Antenna

Abstract

The utility model provides an antenna, which comprises a reflecting plate and a radiation array fixed on the reflecting plate, a plurality of radiation oscillators of the radiation array comprise at least one target oscillator, the target oscillator is arranged on one side of the radiation array, a beam zero correction structure is arranged corresponding to the target oscillator, and the beam zero correction structure is arranged on the other side of the radiation array. And the beam zero correction structure is used for changing the electromagnetic wave direction of the target oscillator so as to correct the beam shape of the antenna. In a conventional base station antenna, as side lobes and zero points exist on the two sides of a main lobe, coverage blind areas are prone to occurring in the zero point areas, and especially in special scenes such as low altitude or sea areas, blind areas are easier to form in the coverage areas corresponding to the zero point direction. The antenna provided by the utility model can change the electromagnetic wave direction of the target oscillator by introducing the beam zero correction structure, thereby effectively filling or adjusting the zero area, reducing or eliminating the coverage blind area, and improving the uniformity and quality of network coverage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of mobile communications, and in particular relates to an antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous evolution of mobile communication technology, 5G and future 6G networks are placing higher demands on the coverage performance of base station antennas. Traditional base station antennas face challenges in network coverage in special scenarios such as low-altitude and offshore communications. On the one hand, low-altitude or offshore coverage requires a wide vertical beamwidth to achieve wide coverage. However, a wide beamwidth results in reduced gain and a shorter coverage distance. On the other hand, high-gain array antennas typically have a narrow vertical beamwidth and a large number of nulls. Due to the low multipath reflection of electromagnetic waves in the air or on the sea surface, the coverage area corresponding to the null point of the antenna beam is prone to blind spots.

[0003] To achieve better coverage, base station antennas require beamforming. For example, using a cosecant square beamformation pattern can produce more uniform coverage in the vertical plane of the antenna, facilitating even signal distribution over a wide angle range in scenarios such as low altitude or offshore. Cosecant square patterns are typically implemented using array antennas. By adjusting the antenna's amplitude and phase, uniform coverage can be achieved within a certain angle range. However, the angle range is difficult to achieve, reaching 0-90 degrees. When used for low-altitude coverage, blind spots may still exist directly above the antenna.

[0004] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, a conventional base station antenna array typically contains N radiating elements. The directional pattern of each radiating element is essentially the same, and the resulting directional pattern includes a main lobe, side lobes, and nulls. The antenna's radiated energy is primarily concentrated in the main lobe, which determines the antenna's primary coverage direction and affects the coverage range and quality of the service area. The main lobe is flanked by several side lobes and nulls. In conventional coverage scenarios, the presence of a blank lower null creates coverage blind spots such as "black spots" under the tower. Furthermore, due to the multipath effect in conventional coverage scenarios, not filling the lower nulls will affect coverage. In some special coverage scenarios, such as low-altitude or sea areas, where multipath effect is less pronounced, not filling the nulls will significantly affect coverage. Utility Model Content

[0005] The primary purpose of the present invention is to provide an antenna to solve at least one of the above problems.

[0006] In order to meet the various purposes of the present invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] An antenna is provided to meet one of the purposes of the present invention, including a reflector and a radiating array fixed on the reflector, wherein the radiating elements of the radiating array include at least one target element, and the target element is arranged on one side of the radiating array. A beam zero point correction structure is provided corresponding to the target element, and the beam zero point correction structure is used to change the electromagnetic wave direction of the target element to correct the beam shape of the antenna.

[0008] In one embodiment, the beam zero point correction structure includes an internal correction structure, which is used to change the orientation of the radiation surface of the target vibrator so that an angle is formed between the radiation surface of the target vibrator and the radiation surfaces of other radiation vibrators of the radiation array.

[0009] In one embodiment, the internal correction structure includes a first correction structure, wherein the first correction structure bends the reflection plate to form a bending area on the reflection plate, and the target oscillator is disposed on the bending area.

[0010] In one embodiment, the internal correction structure includes a second correction structure, and the second correction structure is used to tilt the radiation surface of the target oscillator relative to the reflection plate to change the direction of the electromagnetic wave of the target oscillator.

[0011] In one embodiment, the beam zero point correction structure includes an external correction structure, and the external correction structure includes a director, and the director is arranged on a path corresponding to the direction of the electromagnetic wave of the target oscillator.

[0012] In one embodiment, the amplitudes of the multiple radiating elements of the radiating array are gradually changed from the side where the target element is located to the other side of the radiating array.

[0013] In one embodiment, a plurality of target oscillators are provided in the radiation array, and the plurality of target oscillators are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence along the extension axis of the reflection plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the angles between the electromagnetic wave directions of the plurality of target vibrators and the horizontal plane are set to be gradually changed in sequence.

[0015] In one embodiment, the reflective plate is arranged perpendicularly relative to a horizontal plane, so that an extension axis of the radiation array is also arranged perpendicularly to the horizontal plane.

[0016] In one embodiment, the target oscillator is disposed at an end of the radiation array.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has many advantages, including but not limited to:

[0018] On the one hand, in conventional base station antennas, due to the presence of side lobes and nulls on both sides of the main lobe, these null-point areas are prone to coverage blind spots, especially in special scenarios such as low altitude or sea areas. Due to the small multipath reflection of electromagnetic waves, the coverage area corresponding to the null-point direction is more likely to form a blind spot. The antenna of the present invention can change the electromagnetic wave pointing direction of the target oscillator by introducing a beam null-point correction structure, thereby effectively filling or adjusting the null-point area, reducing or eliminating coverage blind spots, and improving the uniformity and quality of network coverage. By adjusting the electromagnetic wave pointing direction of the target oscillator, the beam shape can be optimized to achieve more uniform coverage in scenarios such as low altitude and sea areas. This can not only meet the high requirements of these special scenarios for network coverage performance, but also improve the service quality and user experience of the overall network to a certain extent.

[0019] On the other hand, traditional base station antennas often require compromises between beam width, gain, and coverage direction. However, this utility model introduces a beam null correction structure, providing greater flexibility and adjustability. By adjusting the electromagnetic wave direction of the target oscillator, the antenna's beam shape and coverage performance can be customized according to the specific application scenario, better meeting communication needs in various complex scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0021] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a conventional antenna and the beam formed by radiation.

[0022] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the antenna and the beam formed by radiation according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna and a radiation beam formed according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a side view of an antenna according to a third embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0027] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless otherwise stated, the singular forms "a", "an", "said" and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of the present utility model refers to the presence of the features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we say that an element is "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. In addition, the "connection" or "coupling" used here may include wireless connection or wireless coupling. The term "and / or" used here includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0028] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art in the field to which the present invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0029] The utility model provides an antenna, which adjusts the electromagnetic wave direction of a radiating oscillator to correct the beam shape of the antenna, achieves filling of an upper zero point or a lower zero point, improves the coverage effect of the antenna, and solves the blind spot problem.

[0030] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 and Figure 3 The antenna 10 includes a reflector 100, a radiation array 200 and a beam zero point correction structure. The radiation array 200 is fixed on the front of the reflector 100. The radiation array 200 includes a plurality of radiation vibrators 210, and the plurality of radiation vibrators 210 are arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the radiation array 200.

[0031] In this embodiment, for ease of description, the present invention is described using the example of the antenna 10 being perpendicular to the horizontal plane, but this should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Because the antenna 10 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, it is understood that the reflector 100 is positioned perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the extension axis of the radiating array 200 is also positioned perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The radiating surface 211 of the radiating element 210 is also positioned perpendicular to the horizontal plane, but the axis along which the electromagnetic waves of the radiating element 210 are directed (referred to as the pointing axis) is parallel to the horizontal plane.

[0032] The beam zero point correction structure is used to change the electromagnetic wave direction of one or more radiating oscillators 210 (the radiating oscillators are called target oscillators 220) in the radiating array 200, so as to change the shape of the beam of the antenna 10 and fill the upper zero point or lower zero point of the antenna 10 so that the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna 10 can cover the blind area and improve the radiation performance of the antenna 10.

[0033] The antenna 10 changes the angle between the pointing axis of the target vibrator 220 and the horizontal plane (the angle is called the pointing angle, for example Figure 2 According to the principle of pattern superposition, the electromagnetic waves radiated by each radiating vibrator 210 are vector-superimposed in the far field, thereby forming a specific radiation pattern. In the present invention, by changing the pointing angle between the pointing axis of the target vibrator 220 and the horizontal plane, the amplitude, phase and direction are adjusted. Figure 3 The vector superposition of the two can realize some special shaped beams, such as zero-point filling, cosecant square pattern, etc., thereby greatly optimizing the radiation performance of the antenna 10.

[0034] In this embodiment, a virtual median perpendicular line is provided on the reflective plate 100, and the median perpendicular line is perpendicular to the extension axis of the reflective plate 100, wherein the side of the reflective plate 100 located above the median perpendicular line is the upper side 110, and the side of the reflective plate 100 located below the median perpendicular line is the lower side 120.

[0035] Combine Figure 2 When the target oscillator 220 is located on the upper side 110 of the reflector 100, it can fill the upper null point of the antenna 10, causing the main lobe of the antenna 10's beam to expand upward, covering the radiation blind spot on the upper side 110. For example, when the antenna 10 is used for low-altitude coverage, filling the upper null point achieves uniform low-altitude coverage. It is recommended that the angle between the pointing axis of the target oscillator 220 and the horizontal plane be between 0 and 90 degrees, but this should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0036] Combine Figure 4When the target oscillator 220 is located on the lower side 120 of the reflector 100, it can fill the lower null point of the antenna 10, causing the main lobe of the antenna 10's beam to expand downward, covering the radiation blind spot on the lower side 120. For example, when the antenna 10 is used for marine coverage, filling the lower null point avoids coverage blind spots in marine scenarios and improves the uniformity of the antenna 10's radiation coverage. It is recommended that the angle between the pointing axis of the target oscillator 220 and the horizontal plane be between -90° and 0°, but this should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0037] In this embodiment, the beam null correction structure includes an internal correction structure, which is used to change the orientation of the radiation surface 221 of the target oscillator 220 to change the electromagnetic wave direction of the target oscillator 220 to achieve null point coverage on the side where the target oscillator 220 is located. It can be understood that when the orientation of the radiation surface 221 of the target oscillator 220 is changed, an angle is formed between the radiation surface 221 of the target oscillator 220 and the radiation surface 231 of other radiating oscillators 210 in the radiation array 200 (the radiating oscillators are referred to as original oscillators 230), or in other words, a pointing angle is formed between the pointing axis of the target oscillator 220 and the horizontal plane.

[0038] In the first embodiment, combined with Figure 2 and Figure 3 Each radiation oscillator 210 in the radiation array 200 occupies one section of the reflector 100 , and the section occupied by the target oscillator 220 is called the bending zone 130 .

[0039] The internal correction structure includes a first correction structure, which bends the bending area 130 so that the bending area 130 is tilted relative to the reflector 100, thereby changing the orientation of the radiation surface 221 of the target oscillator 220 disposed on the bending area 130 relative to the radiation surface 231 of the original oscillator 230. In this embodiment, it is recommended that the angle between the pointing axis of the target oscillator 220 and the horizontal plane (for example, Figure 2 θ1) in is between 0-90°.

[0040] For example, combined with Figure 2 The bending region 130 is provided at the end of the reflector 100. The bending region 130 is bent from the front side of the reflector 100 toward the back side of the reflector 100, thereby forming a pointing angle between the pointing axis of the target oscillator 220 and the horizontal plane, filling the null point on the side where the target oscillator 220 is located, and improving the coverage range of the antenna 10. In this embodiment, the pointing axis of the target oscillator 220 is set at an acute angle with the horizontal plane.

[0041] For example, see Figure 2 The target oscillator 220 is arranged at the end of the upper side 110 of the reflecting plate 100, and the bending area 130 corresponding to the target oscillator 220 is arranged at the end of the upper side 110 of the reflecting plate 100, which can fill the upper zero point of the antenna 10, so that the main lobe of the beam of the antenna 10 expands upward to cover the radiation blind area of ​​the upper side 110. For example, when the antenna 10 is used for low-altitude coverage, uniform coverage of the low altitude is achieved by filling the upper zero point.

[0042] In some embodiments, combined Figure 3 , multiple target vibrators 220 are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence, and the multiple target vibrators 220 share the same bending area 130, so that the multiple target vibrators 220 each point at the same angle.

[0043] In some embodiments, the radiation array 200 includes multiple target oscillators 220, which are arranged on the same side of the reflector 100. The bending angle of the bending zone 130 corresponding to each target oscillator 220 is different, so that the pointing angles of the multiple target oscillators 220 are different.

[0044] In a further embodiment, the multiple target vibrators 220 are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence, and the pointing angles of the multiple target vibrators 220 are gradually arranged along the extension axis of the reflector 100. For example, among two adjacent target vibrators 220, the pointing angle of the target vibrator 220 close to the end on the side is greater than the pointing angle of the target vibrator 220 away from the side.

[0045] In the second embodiment, combined with Figure 4 The internal correction structure includes a second correction structure, which is used to tilt the radiating surface 221 of the target oscillator 220 relative to the reflector 100 to change the electromagnetic wave direction of the target oscillator 220, so that the pointing axis of the target oscillator 220 forms a pointing angle with the horizontal plane, thereby changing the beam shape of the antenna 10, improving the radiation coverage of the antenna 10, and overcoming the blind spot problem. In this embodiment, it is recommended that the target oscillator 220 be positioned at the end of the radiating array 200, but this should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0046] For example, see Figure 4 The target oscillator 220 is disposed at the end of the lower side 120 of the reflector 100. The electromagnetic wave of the target oscillator 220 is directed obliquely downward, corresponding to the pointing angle of the target oscillator 220 (for example Figure 4 θ in N) is below 0°, the lower zero point of the antenna 10 can be filled, so that the main lobe of the beam of the antenna 10 expands downward to cover the radiation blind area of ​​the lower side 120. For example, when the antenna 10 is used for low-altitude coverage, the upper zero point can be filled. For example, when the antenna 10 is used for sea area coverage, the lower zero point can be filled to avoid the coverage blind area in the sea area scene, thereby improving the uniformity of the radiation coverage of the antenna 10.

[0047] In some embodiments, the radiation array 200 includes multiple target oscillators 220. The multiple target oscillators 220 are disposed on the same side of the reflector 100 and are arranged adjacent to each other. The multiple target oscillators 220 each have the same directional angle. Alternatively, the multiple target oscillators 220 each have a different directional angle.

[0048] In the third embodiment, combined with Figure 5 The beam zero point correction structure includes an external correction structure, and the external correction structure includes a director 310. The director 310 is used to guide the target vibrator 220 to change the direction of the electromagnetic wave so that a pointing angle is formed between the pointing axis of the target vibrator 220 and the horizontal plane, so as to fill the zero point on the side where the target vibrator 220 is located, change the beam shape of the antenna 10, and improve the coverage range of the antenna 10.

[0049] Specifically, the orientation of the radiation surface 221 of the target oscillator 220 is the same as that of the original oscillator 230, and the director 310 is arranged on the path of the electromagnetic wave direction to be achieved by the target oscillator 220. In other words, the director 310 is arranged on the pointing axis to be achieved by the target oscillator 220, so that the pointing axis of the target oscillator 220 is changed by the director 310 without changing the orientation of the radiation surface 221 of the target oscillator 220, so that a pointing angle is formed between the pointing axis and the horizontal plane. In this embodiment, it is recommended that the target oscillator 220 be arranged at the end of the radiating array 200, but this should not be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0050] In some embodiments, the radiation array 200 includes multiple target oscillators 220, and the external correction structure is provided with multiple directors 310, each of which corresponds to the multiple target oscillators 220. The multiple target oscillators 220 are disposed on the same side of the reflector 100 and are arranged adjacent to each other. The multiple target oscillators 220 have the same directional angle. Alternatively, the multiple target oscillators 220 have different directional angles.

[0051] In one embodiment, the director 310 is made of a high dielectric constant material or a metal material. It is recommended that the director 310 be a sheet structure, but this should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0052] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, after understanding the present invention, those skilled in the art may choose to use one of the first correction structure, the second correction structure and the external correction structure, or may choose to use two of them together, or may choose to use all three at the same time.

[0053] In this embodiment, the multiple radiating elements 210 in the radiating array 200 are arranged in sequence, and the amplitudes of the multiple radiating elements 210 can be changed to optimize the radiation performance of the antenna 10. Specifically, because the target element 220 is disposed on one side of the reflector 100, the amplitudes applied to the multiple radiating elements 210 of the radiating array 200 are sequentially increased from one end to the other end of the reflector 100, and the amplitudes of the radiating elements 210 on the side where the target element 220 is located are greater than the amplitudes of the radiating elements 210 on the other side of the reflector 100, so as to achieve corresponding zero point filling of the antenna 10 and make the directional pattern similar to the cosecant square directional pattern, which is more suitable for low-altitude coverage.

[0054] When the antenna 10 requires high gain, the amplitudes of all the radiating elements 210 in the radiating array 200 may be set to be the same to increase the gain of the antenna 10 and optimize the radiation performance.

[0055] In summary, the antenna of the present invention achieves corresponding zero-point filling by changing the direction of the electromagnetic wave of the target oscillator, changes the beam shape of the antenna, overcomes the radiation blind area problem, and expands the application range of the antenna.

[0056] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and an illustration of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the technical solutions formed by the specific combination of the above-mentioned technical features, but also encompasses other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above-mentioned technical features or their equivalents without departing from the concept of the above-mentioned utility model. For example, a technical solution formed by replacing the above-mentioned features with (but not limited to) other technical features with similar functions in the present invention.

[0057] Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological logical acts, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are merely example forms of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna comprising a reflector and a radiation array fixed on the reflector, characterized in that: The several radiating elements of the radiating array include at least one target element, and the target element is arranged on one side of the radiating array. A beam zero point correction structure is provided corresponding to the target element, and the beam zero point correction structure is used to change the electromagnetic wave direction of the target element to correct the beam shape of the antenna.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The beam null correction structure includes an internal correction structure, which is used to change the orientation of the radiation surface of the target vibrator so that an angle is formed between the radiation surface of the target vibrator and the radiation surfaces of other radiation vibrators of the radiation array.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein The internal correction structure includes a first correction structure. The first correction structure bends the reflection plate to form a bending area on the reflection plate. The target vibrator is arranged on the bending area.

4. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein The internal correction structure includes a second correction structure, and the second correction structure is used to tilt the radiation surface of the target vibrator relative to the reflection plate to change the direction of the electromagnetic wave of the target vibrator.

5. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The beam zero point correction structure includes an external correction structure, and the external correction structure includes a director. The director is arranged on a path corresponding to the direction of the electromagnetic wave of the target oscillator.

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The amplitudes of the multiple radiating vibrators of the radiating array are gradually changed from the side where the target vibrator is located to the other side of the radiating array.

7. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The radiation array is provided with a plurality of target vibrators, and the plurality of target vibrators are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence along the extension axis of the reflection plate.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein The angles between the electromagnetic wave directions of the plurality of target vibrators and the horizontal plane are gradually set.

9. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The reflective plate is arranged perpendicularly relative to the horizontal plane, so that the extension axis of the radiation array is also arranged perpendicularly to the horizontal plane.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The target vibrator is arranged at the end of the radiation array.

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