Container ship temporary emergency power distribution system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a temporary emergency power distribution system for a container ship. The temporary emergency power distribution system comprises a storage battery pack which is connected with a bus of a charging and discharging board and is provided with a plurality of storage batteries which are connected in series; a main distribution board power supply for supplying power to the bus; the emergency distribution board power supply charges the storage battery pack through a charger and supplies power to the bus; the at least one photovoltaic module is respectively connected to the bus through each current converter and is connected with the storage battery pack; and the load is connected to the bus. The system is simple in structure, low in cost and flexible in configuration; voltage drop of a power supply loop is reduced, and the cross section of a power supply cable is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of ships, in particular to a temporary emergency power distribution system for a container ship. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with increasingly stringent carbon emission control regulations, the application of photovoltaic solar technology on ships has attracted increasing attention from shipowners. However, the space available for installing photovoltaic panels on container ships is very limited, and the power generation capacity of photovoltaic systems is affected by sunlight conditions. As a result, the power supply capacity of photovoltaic systems installed on container ships is too small compared to the capacity of the ship's power plants, and the output power is unstable, resulting in a low cost-effectiveness and difficulty in widespread application.

[0003] In the existing technology, the small-capacity solar photovoltaic system installed on the container ship is used in the following way: multiple photovoltaic arrays are connected in series and parallel and then connected to the photovoltaic controller. The direct current of the solar panels is then converted into alternating current with the same frequency and phase as the ship's power grid through the grid-connected inverter and then fed into the ship's main power grid. At this time, the photovoltaic power generation system is equivalent to a small generator.

[0004] The second way to utilize the small-capacity solar photovoltaic system installed on container ships is to connect multiple photovoltaic arrays in series and parallel to form an off-grid photovoltaic system, which independently supplies power to non-critical loads such as ship lighting, ventilation, air conditioning, and kitchen equipment. When power is insufficient, it can be switched to the ship's main power grid for power supply.

[0005] The third method of utilizing the small-capacity solar photovoltaic system installed on container ships is to add batteries to form a hybrid power system based on the above method 2, store excess electricity in the batteries, and use the batteries to supplement when the photovoltaic power generation power is insufficient.

[0006] Container ships are also commonly equipped with a temporary emergency power distribution system, a crucial component in addition to the ship's main and emergency power supplies. This system primarily consists of a charging and discharging panel and batteries. The charging and discharging panel manages the battery's charge and discharge, providing DC power to critical loads such as the ship's navigation system, fire alarm system, voice-activated telephones, general broadcast alarm systems, and temporary emergency lighting. It also serves as a backup power source, providing power to critical loads in the event of a power outage, ensuring temporary emergency power supply for the safety of the ship and its personnel.

[0007] In addition, container ships have cargo hold passageways between cargo holds, primarily used for equipment maintenance, hold inspections, and refrigerated container maintenance. These passageways are divided into semi-enclosed spaces by the deck and longitudinal bulkheads. Conventional container ship cargo hold passageway lighting is powered by both main and emergency lighting systems. Each space requires either main or emergency lighting, requiring numerous lamp points and requiring high power consumption.

[0008] However, the common disadvantage of the above-mentioned container ship photovoltaic system utilization methods 1, 2, and 3 is that they all require multiple photovoltaic arrays to be connected in series and parallel to boost the voltage to close to the ship's power grid voltage level before they can be connected to the photovoltaic controller. Most container ships have insufficient area for installing photovoltaic panels and do not have the conditions for installing conventional photovoltaic systems.

[0009] Another disadvantage of the above-mentioned method of utilizing the container ship photovoltaic system is that the output power of the installable photovoltaic system is unstable, the time required to meet the grid connection conditions is short, and the power generation capacity is too small compared to the main power grid. The grid connection function is complex to implement, the cost is high, and the cost-effectiveness is too high.

[0010] Another drawback of the aforementioned independent off-grid power supply method for container ship PV systems is its low power reliability. When sunlight intensity is insufficient, the PV system's output power is insufficient and it automatically switches to the ship's grid. Without battery buffering during this switching process, non-essential loads such as lighting, ventilation, air conditioning, and kitchen equipment will experience a power outage. While this does not affect ship safety, it can affect the crew's experience.

[0011] The main disadvantage of the hybrid power system composed of batteries in the third method of utilizing the photovoltaic system of container ships mentioned above is that the cost is relatively high. In addition to the additional cost of batteries and their charging circuits, the batteries also need to be equipped with special cabinets, ventilation, fire protection, fire detection, temperature detection, etc. Utility Model Content

[0012] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art and provide a temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships.

[0013] The utility model solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions:

[0014] A temporary emergency power distribution system for a container ship comprises: a battery pack connected to a busbar of a charging and discharging board and comprising a plurality of batteries connected in series; a main switchboard power supply supplying power to the busbar; an emergency switchboard power supply charging the battery pack via a charger and supplying power to the busbar; at least one photovoltaic module connected to the busbar and to the battery pack via respective converters; and a load connected to the busbar.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention improves the technical solution of the hybrid power system composed of photovoltaic power generation system and battery in the prior art, eliminating the controller and inverter of the conventional photovoltaic power generation system. The system has a low application threshold. Moreover, since at least one photovoltaic module is connected to the busbar and connected to the battery pack through each inverter, it can supply power to the busbar while floating charging the battery pack. The number of photovoltaic modules (i.e., photovoltaic panels) can be configured according to the actual situation of the target ship. Even a single photovoltaic panel can be connected to the temporary emergency power distribution system. At the same time, the battery charging and discharging system of the temporary emergency power distribution system is used to ensure the stability of the power supply load of the photovoltaic power generation system. The structure is simple and the cost is low.

[0016] Furthermore, the battery pack includes four batteries connected in series. Thus, the present invention can achieve a constant total capacity of the battery pack and almost no difference in total volume.

[0017] Furthermore, the main switchboard power supply supplies power to the busbar via a rectifier, so that the rectifier in the present invention can play a role in power balancing.

[0018] Furthermore, the emergency distribution board power supply charges the battery pack through the charger via a fuse, and supplies unidirectional power to the busbar via a diode.

[0019] Furthermore, the loads include important loads and non-important loads; the important loads are connected to the busbar via a converter. Thus, the voltage level of the temporary emergency power distribution system of the present invention is increased, the voltage of the power supply line is reduced, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the power supply cable can be significantly reduced.

[0020] Furthermore, the non-critical loads are connected to the busbar via a trip unit. Therefore, when both the main power supply and the emergency power supply fail, the trip unit can be activated to disconnect the non-critical loads on board, and the battery pack can supply power to the critical loads required by regulations via the busbar.

[0021] Furthermore, the non-essential load includes a plurality of lighting devices arranged on a lighting branch of a cargo hold passage of the container ship.

[0022] Furthermore, the lighting device is a low-voltage DC LED lamp. This utility model uses the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system primarily for lighting the cargo hold aisle. Because each semi-enclosed space in the cargo hold aisle is small and requires low illumination, only low-voltage DC low-power LED lamps are required. Compared with conventional lighting designs, this design is more cost-effective and consumes less energy.

[0023] Furthermore, the battery is a 12V / 100Ah lead-acid battery.

[0024] Furthermore, the main distribution board power supply and the emergency distribution board power supply are AC380V power supplies.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the system structure of the present invention is simple and low-cost, and does not require a photovoltaic controller, photovoltaic inverter, battery and its supporting system. It only requires a simple modification of the conventional temporary emergency power distribution system. In addition, the present invention has a flexible configuration and does not require multiple photovoltaic arrays to be connected in series for voltage boosting. A single photovoltaic panel can be directly connected to the system through an inverter. In addition, the present invention can also achieve the advantages of reducing the voltage drop in the power supply circuit and reducing the cross-section of the power supply cable. The cargo hold channel lighting branch adopts low-voltage DC LED lamps, which can be improved from the traditional main lighting system and emergency lighting system to the temporary emergency power distribution system, reducing costs and reducing power consumption. In addition, the present invention automatically cuts off when the main power supply and emergency power supply of the ship are cut off, without affecting the temporary emergency power supply of important loads. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a battery box according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of lights in the cargo hold passage of a container ship to which a preferred embodiment of the present utility model is applied. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] A preferred embodiment is given below, and the present invention is described more clearly and completely in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0030] The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships of the present invention is mainly an improvement on the third method in the above-mentioned prior art, that is, an improvement on the conventional temporary emergency power distribution system is made, and it is combined with a photovoltaic power generation system to form a hybrid power distribution system.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships of this utility model. Figure 1 As shown, the temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships of this embodiment mainly includes a charge and discharge board CHP and a battery pack GB. The battery pack GB has a plurality of batteries connected in series and is connected to the busbar of the charge and discharge board CHP. The power supply of the main distribution board MSB supplies power to the busbar on the charge and discharge board CHP. The power supply of the emergency distribution board ESB charges the battery pack GB through the charger and also supplies power to the busbar. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships of this embodiment also includes loads connected to the busbar, including important loads L1 to LN and non-important loads. In addition, at least one photovoltaic module is connected to the busbar and connected to the battery pack GB through each converter.

[0032] Therefore, the present invention improves the technical solution of the prior art in which a photovoltaic power generation system and a battery form a hybrid power system, improves the temporary emergency power distribution system conventionally configured on ships, and combines it with the photovoltaic power generation system to form a hybrid power distribution system. Furthermore, the present invention eliminates the controller and inverter of a conventional photovoltaic power generation system, and the system application threshold is low. Moreover, since at least one photovoltaic module is respectively connected to the busbar and connected to the battery pack through each converter, it can supply power to the busbar while floating charging the battery pack. The number of photovoltaic modules (i.e., photovoltaic panels) can be configured according to the actual situation of the target ship, and even one photovoltaic panel can be connected to the temporary emergency power distribution system. At the same time, the battery charging and discharging system of the temporary emergency power distribution system is used to ensure the stability of the power supply load of the photovoltaic power generation system, and the structure is simple and the cost is low.

[0033] Specifically, Figure 1 The temporary emergency power distribution system of the container ship shown is connected to multiple photovoltaic modules PV1 to PVN. Each photovoltaic module PV1 to PVN is connected to the busbar and the aforementioned battery group GB through its corresponding inverter A1 to AN. As mentioned above, the specific number of photovoltaic modules can be configured according to the actual situation of the target ship.

[0034] Also like Figure 1 As shown, the power supply from the main switchboard (MSB) can also be supplied to the busbar via a rectifier, which can also serve as a power balancer. Furthermore, the power supply from the emergency switchboard (ESB) can be used to charge the battery pack (GB) via a charger via a fuse, and can also be used to provide unidirectional power to the busbar via a diode.

[0035] On the other hand, conventional shipboard emergency power distribution systems operate at a voltage level of 24V, using two 12V / 200Ah batteries (e.g., lead-acid batteries) connected in series. The output voltage of a single photovoltaic panel typically ranges from 18V to 50V. Taking into account implementation difficulties and voltage drops, the present invention utilizes a larger number of batteries compared to conventional battery packs.

[0036] Specifically, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery box of the temporary emergency power distribution system of the container ship according to the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2As shown, the battery box of the container ship's temporary emergency power distribution system in this embodiment of the present invention includes a battery pack consisting of four batteries connected in series. These batteries can be, for example, four 12V / 100Ah lead-acid batteries (the four lead-acid batteries are lead-acid battery 1, lead-acid battery 2, lead-acid battery 3, and lead-acid battery 4). In other words, the present invention improves a conventional two-12V / 200Ah lead-acid battery pack into four 12V / 100Ah lead-acid batteries connected in series, with a voltage level of 48V. As a result, the total capacity of the battery pack remains unchanged, and the total volume is almost the same. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the power supply for the main switchboard (MSB) and the emergency switchboard (ESB) can be an AC 380V power supply, and the busbar can be a DC 48V busbar.

[0037] Also like Figure 1 As shown, the above-mentioned important loads L1~LN can be, for example, a navigation system, a fire alarm system, a voice telephone, a broadcast general alarm system, temporary emergency lighting, etc., which can be further connected to the above-mentioned DC48V bus through each converter B1~BN. The converters B1~BN can convert DC48V into conventional DC24V. Therefore, although the cost of the converter is increased, the voltage level of the temporary emergency power distribution system is increased by 1 times, and the voltage drop of the power supply line is reduced to 1 / 4 of the original, which can greatly reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the power supply cable.

[0038] Further Figure 1 As shown, the aforementioned non-critical loads can be cargo hold aisle lighting branches S1 to SN, each of which is connected to a plurality of photo devices, which can be low-voltage DC LED lamps PV1-1 to PV1-n...PVN-1 to PVN-n, and each branch can be further connected to the aforementioned DC48V busbar via trip units SHT1 to SHTN. Thus, the present invention uses the electricity provided by the photovoltaic power generation system primarily for lighting the cargo hold aisles. Because each semi-enclosed space in the cargo hold aisles is small and requires low illumination, only low-voltage DC low-power LED lamps need to be installed, which are lower in cost and energy consumption than conventional lighting designs. However, the present invention is not limited to this and can also be applied to other non-critical ship loads, such as ship lighting, ventilation, air conditioning, and kitchen equipment.

[0039] According to the above embodiment, the batteries are normally in a float charge state. This means that the charger and photovoltaic panels powered by the emergency switchboard provide float charge to the battery pack. The remaining power is supplied to the loads on the busbar via diodes, and the remaining power is supplemented by the main switchboard via a rectifier. If both the ship's main power source and the emergency power source fail, the trip circuit breaker for the cargo hold aisle lighting shunt, which serves as a non-essential load, activates, disconnecting the non-essential loads. The battery pack then supplies power to the required critical loads via the busbar.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of lights in the cargo hold passage of a container ship using the temporary emergency power distribution system of the container ship of this embodiment. It shows the cross section of the cargo hold passage, and specifically, schematically shows the structures of the lashing platform, upper deck, second deck and inner bottom of the container ship from top to bottom. Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the cargo hold passage is divided into three areas, left, middle and right, which are accessed through three rows of straight ladders. Each area is further divided into multiple semi-enclosed spaces by decks and longitudinal partitions.

[0041] More specifically, if Figure 3 As shown, the power supply voltage of each lighting branch in the cargo hold passage is less than 50V. According to the specification, the number of lamps shall not exceed 10. Low-voltage DC LED lamps shall be distributed in each semi-enclosed space in the cargo hold passage, and switches with indicator lights shall be arranged near the entrance of the cargo hold passage. Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, there are five photovoltaic modules, PV1 through PV5, and each cargo hold aisle lighting circuit is equipped with a number of low-voltage DC LED lights, PV1-1 through PV1-10, PV2-1 through PV2-9, PV3-1 through PV3-7, PV4-1 through PV4-10, and PV5-1 through PV5-9. Of course, the above photovoltaic module and cargo hold aisle lighting circuit configurations are merely examples and can be modified based on the actual ship's conditions.

[0042] In summary, the improvements of this utility model include: first, connecting each photovoltaic module to the charging and discharging board via an inverter, allowing for simultaneous float charging of the battery pack and powering the busbar. Second, the conventional two-series lead-acid battery system is improved to a four-series lead-acid battery system, increasing the voltage of the temporary emergency power distribution system. Third, the cargo hold aisle lighting branch uses low-voltage DC LED lights, among other improvements.

[0043] Therefore, the system of the present invention can achieve a simple structure and low cost, without the need for photovoltaic controllers, photovoltaic inverters, batteries and their supporting systems, and only requires a simple modification of the conventional temporary emergency power distribution system. In addition, the present invention has a flexible configuration and does not require multiple photovoltaic arrays to be connected in series for voltage boosting. A single photovoltaic panel can be directly connected to the system through an inverter. In addition, as mentioned above, the present invention can also achieve the advantages of reduced voltage drop in the power supply circuit and reduced cross-section of the power supply cable. The cargo hold channel lighting branch uses low-voltage DC LED lamps, which can be improved from the traditional main lighting system and emergency lighting system to a temporary emergency power distribution system, reducing costs and reducing power consumption. In addition, the present invention automatically cuts off when the main power supply and emergency power supply of the ship are cut off, without affecting the temporary emergency power supply of important loads.

[0044] Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art will appreciate that these are merely illustrative and that the scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, and such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temporary emergency power distribution system for a container ship, characterized in that: It includes: A battery pack connected to the busbars of the charge and discharge board and having a plurality of batteries connected in series; a main switchboard power supply supplying power to said busbar; an emergency switchboard power supply for charging the battery bank through a charger and supplying power to the busbar; at least one photovoltaic module connected to the busbar and the battery pack through respective converters; A load connected to the bus.

2. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack includes four batteries connected in series.

3. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main switchboard power supply supplies power to the busbar through a rectifier.

4. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emergency distribution board power supply charges the battery pack through the charger via a fuse, and supplies power to the busbar in a unidirectional manner via a diode.

5. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loads include important loads and non-important loads; the important loads are connected to the busbar via a converter.

6. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to claim 5, characterized in that: The non-important load is connected to the busbar through a trip unit.

7. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to claim 6, characterized in that: The non-essential loads include a plurality of lighting devices arranged on a cargo hold passage lighting branch of the container ship.

8. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lighting device is a low-voltage DC LED lamp.

9. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The battery is a 12V / 100Ah lead-acid battery.

10. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The main distribution board power supply and the emergency distribution board power supply are AC380V power supplies.

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