Battery box body and battery stacking module

Abstract

The utility model relates to a battery box and battery stack module, including battery compartment and battery management unit, said battery management unit is installed in said battery compartment, the bottom of said battery compartment is equipped with the plug-in female socket, the top of said battery compartment is equipped with the plug-in male socket, the plug-in male socket is equipped with the plug-in female socket, and the plug-in male socket is equipped with the plug-in male socket. The plug-in female seat and the plug-in male head are communicated with a first diversion trench in the battery compartment, a first exhaust port is formed in one end, close to the battery management unit, of the first diversion trench, and a first anti-reflux assembly is mounted on the first exhaust port. The beneficial effects of the utility model lie in that the heat management effect is good, the overall fire risk can be reduced, and the safety performance can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of energy storage battery boxes, and in particular to a battery box and a battery stacking module. Background Art

[0002] The current rapid development of new energy sources, coupled with uneven regional development of power systems and localized power surpluses and shortages, is facing a critical stage of energy model transformation and upgrading. Driven by this backdrop, the energy storage industry, driven by its purpose of optimizing power distribution and addressing a range of energy structure issues, has exploded in recent years. Demand is expected to maintain rapid growth for a long time to come, with the market rapidly introducing new products. However, insufficient design considerations have been given to battery safety performance in the household and industrial energy storage sector, lacking the same level of research and development efforts as those for new energy vehicle batteries. Current household and industrial energy storage batteries have rapidly accumulated installed capacity and will face a series of issues, including the first wave of cell life expiration, in the next few years. Due to the natural properties of materials like lithium batteries, battery fires and even explosions are inevitable. Given the huge cumulative installed capacity, even if the proportion of problematic batteries is extremely low, it will still have a widespread impact. The industry needs to invest more in safety research and development to continuously optimize the safety of battery fires, a major safety issue.

[0003] Existing energy storage battery boxes are only designed for normal use under non-fire conditions. When the battery catches fire, it will burst into flames and expand. If the battery box shell is not designed with a pressure relief or diversion mechanism, the internal temperature of the battery box will expand, and flames will burst out and ignite everything around it. High-voltage stacked energy storage batteries are multiple battery boxes stacked together. If a single battery box catches fire, it will ignite the battery next door, causing the entire stack of energy storage batteries to be ignited. This will ignite other equipment and other items in the site due to the bursting of fire and explosion, thereby causing a larger fire accident. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the present utility model is to provide a battery box and a battery stack module with good thermal management effect, which can reduce the overall fire risk and improve the safety performance.

[0005] A battery box includes a battery compartment and a battery management unit, wherein the battery management unit is installed in the battery compartment, a female socket is provided at the bottom of the battery compartment, and a male plug is provided at the top of the battery compartment. The female socket and the male plug are connected to a first guide groove on the battery compartment, and a first exhaust port is provided at one end of the first guide groove close to the battery management unit, and a first backflow prevention component is installed on the first exhaust port.

[0006] In the above scheme, when the battery management unit is charged and discharged at maximum power, the current will generate heat accumulation. The excess heat can break through the first backflow prevention component and be discharged through the first guide groove, which can reduce the maximum temperature of the battery management unit. When a fire occurs in the battery compartment, a high-temperature and high-pressure airflow is generated. The high-temperature and high-pressure airflow can break through the first backflow prevention component and allow the gas to be discharged from the first exhaust port and then discharged outward through the first guide groove, thereby helping to cool the battery case, delaying the fire that may overflow due to the high-temperature expansion inside the battery case, and buying time for fire extinguishing. The male and female plugs provided on the battery compartment can connect the first guide groove when two battery cases are stacked together. The female and male plugs facilitate the stacking of battery cases. If one of the two or more stacked battery cases catches fire, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas therein can be discharged through the first exhaust port and along the first guide groove. The first backflow prevention component provided on the single battery case can prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow from rushing into the battery case that is not on fire, so that the case that is not on fire will not be quickly ignited, minimizing more property losses.

[0007] Furthermore, the first anti-backflow component includes a first one-way valve plate and a first rebound hinge, the first rebound hinge includes a main hinge and a sub-hinge, the main hinge is installed on the side wall of the first guide groove, and the sub-hinge is connected to the first one-way valve plate.

[0008] In the above scheme, the first rebound hinge consists of a main hinge and a sub-hinge, so that the first one-way valve plate can remain open when needed, and automatically close when the airflow stops or the airflow direction changes; the main hinge is fixed to the side wall of the first guide groove, providing stable support, while the sub-hinge is connected to the one-way valve plate, so that the one-way valve plate can be reliably opened and closed when subjected to force.

[0009] Furthermore, first shielding ribs are provided around the first exhaust port, and the first one-way valve plate is covered on the first shielding ribs when in a closed state.

[0010] In the above scheme, since the closing force of the rebound hinge is limited, the first shielding side rib can prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow ejected from the battery box on fire from passing through the first exhaust port of other battery boxes. The high-speed airflow directly impacts the gap between the rebound hinge and the guide groove and opens a part of it. This will cause the flame of the battery box on fire to ignite other battery boxes. The first shielding side rib can obviously block the high-speed airflow from opening the spring hinge, thereby better isolating the flame.

[0011] Furthermore, a step groove is formed on the outer periphery of the first shielding rib, and the first one-way valve plate is embedded in the step groove.

[0012] In the above scheme, the design of the step groove allows the first one-way valve plate to be tightly embedded in the step groove in the closed state, forming a better seal. This seal can effectively prevent high-temperature and high-pressure airflow from leaking through the gap, thereby improving the overall anti-backflow performance and reducing the risk of flame and gas leakage.

[0013] Furthermore, a rectangular first opening is provided on the female socket, the male plug is in a rectangular structure and extends vertically out of the battery compartment, and a rectangular second opening is provided on the male plug.

[0014] In the above scheme, the rectangular first opening design makes the docking process of the male plug and the female plug more intuitive and simple. The rectangular shape is easy to align, which helps to complete the docking quickly and accurately, reducing the errors and complexity during manual docking. Since the male plug has a rectangular structure and extends vertically outside the battery compartment, this design facilitates the stacking of multiple battery boxes. The second opening can ensure the maximum flow between the male plug and the guide groove, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow can be discharged faster.

[0015] A battery stacking module comprises a battery box as described in any of the above schemes, and also includes a high-voltage return box, a base and a top cover. Several of the battery boxes are stacked and installed on the base. Several of the male plugs are inserted into the female plugs and connected to the first guide groove to form a ventilation channel. The high-voltage return box is installed on the uppermost battery box, and the top cover is installed on the top of the high-voltage return box. The ventilation channel is connected to the high-voltage return box and the exhaust channel on the top cover.

[0016] In the above scheme, the stacked battery boxes, high-voltage return boxes, bases and top covers constitute a battery stacking module, the base is used to support the battery boxes, the top cover is arranged on the high-voltage return box, and the male connectors and female connectors of multiple battery boxes are inserted into each other to form a ventilation channel with the first guide groove. In this way, the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow rushes out from the first exhaust port and rushes along the ventilation channel to the high-pressure return box, and then is discharged through the exhaust channel, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery box and reducing the risk of heat accumulation. The one-way valve plate and the rebound hinge can ensure that the airflow will not enter other battery boxes after one of the battery boxes catches fire, thereby avoiding cross-fire between adjacent battery boxes.

[0017] Furthermore, a second guide groove is provided on the high-pressure reflux box, one end of the second guide groove is connected to the male plug of the uppermost battery box, and the other end is connected to the exhaust channel. A second exhaust port is provided at one end of the second guide groove, and a second anti-backflow component is installed on the second exhaust port.

[0018] In the above solution, the design of the second guide groove can effectively organize and control the flow path of the airflow by guiding the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow from the male plug of the topmost battery box to the exhaust channel, prevent the airflow from spreading disorderly in the system, and improve the airflow management efficiency of the entire battery stack module. The second anti-backflow component installed on the second exhaust port can effectively prevent the airflow from rushing into the high-pressure reflux box, reducing the risk of fire spread.

[0019] Furthermore, the second anti-backflow component includes a second one-way valve plate and a second rebound hinge. The second one-way valve plate is installed on the guide groove through the second rebound hinge to open and close in one direction. The second exhaust port is surrounded by a second shielding rib.

[0020] In the above solution, the design of the second one-way valve plate ensures that the airflow can only pass from one direction, that is, from the second guide groove to the exhaust channel, thereby preventing the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow from rushing into the high-pressure return box. If a fire also occurs in the high-pressure return box to generate high-pressure and high-temperature airflow, the airflow can be discharged through the second exhaust port and flow into the exhaust channel. The second shielding edge rib is arranged around the second exhaust port, which enhances the sealing between the second exhaust port and the one-way valve plate, thereby reducing the risk of fire spreading.

[0021] Furthermore, the exhaust channel is connected to an external exhaust pipe.

[0022] In the above solution, the design of the external exhaust pipe ensures that the gas can be safely guided to the outside of the system, helps prevent high-temperature gas from being directly released into the environment, reduces the impact on the environment, and improves the environmental friendliness of the system.

[0023] Furthermore, it also includes a connecting socket male head and a connecting socket female head, the connecting socket female head is arranged at the bottom of the battery box and adjacent to the plug-in female seat, and the connecting socket male head is arranged at the top of the battery box and adjacent to the plug-in male head.

[0024] In the above solution, the male and female connectors allow for easy modular connection of the battery boxes. The male connectors at the top and female connectors at the bottom allow each battery box to easily connect with adjacent battery boxes, forming a stable battery stack module.

[0025] The battery box and battery stacking module of the utility model have the beneficial effects of good thermal management effect, reducing the overall fire risk and improving safety performance. When the battery management unit uses maximum power to charge and discharge, heat accumulation will be generated. When the heat accumulation is too much and a fire occurs, a high-temperature and high-pressure airflow will be generated in the battery compartment. The high-temperature and high-pressure airflow can break through the first anti-backflow component and allow the gas to be discharged from the first exhaust port, and then discharged outward through the first guide groove, thereby helping to cool down the inside of the battery case, delaying the fire that may overflow due to the high-temperature expansion inside the battery case, and buying time for fire extinguishing. The male and female sockets provided on the battery compartment can connect the first guide groove when two battery cases are stacked together. The female sockets and male sockets facilitate the stacking of battery cases. If one of the two or more stacked battery cases catches fire, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas therein can be discharged through the first exhaust port and along the first guide groove. The first anti-backflow component provided on a single battery case can prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow from rushing into the battery case that has not caught fire, so that the case that has not caught fire will not be quickly ignited, thereby minimizing more property losses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A perspective view of a battery case according to an embodiment.

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0028] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a front view of a battery stack module according to an embodiment.

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0030] Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a side view of an overall battery stack module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of CC.

[0032] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of the .

[0033] Figure 8 A side perspective view of a battery stack module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Cross-sectional view of DD.

[0035] Figure 10 FIG1 is a perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of a battery stacking module according to an embodiment.

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the top-level battery box and the high-voltage return box in one embodiment.

[0037] Explanation of the accompanying numbers: 1. Battery compartment; 2. Battery management unit; 3. Male plug; 31. Second opening; 4. Female plug; 41. First opening; 5. First guide groove; 6. First anti-backflow component; 61. First one-way valve plate; 62. First rebound hinge; 621. Sub-hinge; 622. Female hinge; 7. Step groove; 8. First shielding edge rib; 9. Ventilation channel; 10. Exhaust channel; 11. Second guide groove; 12. Second anti-backflow component; 13. Second exhaust port; 14. Second shielding edge rib; 15. External exhaust pipe; 16. Female connector of connecting socket; 17. Male connector of connecting socket; 100. Battery case; 200. High-pressure reflux box; 300. Base; 400. Top cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The battery box and battery stacking module of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in a preferred embodiment, a battery box 100 of the utility model includes a battery compartment 1 and a battery management unit 2, the battery management unit 2 is installed in the battery compartment 1, the bottom of the battery compartment 1 is provided with a female socket 4, the top of the battery compartment 1 is provided with a male plug 3, the female socket 4 and the male plug 3 are connected to the first guide groove 5 on the battery compartment 1, the first guide groove 5 is provided with a first exhaust port at one end close to the battery management unit 2, and the first exhaust port is provided with a first anti-backflow component 6. When the battery management unit 2 uses maximum power for charging and discharging, the current will generate heat accumulation, and the excess heat can break through the first anti-backflow component 6 and be discharged through the first guide groove 5, which can reduce the extreme temperature of the battery management unit 2 and indirectly improve the charging and discharging power and life of the battery management unit 2; when a fire occurs in the battery compartment 1, a high-temperature and high-pressure airflow is generated, and the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow can break through the first anti-backflow component 6 so that the gas is discharged from the first exhaust port, and then discharged outward through the first guide groove 5, thereby helping to cool down the inside of the battery box 100, delaying the fire that may overflow due to the high-temperature expansion inside the battery box 100, and buying time for fire extinguishing. The male plug 3 and the female plug 4 provided on the battery compartment 1 can connect the first guide groove 5 when two battery boxes 100 are stacked together. The female plug 4 and the male plug 3 facilitate the stacking of the battery boxes 100. If one of the two or more stacked battery boxes 100 catches fire, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas therein can be discharged through the first exhaust port and discharged along the first guide groove 5. The first anti-backflow component 6 provided on the single battery box 100 can prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow from rushing into the battery box 100 that has not caught fire, so that the battery box 100 that has not caught fire will not be quickly ignited, thereby minimizing more property losses.

[0040] like Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the first anti-backflow assembly 6 includes a first one-way valve plate 61 and a first rebound hinge 62. The first rebound hinge 62 includes a main hinge 622 and a sub-hinge 621. The main hinge 622 is mounted on the side wall of the first guide groove 5, and the sub-hinge 621 is connected to the first one-way valve plate 61. The first rebound hinge 62, consisting of the main hinge 622 and the sub-hinge 621, allows the first one-way valve plate 61 to remain open when needed and automatically close when the airflow stops or the airflow direction changes. The main hinge 622 is fixed to the side wall of the first guide groove 5 to provide stable support, while the sub-hinge 621 is connected to the one-way valve plate, allowing the one-way valve plate to reliably open and close when subjected to force.

[0041] Specifically, when heat energy is released or a fire occurs in the battery box 100, the high-pressure gas generated will push open the first one-way valve plate 61, thereby releasing the high-temperature airflow into the first guide groove 5. In a normal state, the battery box 100 has a first rebound hinge 62 to prevent the high-temperature airflow from rushing into the box, thereby avoiding a chain reaction that may cause a larger fire.

[0042] like Figures 5 to 7 As shown, in some embodiments, a first shielding rib 8 is provided around the first exhaust port, and the first one-way valve plate 61 is covered on the first shielding rib 8 when the first one-way valve plate 61 is in the closed state. Since the closing force of the rebound hinge is limited, the first shielding rib 8 can prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow ejected from the battery box 100 on fire from directly impacting the gap between the rebound hinge and the guide groove when passing through the first exhaust port of other battery boxes 100. This would cause the flame of the battery box on fire to ignite other battery boxes 100. The first shielding rib 8 can significantly prevent the high-speed airflow from breaking open the spring hinge, thereby better isolating the flame.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, a stepped groove 7 is formed on the outer periphery of the first shielding rib 8, and the first one-way valve plate 61 is embedded in the stepped groove 7. The design of the stepped groove 7 allows the first one-way valve plate 61 to be tightly embedded in the stepped groove 7 when closed, forming a better seal. This seal can effectively prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow from leaking through the gap, thereby improving the overall anti-backflow performance and reducing the risk of flame and gas leakage.

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, a rectangular first opening 41 is provided on the female connector 4, the male connector 3 is in a rectangular structure and extends vertically outward from the battery compartment 1, and a rectangular second opening 31 is provided on the male connector 3. The rectangular first opening 41 design makes the docking process between the male connector 3 and the female connector 4 more intuitive and simple. The rectangular shape is easy to align, which helps to complete the docking quickly and accurately, reducing the errors and complexity during manual docking. Since the male connector 3 is in a rectangular structure and extends vertically outward from the battery compartment 1, this design facilitates the stacking of multiple battery boxes 100. The second opening 31 can ensure the maximum flow between the male connector 3 and the guide groove, thereby enabling the faster discharge of high-temperature and high-pressure airflow.

[0045] like Figure 5 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown, in a preferred embodiment, a battery stacking module includes a battery case 100 as in any one of the above embodiments, and also includes a high-voltage return box 200, a base 300 and a top cover 400. Several battery cases 100 are stacked and installed on the base 300, several male plugs 3 are inserted into the female plugs 4 and connected to the first guide groove 5 to form a ventilation channel 9, the high-voltage return box 200 is installed on the uppermost battery case 100, the top cover 400 is installed on the top of the high-voltage return box 200, and the ventilation channel 9 is connected to the high-voltage return box 200 and the exhaust channel 10 on the top cover 400. The stacked battery boxes 100, high-voltage return boxes 200, bases 300 and top covers 400 constitute a battery stacking module. The base 300 is used to support the battery boxes 100, and the top cover 400 is provided on the high-voltage return boxes 200. The male connectors 3 and female connectors 4 of multiple battery boxes 100 are inserted into each other to form a ventilation channel 9 with the first guide groove 5. In this way, the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow rushes out from the first exhaust port and rushes toward the high-pressure return box 200 along the ventilation channel 9, and is then discharged through the exhaust channel 10, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery boxes 100 and reducing the risk of heat accumulation. The one-way valve plate and the rebound hinge can ensure that after one of the battery boxes 100 catches fire, the airflow will not enter other battery boxes 100, thereby avoiding cross-fire between adjacent battery boxes 100.

[0046] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, in some embodiments, a second guide groove 11 is provided on the high-pressure return box 200, one end of the second guide groove 11 is connected to the male plug 3 of the uppermost battery box 100, and the other end is connected to the exhaust channel 10. A second exhaust port 13 is provided at one end of the second guide groove 11, and a second anti-backflow component 12 is installed on the second exhaust port 13. The design of the second guide groove 11 can effectively organize and control the flow path of the airflow by guiding the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow from the male plug 3 of the uppermost battery box 100 to the exhaust channel 10, preventing the airflow from spreading disorderly in the system, thereby improving the airflow management efficiency of the entire battery stack module. The second anti-backflow component 12 installed on the second exhaust port 13 can effectively prevent the airflow from rushing into the high-pressure return box 200, reducing the risk of fire spread.

[0047] like Figures 9 to 11As shown, in some embodiments, the second anti-backflow assembly 12 includes a second one-way valve plate and a second rebound hinge. The second one-way valve plate is installed on the guide groove through the second rebound hinge for one-way opening and closing. A second shielding rib 14 is provided around the second exhaust port 13. The design of the second one-way valve plate ensures that the airflow can only pass through in one direction, that is, from the second guide groove 11 to the exhaust channel 10, thereby preventing the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow from rushing into the high-pressure return box 200. If a fire also occurs in the high-pressure return box 200 and generates high-pressure and high-temperature airflow, the airflow can be discharged through the second exhaust port 13 and flow into the exhaust channel 10. The second shielding rib 14 is provided around the second exhaust port 13 to enhance the sealing between the second exhaust port 13 and the one-way valve plate, thereby reducing the risk of fire spreading.

[0048] like Figures 9 to 11 As shown, in some embodiments, an external exhaust pipe 15 is connected to the exhaust channel 10. The design of the external exhaust pipe 15 ensures that the gas can be safely guided to the outside of the system, helps prevent the high-temperature gas from being directly released into the environment, reduces the impact on the environment, and improves the environmental friendliness of the system.

[0049] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, a male connector 17 and a female connector 16 are further included. The female connector 16 is located at the bottom of the battery case 100 and is adjacent to the female connector 4. The male connector 17 is located at the top of the battery case 100 and is adjacent to the male connector 3. The arrangement of the male connector 17 and the female connector 16 allows the battery cases 100 to be easily connected in a modular manner. The design of the male connector 17 at the top and the female connector 16 at the bottom allows each battery case 100 to be easily docked with an adjacent battery case 100, forming a stable battery stack module.

[0050] The present invention provides a working principle and process of a battery box 100 and a battery stacking module. Multiple battery boxes 100 are stacked and installed on a base 300. The male plugs 3 and female plugs 4 of these battery boxes 100 are plugged into each other to form a ventilation channel 9 together with the first guide groove 5. The second guide groove 11 of the high-voltage return box 200 installed on the topmost battery box 100 is plugged into the male plug 3 of the battery box 100 so that the ventilation channel 9 is connected to the second guide groove 11. The second guide groove 11 is connected to the exhaust channel 10 of the upper cover 400. When the battery management unit 2 is charged and discharged at maximum power, the current generates heat accumulation. The excess heat can break the first one-way valve plate 61 and be discharged through the ventilation channel 9, thereby reducing the extreme temperature of the battery management unit 2.

[0051] When the battery management unit 2 generates high-temperature and high-pressure airflow due to a fire, the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow can break open the first one-way valve plate 61 to allow the gas to be discharged from the first exhaust port, and then enter the ventilation channel 9 through the first guide groove 5, and be discharged outward through the second guide groove 11, the exhaust channel 10 and the external exhaust pipe 15, thereby helping to cool down the inside of the battery box 100, delaying the fire that may overflow due to the high-temperature expansion inside the battery box 100, and buying time for fire extinguishing. In a normal state, the battery box 100 has the first rebound hinge 62 and the first shielding side rib 8, and the high-pressure return box has the second rebound hinge and the second shielding side rib 14 to prevent the high-temperature airflow from rushing into the battery box 100 and the high-pressure return box, thereby avoiding triggering a chain reaction and causing a larger fire.

[0052] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0053] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of this utility model, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0054] In this utility model, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection; direct connection, indirect connection through an intermediate medium, internal communication between two components, or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model based on specific circumstances.

[0055] Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above specific embodiments, it is obvious that those skilled in the art can make many substitutions, modifications and variations based on the above content. Therefore, all such substitutions, modifications and variations are included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery box, characterized in that: It includes a battery compartment and a battery management unit, the battery management unit is installed in the battery compartment, a female socket is provided at the bottom of the battery compartment, and a male plug is provided at the top of the battery compartment. The female socket and the male plug are connected to a first guide groove on the battery compartment, and a first exhaust port is provided at one end of the first guide groove close to the battery management unit, and a first backflow prevention component is installed on the first exhaust port.

2. The battery box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first anti-backflow component includes a first one-way valve plate and a first rebound hinge. The first rebound hinge includes a main hinge and a sub-hinge. The main hinge is installed on the side wall of the first guide groove, and the sub-hinge is connected to the first one-way valve plate.

3. The battery box according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first exhaust port is surrounded by first shielding ribs, and the first one-way valve plate is covered on the first shielding ribs in a closed state.

4. The battery box according to claim 3, characterized in that: A step groove is formed on the outer periphery of the first shielding rib, and the first one-way valve plate is embedded in the step groove.

5. The battery box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The female socket is provided with a rectangular first opening, the male plug is in a rectangular structure and extends vertically out of the battery compartment, and the male plug is provided with a rectangular second opening.

6. A battery stack module, characterized in that: It includes a battery box as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 above, and also includes a high-voltage return box, a base and a top cover, several of the battery boxes are stacked and installed on the base, several of the male plugs are inserted into the female plugs and connected to the first guide groove to form a ventilation channel, the high-voltage return box is installed on the uppermost battery box, the top cover is installed on the top of the high-voltage return box, and the ventilation channel is connected to the high-voltage return box and the exhaust channel on the top cover.

7. The battery stack module according to claim 6, characterized in that: A second guide groove is provided on the high-pressure reflux box, one end of the second guide groove is connected to the male plug of the battery box on the top layer, and the other end is connected to the exhaust channel. A second exhaust port is provided at one end of the second guide groove, and a second anti-backflow component is installed on the second exhaust port.

8. The battery stack module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second anti-backflow component includes a second one-way valve plate and a second rebound hinge. The second one-way valve plate is installed on the guide groove through the second rebound hinge for one-way opening and closing. The second exhaust port is surrounded by a second shielding rib.

9. The battery stack module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The exhaust channel is connected to an external exhaust pipe.

10. The battery stack module according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes a connecting socket male head and a connecting socket female head, wherein the connecting socket female head is arranged at the bottom of the battery box and is adjacent to the plug-in female seat, and the connecting socket male head is arranged at the top of the battery box and is adjacent to the plug-in male head.

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