Disassembling and assembling clamp for disassembling and assembling bolster spring wedge of bogie

Abstract

The utility model relates to a disassembly and assembly clamp for disassembly and assembly of a bogie bolster spring wedge, which comprises an electromagnetic iron core, a coil winding, a pneumatic tool, a pen-shaped cylinder and a clamp supporting seat, the electromagnetic iron core is fixedly arranged on the clamp supporting seat, the pneumatic tool is fixedly arranged on the electromagnetic iron core, the pen-shaped air cylinder is fixedly arranged on the clamp supporting seat, and the pen-shaped air cylinder is connected with an air cylinder ejector pin in the pneumatic tool. The pneumatic ejector pin is controlled to reciprocate by adjusting the air pressure of the pen-shaped air cylinder, so that the pneumatic ejector pin penetrates through the electromagnetic iron core to abut against the inner pillow spring; a coil winding is arranged outside the electromagnetic iron core and can attract the outer pillow spring. The assembling and disassembling clamp adopts the combination form of the electromagnet and the pen-shaped air cylinder, the automatic assembling and disassembling operation of the pillow springs and the wedges of the k2 and K6 bogies is facilitated, the structure is simple, the installation and the maintenance are convenient, and the clamp form is also suitable for the automatic assembling and disassembling operation of the pillow springs and the wedges of the k4 and K5 bogies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of bolster spring and wedge disassembly and assembly, in particular to an automatic disassembly and assembly device for a bogie bolster spring and wedge. Background Art

[0002] Railway freight car bogie components such as brake beams, load saddles, bolster springs, and cams still rely primarily on manual disassembly, disassembly, inspection, and assembly. Some workstations even require the collaboration of multiple personnel, resulting in high labor intensity, low efficiency, significant safety hazards, and severe noise and dust pollution. This has become a key shortcoming in railway freight car bogie maintenance. Since there are four common freight car bogie models—K2, K4, K5, and K6—their structural composition, dimensions, and number of parts vary significantly, leading to significant differences in manual disassembly and assembly methods, tools used, workflow, and time. The disassembly and assembly of bolster springs and cams is particularly complex.

[0003] In recent years, only a few railway bureaus' rolling stock depots have applied industrial robots and machine vision technology to maintenance operations such as bogie brake beam disassembly and assembly, load saddle disassembly, and bolster spring and wedge disassembly and assembly. However, factors such as ambient light, part background, and dimensional differences significantly impact the automated equipment. Furthermore, the system's composition and mechanical structure are relatively complex, limiting the disassembly and assembly of bolster springs and wedges on K2 and K6 bogies. Furthermore, during disassembly and assembly, there are cases where the bolster springs and wedges become stuck with other parts or become loose from the fixture. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the utility model provides a disassembly and assembly fixture for the bogie bolster spring and wedge, which solves the problems of high labor intensity and low operation efficiency in the manual disassembly and assembly of the bolster spring and wedge during the existing bogie maintenance process.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a disassembly and assembly fixture for disassembling and assembling the bolster spring wedge of a bogie, characterized in that: it includes an electromagnetic core, a coil winding, a pneumatic tooling, a pen-shaped cylinder and a fixture support seat; the electromagnetic core is fixedly arranged on the fixture support seat, the electromagnetic core is fixedly provided with a pneumatic tooling, the fixture support seat is fixedly provided with a pen-shaped cylinder, and the pen-shaped cylinder is connected to a cylinder ejector pin in the pneumatic tooling; the air pressure of the pen-shaped cylinder is adjusted to control the reciprocating motion of the pneumatic ejector pin, so that the pneumatic ejector pin passes through the electromagnetic core and supports the inner bolster spring; the electromagnetic core is provided with a coil winding on the outside, which can adsorb the outer bolster spring.

[0006] Preferably, the electromagnet core is a U-shaped structure, comprising two magnetic poles, and coil windings are mounted on both magnetic poles.

[0007] Preferably, the magnetic pole surface of the electromagnet core is configured to be V-shaped or arc-shaped.

[0008] Preferably, the electromagnet core is provided with a waist-shaped hole and a plurality of threaded mounting holes for mounting a pneumatic tooling, and the cylinder ejector pin is installed in the pneumatic tooling; the rear end of the pneumatic tooling is connected to the pen-shaped cylinder, and the reciprocating motion of the pneumatic ejector pin is controlled by adjusting the air pressure of the pen-shaped cylinder, so that it passes through the waist-shaped hole of the electromagnet core and presses against the inner pillow spring.

[0009] Preferably, the electromagnet core is provided with a threaded mounting hole connected to the fixture support seat, and an adjusting washer is provided between the electromagnet core and the fixture support seat for adjusting the gap between the electromagnet core and the fixture support seat.

[0010] Preferably, the fixture support seat is connected to the joint end of the industrial robot through a fixture mounting seat.

[0011] Preferably, a machine vision sensor is provided at the joint end of the industrial robot, and the machine vision sensor is mounted on a fixture mounting seat.

[0012] Preferably, the industrial robot is mounted on a robot mounting base.

[0013] Preferably, the robot mounting base includes a support base and a mounting plate, wherein the mounting plate is fixedly mounted on the support base, and the mounting plate can adjust the position of the industrial robot on the support base.

[0014] Preferably, the industrial robot is a six-axis industrial robot.

[0015] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: the disassembly and assembly fixture adopts the combination of electromagnet and pen-shaped cylinder, the two coil windings of the electromagnet adopt enameled flat copper wire, which can make the coil winding structure more compact and have a higher slot fill rate, the pole surface adopts V-shaped (or arc-shaped) style, which can directly magnetically fix outer pillow springs and wedges of different models and sizes, and the pen-shaped cylinder installed behind the electromagnet controls the pneumatic ejector to pass through the gap of the outer pillow spring to support the inner pillow spring, which is very convenient for the automatic disassembly and assembly of the pillow springs and wedges of K2 and K6 bogies, has a simple structure and is easy to install and maintain. The method is also applicable to the automatic disassembly and assembly of the bolster springs and wedges of K4 and K5 bogies; the machine vision sensor is installed just above the disassembly and assembly fixture, making the entire structure installed at the end of the robot more compact. At the same time, the structural dimensions and position information of the springs and wedges can be collected at any time during the robot operation, making it easier to position and control the robot; the six-axis industrial robot disassembly and assembly robot can be used to design corresponding disassembly and assembly paths for bolster spring groups and wedges of different positions and sizes on different models of bogies, reducing the labor intensity and safety hazards of on-site operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1This is a three-dimensional diagram of the automatic disassembly and assembly device for the pillow spring and wedge in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a front view of the automatic disassembly and assembly robot for the pillow spring and wedge in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0018] Figure 3 A three-dimensional diagram of a robot for automatically disassembling and assembling a pillow spring and wedge in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 4 A three-dimensional diagram of the disassembly and assembly fixture and the machine vision sensor in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a front view of the disassembly and assembly fixture and the machine vision sensor in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 6 A three-dimensional diagram of a three-degree-of-freedom module unit for assisting the disassembly and assembly of the wedge in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a front view of a three-degree-of-freedom module unit for assisting the disassembly and assembly of the wedge in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 8 A three-dimensional diagram of the wedge-bearing tooling in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 9 This is a front view of the wedge-bearing tooling in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Among them: 1- pillow spring wedge automatic disassembly and assembly unit; 1100- disassembly and assembly fixture; 1101- electromagnet core; 1102- coil winding; 1103- pneumatic tooling; 1104- cylinder ejector pin; 1105- pen-shaped cylinder; 1106- adjusting washer; 1107- fixture support seat; 1108- fixture mounting seat; 1200- machine vision sensor; 1300- industrial robot; 1400- robot mounting base; 1401- support seat; 1402- mounting plate; 2- auxiliary wedge disassembly and assembly unit; 2100- wedge bearing fixture; 2101- F-shaped support plate; 2102- rotating support shaft; 2103- rolling bearing; 2104- bidirectional swing cylinder; 2105- load mounting seat; 2106- load mounting plate; 2200- three-degree-of-freedom module; 2300- module mounting base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] like Figure 4-5As shown, the utility model is a disassembly fixture 1100 for disassembling and assembling the bogie pillow spring wedge, comprising an electromagnet core 1101, a coil winding 1102, a pneumatic tooling 1103, a pen-shaped cylinder 1105 and a fixture support seat 1107; the electromagnet core 1101 is fixed on the fixture support seat 1107, the electromagnet core 1101 is fixed with the pneumatic tooling 1103, the fixture support seat 1107 is fixed with the pen-shaped cylinder 1105, and the pen-shaped cylinder 1105 is connected to the cylinder ejector pin 1104 in the pneumatic tooling 1103; the air pressure of the pen-shaped cylinder 1105 is adjusted to control the reciprocating motion of the pneumatic ejector pin 1104, so that the pneumatic ejector pin 1104 passes through the electromagnet core 1101 and supports the inner pillow spring; the electromagnet core 1101 is provided with a coil winding 1102 outside, which can adsorb the outer pillow spring.

[0028] like Figure 1-9 As shown, the disassembly and assembly fixture 1100 of the present invention is suitable for the automatic disassembly and assembly device of the pillow spring wedge of the bogie, which includes a pillow spring wedge disassembly and assembly unit 1 and an auxiliary wedge disassembly and assembly unit 2. The pillow spring wedge disassembly and assembly unit 1 includes a disassembly and assembly fixture 1100 and an industrial robot 1300. The disassembly and assembly fixture 1100 is arranged at the end of the joint of the industrial robot 1300; the disassembly and assembly fixture 1100 includes an electromagnet core 1101, a coil winding 1102, a cylinder ejector pin 1104, a pen-shaped cylinder 1105, and a fixture support seat 1101. 07 and the fixture mounting base 1108; one end of the fixture support base 1107 is connected to the electromagnet core 1101, and the other end is connected to the joint end of the industrial robot 1300 through the fixture mounting base 1107; the pen-shaped cylinder 1105 is arranged in the fixture support base 1107 and is connected to the cylinder ejector pin 1104; the cylinder ejector pin 1104 passes through the electromagnet core 1101 and can support the inner pillow spring; the coil winding 1102 is provided outside the electromagnet core 1101 and can absorb the outer pillow spring; the auxiliary wedge disassembly and assembly unit 2 is used for lifting, lifting and moving the wedge.

[0029] Combine Figure 2-3 As shown, in this embodiment, the industrial robot 1300 adopts a six-axis industrial robot, which is used to transfer the pillow spring and the wedge on the disassembly and assembly fixture to the specified position; the robot mounting base 1400 includes a support base 1401 and a mounting plate 1402, and the mounting plate 1402 can adjust the position of the six-axis industrial robot 1300 on the support base 1401.

[0030] Combine Figure 4-5As shown, the disassembly and assembly fixture 1100 consists of an electromagnet core 1101, a coil winding 1102, a pneumatic tool 1103, a cylinder ejector pin 1104, a pen-shaped cylinder 1105, an adjusting washer 1106, a fixture support seat 1107 and a fixture mounting seat 1108; the electromagnet core 1101 is a U-shaped structure, and its two magnetic poles are respectively installed with a group of coil windings 1102, and the magnetic pole surface of the electromagnet core 1101 is set in a V-shape (or arc-shaped) style, which can be used to directly magnetically attract external pillow springs and wedges of different models and sizes; a waist-shaped through hole is provided at the center of the front end of the electromagnet core 1101, and a plurality of threaded mounting holes are provided at the rear end, and the threaded mounting holes are used to connect the pneumatic tool 1103; the electromagnet core 1101 is a U-shaped structure, and its two magnetic poles are respectively installed with a group of coil windings 1102, and the magnetic pole surface of the electromagnet core 1101 is set in a V-shape (or arc-shaped) style, which can be used to directly magnetically attract external pillow springs and wedges of different models and sizes; a waist-shaped through hole is provided at the center of the front end of the electromagnet core 1101, and a plurality of threaded mounting holes are provided at the rear end, and the threaded mounting holes are used to connect to the pneumatic tool 1103; Two threaded mounting holes are respectively provided on the upper and lower end faces of 1101 for connecting to the fixture support seat 1107. An adjusting washer 1106 is respectively provided on the threaded mounting holes on the upper and lower end faces of the electromagnet core 1101 for adjusting the gap between the electromagnet core 1101 and the fixture support seat 1107; a threaded mounting hole is provided at the rear end of the pneumatic tooling 1103 for directly connecting to the pen-shaped cylinder 1105. By adjusting the air pressure of the pen-shaped cylinder 1105, the reciprocating motion of the pneumatic ejector pin 1104 is controlled so that it passes through the waist-shaped hole of the electromagnet core 1101 and supports the inner pillow spring; the end of the fixture support seat 1107 is connected to the fixture mounting seat 1108, and is connected to the joint end of the six-axis industrial robot 1300.

[0031] Combine Figure 4-5 As shown, the machine vision sensor 1200 is arranged directly above the disassembly and assembly fixture 1100, and its end is connected to the fixture mounting seat 1108, which is used to collect the size and position information of the pillow spring and the wedge, and provide reference coordinate information for the operation of the disassembly and assembly fixture 1100; the fixture mounting seat 1108 is used to install the disassembly and assembly fixture 1100 and the machine vision sensor 1200, and is connected to the joint end of the six-axis industrial robot 1300.

[0032] See also Figures 6 and 7 As shown, the auxiliary inclined wedge disassembly and assembly unit 2 includes an inclined wedge carrying tooling 2100, a three-degree-of-freedom module 2200 and a module mounting base 2300; the inclined wedge carrying tooling 2100 is connected to the load end of the three-degree-of-freedom module 2200 for jacking, lifting and moving the inclined wedge; the bottom of the three-degree-of-freedom module 2200 is connected to the module mounting base 2300 for assisting the automatic disassembly and assembly of the inclined wedge; the module mounting base 2300 is connected to the robot mounting base 1400 for fixing the relative positions of the six-axis industrial robot 1300 and the three-degree-of-freedom module 2200.

[0033] See also Figures 8-9As shown, the inclined wedge bearing fixture 2100 includes an F-shaped support plate 2101, a rotating support shaft 2102, a rolling bearing 2103, a bidirectional swing cylinder 2104, a load mounting seat 2105 and a load mounting plate 2106; the rotating support shaft 2102 is connected to a rolling bearing 2103 at both ends, one end is connected to the F-shaped support plate 2101, and the other end is connected to the bidirectional swing cylinder 2104. The rotating support shaft 2102 and the two rolling bearings 2103 are installed together inside the load mounting seat 2105, so that they can control the bidirectional rotation of the F-shaped support plate 2101 under the drive of the bidirectional swing cylinder 2104; the load mounting plate 2106 is connected to the load mounting seat 2105, and is used to connect the inclined wedge bearing fixture 2100 to the load end of the three-degree-of-freedom module 2200.

[0034] The above illustrates and describes the basic principles and main structural features of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above examples. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements are within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A disassembly fixture for disassembling and assembling a bogie bolster spring wedge, characterized by: The invention comprises an electromagnetic core (1101), a coil winding (1102), a pneumatic tool (1103), a pen-shaped cylinder (1105) and a fixture support seat (1107); the electromagnetic core (1101) is fixedly arranged on the fixture support seat (1107); the electromagnetic core (1101) is fixedly provided with the pneumatic tool (1103); the fixture support seat (1107) is fixedly provided with the pen-shaped cylinder (1105); ), the pen-shaped cylinder (1105) is connected to the cylinder ejector pin (1104) in the pneumatic tooling (1103); the air pressure of the pen-shaped cylinder (1105) is adjusted to control the reciprocating motion of the cylinder ejector pin (1104), so that the cylinder ejector pin (1104) passes through the electromagnet core (1101) and presses against the inner pillow spring; the electromagnet core (1101) is provided with a coil winding (1102) outside, which can absorb the outer pillow spring.

2. The disassembly fixture for disassembling and assembling the bogie bolster spring wedge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnet core (1101) is a U-shaped structure, comprising two magnetic poles, with coil windings (1102) mounted on both magnetic poles.

3. The disassembly fixture for disassembling and assembling the bogie bolster spring wedge according to claim 2, characterized in that: The magnetic pole surface of the electromagnet core (1101) is configured to be V-shaped or arc-shaped.

4. The disassembly fixture for disassembling and assembling a bogie bolster spring wedge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnet core (1101) is provided with a waist-shaped hole and a plurality of threaded mounting holes for mounting a pneumatic tool (1103), and the cylinder ejector pin (1104) is mounted in the pneumatic tool (1103); the rear end of the pneumatic tool (1103) is connected to the pen-shaped cylinder (1105), and the reciprocating motion of the cylinder ejector pin (1104) is controlled by adjusting the air pressure of the pen-shaped cylinder (1105), so that the cylinder ejector pin (1104) passes through the waist-shaped hole of the electromagnet core (1101) to support the inner pillow spring.

5. The disassembly fixture for disassembling and assembling the bogie bolster spring wedge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic core (1101) is provided with a threaded mounting hole connected to the clamp support seat (1107), and an adjusting washer (1106) is provided between the electromagnetic core (1101) and the clamp support seat (1107) for adjusting the gap between the electromagnetic core (1101) and the clamp support seat (1107).

6. The disassembly fixture for disassembling and assembling a bogie bolster spring wedge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixture support seat (1107) is connected to the joint end of the industrial robot (1300) through the fixture mounting seat (1108).

7. The disassembly fixture for disassembling and assembling the bogie bolster spring wedge according to claim 6, characterized in that: A machine vision sensor (1200) is provided at the joint end of the industrial robot (1300), and the machine vision sensor (1200) is mounted on a fixture mounting seat (1108).

8. The disassembly fixture for disassembling and assembling the bogie bolster spring wedge according to claim 6, characterized in that: The industrial robot (1300) is mounted on a robot mounting base (1400).

9. The disassembly fixture for disassembling and assembling a bogie bolster spring wedge according to claim 8, characterized in that: The robot mounting base (1400) includes a support base (1401) and a mounting plate (1402), wherein the mounting plate (1402) is fixedly mounted on the support base (1401), and the mounting plate (1402) can adjust the position of the industrial robot (1300) on the support base (1401).

10. The disassembly fixture for disassembling and assembling a bogie bolster spring wedge according to claim 8, characterized in that: The industrial robot (1300) is a six-axis industrial robot.

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