Double-nozzle inclined-jet horizontal water turbine

Abstract

The utility model discloses a double-nozzle inclined-jet horizontal type water turbine which comprises nozzle assemblies, a machine shell component and a rotating wheel, the rotating wheel is arranged in the machine shell component, the machine shell component is provided with the nozzle assemblies, and the included angle between the two nozzle assemblies is 75-85 degrees. Compared with the prior art, the double-nozzle inclined-jet horizontal type water turbine has the advantages that the interference between two pieces of incident water flow is small; the hydraulic power conversion efficiency is remarkably improved, high adaptability and good economical efficiency are achieved, the requirement for hydraulic power generation in the future is met, and contributions are made to development of renewable energy sources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a hydroelectric power generation device, which is an oblique-impact water turbine with double nozzles and is suitable for the field of hydroelectric power generation with medium and high water heads. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the increasing demand for renewable energy, hydropower has received widespread attention as a clean and renewable form of energy. Existing oblique-jet turbines are mostly single-nozzle designs. Although they can meet basic needs in some cases, they have certain limitations in terms of efficiency, reliability and adaptability. Therefore, a new type of turbine is urgently needed to improve the efficiency of water energy conversion and expand its application range.

[0003] Limitations of single-nozzle turbines: When faced with changing water flow conditions, single-nozzle turbines are prone to uneven water flow, resulting in uneven force on the runner blades, which in turn affects power generation efficiency. Long-term operation will cause unilateral asymmetric wear of the bearings due to its asymmetry. The runner and bearing replacement cycles are short and require regular maintenance. More importantly, under the same power conditions, a large nozzle is selected, which cannot adapt to a smaller flow rate. The double-nozzle oblique-impact type, under the same power conditions, selects a small nozzle, which can adapt to a smaller flow rate. Therefore, the double-nozzle oblique-impact turbine can cover a wider flow range and can be started during the dry season at the lowest flow period, making full use of more renewable energy.

[0004] The existing double-nozzle oblique-jet turbine has two nozzles placed at unscientific angles, which leads to jet interference, severe internal friction and low efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to solve the problems in the existing technology and propose a double-nozzle oblique-impact horizontal turbine, which can minimize the interference between the two incident water flows, significantly improve the water energy conversion efficiency, have strong adaptability and good economy, and aim to meet the future demand for hydropower generation and contribute to the development of renewable energy.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model proposes a double-nozzle oblique-impact horizontal turbine, comprising a nozzle assembly, a casing component and a runner, wherein the casing component is provided with a runner, and the casing component is provided with a nozzle assembly, and the two nozzle assemblies are arranged at an angle of 75 to 85 degrees.

[0007] Preferably, the two nozzle assemblies are arranged at an angle of 80 degrees.

[0008] Preferably, the angle between the two nozzle assemblies and the runner plane is 22.5 degrees.

[0009] Preferably, a valve is provided at the output end of the water inlet main pipe, and a water inlet branch is provided at the output end of the valve, and the water inlet branch is respectively connected to the water inlet elbow of the nozzle assembly.

[0010] Preferably, the output end of the valve is provided with an expansion joint connected to the water inlet branch.

[0011] Preferably, the housing component is provided with a folding transmission mechanism at the nozzle of the nozzle assembly, and the folding transmission mechanism is connected to the corresponding deflector.

[0012] Preferably, the casing member adopts a petal structure, which is fastened together by bolts, and bearings and water-slinging rings are provided on both sides of the casing member, and a flat water grid is provided below.

[0013] Preferably, a main shaft for mounting the runner is provided on the bearing, and one end of the main shaft is fixedly connected to the input end of the generator via a coupling.

[0014] Preferably, the system further includes a microcomputer speed regulator which is controllably connected to the nozzle assembly and the folding transmission mechanism.

[0015] Preferably, the runner is composed of a plurality of blades, an inner ring and an outer ring, and blades are evenly spaced between the inner ring and the outer ring, and the blades are shaped like a spatial curved surface.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by setting the two nozzle assemblies at an angle of 75 to 85 degrees, the present invention can minimize the interference between the two incident water flows compared to the prior art, significantly improve the water energy conversion efficiency, and has strong adaptability and good economy. It is intended to meet the needs of future hydropower generation and contribute to the development of renewable energy.

[0017] The features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail through embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a double-nozzle oblique-impact horizontal turbine of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of a double-nozzle oblique-impact horizontal turbine of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the runner.

[0021] In the figure: 1-water inlet main pipe, 2-valve, 3, 4-water inlet manifold, 5, 6-water inlet elbow, 7, 8-nozzle assembly, 9, 10-folding transmission mechanism, 11-casing component, 12-runner, 13-generator, 14-coupling, 15-main shaft, 16-bearing, 17-microcomputer speed regulator, 121-blade, 122-inner wheel ring, 123-outer wheel ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] See Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 The utility model is a double-nozzle oblique-impact horizontal turbine, comprising nozzle assemblies 7 and 8, a casing component 11 and a runner 12. The runner 12 is provided in the casing component 11, and the nozzle assemblies 7 and 8 are provided on the casing component 11. The two nozzle assemblies 7 and 8 are arranged at an angle of 75 to 85 degrees.

[0023] The two nozzle assemblies 7 and 8 are arranged at an angle of 80 degrees.

[0024] The angle between the two nozzle assemblies 7 and 8 and the runner plane is 22.5 degrees.

[0025] A valve 2 is provided at the output end of the water inlet main pipe 1 , and water inlet manifolds 3 and 4 are provided at the output end of the valve 2 . The water inlet manifolds 3 and 4 are connected to the water inlet elbows 5 and 6 of the nozzle assemblies 7 and 8 respectively.

[0026] The output end of the valve 2 is provided with an expansion joint 18 which is in communication with the water inlet manifolds 3 and 4 .

[0027] The housing component 11 is provided with deflection transmission mechanisms 9 and 10 at the nozzles of the nozzle assemblies 7 and 8, respectively. The deflection transmission mechanisms 9 and 10 are connected to corresponding deflectors.

[0028] The casing component 11 adopts a petal structure and is fastened together by bolts. Bearings 16 and water-slinging rings are provided on both sides of the casing component 11, and a flat water grid is provided below.

[0029] A main shaft 15 for mounting the runner 12 is provided on the bearing 16 , and one end of the main shaft 15 is fixedly connected to the input end of the generator 13 via a coupling 14 .

[0030] The system also includes a microcomputer speed regulator 17 which is control-connected to the nozzle assemblies 7 and 8 and the folding transmission mechanisms 9 and 10 .

[0031] The runner 12 is composed of a plurality of blades 121 , an inner ring 122 and an outer ring 123 . Blades 121 are evenly spaced between the inner ring 122 and the outer ring 123 , and the blades 121 are shaped like a spatial curved surface.

[0032] Working process of this utility model:

[0033] In the operation process of the double-nozzle oblique-impact horizontal water turbine of the present invention, water flows through the water inlet main pipe 1 and enters the water inlet branches 3 and 4 respectively, then passes through the water inlet elbows 5 and 6 respectively, and finally is ejected from the nozzle assemblies 7 and 8 and sprayed onto the oblique-impact runner 12. Due to the impact force of the water flow, the runner 12 rotates, thereby driving the connected generator 13 to generate electricity.

[0034] This utility model breaks through traditional technology and adopts a double-nozzle or multi-nozzle structure, which improves the operating power range and flow range, reduces manufacturing costs, has a flat overall efficiency curve, higher weighted efficiency, less cavitation, is not easy to clog, and the impeller is simple to repair and replace and easy to operate, and has broad practical application significance.

[0035] The original oblique-jet turbine covered a flow range of 0.03 to 2 cubic meters per second, a power range of 10 kW to 800 kW, and a head range of 100 to 200 meters. The new model doubles this operating range, expanding the flow range to 0.03 to 4 cubic meters per second, the power range to 10 kW to 1600 kW, and the head range to 30 to 200 meters. (The addition of a nozzle increases the flow rate, making it applicable to hydropower projects with even lower heads.)

[0036] Double nozzle design: The turbine is equipped with two independent nozzles, which are designed so that water can flow evenly into the runner blades of the oblique-impact turbine from two different nozzles. Compared with the traditional single-nozzle turbine, the double nozzle design can effectively reduce the impact of flow velocity fluctuations on the performance of the oblique-impact turbine runner, ensure efficient and stable water flow impact, and improve power generation efficiency.

[0037] Oblique-impact turbine runner blades: The oblique-impact turbine runner blades adopt an oblique-impact design to optimize the impact angle of the water flow on the blades, thereby more efficiently converting the kinetic energy of the water flow into mechanical energy. The geometric shape of the blades has been calculated and tested to minimize fluid resistance and energy loss and achieve efficient power output. First, after CFD analysis and then verification by a model machine, the optimal blade shape is selected to be a spatial curved surface; the outer ring 123 is mainly to enhance the strength of the runner and reduce the wind resistance loss of the runner 12 when it rotates in the air. The runner 12 is fixed to the main shaft 15 with a flat key, and the coupling uses a flat key to transmit torque. The water ring can prevent water from overflowing along the axial direction.

[0038] Flow regulation mechanism: This utility model introduces an advanced flow regulation mechanism, which allows users to flexibly adjust the opening size of the dual nozzles according to the actual water head and flow conditions. This function enables the turbine to maintain the best working state under various water flow conditions, improve its adaptability and economy, and control the opening and deflector of the dual nozzles through the microcomputer speed regulator program to ensure the accuracy of regulation and the safety of unit operation.

[0039] Modular structure design: In order to improve the maintainability of the equipment, the turbine of this utility model adopts a modular design, and each component is easy to disassemble and replace. This design not only simplifies the maintenance process, but also reduces equipment downtime and reduces operating costs.

[0040] Environmental friendliness: The design of the water turbine of this utility model fully considers the impact on the environment and reduces the waste of natural resources by efficiently utilizing water energy.

[0041] Wide application: The double-nozzle oblique-impact turbine of the utility model is suitable for a variety of occasions, including medium and high head hydropower stations, waste energy recovery in chemical plants, waste energy recovery in urban water supply, etc., and has good market prospects and application potential.

[0042] The bearing 16 adopts a rolling bearing and is installed on the bearing seat. The bearing seat is positioned on the platforms at both ends of the casing component 11 with tapered pins, which increases the integrity of the two-point bearing. The runner is supported between the two bearings. The bearing is mainly used to bear the weight of the rotating part of the unit and the axial water thrust. There are covers at both ends of the bearing seat and it is lubricated and self-cooled with calcium-sodium based grease.

[0043] The water inlet manifolds 3 and 4 lead the pressurized water to the spray elbows 5 and 6. On the other hand, it is a supporting point of a water guide mechanism. The expansion joint 18 connects the water inlet manifolds 3 and 4 and the gate valve 2. It is used for installation, maintenance, disassembly and adjustment of the unit. The expansion joint 18 of the unit supplied to freezing areas in winter is provided with a drain hole at the lowest point. When the unit is overhauled or shut down for a long time, the screw plug or hand valve should be unscrewed to release the accumulated water. The gate valve 2 is used to cut off the water flow for use when the unit is overhauled or shut down for a long time.

[0044] When the unit suddenly throws off the load, the jet is deflected away from the blades through the deflection transmission mechanisms 9 and 10 to prevent the unit from running out of control and the water hammer pressure from rising too much.

[0045] The folding transmission mechanisms 9 and 10 are composed of components such as springs, mechanical locking devices, push-pull rods, rocker arms, and deflector shafts. They are existing technologies, and the specific connection relationships between the components are not repeated here. The springs are manually compressed and pulled with a mechanical locking device. When the unit is operating normally, the springs are in a compressed energy storage state, and the deflector is in an open position. When an external signal connects the coil of the electromagnet on the device, the electromagnet core is actuated, causing the mechanical locking device to be disengaged, and the compressed spring releases energy, pushing the deflector to move and fold the water.

[0046] The nozzle assemblies 7 and 8 include a water spray elbow 5, a spray needle, a nozzle, a guide bracket, a balancing piston, a needle rod rear bushing, an "O"-shaped water sealing ring, a water sealing pressure ring, a spray needle rod and other major parts. It is a prior art, and the specific connection relationship of each component is not repeated here. The water spray elbow 5 guides the pressurized water to the nozzle through the guide bracket. The guide bracket mainly supports the spray needle rod and prevents the generation of vortices. The nozzle consists of a nozzle body and a spray needle. The spray needle is a needle valve in the nozzle body. The flow channel therebetween is a tapered streamline to reduce the resistance to water flow. After the pressurized water enters the nozzle body, the flow velocity rises sharply, and rushes towards the rotating nozzle with a high-speed dense jet at the nozzle mouth. The wheel blades convert the pressure energy of the water flow into speed energy to work on the impeller. The adjustment of the nozzle opening is achieved by manipulating the needle actuator of the needle rod to change the nozzle outlet cross-section and adjust the jet volume to adapt to the changes in the external load. The balance piston is used to balance the axial water thrust on the needle head, making the needle rod convenient and flexible when working. The "O"-shaped water sealing ring and water sealing pressure ring are fixed on the bearing seat behind the water spray elbow. The former seals the water, and the latter presses and scrapes off the scale on the needle rod, protecting the water sealing ring. A drainage hole is opened on the side of the needle elbow near the diversion bracket to clean the weeds and branches attached to the diversion bracket in the pipe.

[0047] The microcomputer speed regulator 17 has the functions of frequency-output power adjustment, speed adjustment, opening control, automatic tracking of power system frequency, self-diagnosis, fault tolerance and stability. The microcomputer speed regulator can automatically and manually start, stop and shut down the unit in case of emergency both locally and remotely, eliminating the traditional mechanical cooperative cabinet, cam and complex mechanical connecting rod. The entire mechanical hydraulic system adopts a modular structure. There is no lever in the mechanical cabinet, which has a simple and beautiful structure. It not only greatly simplifies the system structure, but also effectively overcomes the dead zone of the mechanical system and thoroughly improves the regulation performance of the system.

[0048] All functions of the microcomputer speed governor 17 are realized by means of a programmable controller (microcomputer). The microcomputer receives frequency signals, feedback signals, operating instructions and parameter setting instructions from the unit controller of the computer monitoring system, and simultaneously outputs an amplified electrical signal to act on the controlled hydraulic system to operate the turbine nozzles and deflectors. This ensures that the number of nozzles can be switched smoothly and automatically according to changes in operating conditions and power, ensuring operation at optimal efficiency.

[0049] The above embodiments are intended to illustrate the present invention, not to limit the present invention. Any solution that is a simple transformation of the present invention falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A double-nozzle oblique-injection horizontal turbine, characterized by: The invention comprises a nozzle assembly (7, 8), a housing component (11) and a runner (12), wherein the runner (12) is provided in the housing component (11), and the nozzle assembly (7, 8) is provided on the housing component (11), and the two nozzle assemblies (7, 8) are arranged at an angle of 75 to 85 degrees.

2. A double-nozzle oblique-injection horizontal turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two nozzle assemblies (7, 8) are arranged at an angle of 80 degrees.

3. The double-nozzle oblique-injection horizontal turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the two nozzle assemblies (7, 8) and the runner plane is 22.5 degrees.

4. The double-nozzle oblique-injection horizontal turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the water inlet main pipe (1) is provided with a valve (2), and the output end of the valve (2) is provided with water inlet branches (3, 4), and the water inlet branches (3, 4) are respectively connected to the water inlet elbows (5, 6) of the nozzle assemblies (7, 8).

5. The double-nozzle oblique-injection horizontal turbine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The output end of the valve (2) is provided with an expansion joint (18) that is in communication with the water inlet manifolds (3, 4).

6. The double-nozzle oblique-injection horizontal turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing component (11) is provided with folding transmission mechanisms (9, 10) at the nozzles of the nozzle assemblies (7, 8), respectively, and the folding transmission mechanisms (9, 10) are connected to corresponding deflectors.

7. The double-nozzle oblique-injection horizontal turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The casing component (11) adopts a split-petal structure and is fastened together by bolts. Bearings (16) and water-slinging rings are provided on both sides of the casing component (11), and a flat water grid is provided below.

8. The double-nozzle oblique-injection horizontal turbine according to claim 7, characterized in that: A main shaft (15) for mounting the runner (12) is provided on the bearing (16), and one end of the main shaft (15) is fixedly connected to the input end of the generator (13) via a coupling (14).

9. The double-nozzle oblique-injection horizontal turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a microcomputer speed regulator (17) that is control-connected to the nozzle assembly (7, 8) and the folding transmission mechanism (9, 10).

10. A double-nozzle oblique-injection horizontal turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The runner (12) is composed of a plurality of blades (121), an inner ring (122) and an outer ring (123), wherein blades (121) are evenly spaced between the inner ring (122) and the outer ring (123), and the blades (121) are shaped like a spatial curved surface.

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