Split type microwave radiometer

Abstract

The utility model provides a split type microwave radiometer and a K wave band receiver. The K-band data acquisition controller is in data connection with the K-band receiver and is used for receiving and storing the data collected by the K-band receiver; a V-band receiver; the V-waveband data acquisition controller is in data connection with the V-waveband receiver and is used for receiving and storing the data collected by the K-waveband receiver; and the antenna feeder assembly is detachably connected with the K-band receiver or the V-band receiver and is used for receiving or transmitting a radiation signal. The improved receiver is split and miniaturized, so that the receiver is more convenient to carry, the split receiver is more convenient to travel and carry in some measurement research on one of the K wave band and the V wave band, and if parts are damaged, the K wave band and the V wave band do not interfere with each other after being split and can work independently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention generally relates to the field of atmospheric remote sensing, and in particular to a split-type microwave radiometer. Background Art

[0002] A microwave radiometer is an instrument used to measure the radiation characteristics of a target object in the microwave frequency band. Specifically, it is a ground-based microwave radiometer that passively receives microwave signals from atmospheric radiation transmitted at various altitudes to determine changes in atmospheric temperature and humidity. It plays an important role in detecting small and medium-scale weather phenomena such as storms, lightning, heavy rainfall, fog, freezing, and boundary layer turbulence. Ground-based microwave radiometers have important applications in measuring temperature, humidity, and liquid water in tropospheric profiles, weather and climate modeling, satellite tracking, wet / dry delay and humidity profiles, nowcasting atmospheric stability (for severe weather detection), temperature inversion detection, fog and air pollution detection, absolute calibration of cloud radar, and wet / dry delay correction. They have become a key detection method alongside sounding balloon rain radar.

[0003] The existing microwave radiometer body is equipped with a receiving part for receiving K band and a receiving part for receiving V band, which makes the overall body large and heavy. In some cases where only one of the K band and V band needs to be measured and studied, the inseparable body becomes redundant due to the complex internal structure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] According to the present invention, in view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, a split microwave radiometer is provided, comprising: a K-band receiver; a K-band data acquisition controller, which is data-connected to the K-band receiver and is used to receive and store data collected by the K-band receiver; a V-band receiver; a V-band data acquisition controller, which is data-connected to the V-band receiver and is used to receive and store data collected by the K-band receiver; and an antenna feed assembly, which is detachably connected to the K-band receiver or the V-band receiver and is used to collect microwave radiation signals from the external environment and transmit the microwave radiation signals to the K-band receiver or the V-band receiver. With the above technical features, the antenna feed component receives the microwave radiation signal from the external environment and transmits the signal to the K-band receiver or the V-band receiver for processing and translation, and then stores it through the K-band data acquisition controller or the V-band data acquisition controller. Compared with the original integrated body of the K-band and V-band, the improved receiver is split and miniaturized, which is not only more convenient to carry, but also for some people who only need to conduct measurement and research on one of the K-band and V-band, the split receiver is also more convenient to travel and carry. Moreover, if the components are damaged, the K-band and V-band will not interfere with each other after being separated and can work independently.

[0005] In some embodiments, the K-band data acquisition controller is data-connected to the V-band data acquisition controller. Thus, the antenna assembly can be fixed to the K-band receiver or the V-band receiver, and the K-band data acquisition controller and the V-band data acquisition controller can communicate with each other to analyze the radiation signal in different bands.

[0006] In some embodiments, the antenna feed assembly includes a feed horn and a lens antenna. One end of the feed horn is configured to be removably and fixedly connected to the K-band receiver or the V-band receiver; the other end of the feed horn is interconnected with the lens antenna. Thus, a lens antenna is an antenna that uses a lens to focus or collimate electromagnetic waves, and a feed horn is a device used to transmit electromagnetic wave energy from a transmission line or waveguide to an antenna or other radio frequency device. The lens antenna and feed horn work together to ultimately collect and transmit microwave signals.

[0007] In some embodiments, the antenna feed assembly further comprises: a curved waveguide, one end of which is detachably fixedly connected to the K-band receiver or the V-band receiver; and the other end of which is detachably fixedly connected to the feed horn. Thus, in a microwave system, the curved waveguide primarily serves to change the propagation path of electromagnetic waves. It allows electromagnetic waves to bend and propagate at specific angles without changing their frequency and power, thereby meeting system layout and design requirements. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent transmission characteristics, capable of maintaining the power and frequency of electromagnetic waves even when bent. Simultaneously, it is necessary to minimize reflection and loss of electromagnetic waves at bends to improve transmission efficiency. Furthermore, because the curved waveguide may be subject to certain mechanical stresses during use, it needs to possess sufficient mechanical strength to ensure structural stability and reliability.

[0008] In some embodiments, a room-temperature microwave blackbody is interposed between the receiving end of the lens antenna. Thus, when the microwave blackbody is not covering the lens antenna, the lens antenna receives the sky radiation signal. When the microwave blackbody is covering the lens antenna, the lens antenna receives a room-temperature calibration source with a known brightness temperature. During system measurement, the microwave blackbody is periodically moved over the lens antenna to calibrate the system. This calibration enables the voltage signal output by the receiver to be accurately converted into the measured brightness temperature.

[0009] In some embodiments, the K-band data acquisition controller is connected to at least one of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, and an infrared radiometer. This allows for sensing of environmental parameters. The infrared radiometer measures cloud base temperature and can be used for data inversion and cloud base height measurement.

[0010] In some embodiments, the V-band data acquisition controller is connected to at least one of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, and an infrared radiometer. This allows for sensing of environmental parameters. The infrared radiometer measures cloud base temperature and can be used for data inversion and cloud base height measurement.

[0011] In some embodiments, the K-band data acquisition controller is connected to a computer data link, thereby enabling communication between the K-band data and the computer, and enabling the computer to perform overall calculations and processing.

[0012] In some embodiments, the V-band data acquisition controller is connected to a computer data link, thereby enabling communication between the V-band data and the computer, and enabling the computer to perform overall calculations and processing.

[0013] It should be understood that the contents described in the Summary of the Invention section are not intended to limit the key or important features of the embodiments of the present disclosure, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become readily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 The figure shows the overall structure of a split-type microwave radiometer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a split-type microwave radiometer K-type receiver provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0016] Figure 3 The figure shows a schematic structural diagram of a split microwave radiometer V-type receiver provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Explanation of symbols

[0018] 11. K-band receiver; 12. K-band data acquisition controller; 21. V-band receiver; 22. V-band data acquisition controller; 3. Antenna and feed assembly; 31. Feed horn; 32. Lens antenna; 33. Bend waveguide; 41. Temperature sensor; 42. Humidity sensor; 43. Air pressure sensor; 44. Infrared radiometer; 5. Microwave blackbody; 6. Computer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments (or implementations) of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Reference below Figure 1-Figure 3 To describe a new type of split microwave radiometer.

[0021] Figure 1The figure shows the overall structure of a split type microwave radiometer provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a split-type microwave radiometer comprising an independent K-band receiver 11 and an independent V-band receiver 21. The K-band receiver 11 is connected to a K-band data acquisition controller 12, while the V-band receiver 21 is connected to a V-band data acquisition controller 22. Both the K-band receiver 11 and the V-band receiver 21 are equipped with an antenna feed assembly 3 for signal reception and transmission. The split radiometer separates the receiver into a V-band receiver and a K-band receiver. For applications requiring measurement and research in only one of the K-band and V-band bands, the split receivers are more convenient for travel and portability. Furthermore, if any components are damaged, the K-band and V-band receivers remain independent of each other and can operate independently.

[0022] The K-band receiver 11 is a receiving device operating within the K-band frequency range. The K-band generally refers to the electromagnetic wave frequency range of 18-26.5 GHz. It includes an input interface, a low-noise amplifier, a filter, a mixer, an intermediate frequency amplifier, a detector, and signal processing circuitry. The connection between the K-band receiver 11 and the K-band data acquisition controller 12 is typically via a serial port, using serial communication standards such as RS-232 and RS-485. The controller receives signals transmitted by the K-band receiver 11 and conditions them for subsequent processing and analysis, or converts them, such as converting analog signals to digital signals, for easier digital processing and storage. Furthermore, through interconnection with the K-band receiver 11, it also enables device control and parameter adjustment for the K-band receiver 11. It also enables real-time analysis and processing of collected data to identify problems and take appropriate measures.

[0023] The V-band receiver 21 is a device that receives signals in the V-band frequency range. The V-band generally refers to the electromagnetic frequency range between 50 GHz and 75 GHz. It also includes an input interface, a low-noise amplifier, a filter, a mixer, an intermediate frequency amplifier, a detector, and signal processing circuitry. The connection between the V-band receiver 21 and the V-band data acquisition controller 22 is typically via a serial port, using serial communication standards such as RS-232 and RS-485. It receives signals transmitted by the V-band receiver 21 and conditions them for subsequent processing and analysis, or converts them, such as converting analog signals to digital signals, for easier digital processing and storage. Furthermore, through interconnection with the K-band receiver 11, it can also control the V-band receiver 21 and adjust its parameters. It can also perform real-time analysis and processing of collected data to identify problems and take appropriate measures.

[0024] In some embodiments, the K-band data acquisition controller 12 and the V-band data acquisition controller 22 are interconnected. Specifically, they can be connected via a serial port, allowing the data received by the K-band receiver 11 and the V-band receiver 21 to be shared, enabling real-time analysis and processing of the collected data. Furthermore, both the K-band data acquisition controller 12 and the V-band data acquisition controller 22 can be connected to a computer 6 via a serial port, allowing the computer 6 to store, analyze, and perform overall calculations on the data collected by the K-band receiver 11 and the V-band receiver 21, and to invert temperature and humidity profiles and other data relationships using a neural network.

[0025] In some embodiments, the K-band data acquisition controller 12 and the V-band data acquisition controller 22 are both connected to at least one of a temperature sensor 41, a humidity sensor 42, an air pressure sensor 43, and an infrared radiometer 44. Thus, when the K-band receiver 11 or the V-band receiver 21 is operating, it can connect to the temperature and humidity conditions of the environment through these sensors. Furthermore, the infrared radiometer 44 can be used to measure cloud base temperature, thereby participating in data inversion and measuring cloud base height, thereby cooperating with the computer 6 to perform overall calculations and analysis.

[0026] Figure 2 The figure shows a schematic structural diagram of a split-type microwave radiometer K-type receiver provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the structure of a split type microwave radiometer V-type receiver provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in actual use, the input interface of the K-band receiver 11 and the input interface of the V-band receiver 21 are provided with an antenna feed assembly 3 for receiving microwave frequencies. The antenna feed assembly 3 includes a feed horn 31 and a lens antenna 32. The front end of the feed horn 31 is used to interconnect with the input interface of the K-band receiver 11 or the V-band receiver 21, while the rear end of the feed horn 31 is interconnected with the interface end of the lens antenna 32. The connection between the feed horn 31 and the lens antenna 32 enables the transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves. Compared with traditional polarization grids as antenna feed components, the antenna feed assembly 3 has a simple structure, a controllable volume, and reduces the transmission loss caused by the polarization grid, greatly improving the efficiency of electromagnetic wave reception and transmission.

[0027] To facilitate adjustment of the microwave reception and transmission angles, a curved waveguide 33 is provided between the feed horn 31 and the input interface of the K-band receiver 11 or the V-band receiving port. One end of the curved waveguide 33 is connected to the input interface of the K-band receiver 11, and the other end of the curved waveguide 33 is connected to the front end of the feed horn 31. The curved waveguide 33 can be a right-angled bend 33 or a curved bend 33, depending on the environment, to better suit the use environment, thereby reducing the impact of environmental factors and improving the efficiency of microwave reception and transmission.

[0028] The end of the lens antenna 32 is interspersed with a room-temperature microwave blackbody 5, which can be installed at different time intervals. When the microwave blackbody 5 is not covering the lens antenna 32, the K-band receiver 11 or the V-band receiver 21 is used to receive sky radiation signals; when the microwave blackbody 5 is covering the lens antenna 32, the K-band receiver 11 or the V-band receiver 21 is used to receive a known room-temperature calibration source. During the system measurement process, the microwave blackbody 5 is periodically installed on the end of the lens antenna 32 to calibrate the system, so that the voltage signal output by the K-band receiver 11 or the V-band receiver 21 can be accurately converted into the measured brightness temperature, allowing the microwave blackbody 5 and the noise source built into the K-band receiver 11 or the V-band receiver 21 to complete the system calibration. The external cold source calibration process is performed using a four-point calibration method, measuring four voltage points: noise off when measuring cold source radiation unobstructed, noise on when measuring cold source radiation unobstructed, noise off when measuring microwave blackbody 5 obstructed, and noise on when measuring microwave blackbody 5 obstructed. Using these four sets of voltage signals, calibration values ​​such as the system noise and equivalent noise value of the noise source at each measurement frequency point for K-band receiver 11 or V-band receiver 21 are calculated.

[0029] In this specification, the terms "connect," "install," and "fix" should be understood broadly. For example, "connect" can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A split type microwave radiometer, characterized in that: include: K-band receiver (11); A K-band data acquisition controller (12) is data-connected to the K-band receiver (11) and is used to receive and store data collected by the K-band receiver (11); V-band receiver (21); A V-band data acquisition controller (22) is connected to the V-band receiver (21) for receiving and storing the data collected by the K-band receiver (11); and The antenna feed assembly (3) is detachably connected to the K-band receiver (11) or the V-band receiver (21) and is used for receiving or transmitting radiation signals.

2. A split type microwave radiometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The K-band data acquisition controller (12) is data-connected to the V-band data acquisition controller (22).

3. The split type microwave radiometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna feed assembly (3) includes a feed horn (31) and a lens antenna (32). One end of the feed horn (31) is used for detachably fixed connection with the K-band receiver (11) or the V-band receiver (21); the other end of the feed horn (31) is interconnected with the lens antenna (32).

4. A split type microwave radiometer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The antenna feed component (3) further includes: A curved waveguide (33), one end of the curved waveguide (33) is detachably fixedly connected to the K-band receiver (11) or the V-band receiver (21); and the other end of the curved waveguide (33) is detachably fixedly connected to the feed horn (31).

5. The split type microwave radiometer according to claim 3, characterized in that: A microwave black body (5) at room temperature is also spaced apart at the end of the lens antenna (32).

6. The split type microwave radiometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The K-band data acquisition controller (12) is connected to at least one of a temperature sensor (41), a humidity sensor (42), an air pressure sensor (43), and an infrared radiometer (44).

7. The split type microwave radiometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The V-band data acquisition controller (22) is connected to at least one of a temperature sensor (41), a humidity sensor (42), an air pressure sensor (43), and an infrared radiometer (44).

8. The split type microwave radiometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The K-band data acquisition controller (12) is data-connected to the computer (6).

9. The split type microwave radiometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The V-band data acquisition controller (22) is data-connected to the computer (6).

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