Distributed wind driven generator bolt looseness monitoring system based on Zigbee wireless communication

Abstract

The utility model discloses a wind driven generator bolt looseness detection system based on Zigbee wireless communication, which comprises four parts, namely n piezoelectric ultrasonic sensors, Zigbee nodes, a CAN bus and a monitoring host, the value of n is determined by the number of bolts on a wind driven generator, a solar charging circuit is adopted to supply power to the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensors, and the Zigbee nodes are connected with the monitoring host. The n piezoelectric ultrasonic sensors transmit data to the Zigbee nodes through Zigbee wireless communication, the Zigbee nodes and the monitoring host carry out data transmission through the CAN bus, remote online monitoring of the loosening states of all the bolts on the wind driven generator can be achieved through data analysis, the loosening conditions of the bolts can be mastered in real time, the bolts can be re-tightened and fastened in time, and the reliability of the wind driven generator is improved. Safe operation of the wind driven generator is effectively guaranteed, and therefore economic benefits of a wind power plant are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to a bolt loosening monitoring system, in particular to a distributed wind turbine bolt real-time monitoring system based on Zigbee wireless communication. Background Art

[0002] In my country's energy supply system, wind power, as an important renewable energy source, has gradually increased its share in recent years. Its stability and economy are crucial to achieving carbon neutrality goals and promoting green development. Wind turbines typically contain a large number of bolts, the number of which depends on the size, model, and design of the generator. A large wind turbine may have hundreds or even thousands of bolts, which are used to secure components such as blades, hubs, generators, and towers to ensure the stability and safety of the entire system. During the long-term service of wind turbines, some bolt connections may be damaged, mainly due to long-term vibration, mechanical loads, harsh environments, thread wear, and corrosion. These problems will lead to a weakening of the bolt's tightening force, which may cause the connection to loosen or even break, thereby affecting the stability and performance of the wind turbine, resulting in huge economic losses and even casualties.

[0003] At present, the vast majority of wind turbines in my country are equipped with SCADA systems to monitor, control and remotely manage the operating status and performance of wind turbines, but have not integrated the monitoring of wind turbine bolt loosening. Therefore, the utility model uses ultrasonic bolt loosening detection technology and Zigbee wireless communication to build a bolt loosening monitoring system. Zigbee wireless communication technology, with its flexibility, low power consumption, self-organizing network and multi-node connection characteristics, supports a mesh network of 65535 network nodes, which can realize the monitoring of all bolts on the wind turbine; and because there are many bolts and some of them are in a high-altitude environment that is difficult to maintain and replace the power supply, solar power generation is used to power the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor; remote real-time monitoring of the status of wind turbine bolts is realized, the health status of the bolts is grasped in real time, and the bolts are tightened in time, which is of great significance to ensuring the safe operation of the wind turbine. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] Based on the above background, the utility model provides a wind turbine bolt loosening detection system based on Zigbee wireless communication.

[0006] The utility model solves the above-mentioned problem with a technical solution: a wind turbine bolt loosening detection system based on Zigbee wireless communication includes: n It consists of four parts: piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor, Zigbee node, CAN bus and monitoring host. nThe value of is determined by the number of bolts on the wind turbine. n The piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor transmits data to the Zigbee node on the wind turbine through Zigbee wireless communication. The Zigbee node and the monitoring host are connected through the CAN bus to realize data transmission between the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor and the monitoring host.

[0007] In the utility model, a wind turbine bolt loosening detection system based on Zigbee wireless communication is characterized in that: the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor includes a main control unit, an ultrasonic transmitting unit, an ultrasonic receiving unit, a power supply unit, and a temperature acquisition module; the ultrasonic transmitting unit includes a high-frequency driving module, a power amplification module, and an impedance matching module; the ultrasonic receiving unit includes a voltage amplification module, a filtering module, and a data acquisition module; and the power supply unit includes a power conversion module and a solar charging module.

[0008] In the present utility model, the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor is characterized in that: the high-frequency driving module adopts the AD9832 digital synthesizer chip, which provides three channels connected to the main control chip and generates a voltage signal of the target frequency by receiving data transmitted by the main control chip.

[0009] In the present invention, the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor is characterized in that: the power amplifier module uses power transistors S9013 and S9012 to form a two-stage push-pull power amplifier circuit and a power MOS tube IRF830S in cascade to ensure sufficient power to drive the ultrasonic transducer.

[0010] In the present invention, the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor is characterized in that the impedance matching module adopts the AD5241 digital potentiometer chip, which provides 256 different resistance positions and can be selected within the range of 10kΩ, 100kΩ or 1MΩ, so that the ultrasonic probe can transmit at maximum power.

[0011] In the present utility model, the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor is characterized in that: the receiving module collects the voltage signal sent by the sensor, performs gain amplification and filtering on the input signal, then performs analog-to-digital conversion after signal envelope processing, and transmits the data to the single-chip microcomputer main control unit.

[0012] In the present invention, the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor is characterized in that: the power conversion module adopts the ME2188 boost chip to boost the 3.3V power supply to a stable 5V voltage, providing a 5V power supply voltage for each module, and at the same time inputs the 5V voltage into the MAX660 voltage converter to obtain a -5V power supply voltage.

[0013] In the present invention, the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor is characterized in that: the solar charging module uses the ME2188 boost chip to increase the weak voltage collected by the solar panel to a stable voltage of 5V, providing charging voltage for the TP4056 linear charger. The solar panel is located at the rear end of the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor to maximize the collection of solar energy.

[0014] In the present invention, a wind turbine bolt loosening detection system based on Zigbee wireless communication is characterized in that: the Zigbee node includes a main control module and a CAN communication module; the Zigbee node completes data interaction with the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor through Zigbee wireless communication, and is connected to the monitoring host through the CAN bus to complete data transmission between the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor and the monitoring host.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the utility model uses Zigbee wireless communication technology to build a wind turbine bolt loosening monitoring system, adopts a piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor to detect the loosening of the bolts, and adopts a solar charging circuit to power the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor. n The piezoelectric ultrasonic sensors and Zigbee nodes are networked via Zigbee wireless communication, and the Zigbee nodes and monitoring host are networked via CAN bus. This effectively realizes remote online monitoring of the loosening of bolts on wind turbines, grasps the loosening of bolts in real time, and tightens the bolts in time, effectively ensuring the safe operation of wind turbines, thereby improving the economic benefits of wind power plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is the system topology diagram of the utility model

[0017] Figure 2 This is the principle block diagram of the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor of this utility model

[0018] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the power conversion module circuit embodiment of the utility model

[0019] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of a solar charging module according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is the main control unit circuit embodiment of the utility model

[0021] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of a high-frequency drive module of the utility model.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the power amplifier module circuit embodiment of the utility model

[0023] Figure 8This is an embodiment diagram of the impedance matching module circuit of the utility model

[0024] Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of the filter module of the utility model

[0025] Figure 10 This is a circuit diagram of the voltage amplification module of the utility model

[0026] Figure 11 This is the circuit embodiment diagram of the data acquisition module of the utility model

[0027] Figure 12 This is a circuit diagram of the temperature monitoring module of the utility model

[0028] Figure 13 This is the Zigbee node circuit embodiment of the utility model DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] As attached Figure 1 As shown, the utility model includes n The number of piezoelectric ultrasonic sensors, Zigbee nodes, CAN bus, and monitoring host are four parts. n The value of is determined by the number of bolts on the wind turbine. The piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor on each wind turbine transmits data to the Zigbee node on the wind turbine through Zigbee wireless communication. The Zigbee node and the monitoring host are connected through the CAN bus to realize data transmission between the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor and the monitoring host.

[0031] As attached Figure 2As shown in the schematic diagram of the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor principle of the present invention, the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor includes a main control unit, an ultrasonic transmitting unit, an ultrasonic probe, an ultrasonic receiving unit, a power supply unit, and a temperature acquisition module; the ultrasonic transmitting unit includes a high-frequency driving module, a power amplifier module, and an impedance matching module; the ultrasonic receiving unit includes a filtering module, a voltage amplification module, and a data acquisition module; the ultrasonic probe is an integrated transceiver ultrasonic probe; the power supply unit includes a power conversion module and a solar charging module; the power supply module is connected to the main control unit to provide a sustainable and stable power supply to the main control chip; the ultrasonic transmitting unit generates a target frequency signal by receiving a frequency control signal regularly sent by the main control unit to the high-frequency driving module, and then the signal is transmitted through the power amplifier module. The ultrasonic probe is driven by the impedance matching module to ensure that the power is large enough to ensure that the signal can reach the bottom of the bolt and be reflected back to be received by the ultrasonic receiving unit; the ultrasonic receiving unit receives the voltage signal of the ultrasonic probe, processes it through the filtering module to obtain the target frequency signal, amplifies the voltage through the voltage amplification module, sends it to the data acquisition module for envelope detection, and then converts the voltage analog signal into a digital signal and inputs it into the main control module; the temperature acquisition module collects the temperature data of the bolt to be measured and inputs it into the main control unit; the solar charging module provides sustainable energy supply for the sensor, and the power conversion module converts the 3.3V voltage into 5V and -5V to power the circuit; the main control unit has Zigbee wireless communication function, which transmits the processed data to the Zigbee node.

[0032] As attached Figure 3 As shown in the block diagram of an embodiment of the power conversion module circuit of the present invention, the source conversion module circuit uses the ME2188 DC conversion chip and the MAX660 voltage inversion chip. The CE pin of the ME2188 is connected to the P2_2 pin of the microcontroller. During the detection cycle of the ultrasonic sensor, the CE pin of the chip is configured to a high level state to enable the power conversion module; the ME2188 chip boosts the 3.3V power supply to 5V and sends it from the VOUT pin to the V+ pin of the MAX660 chip. The MAX660 chip generates an inverted -5V voltage at the OUT pin, providing stable 5V and -5V power supply for the system.

[0033] As attached Figure 4As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the solar charging module circuit of the present invention is shown. The main solar charging module circuit uses the ME2188 DC conversion chip and the TP4056 linear charging chip. The CE pins of the ME2188 and the TP4056 are connected to the microcontroller pins P2_0 and P2_1 respectively. During the non-detection cycle of the ultrasonic sensor, the CE pins of the two chips are configured to a high level state to enable the solar charging module. The ME2188 chip boosts the weak voltage collected on the solar panel to a voltage suitable for charging, and sends it from the VOUT pin to the VCC pin of the TP4056 chip. The BAT pin of the TP4056 is connected to an external battery BATTERY to complete the solar charging of the power supply. The solar panel is a 43mm circular solar panel WSL-S002, which is closely attached to the rear end of the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor to maximize the collection of solar energy.

[0034] As attached Figure 5 As shown in the circuit embodiment diagram of the main control unit of the present invention, the main control unit uses the CC2530 single-chip microcomputer as the main control chip. The chip has a Zigbee wireless communication function and is used to realize functions such as data transmission, Zigbee wireless communication, and data acquisition. The pin P1_1 of the CC2530 single-chip microcomputer is connected to the 2 interface of the DS18B20 in the temperature acquisition module, P1_2 is connected to the data acquisition module, P1_3 and P1_4 are respectively connected to the SCL and SDA of the AD5241 in the impedance matching module, and P1_5, P1_6, and P1_7 are respectively connected to the high-frequency drive module. The SCLK, SDATA, and FSYNC of AD9832 in the block are connected, P2_0 and P2_1 are connected to the CE of ME2188 and TP4056 in the solar charging module respectively, XOSC_Q1, XOSC_Q2 and XOSC32K_Q1, XOSC32K_Q1 are connected to 32MHz and 32.768KHz external crystal oscillators respectively. The former mainly provides the main microcontroller with a high-speed clock signal that complies with Zigbee communication, and the latter mainly provides the main microcontroller with a low-frequency clock signal for the real-time clock and wake-up timing functions in low-power mode.

[0035] As attached Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the high-frequency drive module circuit embodiment of the utility model uses the AD9832 chip. The MCLK pin of AD983 is connected to the external 25MHz clock input, and the SCLK, SDATA, and FSYNC pins are respectively connected to the P1_5, P1_6, and P1_7 pins of the microcontroller. The 2MHz frequency is generated by receiving the frequency control word sent by the microcontroller.

[0036] As attached Figure 7As shown in the figure, the embodiment of the power amplifier module circuit of the present invention adopts power transistors S9012 and S9013 with the same parameters to form a two-stage push-pull power amplifier circuit and a power MOS tube IRF830S cascade connection to ensure that the power is sufficient to drive the transmitting probe to generate ultrasonic waves and reflect them to the receiving probe.

[0037] As attached Figure 8 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the impedance matching module circuit of the present invention is shown. The impedance matching module circuit adopts the AD5241 chip. The AD5241 is a digital variable resistor. The SCL and SDA pins are respectively connected to the P1_3 and P1_4 pins of the microcontroller. The resistance value is changed by receiving the digital signal input by the microcontroller to achieve the adjustment of the analog signal. At the same time, the chip provides 256 different resistance positions, which can be selected within the range of 10kΩ, 100kΩ or 1MΩ. The resistance value is precisely controlled by receiving the signal from the microcontroller, so that the resistance value of the ultrasonic transmitting unit is matched with that of the ultrasonic probe to achieve maximum power transmission.

[0038] As attached Figure 9 As shown in the figure of the embodiment of the filter module circuit of the present invention, the filter module circuit adopts the ADA4807 operational amplifier. In the first two stages, the signal is first input into the bandpass filter composed of inductors L2 and L1 connected in parallel with capacitors C25 and C24 respectively and then connected in series with resistors R29 and R26. Each stage is boosted by the ADA4807 amplifier; the last two stages are composed of capacitors C17, C18, resistors R21, R23 and the amplifier to form a multi-stage feedback form of negative feedback second-order bandpass filter. This structure can increase the depth of the filter, make the filter stopband attenuation faster, and make the passband flatter. The precise selection of the target frequency signal is achieved through the coordinated work of the four-stage filter.

[0039] As attached Figure 10 As shown in the diagram of the embodiment of the voltage amplification module circuit of the present invention, the voltage amplification module circuit adopts the AD8055 operational amplifier, the gain of the first-stage amplifier is 19 times, and the amplification factor of the second-stage amplifier can be adjusted by the sliding resistor RP1 to obtain a voltage signal of appropriate size for data acquisition.

[0040] As attached Figure 11As shown in the diagram of the data acquisition module circuit embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition module circuit first passes the signal through the envelope detection circuit, demodulates the high-frequency amplitude modulated signal, takes out the modulated signal and inputs it into the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier LMV331 comparator. The negative input terminal changes the sliding variable resistor RP2 through a voltage divider circuit to obtain the target reference voltage. The resistor R32 and the operational amplifier LMV311 together form a hysteresis comparator to improve the signal stability. C22 is a filter capacitor. The output of the operational amplifier LMV311 is connected to the microcontroller pin P1_2. Through this connection, the data is sent to the microcontroller for looseness detection.

[0041] As attached Figure 12 As shown in the figure, the temperature acquisition module circuit embodiment of the present invention uses a temperature sensor DS18B20 as a measuring element. Pin 2 of the DS18B20 is connected to pin P1_1 of the microcontroller. The sensor is a single-bus digital temperature sensor, and its control commands and data are input and output in the form of digital signals. The microcontroller sends commands to the DS18B20 to collect temperature data, thereby correcting the error in ultrasonic flight time measurement caused by temperature differences.

[0042] As attached Figure 13 As shown in the figure, the embodiment of the Zigbee node circuit of the present invention adopts the TJA1050 high-speed CAN transceiver chip, which is used to solve the problem that the CC2530 does not have an integrated CAN controller, ensuring bidirectional data transmission through the CAN bus transceiver circuit; two 120-ohm resistors are connected in parallel between CAN_H and CAN_L to match the bus impedance and reduce echo reflection; the TXD and RXD pins of the TJA1050 in the CAN bus transceiver module circuit are connected to the P1_4 and P1_3 pins of the microcontroller CC2530, and Zigbee transmits all collected sensor data to the monitoring host through CAN bus communication for data analysis.

Claims

1. A distributed wind turbine bolt loosening monitoring system based on Zigbee wireless communication, characterized by: include n It consists of four parts: piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor, Zigbee node, CAN bus and monitoring host. n The value of is determined by the number of bolts on the wind turbine. n A piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor transmits data to the Zigbee node on the wind turbine through Zigbee wireless communication. The Zigbee node and the monitoring host are connected through the CAN bus to realize data transmission between the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor and the monitoring host. The piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor includes a main control unit, an ultrasonic transmitting unit, an ultrasonic probe, an ultrasonic receiving unit, a power supply unit, and a temperature acquisition module; the ultrasonic transmitting unit includes a high-frequency driving module, a power amplification module, and an impedance matching module; the ultrasonic receiving unit includes a filtering module, a voltage amplification module, and a data acquisition module; the ultrasonic probe is an integrated transceiver; the power supply unit includes a power conversion module and a solar charging module, and the power supply module is connected to the main control unit.

2. The distributed wind turbine bolt loosening monitoring system based on Zigbee wireless communication according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The impedance matching module circuit of the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor uses the AD5241 digital variable resistor chip to select resistance for matching. The SCL and SDA pins of the AD5241 chip are respectively connected to the P1_3 and P1_4 pins of the microcontroller. The resistance value is changed by receiving the digital signal input from the microcontroller to achieve analog signal adjustment. At the same time, the chip provides 256 different resistance positions, which can be selected within the range of 10kΩ, 100kΩ or 1MΩ. The resistance value is precisely controlled by receiving the signal from the microcontroller, so that the resistance value of the ultrasonic transmitting unit is matched with that of the ultrasonic probe to achieve maximum power transmission.

3. The distributed wind turbine bolt loosening monitoring system based on Zigbee wireless communication according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The filtering module circuit uses an ADA4807 operational amplifier. In the first two stages, the signal is first input into a bandpass filter composed of inductors L2 and L1 connected in parallel with capacitors C25 and C24 respectively, and then connected in series with resistors R29 and R26. Each stage is gain-boosted by the ADA4807 amplifier. The second two stages are composed of capacitors C17 and C18, resistors R21 and R23, and the amplifier to form a multi-stage feedback form of a negative feedback second-order bandpass filter. This negative feedback second-order bandpass filter can increase the depth of the filter, making the filter's stopband attenuation faster and the passband flatter. The coordinated work of the four-stage filter achieves accurate selection of the target frequency signal.

4. The distributed wind turbine bolt loosening monitoring system based on Zigbee wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar charging module circuit uses the ME2188 DC conversion chip and the TP4056 linear charging chip. The CE pins of the ME2188 and TP4056 are connected to the microcontroller pins P2_0 and P2_1, respectively. During the ultrasonic sensor's non-detection cycle, the CE pins of the two chips are configured to a high level state to enable the solar charging module. The ME2188 chip boosts the weak voltage collected on the solar panel to a voltage suitable for charging, and sends it from the VOUT pin to the VCC pin of the TP4056 chip. The BAT pin of the TP4056 is connected to an external battery BATTERY to complete solar charging of the power supply. The solar panel is a 43mm circular solar panel WSL-S002, which is closely attached to the rear end of the piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor to maximize solar energy collection.

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