Solar water-salt separation device working at full illumination angle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a solar water-salt separation device working at a full illumination angle, which comprises an upper half circular photo-thermal evaporation water-salt separation unit and a lower half water-salt collection unit which are supported and connected through a bracket, the device specifically comprises a saline water supply pump, a saline water supply pipe, a flow divider, an evaporation surface, a light-transmitting condensation top cover, a high-salinity wastewater collection tank, a high-salinity wastewater outlet, a salt lifting rope, a salt collection box, a purified water collection tank, a purified water outlet and a water taking rope. During working, solid salt and purified water can be obtained at different positions only through solar energy. The device can work at a full-illumination angle, greatly improves the solar photo-thermal conversion efficiency and condensation efficiency, and is suitable for the fields of seawater / salt lake water desalination, salt extraction, high-salinity wastewater desalination and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the fields of seawater / salt lake water desalination, salt extraction, and high-salt wastewater desalination, and in particular to a solar seawater desalination device operating at all illumination angles. Background Art

[0002] Currently, there are two main technological approaches for desalination of seawater and high-salinity chemical wastewater: heat-driven evaporation, such as low-temperature multi-effect evaporation for seawater desalination and triple-effect thermal evaporation for high-salinity wastewater; and pressure-driven membrane desalination, such as reverse osmosis. Both desalination technologies require significant amounts of high-quality thermal or electrical energy and are highly dependent on large-scale energy infrastructure for their deployment. The resulting higher-salinity wastewater discharge, in particular, has a significant impact on the aquatic ecosystem. Solar-powered zero-salinity wastewater discharge technology is an inevitable choice in the context of the "dual carbon" and "two mountains" initiatives.

[0003] In recent years, a new solar thermal interfacial evaporation desalination technology has become a hot topic in the field of seawater desalination due to its high solar conversion efficiency and rate several times higher than natural evaporation. This interfacial evaporation technology eliminates the need to heat a large volume of water as a whole, only heating a small amount of water at the surface, significantly improving the evaporation rate and solar thermal efficiency. However, existing solar interfacial evaporation devices reported in the literature generally use capillary self-adsorption water supply and planar / cylindrical evaporation designs. These issues include an inability to track sunlight angles, salt blockage, and low condensation efficiency due to the transparent top cover, limiting their practical application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a solar water-salt separation device which can realize complete separation and extraction of water and salt and works at all illumination angles.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: comprising an upper photothermal evaporation water-salt separation unit and a lower salt collection box connected by a collection tray;

[0006] The collecting tray is provided with a high-salt wastewater collecting tank with a high-salt wastewater outlet and a clean water collecting tank with a clean water outlet from the inside to the outside, and the high-salt wastewater outlet of the high-salt wastewater collecting tank is connected to the salt collecting box, and the clean water collecting tank is located outside the salt collecting box;

[0007] The upper circular photothermal evaporation water-salt separation unit includes a conical evaporator installed from the inside out on the high-salt wastewater collection tank and a light-transmitting condensation top cover installed on the clean water collection tank;

[0008] A brine water supply pump is installed in the brine supply source, and the brine water supply pump is connected to a diverter arranged at the top end of the conical evaporator through a brine water supply pipe.

[0009] The collecting tray is made of heat-insulating material.

[0010] The cone angle of the conical evaporator is 30-120 degrees. The evaporation surface of the conical evaporator is made of hydrophilic and light-absorbing fiber cloth, and the interior of the cone is filled with heat-insulating material.

[0011] The material of the light-transmitting condensation top cover is glass or plastic that is full-spectrum light-transmitting, and the distance between the conical evaporator and the light-transmitting condensation top cover is 4-20 cm.

[0012] A salt-lifting rope made of a fiber rope with good hydrophilicity is wound in the high-salt wastewater collection tank. The salt-lifting rope is led out from the high-salt wastewater outlet and hangs down into the salt collection box.

[0013] A water intake rope made of a fiber rope with good hydrophilicity is coiled in the clean water collecting tank, and the water intake rope is led out from the clean water outlet.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. Compared with existing thermal and membrane desalination technologies, this utility model only uses solar energy as the driving energy, which greatly reduces energy consumption costs and carbon emissions.

[0016] 2. Solar interfacial evaporation devices reported in existing literature generally use capillary self-adsorption water supply schemes, which can easily lead to salt blockage caused by insufficient water supply. This device uses an active automatic water supply rate to match the evaporation rate with the water supply, effectively removing salt ions accumulated on the evaporation surface and allowing supersaturated high-salinity wastewater to flow to a specific location for crystallization. This effectively prevents salt blockage and reduces heat loss, achieving complete water-salt separation and extraction, and achieving the goal of zero high-salinity wastewater discharge driven by solar energy. The salt generated by seawater desalination and desalination of high-salinity chemical wastewater can be further used as a raw material for products such as refined salt and de-icing agents.

[0017] 3. Existing solar interface evaporation devices reported in the literature generally use flat / cylindrical evaporation schemes, which are not conducive to fully absorbing all-day sunlight. This device is designed with a conical evaporation surface that matches the regional solar angle to the full sunlight angle. This maximizes the use of all-day sunlight, increasing the evaporation rate; it also facilitates the downward flow of high-salinity wastewater; and it creates naturally high and low temperature zones between the illuminated and unilluminated sides of the conical evaporation surface, which facilitates steam condensation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0019] Among them: 1-brine water supply pump, 2-brine water supply pipe, 3-diverter, 4-conical evaporator, 5-transparent condensation top cover, 6-high-salt wastewater collection tank, 7-high-salt wastewater outlet, 8-salt lifting rope, 9-salt collection box, 10-clean water collection tank, 11-clean water outlet, 12-water intake rope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The structural principle and working principle of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] See also Figure 1 , the utility model comprises an upper photothermal evaporation water-salt separation unit and a lower salt collection box 9 connected by a collecting tray;

[0022] The collecting tray is made of a heat-insulating material and is provided with a high-salt wastewater collecting tank 6 with a high-salt wastewater outlet 7 and a clean water collecting tank 10 with a clean water outlet 11 from the inside out. The high-salt wastewater outlet 7 of the high-salt wastewater collecting tank 6 is connected to a salt collecting tank 9, and the clean water collecting tank 10 is located outside the salt collecting tank 9. A salt-lifting rope 8 made of a hydrophilic fiber rope is wound inside the high-salt wastewater collecting tank 6, and the salt-lifting rope 8 is led out from the high-salt wastewater outlet 7 and hangs down into the salt collecting tank 9. A water-intake rope 12 made of a hydrophilic fiber rope is wound inside the clean water collecting tank 10, and the water-intake rope 12 is led out from the clean water outlet 11.

[0023] The circular photothermal evaporation water-salt separation unit in the upper part includes a conical evaporator 4 installed from the inside out on the high-salt wastewater collection tank 6 and a light-transmitting condensation top cover 5 installed on the clean water collection tank 10. The cone angle of the conical evaporator 4 is 30-120°, the evaporation surface of the conical evaporator 4 is made of hydrophilic and light-absorbing fiber cloth, and the inside of the cone is filled with insulation material; the material of the light-transmitting condensation top cover 5 is full-spectrum transparent glass or plastic, and the distance between the conical evaporator 4 and the light-transmitting condensation top cover 5 is 4-20 cm;

[0024] A brine water supply pump 1 is installed in the brine supply source, and the brine water supply pump 1 is connected to a diverter 3 arranged at the top of a conical evaporator 4 through a brine water supply pipe 2.

[0025] The brine water supply pump 1 of the present invention can adjust the brine water supply rate in real time according to the light intensity and temperature, so as to match the water supply and evaporation rate, prevent salt blockage and reduce heat loss. The diverter 3 can adjust the water supply distribution ratio to different areas according to the position of the light-receiving surface of the conical evaporation surface 4. The conical light-receiving surface distributes a large amount of brine, and the backlight surface distributes a small amount. The light-receiving surface of the light-transmitting condensation top cover 5 is a light-transmitting area, and the backlight surface serves as a low-temperature condensation area, naturally generating high and low temperature partitions. The salt-lifting rope 8 is provided to facilitate the adsorption of brine and salt crystallization, and to promptly discharge the high-salt wastewater from the high-salt wastewater collection tank 6. The water-taking rope 12 is convenient for adsorbing water and promptly discharging the water from the clean water collection tank 10.

[0026] During operation, the brine supply pump 1 delivers brine from the brine supply source via the brine supply pipe 2 to the diverter 3. The diverter 3 distributes the brine to the conical evaporator 4. Solar light passes through the light-transmitting condensation cover 5, heating the evaporation surface of the conical evaporator 4 and driving the evaporation of the brine. As the brine on the evaporation surface of the conical evaporator 4 evaporates, it produces brine of higher concentration, which flows downstream as high-salt wastewater. Salt solids collection: The high-salt wastewater collects in the circular high-salt wastewater collection tank 6 below the conical evaporator 4. It is then adsorbed by the salt lifting rope 8 surrounding the high-salt wastewater collection tank 6 and flows through the high-salt wastewater outlet 7 to the salt collection tank 9. During this process, the high-salt wastewater is further concentrated, precipitating salt solids. The moist salt solids can be recovered in the salt lifting rope 8 and the salt collection tank 9. Purified water acquisition: The steam generated by the evaporation surface of the conical evaporator 4 is liquefied after encountering the light-transmitting condensation top cover 5, and flows down to the purified water collection tank 10, is adsorbed by the water intake rope 12 surrounding the purified water collection tank 10, and is discharged and collected through the purified water outlet 11.

Claims

1. A solar water-salt separation device operating at all illumination angles, characterized by: It includes an upper photothermal evaporation water-salt separation unit and a lower salt collection box (9) connected by a collecting plate; The collecting tray is provided with a high-salt wastewater collecting tank (6) with a high-salt wastewater outlet (7) and a clean water collecting tank (10) with a clean water outlet (11) from the inside to the outside, and the high-salt wastewater outlet (7) of the high-salt wastewater collecting tank (6) is connected to the salt collecting box (9), and the clean water collecting tank (10) is located outside the salt collecting box (9); The upper photothermal evaporation water-salt separation unit comprises a conical evaporator (4) installed from the inside out on a high-salt wastewater collection tank (6) and a light-transmitting condensation top cover (5) installed on a clean water collection tank (10); A brine water supply pump (1) is installed in the brine supply source, and the brine water supply pump (1) is connected to a diverter (3) arranged at the top of a conical evaporator (4) through a brine water supply pipe (2).

2. The solar water-salt separation device operating at all illumination angles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collecting tray is made of heat-insulating material.

3. The solar water-salt separation device operating at all illumination angles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cone angle of the conical evaporator (4) is 30-120 degrees, the evaporation surface of the conical evaporator (4) is made of hydrophilic and light-absorbing fiber cloth, and the interior of the cone is filled with heat-insulating material.

4. The solar water-salt separation device operating at all illumination angles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the light-transmitting condensation top cover (5) is glass or plastic that is full-spectrum light-transmitting, and the distance between the conical evaporator (4) and the light-transmitting condensation top cover (5) is 4-20 cm.

5. The solar water-salt separation device operating at all illumination angles according to claim 1, characterized in that: A salt-lifting rope (8) made of hydrophilic fiber rope is wound in the high-salt wastewater collection tank (6). The salt-lifting rope (8) is drawn out from the high-salt wastewater outlet (7) and hangs down into the salt collection box (9).

6. The solar water-salt separation device operating at all illumination angles according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water intake rope (12) made of a fiber rope with good hydrophilicity is wound in the clean water collecting tank (10), and the water intake rope (12) is led out from the clean water outlet (11).

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