Impulse water turbine, erosion-resistant bucket, and method of erosion-resistant structure arrangement

Abstract

The present application provides an impulse water turbine, an anti-erosion water bucket and an anti-erosion structure setting method. The water bucket has a double-bowl structure symmetrically along a water distribution edge. The water bucket has a water-impingement surface for bearing the impact of water flow and a backwater surface opposite to the water-impingement surface. The concave-convex points of the water-impingement surface are distributed in an array on both sides of the water distribution edge, the downstream area, the water outlet edge area and the water outlet area. The array of the concave-convex points on the inner surface of the water bucket can form a water film in the concave points under the impact of strong water flow. The water film generates a certain tension, thereby buffering the impact of the silt and protecting the inner surface of the water bucket. The anti-erosion performance of the water bucket of the impulse water turbine under the condition of high silt content can be greatly improved, and the problems of easy erosion, easy fracture and greatly shortened service life of the water bucket of the impulse water turbine under the conditions of high silt, high water head and strong impact force can be effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of hydropower technology, specifically to an impulse turbine, an anti-abrasion water bucket, and a method for setting up an anti-abrasion structure. Background Technology

[0002] Under high head conditions, especially those exceeding 700m, impulse turbines are generally used. However, the wear of the impulse turbine runner under high-speed jets and high-capacity, high-speed operation with high sediment loads is currently the biggest challenge in the design, operation, and manufacturing of impulse turbines. Particularly when the high-speed jet contains hard debris such as sand and gravel, it causes severe impact and erosion on the runner's bucket face. Over time, this can lead to indentation, damage, deformation, and even failure of the bucket's bowl-shaped inner surface, affecting not only the runner's efficiency but also the safety of the runner and the impulse turbine itself. Therefore, high sediment loads have always posed a serious threat to the safe operation of large-capacity, ultra-high-head impulse turbines. Furthermore, due to the irregularity of sediment in the flow channel, there is still no good solution to its adverse effects, greatly restricting the application of impulse turbines under high sediment loads and even higher head conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problem described in the background art where the application of impulse turbines is severely limited under conditions of high sediment content and higher head, this application provides an impulse turbine, an anti-abrasion bucket, and a method for setting up an anti-abrasion structure. This can significantly improve the anti-abrasion performance of the impulse turbine bucket under long-term operation under high sediment content conditions, effectively solving the problems of easy wear, easy breakage, and significantly shortened service life of the impulse bucket runner blades under conditions of high sediment content, high head, and strong impact force.

[0004] The first aspect of this application provides an anti-wear bucket for an impact turbine. The bucket has a double-bowl-shaped structure symmetrical along the water-dividing edge. The bucket has a water-facing surface for bearing the impact of water flow and a back surface opposite to the water-facing surface. The downstream area, the outlet side area, and the outlet area on both sides of the water-dividing edge of the water-facing surface are divided into a dot matrix of concave and convex points.

[0005] Furthermore, in the outlet edge area and outlet area, the dotted depressions continuously form shallow guide grooves along the water flow direction. For the outlet and outlet edge, based on the increase in the surface curvature value of the water bucket blades, the dotted depressions are continuously formed into smooth shallow grooves along the water flow direction, which can greatly reduce the impact of high-grade large-particle sediment on the edge of the water bucket, thereby achieving zoned protection for the safe operation of the impact impeller blades under high sediment and high water head conditions and long maintenance cycles.

[0006] Furthermore, the partitioning of the water-facing surface is determined based on the hydraulic characteristics of the water-facing impact jet on the water bucket blades. The downstream zone on both sides of the water-dividing blade of the water-facing surface is provided with a dotted distribution of concave and convex points. The water outlet edge zone and water outlet zone of the water-facing surface are provided with shallow guide grooves along the water flow direction.

[0007] Furthermore, the concave and convex points are distributed on the reference curved surface of the downstream area of ​​the water-facing side according to characteristic parameters including pitch, diameter, depth and slope, forming a concave and convex surface with specific spacing, depth and coverage on the surface of the downstream area.

[0008] Furthermore, the shallow guide channel is distributed on the reference curved surface of the water outlet edge area and the water outlet area on the water-facing side according to characteristic parameters including pitch, diameter and depth, forming a smooth streamlined shallow channel on the surface of the water outlet edge area and the water outlet area.

[0009] Furthermore, the uneven points and shallow guide channels on the water-facing surface are provided with a transition zone region, and the characteristic parameters of the uneven points and shallow guide channels continuously decrease within the transition zone region to achieve a smooth transition.

[0010] Furthermore, the water-facing surface is divided into a low-curvature downstream flow zone, a high-curvature downstream flow zone, a high-curvature outlet zone, a high-curvature outlet edge zone, and a jet longitudinal zone; the jet longitudinal zone is a long strip-shaped area set along both sides of the water-dividing blade.

[0011] The low-curvature downstream flow zone is the main downstream flow zone on the low-curvature water-facing surface outside the jet longitudinal zone;

[0012] The high curvature downstream flow zone is the downstream flow edge zone of the high curvature upstream surface at the root of the bucket;

[0013] The high-curvature water outlet is the high-curvature water-facing surface area at the tip of the water bucket.

[0014] The high-curvature water outlet edge region is the high-curvature water-facing surface region outside the low-curvature downstream flow region;

[0015] The longitudinal region of the jet is a smooth surface; the low curvature downstream flow region and the high curvature downstream flow region are provided with dot-matrix distributed concave and convex points; the high curvature outlet region and the high curvature outlet edge region are provided with smooth shallow grooves along the outlet flow direction.

[0016] Furthermore, a transition zone is formed between the outer side of the jet longitudinal zone and the side of the high curvature downstream flow zone near the water-dividing blade, the side of the low curvature downstream flow zone near the water-dividing blade, and the side of the high curvature outlet zone near the water-dividing blade.

[0017] A transition zone is formed between the side of the high-curvature downstream flow zone away from the root of the bucket, the side of the low-curvature downstream flow zone near the root of the bucket, and the side of the high-curvature outlet zone near the root of the bucket.

[0018] A transition zone is formed between the side of the high-curvature water outlet away from the tip of the bucket, the side of the low-curvature downstream flow zone near the tip of the bucket, and the side of the high-curvature water outlet edge zone near the tip of the bucket;

[0019] A transition zone is formed between the side of the low-curvature downstream flow zone away from the water-dividing edge and the side of the high-curvature outlet zone near the water-dividing edge.

[0020] The second aspect of this application provides a method for setting up an anti-wear structure for an impulse turbine, including:

[0021] Obtain the hydraulic characteristics of the impact jet on the water-facing surface of the bucket blade;

[0022] The water-facing surface is divided into zones based on the hydraulic characteristics of the impact jet on the water bucket blades.

[0023] A dotted array of concave and convex points is set in the downstream zone on both sides of the water-dividing blade on the water-facing side, and smooth streamlined shallow grooves are set in the outlet zone and outlet area on both sides of the water-dividing blade on the water-facing side.

[0024] A third aspect of this application provides an impulse turbine, including a hub, nozzles, and a plurality of wear-resistant buckets as described above, evenly distributed on the hub.

[0025] This application involves creating a dotted pattern of raised and recessed points on the inner surface of the semi-bowl-shaped bucket of an impulse turbine, distributed according to the nozzle jet pattern. Under intense impact water flow, a water film forms within the recessed points. This water film generates tension, thus buffering the impact of sediment and protecting the inner surface of the bucket. Because the raised points are higher than the recessed points and the surface, the main hard particles in the sediment will first contact the raised points within the bucket's bowl surface. When the raised points are densely dotted, they become the main points bearing the impact force of sediment and impurity particles in the impact jet. The combination of the water film at the recessed points and the raised points forms a special anti-wear layer on the water-facing inner surface of the bowl-shaped bucket, offsetting and limiting high-speed impact wear from sediment, thereby protecting the main working area of ​​the runner bucket downstream of the water flow. This invention can significantly improve the anti-abrasion performance of the bucket of an impulse turbine under long-term operation in conditions with high sediment content, and greatly improve the anti-sediment performance of ultra-high head impulse turbines such as those with a head of 700m or more. It can effectively solve the problems of easy wear, easy breakage, and significantly shortened service life of the bucket of an impulse turbine under conditions of high sediment, high head, and strong impact. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an impulse turbine provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the water bucket of an impulse turbine provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the division of the water-facing surface of a water bucket according to an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hammer point arrangement on the water-facing surface of a water bucket according to an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the dot matrix hammer points and their characteristic parameters on the water-facing surface of a water bucket according to an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the continuous hammering points and characteristic parameters of the push rod provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figure 7 The function curve of the calculation formula parameters provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1-Water bucket; 11-Water-facing surface; 12-Water-returning surface; 111-Low curvature downstream flow zone; 112-High curvature downstream flow zone; 113-Water outlet zone; 114-Water outlet edge zone; 115-Jet longitudinal zone; 1201-Protrusion in downstream flow zone; 1202-Concave point in downstream flow zone; 1130-Water outlet guide channel; 1140-Water outlet edge guide channel; 2-Hub; 3-Nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0035] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0036] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0037] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0038] It should be understood that, when used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or a collection thereof.

[0039] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0040] Furthermore, in the description of this application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0041] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment of this application, an impulse turbine includes a hub 2, a nozzle 3, and multiple impulse turbine anti-wear buckets evenly distributed on the hub 2.

[0043] Generally, the hub 2 is an intermediate component connecting the bucket 1 of an impulse turbine runner and the main shaft, serving to transmit torque and support the bucket. The bucket 1 generates rotational torque due to the force of the water flow, which is transmitted to the main shaft through the hub, thereby driving the generator rotor to rotate and convert water energy into electrical energy. The bucket 1 is a key component for withstanding the impact of the water flow and converting water energy into mechanical energy. It typically consists of bucket blades, a bucket back, and a water-dividing blade, evenly distributed around the circumference of the hub 2. The bucket blades of the bucket 1 are double-bowl or spoon-shaped, with a specific curvature and shape to adapt to the impact of the water flow and energy conversion. The water-dividing blade is located at the center of the bucket 1, dividing the jet into two parts, which enter the two halves of the bucket 1 respectively. When high-speed water is ejected from the nozzle 3 and impacts the water-dividing blade of the bucket, the water flow is divided into two parts, which enter the two halves of the bucket 1 respectively. As water flows within the water bucket 1, its speed and direction change due to the shape and curvature of the bucket, generating an impact force. This impact force drives the bucket 1 to rotate via the hub 2, which in turn drives the turbine runner and main shaft, converting the kinetic energy of the water flow into mechanical energy. The water bucket 1 is typically made of high-strength, high-toughness materials, such as stainless steel, to withstand the impact and wear of the high-speed water flow. The main function of the nozzle 3 is to convert the pressure energy of the water into kinetic energy, forming a high-speed jet that impacts the turbine runner, causing it to rotate and thus converting water energy into mechanical energy. The high-speed water flow ejected from the nozzle 3 forms an impact jet. This jet, with its pressure and velocity, impacts the turbine runner, causing it to rotate and perform work, thereby converting water energy into mechanical energy. The speed of the impact jet can reach tens of meters per second or even higher to effectively impact the runner and transfer energy.

[0044] like Figures 2-4 As shown in the embodiment of this application, an anti-wear bucket for an impact turbine is provided. The bucket 1 is a double-bowl-shaped structure symmetrical along the water-dividing blade 123. The bucket 1 has a water-facing surface 11 for bearing the impact of water flow and a back-water surface 12 opposite to the water-facing surface 11. The downstream area, the outlet side area, and the outlet area on both sides of the water-dividing blade 123 of the water-facing surface 11 are divided into a dot matrix of concave and convex points.

[0045] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the water outlet area and the water outlet region have continuous shallow guide channels with dotted depressions along the water flow direction.

[0046] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the partitioning of the water-facing surface 11 is determined based on the hydraulic characteristics of the impact jet on the water bucket blades of the water-facing surface 11. The downstream zone on both sides of the water-dividing blade 123 of the water-facing surface 11 is provided with a dotted distribution of concave and convex points. The outlet edge zone and outlet zone of the water-facing surface 11 are provided with shallow guide grooves along the direction of water flow.

[0047] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the water-facing surface 11 is divided into a low-curvature downstream flow zone 111, a high-curvature downstream flow zone 112, a high-curvature outlet zone 113, a high-curvature outlet edge zone 114, and a jet longitudinal zone 115. The jet longitudinal zone 115 is a long strip-shaped area set along both sides of the water-dividing blade 123; the low-curvature downstream flow zone 111 is the downstream main area of ​​the low-curvature water-facing surface outside the jet longitudinal zone 115; the high-curvature downstream flow zone 112 is the downstream edge area of ​​the higher-curvature water-facing surface at the root of the water bucket; the high-curvature outlet zone 113 is the high-curvature water-facing surface area at the tip of the water bucket; the high-curvature outlet edge zone 114 is the high-curvature water-facing surface area outside the low-curvature downstream flow zone 111; and the jet longitudinal zone 115 is a smooth surface. The low-curvature downstream flow zone 111 and the high-curvature downstream flow zone 112 are provided with dot-matrix distributed downstream flow zone protrusions 1201 and downstream flow zone concave points 1202; the high-curvature outlet zone 113 is provided with an outlet guide shallow channel 1130 along the outlet flow direction, and the high-curvature outlet side zone 114 is provided with an outlet side guide shallow channel 1140 along the outlet flow direction.

[0048] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the concave and convex points are distributed on the reference curved surface of the downstream zone of the water-facing side 11 according to characteristic parameters including pitch, diameter, depth and slope, forming a concave and convex surface with specific spacing, depth and coverage on the surface of the downstream zone.

[0049] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the guide shallow channel is distributed on the reference curved surface of the water outlet side area and the water outlet area of ​​the water-facing side 11 according to characteristic parameters including pitch, diameter and depth, forming a smooth streamline shallow channel on the surface of the water outlet side area and the water outlet area.

[0050] In application, the smooth, streamlined guide shallow channel is distributed at a certain pitch and depth on the reference curved surface of the outlet edge area and outlet area, which improves the destructive wear of ultra-high grade sediment (large particles, high hardness) on the outlet edge area and outlet area. This greatly improves the overall wear resistance and operational reliability of the water bucket under ultra-high head (such as 1000m level) and high sediment conditions. In particular, it has good matching and adaptability to high grade sediment under conditions such as debris flow and geological disasters, thus ensuring the long-term safe operation of the water bucket under the above conditions. It completely solves the problem of sediment wear resistance of impulse turbines under ultra-high head, large capacity and high sediment conditions from the method and principle perspective.

[0051] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3As shown, the concave and convex points and the shallow guide groove on the water-facing surface 11 form a transition zone area, and the characteristic parameters of the concave and convex points and the shallow guide groove continuously decrease in the transition zone area to achieve a smooth transition.

[0052] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, a transition zone is formed between the outer side of the jet longitudinal zone 115 and the side of the high-curvature downstream flow zone 112 near the water-dividing blade 123, the side of the low-curvature downstream flow zone 111 near the water-dividing blade 123, and the side of the high-curvature outlet zone 113 near the water-dividing blade 123; a transition zone is formed between the side of the high-curvature downstream flow zone 112 away from the water bucket root and the side of the low-curvature downstream flow zone 111 near the water bucket root and the side of the high-curvature outlet zone 113 near the water bucket root; a transition zone is formed between the side of the high-curvature outlet zone 113 away from the water bucket tip and the side of the low-curvature downstream flow zone 111 near the water bucket tip and the side of the high-curvature outlet side zone 114 near the water bucket tip; and a transition zone is formed between the side of the low-curvature downstream flow zone 111 away from the water-dividing blade 123 and the side of the high-curvature outlet side zone 114 near the water-dividing blade 123.

[0053] This application also provides a method for setting up an anti-wear structure for an impulse turbine, including:

[0054] Obtain the hydraulic characteristics of the impact jet on the water-facing surface of the bucket blade;

[0055] The partitioning of the water-facing surface 11 is determined based on the hydraulic characteristics of the impact jet on the water bucket blades.

[0056] A dot matrix of concave and convex dots is set in the downstream zone on both sides of the water-dividing blade 123 on the water-facing surface 11, and smooth streamlined shallow grooves are set in the outlet edge zone and outlet zone on both sides of the water-dividing blade 123 on the water-facing surface 11.

[0057] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the parameters of the concave and convex points are determined based on the hydraulic characteristics of the impact. The depth Z(ρ) of the concave and convex points can be calculated using the following formula:

[0058] ,

[0059] Where ρ is the radial distance from the tangent plane at the center of the pit to any point along the curved surface, in mm; α is the generalized parabolic coefficient, 1-1.5; Z(ρ) is the indentation depth of the point along the normal direction -n (inward), in mm; Z(ρ)>0 indicates a concave point, Z(ρ)<0 indicates a convex point; d is the diameter of the concave point, in mm; P is the pitch, the distance between the centers of adjacent concave points, in mm; φ is the coverage (projected area of ​​the concave point opening / total area); h0 is the maximum depth, i.e., the depth of the concave point center, Z(0)= h0, in mm.

[0060] The function curve of the parameters in the above calculation formula is as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0061] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, based on the characteristics Lc of the outlet / outlet edge and the surface curvature... The water outlet angle β determines the characteristic parameters of the linear continuous guide shallow channel.

[0062] Surface curvature of the shallow channel It can be calculated using the following formula:

[0063] ,

[0064] ,

[0065] Where β is the exit angle (the separation angle relative to the local tangential / geometric reference); Δθ rad L represents the surface curvature and the turning point of the main flow line within the outlet / outlet region. C R is the arc length (mm) along the streamline of the outlet / outlet area. f The average turning radius (mm) is the area around the water outlet / outlet area.

[0066] Calculate the depth δ of the diversion channel based on the sediment gradation and the length Lc of the diversion channel:

[0067] ,

[0068] ,

[0069] Where U is the relative velocity of the surface in the outlet / outlet region (m / s); v is the kinematic viscosity (m³ / s). 2 / s), where kinematic viscosity of water is taken as the operating temperature; The Reynolds number is determined by matching the particle size and hardness in the sediment gradation.

[0070] Calculate the guide channel pitch based on the number of guide channels (number of spans). :

[0071] Assume that each streamline is "blocked" by the channel within area C. Second, the pitch of the shallow guide channel. k can be calculated using the following formula:

[0072] ,

[0073] Among them, P c is the shallow groove pitch, and is the center distance along the orthogonal direction of the groove.

[0074] In one embodiment, the method for setting the partitioned transition parameters of the dot matrix-like concave and convex points and the linear guide shallow grooves on the water-facing surface of the inner surface of the impeller turbine is as follows: In order to avoid hydraulic steps and stress concentration, a transition zone is set for the dot matrix-like concave and convex points and the linear guide shallow grooves. The characteristic parameters continuously decay within the transition zone to achieve "gradual entry / gradual exit" and smooth transition, so as to ensure the overall hydraulic efficiency of the impeller.

[0075] Longitudinal (length along the transition zone direction) Transition: Let the depth of the concave point in the upstream region be... The downstream area is Then the length in the transition zone direction Inside:

[0076] ,

[0077] Typical transition width: .

[0078] The actual transition zone length corresponds to approximately 30-80 mm depending on the size of the water bucket.

[0079] Horizontal (with) Attenuation: The geometric parameters of the hammer point (such as coverage, indentation depth) are adjusted from the center to the edge according to Gaussian g( Or hyperbolic tangent attenuation:

[0080] ,

[0081] ,

[0082] In this embodiment, it is possible to .

[0083] Example 1

[0084] Taking a high-head, large-capacity impulse turbine with a head greater than 800m and a single unit capacity greater than 700MW as an example, this application can achieve high compatibility, high strength, and high safety and reliability of the bucket and hub. The specific laboratory test data are as follows:

[0085] Impact resistance test: Under the impact of a 100 m / s jet, the number of cycles required for a visible indentation to appear on a flat specimen is 5 × 10⁻⁶. 4 The second time, the concave sample (concave depth 0.3 mm, spacing 1 mm) reached 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 5 The lifespan is extended by 140%. Wear test: In water with a sand content of 200ppm, the annual wear of the flat sample is 2.5mm, and that of the concave sample is 1.1mm, a decrease of 56%.

[0086] In practical application, a hydropower station renovation project was carried out at a head of 120m and a flow rate of 80m³ / h. 3The concave structure applied to the / s impulse turbine showed the following results after one year of operation: the wear depth on the bucket surface decreased from 1.8mm to 0.7mm (a 61% reduction); the number of cavitation pits decreased by 73%; and the power generation efficiency remained stable (±0.5%), without decreasing due to increased surface roughness. Annual maintenance costs decreased by 60%, the overhaul cycle was extended from 2 years to 5 years, and the overall investment payback period was approximately 1.8 years. Impact resistance life increased by 100%-150%; sediment abrasion rate decreased by 40%-60%; cavitation protection capability was enhanced by 50%-70%; and overall operating costs decreased by 30%-40%.

[0087] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An anti-wear bucket for an impulse water turbine, characterized by: The water bucket (1) is a double-bowl structure symmetrical along the water distribution edge (123), the water bucket (1) has a water-facing surface (11) for bearing water flow impact and a backwater surface (12) opposite to the water-facing surface (11), the points of the concave-convex points distributed in an array are formed at the points of the division of the water flow area, the water outlet edge area and the water outlet area on the two sides of the water distribution edge (123) of the water-facing surface (11); The water outlet edge area and the water outlet area are continuously provided with the guide shallow grooves along the water outlet flow direction. The division of the water-facing surface (11) is determined based on the hydraulic characteristics of the water bucket blade impacted by the water flow, the water distribution edge (123) on the two sides of the water-facing surface (11) is provided with the concave-convex points distributed in an array, and the water outlet edge area and the water outlet area of the water-facing surface (11) are provided with the guide shallow grooves along the water outlet flow direction. The concave-convex points and the guide shallow grooves on the water-facing surface (11) are provided with a transition zone, and the characteristic parameters of the concave-convex points and the guide shallow grooves continuously decay in the transition zone to achieve smooth transition. The division of the water-facing surface (11) includes a low-curvature water flow area (111), a high-curvature water flow area (112), a high-curvature water outlet area (113), a high-curvature water outlet edge area (114) and a jet longitudinal area (115). The jet longitudinal area (115) is a long strip-shaped area provided on the two sides of the water distribution edge (123). The low-curvature water flow area (111) is a low-curvature water-facing surface main water flow area outside the jet longitudinal area (115). The high-curvature water flow area (112) is a high-curvature water-facing surface edge area of the root of the water bucket. The high-curvature water outlet area (113) is a high-curvature water-facing surface area of the tip of the water bucket. The high-curvature water outlet edge area (114) is a high-curvature water-facing surface area outside the low-curvature water flow area (111). The jet longitudinal area (115) is a smooth surface, the low-curvature water flow area (111) and the high-curvature water flow area (112) are provided with the concave-convex points distributed in an array, and the high-curvature water outlet area (113) and the high-curvature water outlet edge area (114) are provided with smooth shallow grooves along the water outlet flow direction.

2. The anti-abrasive bucket of the Pelton turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concave-convex points are distributed on the reference surface of the water flow area of the water-facing surface (11) according to the characteristic parameters including pitch, diameter, depth and slope, and the concave-convex surface with specific pitch, depth and coverage is formed on the surface of the water flow area.

3. The anti-abrasive bucket of the Pelton turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide shallow grooves are distributed on the reference surface of the water outlet edge area and the water outlet area of the water-facing surface (11) according to the characteristic parameters including pitch, diameter and depth, and the smooth streamline shallow grooves are formed on the surface of the water outlet edge area and the water outlet area.

4. The anti-abrasive bucket of the Pelton turbine according to claim 1, wherein: The outside of the jet longitudinal area (115) is close to one side of the high-curvature water flow area (112) close to the water distribution edge (123), one side of the low-curvature water flow area (111) close to the water distribution edge (123), and one side of the high-curvature water outlet area (113) close to the water distribution edge (123), and a transition zone is formed between them. The high-curvature flow-following area (112) is located between the low-curvature flow-following area (111) close to the root of the bucket, the high-curvature water-outlet area (113) close to the root of the bucket, and the transition zone. The high-curvature water-outlet area (113) is located between the low-curvature flow-following area (111) close to the tip of the bucket, the high-curvature water-outlet edge area (114) close to the tip of the bucket, and the transition zone. The low-curvature flow-following area (111) is located between the high-curvature water-outlet edge area (114) close to the splitter blade (123) and the transition zone.

5. A method of arranging the wear-resistant structure of the wear-resistant bucket of the impact water turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The method comprises: acquiring the hydraulic characteristics of the impingement jet on the water surface (11) of the bucket blade; determining the partition of the water surface (11) based on the hydraulic characteristics of the impingement jet on the water surface (11) of the bucket blade; providing point array distribution of concave-convex points on the flow-following areas on both sides of the splitter blade (123) of the water surface (11), and providing smooth streamline shallow grooves on the water-outlet edge area and the water-outlet area partition of the water surface (11).

6. A Pelton turbine, characterized by The method comprises a hub (2), a nozzle (3), and a plurality of impact water turbines wear-resistant buckets as claimed in any one of claims 1-4 uniformly distributed on the hub (2).

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