Special four-level architecture battery management system for ship

Abstract

The utility model discloses a special four-level architecture battery management system for ships, which comprises a first-level host control module and a second-level host control module group which are connected in sequence, each second-level host control module is connected with a voltage transfer module and a temperature transfer module group, and the voltage transfer module group is connected with the temperature transfer module group. Each voltage transfer module and temperature transfer module group is provided with a voltage acquisition module and a temperature acquisition module which are correspondingly connected, and the voltage acquisition module and the temperature acquisition module in the same voltage transfer module and temperature transfer module group are connected to the same corresponding group of battery units; the system can effectively cope with the great increase of the number of the battery packs, can improve the management efficiency, ensures the stable and efficient operation of the battery system of the large ship, and supports modularization and flexible expansion to cope with the continuous improvement of the scale and intelligent level of the ship.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a ship battery management technology, in particular to a four-level architecture battery management system dedicated to ships. Background Art

[0002] With the accelerating trend toward smarter and larger ships, the number of battery packs required to be managed by large-scale marine battery management systems has risen to dozens, hundreds, or even thousands. With such a large number of slave devices, using a traditional single master to manage them would be incapable of effectively processing the massive amount of slave data, resulting in slower communication speeds. Furthermore, single-master architectures face significant challenges in processing large amounts of data, ensuring high-precision monitoring, enabling immediate fault identification and response, and enabling flexible system upgrades and expansion. Clearly, traditional system architectures are no longer able to meet the urgent demands of modern ships for efficient, safe, and reliable battery management systems. Chinese utility model patent application number CN202023242602.8, entitled "A Distributed Topology Battery Management System," discloses a distributed topology battery management system. This system utilizes isolated SPI communication between the master and slave devices. This eliminates the need for an additional MCU and peripheral circuitry for the slave devices, nor does it require separate slave software development. This reduces hardware and software development costs while increasing system configuration flexibility. This distributed topology battery management system is competent in scenarios with a small number of battery packs, such as small cruise ships or bamboo rafts, but its management capabilities are insufficient when faced with the hundreds or thousands of battery packs in large ships. This limitation has become increasingly prominent with the booming development of the shipping industry and the increasing number of large ships. During operation, large ships often malfunction frequently due to the inability to accurately calculate the remaining battery capacity and monitor the battery status in real time. This not only affects the safe operation of the ship, but also places more stringent requirements on the architecture of the battery management system. Therefore, the development of a new architecture that can efficiently manage large-scale battery packs and monitor the battery status in real time is of great significance to promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the electric ship industry. Utility Model Content

[0003] This utility model addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a four-level battery management system specifically designed for ships. This system can effectively cope with the substantial increase in the number of battery packs, improve management efficiency, and ensure stable and efficient operation of battery systems on large ships. This system supports modularization and flexible expansion to address the continuous increase in ship size and intelligence. By utilizing distributed control and real-time monitoring, it improves battery pack reliability, safety, and performance, extends battery life, and facilitates intelligent management and flexible expansion.

[0004] The technical solution for achieving the purpose of this utility model is:

[0005] A ship-specific four-level architecture battery management system includes a primary host control module connected to external devices via CAN communication and a secondary host control module group connected to the primary host control module, wherein each secondary host control module is connected to a voltage transfer module and a temperature transfer module group, each voltage transfer module and temperature transfer module group is provided with a corresponding voltage acquisition module and temperature acquisition module, the voltage acquisition modules and temperature acquisition modules in the same voltage transfer module and temperature transfer module group are all connected to the same corresponding group of battery cells, the part of the secondary host control module not connected to the primary host control module is called a battery cluster, the external devices are power supply, charging equipment, ship communication unit, touch screen unit, alarm equipment, circuit monitoring unit, the acquisition module is connected to each battery cell for collecting battery data; the voltage transfer module and the temperature transfer module are connected to the acquisition module to store and forward the battery data collected by the acquisition module; the secondary host control module is connected to the transfer module to control the battery status through a relay, while sharing the pressure of CAN communication to ensure the orderly and stable operation of the system, the secondary The host control module is specifically responsible for collecting various battery information uploaded by the transit module, calculating the remaining capacity and health status of the battery pack, comparing the collected data with thresholds, and promptly issuing alarms for various abnormal faults, such as overcharge, over-discharge protection, and abnormal battery status, and reporting them to the primary host module. One end of the primary host module is connected to an external device and collects various battery information uploaded by the secondary host control module. It coordinates the power-up and power-down of all battery clusters, sends parallel operation instructions, and uploads all system information to external devices via communication. It interacts with external devices via CAN communication to ensure the comprehensive integration of power supply, charging, communication, and monitoring. Battery cluster power-up and power-down refer to the primary host control module's low-voltage power-up during discharge, the primary host control module's high-voltage power-up during discharge, the primary host control module's low-voltage power-down during discharge, the primary host control module's high-voltage power-down during discharge, the primary host control module's low-voltage power-up during charge, the primary host control module's high-voltage power-up during charge, the primary host control module's low-voltage power-down during charge, the secondary host control module's low-voltage power-up and power-down, the secondary host control module's charge and discharge power-up and power-down, the secondary host control module's charging control, and the secondary host control module's discharge control.

[0006] The parallel control process is as follows: The battery state of charge (SOC) of N battery clusters is sorted in order: 1, 2...i, where i≥2. The primary host control module determines the voltage value of CC2. CC2 is used to identify the connection status between the charging port and the charging gun. If connected, the voltage value of CC2 is 6V, indicating a charging state. If disconnected, the voltage value of CC2 is 12V, indicating a discharging state. In the discharging state, the battery cluster H with the highest SOC is selected, and in the charging state, the battery cluster L with the lowest SOC is selected. In the discharging state, H is compared with i, and N≥2. If (Hi) < (H*5%), then i meets the parallel conditions. In the charging state, L is compared with i, and N≥2. If (iL) < (L*5%), then i meets the parallel conditions. The primary host control module controls the battery clusters that meet the conditions to power on.

[0007] The external power supply serves as the core power source of the ship, providing a stable and reliable power supply for the entire ship system; the charging equipment is used to regulate the charging process of the battery pack to ensure efficient and safe operation of the ship; the ship's communication unit is used to receive real-time information and exchange information between ships to ensure that correct decisions can be made in a timely manner during navigation; the touch screen unit serves as a human-computer interaction interface, intuitively displaying the battery status and operating instructions; the alarm device is always vigilant and immediately issues a warning once an abnormality is detected; the circuit monitoring unit prevents potential faults and ensures the stable operation of the circuit system.

[0008] The primary host control module uses the STM32F4 series main control chip.

[0009] The secondary host control module uses the STM32F4 series main control chip.

[0010] The temperature acquisition module uses the STM32F1 series as the main control chip, which is used to collect temperature values ​​and report them to the corresponding temperature transfer module via CAN communication.

[0011] The voltage acquisition module main control chip adopts the STM32F1 series, which is used to collect voltage values ​​and report them to the corresponding voltage transfer module through CAN communication.

[0012] The number of battery packs in the battery unit is not less than 2.

[0013] The control process of the above-mentioned ship-specific four-level architecture battery management system is as follows:

[0014] 1) System power-on: Use a 24V regulated power supply to power the four-level battery management system, so that the four-level battery management system enters the working state;

[0015] 2) Data Acquisition: The voltage acquisition module is based on a built-in dedicated integrated circuit (ASIC), Panasonic's AN49503. The chip is connected to the battery cell via the measurement pins on the chip. The AN49503's high-precision ADC converter can measure the battery cell's voltage and temperature. After the measurement is completed, the conversion results are read to obtain the corresponding battery voltage and temperature values.

[0016] 3) Data reporting to the secondary host control module: The voltage acquisition module and the temperature acquisition module communicate via CAN, reporting the collected voltage and temperature values ​​to the corresponding voltage transfer module and temperature transfer module. Finally, these two transfer modules send the data to the secondary host control module;

[0017] 4) Battery Cluster Self-Test: The secondary host control module not only collects battery data but also collects information within the battery cluster, including the insulation resistance, current value, and the control status and current value of the two control relays connected to each battery cluster. The battery charging and discharging are controlled by the status of these two relays. The secondary host control module analyzes this information: If the secondary host control module detects a voltage value at the voltage detection module behind the relay, but the controller does not control the relay to be pulled in, this indicates a sticking anomaly. If the secondary host control module detects that the insulation resistance of the battery cluster is less than 500Ω / V, this indicates an insulation anomaly. If the secondary host control module detects a current value in the battery cluster, but the controller does not control the relay to be pulled in, this indicates a current anomaly.

[0018] 5) Data reporting to the primary host control module: The secondary host control module reports all data to the primary host control module via CAN communication;

[0019] 6) Parallel control: The primary host control module compares the battery state of charge (SOC) values ​​of N battery clusters and checks if the following conditions are met:

[0020] 6-1) Sorting: The SOC of N battery clusters is sorted as follows: 1, 2...i, where i ≥ 2. The primary host control module determines the voltage value of CC2. CC2 is used to identify the connection status between the charging port and the charging gun. If connected, the CC2 voltage value is 6V, indicating charging. If disconnected, the CC2 voltage value is 12V, indicating discharging. In the discharging state, the battery cluster H with the highest SOC is selected, and in the charging state, the battery cluster L with the lowest SOC is selected.

[0021] 6-2) Comparison: In the discharge state: compare H with i, and N ≥ 2. If (Hi) < (H*5%), then i meets the parallel conditions. In the charge state: compare L with i, and N ≥ 2. If (iL) < (L*5%), then i meets the parallel conditions.

[0022] 6-3) Parallel operation: The primary host control module controls the battery clusters that meet the above conditions to power on;

[0023] 7) System discharge: discharge the battery cluster that has completed parallel control.

[0024] This technical solution is a new four-level architecture battery management system designed specifically for ships. It perfectly matches the trend of ships developing towards intelligence and large-scale development. Faced with the substantial increase in the number of battery packs in large ships, the system has demonstrated excellent management capabilities. It can not only effectively cope with this challenge, but also significantly improve management efficiency, ensuring the stable and efficient operation of large-scale ship battery systems. It is particularly worth mentioning that the four-level architecture battery management system supports modular design and flexible expansion. This feature enables it to easily cope with the continuous improvement of ship scale and intelligence level, and reserves sufficient space for the future development of ships. As an innovative architecture that can efficiently manage large-scale battery packs and monitor battery status in real time, its emergence has undoubtedly injected new vitality into the sustainable and healthy development of the electric ship industry. This technical solution not only solves the current problems faced by large-scale ship battery management, but also opens up a new path for the future development of the industry, and is of great milestone significance.

[0025] This system can effectively cope with the substantial increase in the number of battery packs, improve management efficiency, and ensure the stable and efficient operation of the battery systems of large ships. This system supports modularization and flexible expansion to cope with the continuous improvement of ship scale and intelligence level. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the system in the embodiment;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the control process flow in the embodiment;

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the parallel control process of the charging state in the control process of the embodiment;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the parallel control process of the discharge state in the control process of the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0031] Example:

[0032] Reference Figure 1, a ship-specific four-level architecture battery management system, including a primary host control module connected to external devices through CAN communication and a secondary host control module group connected to the primary host control module, wherein each secondary host control module is connected to a voltage transfer module and a temperature transfer module group, each voltage transfer module and temperature transfer module group is provided with a corresponding voltage acquisition module and temperature acquisition module, the voltage acquisition modules and temperature acquisition modules in the same voltage transfer module and temperature transfer module group are all connected to the corresponding same group of battery cells, the part of the secondary host control module not connected to the primary host control module is called a battery cluster, the external devices are power supply, charging equipment, ship communication unit, touch screen unit, alarm device, circuit monitoring unit, the acquisition module is connected to each battery cell for collecting battery data; the voltage transfer module and the temperature transfer module are connected to the acquisition module to store and forward the battery data collected by the acquisition module; the secondary host control module is connected to the transfer module to control the battery status through a relay, while sharing the pressure of CAN communication to ensure the orderly and stable operation of the system, two The primary host control module is specifically responsible for collecting various battery information uploaded by the transfer module, calculating the remaining capacity and health status of the battery pack, comparing the collected data with thresholds, and promptly issuing alarms for various abnormal faults, such as overcharge, over-discharge protection, and abnormal battery status, and reporting them to the primary host module. One end of the primary host module is connected to an external device and collects various battery information uploaded by the secondary host control module. It coordinates the power-up and power-down of all battery clusters, sends parallel operation instructions, and uploads all system information to external devices via communication. It interacts with external devices via CAN communication to ensure the comprehensive integration of power supply, charging, communication, and monitoring. Battery cluster power-up and power-down refer to the primary host control module's low-voltage power-up during discharge, the primary host control module's high-voltage power-up during discharge, the primary host control module's low-voltage power-down during discharge, the primary host control module's high-voltage power-down during discharge, the primary host control module's low-voltage power-up during charge, the primary host control module's high-voltage power-up during charge, the primary host control module's low-voltage power-down during charge, the secondary host control module's low-voltage power-up and power-down, the secondary host control module's charge and discharge power-up and power-down, the secondary host control module's charging control, and the secondary host control module's discharge control.

[0033] The parallel control process is as follows: The battery state of charge (SOC) of N battery clusters is sorted in order: 1, 2...i, where i≥2. The primary host control module determines the voltage value of CC2. CC2 is used to identify the connection status between the charging port and the charging gun. If connected, the voltage value of CC2 is 6V, indicating a charging state. If disconnected, the voltage value of CC2 is 12V, indicating a discharging state. In the discharging state, the battery cluster H with the highest SOC is selected, and in the charging state, the battery cluster L with the lowest SOC is selected. In the discharging state, H is compared with i, and N≥2. If (Hi) < (H*5%), then i meets the parallel conditions. In the charging state, L is compared with i, and N≥2. If (iL) < (L*5%), then i meets the parallel conditions. The primary host control module controls the battery clusters that meet the conditions to power on.

[0034] The external power supply serves as the core power source of the ship, providing a stable and reliable power supply for the entire ship system; the charging equipment is used to regulate the charging process of the battery pack to ensure efficient and safe operation of the ship; the ship's communication unit is used to receive real-time information and exchange information between ships to ensure that correct decisions can be made in a timely manner during navigation; the touch screen unit serves as a human-computer interaction interface, intuitively displaying the battery status and operating instructions; the alarm device is always vigilant and immediately issues a warning once an abnormality is detected; the circuit monitoring unit prevents potential faults and ensures the stable operation of the circuit system.

[0035] The primary host control module uses the STM32F4 series main control chip.

[0036] The secondary host control module uses the STM32F4 series main control chip.

[0037] The temperature acquisition module uses the STM32F1 series as the main control chip, which is used to collect temperature values ​​and report them to the corresponding temperature transfer module via CAN communication.

[0038] The voltage acquisition module main control chip adopts the STM32F1 series, which is used to collect voltage values ​​and report them to the corresponding voltage transfer module through CAN communication.

[0039] The number of battery packs in the battery unit is not less than 2.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the control process of the above-mentioned ship-specific four-level architecture battery management system is as follows:

[0041] 1) System power-on: Use a 24V regulated power supply to power the four-level battery management system, so that the four-level battery management system enters the working state;

[0042] 2) Data Acquisition: The voltage acquisition module is based on a built-in dedicated integrated circuit (ASIC), in this case Panasonic's AN49503. The chip's measurement pins connect to the battery cell. The AN49503's high-precision ADC converter measures the battery cell's voltage and temperature. After the measurement is complete, the conversion results are read to obtain the corresponding battery voltage and temperature values.

[0043] 3) Data reporting to the secondary host control module: The voltage acquisition module and the temperature acquisition module communicate via CAN, reporting the collected voltage and temperature values ​​to the corresponding voltage transfer module and temperature transfer module. Finally, these two transfer modules send the data to the secondary host control module;

[0044] 4) Battery Cluster Self-Test: The secondary host control module not only collects battery data but also collects information within the battery cluster, including the insulation resistance, current value, and the control status and current value of the two control relays connected to each battery cluster. The battery charging and discharging are controlled by the status of these two relays. The secondary host control module analyzes this information: If the secondary host control module detects a voltage value at the voltage detection module behind the relay, but the controller does not control the relay to be pulled in, this indicates a sticking anomaly. If the secondary host control module detects that the insulation resistance of the battery cluster is less than 500Ω / V, this indicates an insulation anomaly. If the secondary host control module detects a current value in the battery cluster, but the controller does not control the relay to be pulled in, this indicates a current anomaly.

[0045] 5) Data reporting to the primary host control module: The secondary host control module reports all data to the primary host control module via CAN communication;

[0046] 6) Parallel control: Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, the primary host control module compares the battery state of charge (SOC) values ​​of N battery clusters and checks if the following conditions are met:

[0047] 6-1) Sorting: The SOC of N battery clusters is sorted as follows: 1, 2...i, where i ≥ 2. The primary host control module determines the voltage value of CC2. CC2 is used to identify the connection status between the charging port and the charging gun. If connected, the CC2 voltage value is 6V, indicating charging. If disconnected, the CC2 voltage value is 12V, indicating discharging. In the discharging state, the battery cluster H with the highest SOC is selected, and in the charging state, the battery cluster L with the lowest SOC is selected.

[0048] 6-2) Comparison: In the discharge state: compare H with i, and N ≥ 2. If (Hi) < (H*5%), then i meets the parallel conditions. In the charge state: compare L with i, and N ≥ 2. If (iL) < (L*5%), then i meets the parallel conditions.

[0049] 6-3) Parallel operation: The primary host control module controls the battery clusters that meet the above conditions to power on;

[0050] 7) System discharge: discharge the battery cluster that has completed parallel control.

Claims

1. A four-level architecture battery management system dedicated to ships, characterized by: It includes a primary host control module connected to external devices through CAN communication and a secondary host control module group connected to the primary host control module, wherein each secondary host control module is connected to a voltage transfer module and a temperature transfer module group, each voltage transfer module and temperature transfer module group is provided with a corresponding voltage acquisition module and temperature acquisition module, the voltage acquisition modules and temperature acquisition modules in the same voltage transfer module and temperature transfer module group are all connected to the corresponding same group of battery units, the part of the secondary host control module not connected to the primary host control module is called a battery cluster, and the external devices are power supply, charging equipment, whole ship communication unit, touch screen unit, alarm equipment, and circuit monitoring unit.

2. The ship-specific four-level architecture battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary host control module main control chip adopts the STM32F4 series.

3. The ship-specific four-level architecture battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary host control module main control chip adopts STM32F4 series.

4. The ship-specific four-level architecture battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature acquisition module main control chip adopts STM32F1 series.

5. The ship-specific four-level architecture battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage acquisition module main control chip adopts STM32F1 series.

6. The ship-specific four-level architecture battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of battery packs in the battery unit is not less than 2.

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