Composite configuration system for drainage and sand reduction of slope cropland

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural water conservancy facilities, and discloses a slope farmland drainage and sand reduction composite configuration system which comprises horizontal ditches arranged in the contour line direction of slope farmland and drainage ditches located between the horizontal ditches on the two sides in the longitudinal direction of a slope. A plant hedge belt parallel to the horizontal ditch is arranged on the lower side of the down slope of the horizontal ditch, a blocking dam is arranged at the joint of the drainage ditch and the horizontal ditch, and the height of the dam top of the blocking dam is lower than the height of the horizontal ditch and higher than the height of the ditch bottom of the horizontal ditch. The horizontal ditches, the hedgerow belts and the drainage ditches are combined, the blocking dams are arranged at the joints of the horizontal ditches and the drainage ditches, and the effects of drainage in rainy seasons and soil moisture and soil conservation in dry seasons are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural water conservancy facilities, in particular to a composite configuration system for draining water and reducing sand on sloping farmland. Background Art

[0002] Sloping farmland generally refers to dry land cultivated along the slope on landforms with slopes between 6 and 25 degrees. It is characterized by poor flatness, severe water, fertilizer, and soil loss, and low crop yields. Sloping farmland is a vital land resource in my country, serving as productive land for the livelihoods and development of the vast majority of people in mountainous and hilly areas. Nationwide, sloping farmland covers 359 million mu (approximately 1 / 5) of the total cultivated land. Sloping farmland accounts for 6.7% of the national total area and 28.3% of the total soil erosion, making it a major source of soil erosion. Effectively and quickly controlling soil erosion on sloping farmland in southern mountainous and hilly areas, improving soil drainage and soil conservation capacity, and increasing crop yields on sloping farmland are key to achieving efficient development and utilization of sloping farmland. Slope interception, drainage, and storage projects safely, effectively, and rapidly direct surface runoff and interflow from slopes, reducing soil infiltration and interflow, stabilizing soil structure, and protecting sloping soil resources. Scientific drainage measures for sloping farmland can increase crop yields, prevent and control agro-meteorological disasters, and significantly enhance economic and ecological benefits. The key to soil conservation is to reduce the effects of soil water infiltration and intersoil flow on the soil. Therefore, slope drainage should be prioritized to reduce soil water infiltration and intersoil flow formation.

[0003] Prior art 1

[0004] The existing Chinese patent with announcement number CN203834441U discloses an ecological drainage system for sloping farmland in mountainous areas, which relates to the field of drainage construction of sloping farmland in mountainous areas. The ecological drainage system includes multiple longitudinal drainage ditches and transverse drainage ditches. Each longitudinal drainage ditch is arranged from high to low along the terrain of the sloping farmland in mountainous areas. Each longitudinal drainage ditch intersects with multiple transverse drainage ditches, and a water storage device is provided at each intersection.

[0005] The defects of prior art 1 are as follows:

[0006] (1) A water purification pool is set up at the end of each longitudinal drainage ditch, which is a large project with high investment cost and is only suitable for standardized high-standard sloping farmland;

[0007] (2) Slope protection plants are planted on both sides of the transverse drainage ditch, which can purify surface runoff, but cannot effectively intercept slope sediment during heavy rainfall events.

[0008] Prior Art 2

[0009] The existing Chinese patent publication number is CN111576362A, which discloses a sloping farmland drainage system, including a drainage network, a water collection mechanism and a seepage unit. The drainage network includes a main pipe and a secondary pipe connected to the main pipe. The main pipe is connected to the secondary pipe through a secondary pipe node. The main pipe and the secondary pipe are seepage pipes. The main pipe and the secondary pipe are laid under the seepage unit. The main pipe is arranged along the slope direction, and the secondary pipes are arranged on both sides of the main pipe. The secondary pipes are arranged along the slope direction. The main pipe and the secondary pipe are arranged at 70-80 degrees along the uphill direction through the secondary pipe node. The main pipe and the secondary pipe are fixedly connected through the secondary pipe node, and the end of the main pipe is connected to the water collection mechanism.

[0010] The defects of the second prior art:

[0011] (1) The system includes a drainage network, a water collection mechanism, and a water infiltration unit. The system has a complex structure and is suitable for areas with concentrated sloping farmland and a large area, but is not suitable for sloping farmland with a block distribution.

[0012] (2) The buried depth of the main and auxiliary pipes of the drainage network can even reach 120 cm, which leads to complex construction and heavy workload in mountainous and hilly areas with thin soil layers. Summary of the Invention

[0013] In order to overcome or alleviate one or more of the above technical problems, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a composite configuration system for drainage and sand reduction on sloping farmland, which adopts a composite configuration measure system of horizontal ditches, plant hedges and drainage ditches to safely, effectively and quickly drain the surface runoff and soil flow on the slope of sloping farmland in the rainy season, reduce soil water infiltration and soil flow, and effectively control soil erosion. In the dry season, it can conserve moisture and soil, reduce soil evaporation, and stabilize soil structure. This patent is a composite configuration measure system with simple process, easy operation and low cost, which can meet the functions of intercepting flow, reducing sand, increasing infiltration, and draining on sloping farmland, and effectively control soil erosion on sloping farmland in mountainous and hilly areas in the south.

[0014] The utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0015] A composite configuration system for drainage and sand reduction on sloping farmland comprises a horizontal ditch arranged along the contour line of the sloping farmland and a longitudinal drainage ditch along the slope located between the horizontal ditches on both sides; a plant hedge parallel to the horizontal ditch is provided on the lower side along the slope of the horizontal ditch; a retaining dam is provided at the connection between the drainage ditch and the horizontal ditch; the dam top height is lower than the height of the horizontal ditch and higher than the ditch bottom height of the horizontal ditch.

[0016] According to some embodiments, crop straw is laid in the horizontal ditch.

[0017] According to some embodiments, the horizontal trenches are arranged at equal intervals along the slope.

[0018] According to some embodiments, the number of horizontal ditches arranged on the slope of a single sloping farmland does not exceed 10.

[0019] According to some embodiments, the horizontal trenches are spaced 10 to 20 meters apart.

[0020] According to some embodiments, the horizontal ditch has a depth ranging from 30 to 40 cm, a width ranging from 20 to 30 cm, and a straw covering thickness ranging from 5 to 10 cm.

[0021] According to some embodiments, the plant hedge has a width ranging from 20 to 40 cm, and the plant hedge is selected from local perennial native grass plants.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The utility model provides a composite configuration system for drainage and sand reduction on sloping farmland. The horizontal ditch, plant hedge and drainage ditch are combined and configured. A retaining dam is set at the connection between the horizontal ditch and the drainage ditch, which plays the role of drainage in rainy season and soil conservation in dry season. Specifically:

[0024] (1) Drainage and soil conservation during rainy season

[0025] The utility model can safely, effectively and quickly drain the surface runoff and soil flow on the slope of sloping cultivated land in the rainy season, reduce the amount of soil water infiltration and soil flow and the time of action on the soil, and curb or reduce the external force of surface runoff scouring and the erosion effect of soil flow caused by soil erosion.

[0026] (2) Increase moisture and conserve soil in the dry season

[0027] There is a raised retaining dam between the horizontal ditch and the drainage ditch. When the horizontal ditch is filled with water in the rainy season, the water flows into the drainage ditch. The retained water can be stored for moisture conservation in the dry season. At the same time, the covering crop straw reduces water evaporation. In addition, the plant hedges also play a role in moisture conservation.

[0028] (3) Intercepting sediment on slopes

[0029] After a rainfall event, runoff is prone to occur on the slope, and the resulting sediment enters the horizontal ditch under the action of runoff, effectively reducing the downward displacement of the slope soil. When there is too much sediment in the horizontal ditch, the plant hedges below can also play the same interception role, thereby reducing soil erosion on the slope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a composite configuration system for drainage and sand reduction on sloping farmland provided by an embodiment of the utility model.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the connection between the horizontal ditch and the drainage ditch provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution positions of horizontal ditches and plant hedges provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0033] In the picture:

[0034] 1. Horizontal ditch; 2. Drainage ditch; 3. Retaining dam; 4. Plant hedge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] This utility model adopts a composite configuration of horizontal ditches and plant hedges. On the one hand, it can effectively intercept runoff generated by rainfall on the slope and drain excess water into the drainage ditch; on the other hand, it can effectively intercept silt generated on the slope and intercept the silt into the horizontal ditch. At the same time, the plant hedge plays the role of water storage and soil conservation; the crop straw in the horizontal ditch can store water, increase infiltration and improve soil moisture content, effectively alleviating drought during the dry season. With the change of the concept of comprehensive soil and water loss control and the improvement of ecological protection requirements, traditional single control technologies are in urgent need of improvement and upgrading. The composite configuration of horizontal ditches and plant hedges, combined with the comprehensive system formed by the slope drainage ditch, has been implemented and is low-cost. It can effectively play the role of drainage and soil conservation, and has broad prospects for promotion and application in the management and development of sloping farmland.

[0036] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All reasonable variations and combinations within the scope of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figure 1 This embodiment provides a composite configuration system for drainage and sand reduction on sloping farmland, including horizontal ditches 1 set along the contour lines, horizontal plant hedges 4, and longitudinal drainage ditches 2 along the slope. The horizontal ditches 1 are arranged at equal intervals along the contour lines of the sloping farmland, and crop straw is laid at the bottom of the horizontal ditches 1 for water conservation; the horizontal plant hedges 4 are planted parallel to the downslope of the horizontal ditches 1, and the lengths of the two are consistent. The drainage ditches 2 are distributed along the slope direction between the horizontal ditches 1 and the plant hedges 4 on both sides. The horizontal ditches 1 are connected to the drainage ditches 2, and an overflow retaining wall is set in the middle of the connection to form a retaining dam 3, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 The top height of the retaining dam 3 is lower than the height of the horizontal ditch 1 and higher than the bottom height of the horizontal ditch 1. When the horizontal ditch 1 is full of water, it automatically flows into the drainage ditch 2, playing the role of drainage in the rainy season; when the water in the horizontal ditch 1 is lower than the height of the retaining dam 3, the water accumulates in the horizontal ditch 1, playing the role of moisture and soil conservation in the dry season.

[0040] Horizontal ditches 1 and plant hedges 4 are arranged transversely along the contour lines on the slope. The horizontal ditches 1 are arranged at equal distances along the slope. The horizontal ditches 1 are covered with crop straw, which comes from crops harvested in the crop planting area.

[0041] The plant hedge 4 is located at the lower part of the horizontal ditch 1 and is also set at equal distances. The selected plants are mainly local native grasses.

[0042] A longitudinal drainage ditch 2 is set up along the slope and connected to the horizontal ditches 1 on both sides. A retaining dam 3 is set in the middle. When the rainfall is heavy or the soil reaches saturation, water automatically flows from the horizontal ditch 1 to the drainage ditch 2.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] This embodiment, based on the first embodiment, provides an arrangement of the horizontal ditch 1, the plant hedge 4 and the longitudinal drainage ditch 2, as described below:

[0045] Horizontal ditches 1 are distributed horizontally along the contour lines of sloping farmland and are equidistantly distributed along the slope direction of the sloping farmland. Horizontal ditches 1 are set at intervals of 10-20m according to the length of the slope. Since only the Loess Plateau in China has sloping farmland of about 200 meters, and most of it has now been converted from farmland to forest, the length of sloping farmland in other mountainous areas generally does not exceed 200m. Therefore, the number of horizontal ditches 1 on the same slope should not exceed 10. The depth range of horizontal ditches 1 is 30-40cm, the width range is 20-30cm, and the straw covering thickness is 5-10cm.

[0046] The plant hedge 4 is located at the bottom of each horizontal ditch 1, at the top of the lower part of the horizontal ditch 1 in the slope direction, with the same length as the horizontal ditch 1 and a width of 20-40 cm. The plants planted are local perennial native grasses.

[0047] Downslope drainage ditch 2 connects to the horizontal ditch, running downslope from the first ditch at the top of the slope to the bottom. It connects to other drainage channels or trenches to facilitate the removal of excess water. The ditch dimensions are equal to or larger than the horizontal ditch dimensions. Stone walls can be used on rocky slopes, while iron trough walls can be used on earthen slopes.

[0048] This utility model utilizes a combination of engineering and plant measures for systematic management. The engineering measures, consisting of traditional horizontal ditches and vertical drainage ditches, eliminate the need for concrete structures, require minimal construction effort, and minimize damage to arable land resources. The horizontal ditches are connected to the drainage ditches. When rainfall is high or the soil reaches saturation, water automatically flows from the horizontal ditches into the drainage ditches, draining excess water. Combined with plant hedgerows, these measures effectively intercept slope runoff and sediment, contributing to water storage and soil conservation.

[0049] The above embodiments are merely preferred implementations of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions based on the principles of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that improvements and modifications that can be made by persons of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite system for drainage and sediment reduction on sloping farmland, comprising horizontal ditches arranged along the contour lines of the sloping farmland and longitudinal drainage ditches located between the horizontal ditches on both sides thereof, characterized in that: A plant hedge strip parallel to the horizontal ditch is provided on the lower side of the slope of the horizontal ditch, and a retaining dam is provided at the connection between the drainage ditch and the horizontal ditch. The height of the dam top is lower than the height of the horizontal ditch and higher than the height of the bottom of the horizontal ditch.

2. The composite configuration system for drainage and sediment reduction on sloping farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: Crop straw is laid in the horizontal ditch.

3. The composite configuration system for drainage and sediment reduction on sloping farmland according to claim 2 is characterized by: The horizontal trenches are arranged at equal intervals along the slope.

4. The composite configuration system for drainage and sediment reduction on sloping farmland according to claim 3 is characterized by: The number of horizontal ditches set on the slope of a single sloping farmland shall not exceed 10.

5. The composite configuration system for drainage and sediment reduction on sloping farmland according to claim 3 is characterized by: The horizontal trenches are spaced 10 to 20 meters apart.

6. The composite configuration system for drainage and sediment reduction on sloping farmland according to claim 5, characterized in that: The depth of the horizontal ditch ranges from 30 to 40 cm, the width ranges from 20 to 30 cm, and the straw covering thickness ranges from 5 to 10 cm.

7. The composite configuration system for drainage and sediment reduction on sloping farmland according to claim 6, characterized in that: The width of the plant hedge is in the range of 20 to 40 cm, and the plant hedge is selected from local perennial native grass plants.

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