Shield body top collapse detection device, shield body and heading machine

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of tunneling equipment, and particularly provides a shield body top collapse detection device, a shield body and a tunneling machine. The shield body top collapse detection device comprises a fixed plate, a movable seat capable of moving relative to the fixed plate is installed on the fixed plate, a through detection hole is formed in the fixed plate, a detector and a plugging device are installed on the movable seat, the detector is provided with a non-contact distance measuring sensor, the plugging device is provided with a plug column, and one end of the plug column can enter and plug the detection hole. The movable seat can drive the detector and the plugging device to move to the position right opposite to the detection hole. The shield body comprises the shield body top collapse detection device or a related structure consistent with the structure connected to the fixing plate. The heading machine comprises the shield body. The detector provided by the utility model can not cause the soil body to be compressed during distance measurement, and the measured result is more accurate. And after the result is detected, the detection hole is blocked by the plunger, and the detector is not directly exposed, so that the service life of the detector is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of tunneling equipment, in particular to a shield top collapse detection device, a shield body and a tunneling machine. Background Art

[0002] To monitor soil conditions, shield machines typically install a collapse detection device at the top of the shield. This device measures the distance between the shield and the soil, indirectly reflecting the collapse status of the soil. Prior art methods typically measure the distance between the shield and the soil by measuring the displacement of a probe rod. For example, the applicant's patent application, published as CN109443284A, discloses a shield machine excavation gap measurement device. This device comprises a fixed plate (i.e., a guide sleeve) secured to a pre-reserved mounting hole in the shield shell. The fixed plate is provided with a through-hole (i.e., a slideway) extending through it. A telescopic device with a displacement sensor embedded within the fixed plate is also located within the fixed plate. The telescopic rod of the telescopic device is connected to a probe rod that slides along the through-hole in the fixed plate. Initially, the end of the probe rod is flush with the fixed plate. The telescopic device pushes the probe rod outward until it contacts the tunnel wall. The displacement of the probe rod at this point represents the excavation gap.

[0003] But in reality, the degree of soil collapse and the density of the soil vary in different projects. Especially in construction projects involving soft surrounding rock, the soil is easily compressed, making it difficult to accurately determine when the probe moves to the position where it just contacts the soil. This results in large errors between the measurement results and the actual situation.

[0004] In related technologies, shield machines are typically equipped with tail shield gap detection devices. These devices are equipped with non-contact distance sensors to detect the gap between the tail shield and the segments, thereby determining the tail shield sealing status. For example, the applicant's patent application, published as CN110529126A, provides a comprehensive early warning device for the tail shield sealing of a shield machine. This device is equipped with a tail shield gap detection unit, which includes several distance measurement modules. The distance measurement modules are installed in pre-set holes in the tail shield. These distance measurement modules are equipped with ultrasonic distance measurement sensors (probes) to measure the gap between the tail shield and the segments.

[0005] Unlike contact-type probe distance measurement, non-contact sensors don't directly contact the target object that reflects the signal, resulting in more accurate results when used for soil collapse detection. However, unlike detecting the distance between the tail shield and the segment, when detecting soil collapse, the sensor faces the soil directly. If the sensor is directly exposed, it will easily wear out, seriously shortening its service life. Utility Model Content

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a shield top collapse detection device to address the technical issues of low measurement accuracy in devices that use contact probes to measure collapse, as well as the wear and tear of non-contact sensors. The present invention also aims to provide a shield to address the same technical issues. The present invention also aims to provide a roadheader to address the same technical issues.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the shield top collapse detection device provided by the present invention is:

[0008] A shield top collapse detection device includes a fixed plate for fixing to a mounting hole on the top of a shield shell, a movable seat movable relative to the fixed plate mounted on the fixed plate, a through detection hole provided on the fixed plate, a detector and a plug mounted on the movable seat, the detector being provided with a non-contact ranging sensor, the plug being provided with a plug having one end capable of entering and blocking the detection hole, a detection position in which the detector faces the detection hole to detect the gap between the shield shell and the soil, and a blocking position in which one end of the plug enters and blocks the detection hole.

[0009] As a further improvement, the fixed plate and the movable seat are tightly fitted and sealed, and the movable seat is provided with a detector mounting hole for mounting the detector and an occluder mounting hole for mounting the occluder.

[0010] As a further improvement, two L-shaped support brackets are installed on the fixed plate, and the movable seat is located between the two support brackets and supported by the two support brackets.

[0011] As a further improvement, an adjusting screw for adjusting the tightness between the movable seat and the fixed plate is installed on the support bracket.

[0012] As a further improvement, a forward stop structure and a reverse stop structure are provided on the fixed plate for limiting the forward and reverse movement limit positions of the movable seat respectively. The distance between the forward stop structure and the detection hole satisfies the forward movement limit position of the movable seat, which is the blocking position, and the distance between the reverse stop structure and the detection hole satisfies the reverse movement limit position of the movable seat, which is the detection position.

[0013] As a further improvement, a telescopic device for driving the movable seat to move is provided between the fixed plate and the movable seat, one end of the telescopic device is fixed to the fixed plate, and the other end is connected to the movable seat through a push-pull member.

[0014] As a further improvement, the direction in which the telescopic output end of the telescopic device moves when it extends outward is defined as forward, and the push-pull member is connected to the front end of the movable seat.

[0015] As a further improvement, the shield top collapse detection device further comprises a nozzle which can be connected to a jet pipe and spray a jet medium to flush or blow out the mud residue blocking the detection hole.

[0016] As a further improvement, the nozzle is mounted on the detector, and when the movable seat is located at the detection position, the nozzle is located below the detection hole.

[0017] As a further improvement, the non-contact ranging sensor is a radar ranging sensor.

[0018] The present utility model is a pioneering invention, and its beneficial effects are as follows: during implementation, the collapse detection device can be fixed to the top of the shield shell by a fixing plate. Since the detector is equipped with a non-contact detector, the gap between the shield shell and the soil can be measured through the detection hole, thereby determining the degree of soil collapse. Compared with the contact probe in the prior art, the detector in the present utility model does not cause the soil to be compressed during distance measurement, and the measured results are more accurate. At the same time, after the results are measured, the movable seat can drive the plug in the plug to move to the position of the detection hole, and the plug will block the detection hole to prevent the wall debris or water from entering the shield shell. At this time, the detector moves to the side of the detection hole and is not directly exposed, thereby avoiding the soil from rubbing against the detector during normal excavation, and also ensuring the service life of the detector.

[0019] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a shield body with the following technical solutions:

[0020] A shield body comprises a shield shell, a mounting hole is provided on the top of the shield shell, a shield body top collapse detection device is installed at the mounting hole, the shield body top collapse detection device comprises a fixed plate fixed to the mounting hole on the top of the shield shell, a movable seat movable relative to the fixed plate is installed on the fixed plate, a through detection hole is provided on the fixed plate, a detector and a plugger are installed on the movable seat, the detector is equipped with a non-contact ranging sensor, the plugger is equipped with a plug having one end capable of entering and blocking the detection hole, and a detection position in the moving path of the movable seat, where the detector faces the detection hole to detect the gap between the shield shell and the soil, and a blocking position where one end of the plugger enters and blocks the detection hole.

[0021] As a further improvement, the fixed plate and the movable seat are tightly fitted and sealed, and the movable seat is provided with a detector mounting hole for mounting the detector and an occluder mounting hole for mounting the occluder.

[0022] As a further improvement, two L-shaped support brackets are installed on the fixed plate, and the movable seat is located between the two support brackets and supported by the two support brackets.

[0023] As a further improvement, an adjusting screw for adjusting the tightness between the movable seat and the fixed plate is installed on the support bracket.

[0024] As a further improvement, a forward stop structure and a reverse stop structure are provided on the fixed plate for limiting the forward and reverse movement limit positions of the movable seat respectively. The distance between the forward stop structure and the detection hole satisfies the forward movement limit position of the movable seat, which is the blocking position, and the distance between the reverse stop structure and the detection hole satisfies the reverse movement limit position of the movable seat, which is the detection position.

[0025] As a further improvement, a telescopic device for driving the movable seat to move is provided between the fixed plate and the movable seat, one end of the telescopic device is fixed to the fixed plate, and the other end is connected to the movable seat through a push-pull member.

[0026] As a further improvement, the direction in which the telescopic output end of the telescopic device moves when it extends outward is defined as forward, and the push-pull member is connected to the front end of the movable seat.

[0027] As a further improvement, the shield top collapse detection device further comprises a nozzle which can be connected to a jet pipe and spray a jet medium to flush or blow out the mud residue blocking the detection hole.

[0028] As a further improvement, the nozzle is mounted on the detector, and when the movable seat is located at the detection position, the nozzle is located below the detection hole.

[0029] As a further improvement, the non-contact ranging sensor is a radar ranging sensor.

[0030] As a further improvement, the moving direction of the movable seat is parallel to the axial direction of the shield shell.

[0031] The present utility model is an improved invention, and its beneficial effects are as follows: during implementation, since the detector is equipped with a non-contact detector, the gap between the shield shell and the soil can be measured through the detection hole, thereby determining the degree of soil collapse. Compared with the contact probe in the prior art, the detector in the present utility model will not cause the soil to be compressed during distance measurement, and the measured results are more accurate. At the same time, after the results are measured, the movable seat can drive the plug in the plugger to move to the position of the detection hole, and the plug will block the detection hole to prevent the wall debris or water from entering the shield shell. At this time, the detector moves to the side of the detection hole and is not directly exposed, thereby avoiding the soil from rubbing against the detector during normal excavation, and also ensuring the service life of the detector.

[0032] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, another technical solution of a shield provided by the present invention is:

[0033] A shield body comprises a shield shell, a movable seat which can move relative to the shield shell is installed on the shield shell, a through detection hole is provided on the shield shell, a detector and a plugger are installed on the movable seat, the detector is equipped with a non-contact distance measuring sensor, and the plugger is equipped with a plug having one end capable of entering and blocking the detection hole. In the moving path of the movable seat, there are a detection position in which the detector faces the detection hole to detect the gap between the shield shell and the soil, and a blocking position in which one end of the plugger enters and blocks the detection hole.

[0034] As a further improvement, the shield shell and the movable seat are tightly fitted and sealed, and the movable seat is provided with a detector mounting hole for mounting the detector and an occluder mounting hole for mounting the occluder.

[0035] As a further improvement, two L-shaped support brackets are installed on the shield shell, and the movable seat is located between the two support brackets and supported by the two support brackets.

[0036] As a further improvement, an adjusting screw for adjusting the degree of compression between the movable seat and the shield shell is installed on the supporting bracket.

[0037] As a further improvement, the shield shell is provided with a forward stop structure and a reverse stop structure for limiting the forward and reverse movement limit positions of the movable seat respectively. The distance between the forward stop structure and the detection hole satisfies the forward movement limit position of the movable seat, which is the blocking position, and the distance between the reverse stop structure and the detection hole satisfies the reverse movement limit position of the movable seat, which is the detection position.

[0038] As a further improvement, a telescopic device for driving the movable seat to move is provided between the shield shell and the movable seat, one end of the telescopic device is fixed to the shield shell, and the other end is connected to the movable seat through a push-pull member.

[0039] As a further improvement, the direction in which the telescopic output end of the telescopic device moves when it extends outward is defined as forward, and the push-pull member is connected to the front end of the movable seat.

[0040] As a further improvement, the shield body further comprises a nozzle which can be connected to a jet pipe and spray a jet medium to flush or blow out the mud residue blocking the detection hole.

[0041] As a further improvement, the nozzle is mounted on the detector, and when the movable seat is located at the detection position, the nozzle is located below the detection hole.

[0042] As a further improvement, the non-contact ranging sensor is a radar ranging sensor.

[0043] As a further improvement, the moving direction of the movable seat is parallel to the axial direction of the shield shell.

[0044] The present utility model is an improved invention, and its beneficial effects are as follows: during implementation, since the detector is equipped with a non-contact detector, the gap between the shield shell and the soil can be measured through the detection hole, thereby determining the degree of soil collapse. Compared with the contact probe in the prior art, the detector in the present utility model will not cause the soil to be compressed during distance measurement, and the measured results are more accurate. At the same time, after the results are measured, the movable seat can drive the plug in the plugger to move to the position of the detection hole, and the plug will block the detection hole to prevent the wall debris or water from entering the shield shell. At this time, the detector moves to the side of the detection hole and is not directly exposed, thereby avoiding the soil from rubbing against the detector during normal excavation, and also ensuring the service life of the detector.

[0045] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a technical solution for a tunnel boring machine as follows:

[0046] A tunnel boring machine includes a shield body, which includes a shield shell. A mounting hole is provided on the top of the shield shell, and a shield body top collapse detection device is installed at the mounting hole. The shield body top collapse detection device includes a fixed plate fixed to the mounting hole on the top of the shield shell, a movable seat movable relative to the fixed plate is installed on the fixed plate, a through detection hole is provided on the fixed plate, a detector and a plugger are installed on the movable seat, the detector is equipped with a non-contact ranging sensor, and the plugger is equipped with a plug having one end capable of entering and blocking the detection hole. In the moving path of the movable seat, there are a detection position in which the detector faces the detection hole to detect the gap between the shield shell and the soil, and a blocking position in which one end of the plug enters and blocks the detection hole.

[0047] As a further improvement, the fixed plate and the movable seat are tightly fitted and sealed, and the movable seat is provided with a detector mounting hole for mounting the detector and an occluder mounting hole for mounting the occluder.

[0048] As a further improvement, two L-shaped support brackets are installed on the fixed plate, and the movable seat is located between the two support brackets and supported by the two support brackets.

[0049] As a further improvement, an adjusting screw for adjusting the tightness between the movable seat and the fixed plate is installed on the support bracket.

[0050] As a further improvement, a forward stop structure and a reverse stop structure are provided on the fixed plate for limiting the forward and reverse movement limit positions of the movable seat respectively. The distance between the forward stop structure and the detection hole satisfies the forward movement limit position of the movable seat, which is the blocking position, and the distance between the reverse stop structure and the detection hole satisfies the reverse movement limit position of the movable seat, which is the detection position.

[0051] As a further improvement, a telescopic device for driving the movable seat to move is provided between the fixed plate and the movable seat, one end of the telescopic device is fixed to the fixed plate, and the other end is connected to the movable seat through a push-pull member.

[0052] As a further improvement, the direction in which the telescopic output end of the telescopic device moves when it extends outward is defined as forward, and the push-pull member is connected to the front end of the movable seat.

[0053] As a further improvement, the shield top collapse detection device further comprises a nozzle which can be connected to a jet pipe and spray a jet medium to flush or blow out the mud residue blocking the detection hole.

[0054] As a further improvement, the nozzle is mounted on the detector, and when the movable seat is located at the detection position, the nozzle is located below the detection hole.

[0055] As a further improvement, the non-contact ranging sensor is a radar ranging sensor.

[0056] As a further improvement, the moving direction of the movable seat is parallel to the axial direction of the shield shell.

[0057] The present utility model is an improved invention, and its beneficial effects are as follows: during implementation, since the detector is equipped with a non-contact detector, the gap between the shield shell and the soil can be measured through the detection hole, thereby determining the degree of soil collapse. Compared with the contact probe in the prior art, the detector in the present utility model will not cause the soil to be compressed during distance measurement, and the measured results are more accurate. At the same time, after the results are measured, the movable seat can drive the plug in the plugger to move to the position of the detection hole, and the plug will block the detection hole to prevent the wall debris or water from entering the shield shell. At this time, the detector moves to the side of the detection hole and is not directly exposed, thereby avoiding the soil from rubbing against the detector during normal excavation, and also ensuring the service life of the detector.

[0058] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, another technical solution of a tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention is:

[0059] A tunnel boring machine includes a shield body, which includes a shield shell. A movable seat that can move relative to the shield shell is installed on the shield shell. The shield shell is provided with a through detection hole. A detector and a plugger are installed on the movable seat. The detector is equipped with a non-contact ranging sensor. The plugger is equipped with a plug with one end capable of entering and blocking the detection hole. In the moving path of the movable seat, there are a detection position where the detector faces the detection hole to detect the gap between the shield shell and the soil, and a blocking position where one end of the plug enters and blocks the detection hole.

[0060] As a further improvement, the shield shell and the movable seat are tightly fitted and sealed, and the movable seat is provided with a detector mounting hole for mounting the detector and an occluder mounting hole for mounting the occluder.

[0061] As a further improvement, two L-shaped support brackets are installed on the shield shell, and the movable seat is located between the two support brackets and supported by the two support brackets.

[0062] As a further improvement, an adjusting screw for adjusting the degree of compression between the movable seat and the shield shell is installed on the supporting bracket.

[0063] As a further improvement, the shield shell is provided with a forward stop structure and a reverse stop structure for limiting the forward and reverse movement limit positions of the movable seat respectively. The distance between the forward stop structure and the detection hole satisfies the forward movement limit position of the movable seat, which is the blocking position, and the distance between the reverse stop structure and the detection hole satisfies the reverse movement limit position of the movable seat, which is the detection position.

[0064] As a further improvement, a telescopic device for driving the movable seat to move is provided between the shield shell and the movable seat, one end of the telescopic device is fixed to the shield shell, and the other end is connected to the movable seat through a push-pull member.

[0065] As a further improvement, the direction in which the telescopic output end of the telescopic device moves when it extends outward is defined as forward, and the push-pull member is connected to the front end of the movable seat.

[0066] As a further improvement, the shield body further comprises a nozzle which can be connected to a jet pipe and spray a jet medium to flush or blow out the mud residue blocking the detection hole.

[0067] As a further improvement, the nozzle is mounted on the detector, and when the movable seat is located at the detection position, the nozzle is located below the detection hole.

[0068] As a further improvement, the non-contact ranging sensor is a radar ranging sensor.

[0069] As a further improvement, the moving direction of the movable seat is parallel to the axial direction of the shield shell.

[0070] The present utility model is an improved invention, and its beneficial effects are as follows: during implementation, since the detector is equipped with a non-contact detector, the gap between the shield shell and the soil can be measured through the detection hole, thereby determining the degree of soil collapse. Compared with the contact probe in the prior art, the detector in the present utility model will not cause the soil to be compressed during distance measurement, and the measured results are more accurate. At the same time, after the results are measured, the movable seat can drive the plug in the plugger to move to the position of the detection hole, and the plug will block the detection hole to prevent the wall debris or water from entering the shield shell. At this time, the detector moves to the side of the detection hole and is not directly exposed, thereby avoiding the soil from rubbing against the detector during normal excavation, and also ensuring the service life of the detector. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0071] Figure 1 This is a bottom view of the embodiment of the shield top collapse detection device of the present invention installed behind the shield shell;

[0072] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along line AA;

[0073] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along line BB.

[0074] Description of reference numerals:

[0075] 1. Shield; 2. Fixing plate; 201. Detection hole; 202. Front rib; 203. Rear rib; 3. Movable seat; 4. Support bracket; 5. Driving cylinder; 501. Push-pull member; 6. Adjusting top screw; 7. Blocker; 701. Plug; 702. Plug seal; 703. Adjusting stud; 704. Flange; 8. Sealing ring; 9. Connecting stud; 10. Detector; 1001. Wiring harness; 1002. Connecting screw; 11. Jet pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0076] At present, the distance between the shield shell and the soil is often used to judge the collapse of the soil. However, different soils have different densities, and contact probes easily compress the soil, making it difficult to accurately measure the distance between the shield shell and the soil. In order to solve the above problems, the basic technical concept of the utility model is to provide a shield top collapse detection device that uses a detector based on the principle of non-contact distance measurement to detect the distance between the shield shell and the soil. In order to prevent the detector from being worn by the soil, the detector is installed on a movable seat, and a plug is provided on the movable seat. When detection is not needed, the plug can block the detection hole to prevent the detector from being directly exposed, thereby ensuring the service life of the detector.

[0077] The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings.

[0078] Specific embodiments of the shield top collapse detection device provided by the utility model:

[0079] The shield top collapse detection device provided in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, it includes a fixing plate 2, which is used to be fixed to the mounting hole on the top of the shield shell 1. The specific fixing method can be bolt flange 704 connection or welding, preferably welding. A movable seat 3 that can move along the fixing plate 2 is installed on the fixing plate 2. Figure 1-Figure 3 The movable seat 3 shown moves in the direction of the axis of the shield shell 1. For a circular shield shell 1, the top axis direction has more space, which is convenient for arranging various components. In other embodiments, depending on the spatial layout of the top of the shield shell 1, the movable seat 3 can also move in the horizontal direction if there is enough space.

[0080] A detector 10 and a plug 7 are installed on the movable seat 3. The function of the detector 10 is to detect the distance between the shield shell 1 and the soil. It is equipped with a non-contact distance measuring sensor. The non-contact sensor can be an ultrasonic distance measuring sensor, a laser distance measuring sensor, a radar distance measuring sensor, an infrared distance measuring sensor, etc. A through detection hole 201 is provided on the fixed plate 2. The signal of the non-contact sensor can reach the soil through the detection hole 201, thereby realizing distance measurement. The function of the plug 7 is to block the detection hole 201 after the detection is completed to prevent the detector 10 from being directly exposed and to prevent the soil from causing wear of the detector 10. Specifically, the plug 7 should include a columnar plug, i.e., a plug 701. One end of the plug 701 can enter the detection hole 201 to block the detection hole 201. Switching between the detection state and the blocking state is achieved by moving the movable seat 3 to different positions. As Figure 2 As shown, the detector 10 is located opposite the detection hole 201. At this time, the detector 10 can measure the state between the shield 1 and the soil. At this time, the movable seat 3 is in the detection position. After the detection is completed, the movable seat 3 moves to the left in the figure, and the plug 701 of the detector 10 enters the detection hole 201 and blocks the detection hole 201. At this time, the movable seat 3 is in the blocking position. Naturally, in order to be able to upload the detection results to the host computer, the detector 10 also includes a communication module. Figure 2 A wired transmission method is provided, that is, the detector 10 is also connected to a wire harness 1001 and can be communicated with the host computer through the wire harness 1001.

[0081] Compared to contact-based detection in the prior art, the detector 10 in this embodiment does not directly contact the soil during distance measurement, thus preventing soil compression. The measurement results more accurately reflect the degree of soil collapse. Furthermore, after the test is complete, the detector 10 moves to the side, and the plug 701 in the plug 7 seals the test hole 201. This prevents soil from entering the test hole 201 during excavation and causing wear on the detector 10, thereby ensuring the service life of the plug 7.

[0082] Specifically, if Figure 3 As shown, two L-shaped support brackets 4 are mounted on the fixed plate, with the movable seat 3 positioned between and supported by the two support brackets 4. This structure requires no material removal from the fixed plate 2, resulting in lower costs and ease of implementation. Of course, in other embodiments, guide grooves, such as dovetail grooves, may be machined on the fixed plate 2, within which the movable seat 3 moves.

[0083] When the shield top collapse detection device is used in a shield machine, in order to maintain the pressure of the excavation chamber, the movable seat 3 and the fixed plate 2 should be tightly sealed. Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the side surface of the movable seat 3 facing the fixed plate 2 is in close contact with the fixed plate 2, and a sealing ring 8 is provided between the two, and the sealing ring 8 is in a compressed state. On this basis, in order to ensure that the detector 10 and the plug 7 can be installed normally, a detector mounting hole and a plug mounting hole are provided on the movable seat 3. When installing the detector 10, the connecting screw 1002 can be used to fix the outer shell of the detector 10 on the movable seat 3. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the outer shell of the detector 10 and the movable seat 3 are welded together. If the shield top collapse detection device is used for a TBM (hard rock tunnel boring machine), the movable seat 3 and the fixed plate 2 may not be tightly sealed.

[0084] Specifically, if Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the lower end of the plug 701 of the plug 7 is connected to a flange 704 via a connecting stud 9. A plurality of adjusting studs 703 are axially passed through the flange 704. Each adjusting stud 703 is connected to at least one adjusting nut. When the detection hole 201 needs to be blocked, the adjusting nut is rotated to push the plug 701 toward the detection hole 201 and into the detection hole 201. In other words, Figure 2 and Figure 3 A manual screw-nut mechanism is provided to adjust the movement of the plunger 701. Of course, in other embodiments, an electric push rod or hydraulic cylinder can be used to move the plunger 701. Furthermore, to ensure a sealing effect, a plunger seal 702 is provided on the periphery of the plunger 701.

[0085] Furthermore, in order to ensure a reliable seal between the movable seat 3 and the fixed plate 2 and to avoid damage to the sealing ring 8 when the movable seat 3 moves, in this embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the support bracket 4 is also equipped with an adjustment screw 6 for adjusting the tightness between the movable seat 3 and the fixed plate 2. In the normal sealing state, the adjustment screw 6 is tightened to press the movable seat 3 against the fixed plate 2. When the movable seat 3 moves, the adjustment screw 6 can be loosened appropriately to reduce the friction between the movable seat 3 and the fixed plate 2.

[0086] In order to accurately judge whether the movable seat 3 has moved to the right position, in this embodiment, a positive stop structure and a reverse stop structure are further provided on the fixed plate 2. Figure 2Movement to the right is the positive direction, and the distance between the positive stop structure and the detection hole 201 satisfies the positive movement limit position of the movable seat 3, which is the blocking position, and the distance between the reverse stop structure and the detection hole 201 satisfies the reverse movement limit position of the movable seat 3, which is the detection position. In this way, when the movable seat 3 just hits the positive / reverse stop structure, it can be said that the movable seat 3 has moved into place, which is convenient for the staff to operate. Specifically, the positive stop structure can be the front retaining edge 202 on the fixed plate 2, and the reverse stop structure can be the rear retaining edge 203 on the fixed plate 2. In order to install the movable seat 3, a flat surface can be machined on the fixed plate 2. At this time, a groove structure on the fixed plate 2 will be formed, and the front retaining edge 202 and the rear retaining edge 203 are respectively composed of the two side groove side walls of the groove. Of course, in other embodiments, the positive stop structure and the reverse stop structure can be a baffle welded or bolted to the fixed plate 2.

[0087] In addition, in order to facilitate the staff to operate the movable seat 3 to move, this embodiment is also equipped with a driving device connected between the movable seat 3 and the fixed plate 2. Compared with the way that the staff directly pushes the movable seat 3 to move, this can greatly reduce the labor intensity of the staff. Specifically, the driving device is a telescopic device, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 The driving oil cylinder 5 has one end fixed on the fixed plate 2 and the other end connected to the movable seat 3 via a push-pull member 501. In other embodiments, the driving oil cylinder 5 can also be replaced by an electric push rod or an electric cylinder.

[0088] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the direction of movement when the telescopic output end of the telescopic device extends outward is defined as forward, and the push-pull member 501 is connected to the front end of the movable seat 3. Specifically, the push-pull member 501 can be a rod-shaped structure. This makes the shield top collapse detection device more compact, taking up less space in the front-to-back direction, and avoiding interference with the installation of other equipment within the shield.

[0089] Considering that during construction in some strata, after the plug 701 is removed, mud residue may enter the detection hole 201, thereby affecting the detection results. In this embodiment, the shield top collapse detection device also includes a nozzle (not shown in the figure). The nozzle can be connected to the jet pipe 11 and emit a high-pressure jet medium, which can specifically be a water jet or a gas jet. For a water jet, the nozzle can be directed toward the detection hole 201 to emit high-pressure water to flush the detection hole 201 and flush the mud residue out of the detection hole 201. For a gas jet, the nozzle can be directed toward the detection hole 201 to emit high-pressure gas to blow out the mud residue in the detection hole 201. It should be noted that under normal conditions, the plug 701 blocks the detection hole 201. Even if there is mud residue in the detection hole 201, the amount of mud residue will not be too large. The jet pressure does not need to be too high, and it is sufficient to flush the mud residue out of the detection hole 201. Therefore, the soil will not be damaged, ensuring the accuracy of the detection results.

[0090] In actual application, for downhill working conditions, the flushed mud and debris will flow forward to the tunnel face under the action of gravity, enter the excavation chamber through the cutterhead, and be discharged backward. For uphill working conditions, a recovery hole can be provided on the shield 1, and a recovery pipe can be connected to the recovery hole. The flushed mud and debris will flow backward through the recovery hole and recovery pipe to the slag storage box.

[0091] Preferably, the nozzle is integrated with the detector 10. When the movable seat 3 is in the detection position, the nozzle is located below the detection hole 201. Specifically, a pipe connected to the jet pipe 11 can be provided on the detector 10 to connect to the nozzle. This approach creates a more compact shield top collapse detection device.

[0092] When a nozzle is configured, a radar speed sensor is preferably used. The signal emitted by the radar speed sensor has strong penetrating ability and stronger anti-interference performance, and can ensure detection accuracy even if some mud residue flows back.

[0093] Of course, in other embodiments, it is not difficult to understand that the nozzle can also be installed separately on the movable seat, and the moving stroke of the movable seat should be sufficient to enable the nozzle to move to the position below the detection hole.

[0094] It should be noted that for TBMs excavating in hard rock formations with good stability and low water content, the shield top collapse detection device may not be equipped with a nozzle.

[0095] Specific embodiment 1 of the shield body in the utility model:

[0096] The shield body includes a shield shell, a mounting hole is provided on the top of the shield shell, and a shield body top collapse detection device is installed at the mounting hole. The shield body top collapse detection device is consistent with the shield body top collapse detection device in the embodiment of the shield body top collapse detection device, and will not be described in detail here.

[0097] Specific embodiment 2 of the shield in the utility model:

[0098] The shield body in this embodiment is different from that in embodiment 1 in that the shield shell in this embodiment is a complete integrated structure, and no mounting holes are provided. The detection hole is directly provided on the top of the shield shell, and the movable seat directly cooperates with the shield shell. Figure 2 The middle fixed plate 2 is regarded as a part of the complete shield shell 1. The structures such as the detector, the occluder, the support bracket and the like are consistent with the structures such as the detector, the occluder, the support bracket and the like described in the embodiment of the shield body top collapse detection device. The installation and matching relationship between the detector, the occluder, the support bracket and the like and the shield shell is consistent with the installation and matching relationship between the detector, the occluder, the support bracket and the like and the fixed plate in the embodiment of the shield body top collapse detection device, and will not be described in detail here.

[0099] Specific embodiment 1 of the tunnel boring machine in the utility model:

[0100] The tunnel boring machine in this embodiment includes the shield body in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 of the shield body, which will not be described in detail here.

[0101] Specific embodiment 2 of the tunnel boring machine in the utility model:

[0102] The tunnel boring machine in this embodiment includes the shield body in the above-mentioned embodiment 2 of the shield body, which will not be described in detail here.

[0103] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments without inventive effort, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shield top collapse detection device, characterized in that: The utility model comprises a fixing plate for fixing the mounting hole on the top of the shield shell, a movable seat movable relative to the fixing plate is installed on the fixing plate, a through detection hole is provided on the fixing plate, a detector and a plugger are installed on the movable seat, the detector is equipped with a non-contact ranging sensor, the plugger is equipped with a plug having one end capable of entering and blocking the detection hole, and a detection position in which the detector faces the detection hole to detect the gap between the shield shell and the soil, and a blocking position in which one end of the plugger enters and blocks the detection hole.

2. The shield top collapse detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed plate and the movable seat are tightly fitted and sealed. The movable seat is provided with a detector mounting hole for mounting a detector and an occluder mounting hole for mounting an occluder.

3. The shield top collapse detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two L-shaped supporting brackets are installed on the fixed plate, and the movable seat is located between the two supporting brackets and supported by the two supporting brackets.

4. The shield top collapse detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support bracket is provided with an adjusting screw for adjusting the closeness between the movable seat and the fixed plate.

5. The shield top collapse detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The fixed plate is provided with a forward stop structure and a reverse stop structure for limiting the forward and reverse movement limit positions of the movable seat respectively. The distance between the forward stop structure and the detection hole satisfies the forward movement limit position of the movable seat, which is the blocking position, and the distance between the reverse stop structure and the detection hole satisfies the reverse movement limit position of the movable seat, which is the detection position.

6. The shield top collapse detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A telescopic device for driving the movable seat to move is provided between the fixed plate and the movable seat. One end of the telescopic device is fixed on the fixed plate, and the other end is connected to the movable seat through a push-pull member.

7. The shield top collapse detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The direction in which the telescopic output end of the telescopic device moves when it extends outward is defined as forward, and the push-pull member is connected to the front end of the movable seat.

8. The shield top collapse detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shield top collapse detection device also includes a nozzle which can be connected to a jet pipe and sprays jet medium to flush or blow out mud residue blocking the detection hole.

9. The shield top collapse detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The nozzle is installed on the detector, and when the movable seat is located at the detection position, the nozzle is located below the detection hole.

10. The shield top collapse detection device according to any one of claims 1-4, 8, and 9, characterized in that: The non-contact distance measurement sensor is a radar distance measurement sensor.

11. A shield body, comprising a shield shell, a mounting hole being provided on the top of the shield shell, and a shield body top collapse detection device being installed at the mounting hole, wherein: The shield top collapse detection device is the shield top collapse detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The shield according to claim 11, wherein: The moving direction of the movable seat is parallel to the axial direction of the shield shell.

13. A shield body, comprising a shield shell, characterized in that: A movable seat that can move relative to the shield shell is installed on the shield shell, a through detection hole is provided on the shield shell, a detector and a plugger are installed on the movable seat, the detector is equipped with a non-contact ranging sensor, and the plugger is equipped with a plug with one end capable of entering and blocking the detection hole. In the moving path of the movable seat, there is a detection position where the detector faces the detection hole to detect the gap between the shield shell and the soil, and a blocking position where one end of the plug enters and blocks the detection hole.

14. The shield according to claim 13, wherein: The shield shell and the movable seat are tightly fitted and sealed. The movable seat is provided with a detector mounting hole for mounting a detector and a plugger mounting hole for mounting a plugger.

15. The shield according to claim 14, wherein: Two L-shaped supporting brackets are installed on the shield shell, and the movable seat is located between the two supporting brackets and supported by the two supporting brackets.

16. The shield according to claim 15, wherein: An adjusting screw for adjusting the pressing degree between the movable seat and the shield shell is installed on the supporting bracket.

17. The shield according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein: The shield shell is provided with a forward stop structure and a reverse stop structure for limiting the forward and reverse movement limit positions of the movable seat respectively. The distance between the forward stop structure and the detection hole satisfies the forward movement limit position of the movable seat, which is the blocking position, and the distance between the reverse stop structure and the detection hole satisfies the reverse movement limit position of the movable seat, which is the detection position.

18. The shield according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein: A telescopic device for driving the movable seat to move is provided between the shield shell and the movable seat. One end of the telescopic device is fixed on the shield shell, and the other end is connected to the movable seat through a push-pull piece.

19. The shield according to claim 18, wherein: The direction in which the telescopic output end of the telescopic device moves when it extends outward is defined as forward, and the push-pull member is connected to the front end of the movable seat.

20. The shield according to claim 13, wherein: The shield body also includes a nozzle which can be connected to a jet pipe and spray jet medium to flush or blow out mud residue blocking the detection hole.

21. The shield according to claim 20, wherein: The nozzle is installed on the detector, and when the movable seat is located at the detection position, the nozzle is located below the detection hole.

22. The shield according to any one of claims 13-16, 20, and 21, wherein: The non-contact distance measurement sensor is a radar distance measurement sensor.

23. The shield according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein: The moving direction of the movable seat is parallel to the axial direction of the shield shell.

24. The shield according to claim 17, wherein: The moving direction of the movable seat is parallel to the axial direction of the shield shell.

25. A tunnel boring machine comprising a shield, characterized in that: The shield body is the shield body according to claim 11 or 12.

26. A tunnel boring machine comprising a shield, characterized in that: The shield body is the shield body described in any one of claims 13-24.

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