The vehicle side dust box is provided with a vehicle side air filter cartridge. a purge robot, provided with a spray gun, the spray gun being connected to the vehicle-side gas tank; The vehicle side dust collecting box is provided with a vehicle side equalizing pressure box, the air outlet of the vehicle side centrifugal fan is connected with the inner cavity of the vehicle side equalizing pressure box, and the vehicle side equalizing pressure box is provided with a U-shaped air curtain opening on the side facing the rail vehicle, and the U-shaped opening of the U-shaped air curtain opening is arranged towards the bottom of the vehicle.

2. The rail vehicle side blowing and dust collecting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle-side centrifugal fan is fixed to the side of the vehicle-side dust collecting box, and the air inlet thereof is communicated with the inner cavity of the vehicle-side dust collecting box.

3. The rail vehicle side blowing and dust collecting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the vehicle-side pressure equalizing box is divided into a vehicle-side pressure equalizing cavity and a vehicle-side air curtain cavity. The vehicle-side pressure equalizing cavity is provided with a plurality of pressure equalizing air outlets. The pressure equalizing air outlets are connected with the vehicle-side air curtain cavity. The air outlet of the vehicle-side centrifugal fan is connected with the vehicle-side pressure equalizing cavity. The U-shaped air curtain outlet is arranged on the side wall of the vehicle-side air curtain cavity facing the rail vehicle.

4. The rail vehicle side blowing and dust collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is a dry ice cleaning assembly, the dry ice cleaning assembly comprising: An ice mixing roller is rotatably disposed within a housing of the ice mixing roller. A high-pressure air inlet and a high-pressure air outlet are respectively provided on two opposite side walls of the housing of the ice mixing roller in a radial direction of the ice mixing roller. The high-pressure air inlet is connected to the vehicle-side air storage tank via an input pipe, and the high-pressure air outlet is connected to the spray gun via an output pipe. The dry ice hopper has a shell of the ice mixing roller fixed on the vehicle side trolley chassis, with an upper end open, and a lower end outlet of the dry ice hopper facing the open end of the shell of the ice mixing roller.

5. The rail vehicle side blowing and dust collecting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vehicle-side back-blowing nozzle is provided above each vehicle-side air filter cartridge, and the vehicle-side back-blowing nozzle is connected to the vehicle-side air storage tank for back-blowing and cleaning the vehicle-side air filter cartridge.

6. The rail vehicle side blowing and dust collecting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A groove is provided on the outer wall of the vehicle side dust collecting box on the side facing the rail vehicle, the base of the cleaning robot is fixed in the groove, and the vehicle side dust suction port is arranged on the dust collecting box body on both sides of the groove.

7. The rail vehicle side blowing and dust collecting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pull-out vehicle-side dust collection drawer is provided below the vehicle-side air filter cartridge.

8. The rail vehicle side blowing and dust collecting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ice mixing roller is cylindrical, and a plurality of pits are arranged on the outer circumference thereof.

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