Circulating type drying device for lithium batteries

By designing a lithium battery circulating drying device and adopting a mesh belt conveyor and a turning structure, the problems of uneven hot air contact and cumbersome turning during lithium battery drying are solved, and uniform drying and automatic turning of lithium batteries are achieved, thereby improving the drying effect.

CN223376267UActive Publication Date: 2025-09-23HUIZHOU ZHUOERFENG TECH CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202422828255.9
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-11-20
Publication Date
2025-09-23
Estimated Expiration
2034-11-20

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In existing lithium battery drying devices, the bottom surface of the lithium battery cannot be fully exposed to hot air, resulting in poor drying effect and cumbersome turning operation.

Method used

A lithium battery circulating drying device was designed, which adopted a mesh belt conveyor and a turning structure, combined with a hot air blower and a guide structure, to achieve automatic turning over and uniform heating of the lithium battery during the transmission process, ensuring that each side can be heated.

Benefits of technology

It achieves uniform drying of lithium batteries, improves the drying effect, and heats the bottom through circulating hot air to ensure that each surface is heated evenly, simplifying the operation process.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The utility model discloses a circulating type drying device for lithium batteries. The circulating type drying device comprises a mounting frame, a plurality of supporting legs are fixedly mounted on the bottom side of the mounting frame, two mesh belt conveying belts are mounted on the inner wall of the mounting frame, a drying bin is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame, and the two mesh belt conveying belts are both located in the drying bin; when the lithium battery drying device is used, a lithium battery can be placed on the mesh belt conveying belt, and hot air can be blown into the drying bin by starting the air heater, so that the mesh belt conveying belt is dried in the conveying process of the mesh belt conveying belt; the mesh belt conveying belts can move to the feeding supporting plate under the guide of the guide strips on the two sides in the continuous conveying process, the driving motor can be started in the continuous conveying process, the overturning rods can drive the lithium batteries to be overturned, and the overturned lithium batteries can fall onto the discharging supporting plate and slide to the other mesh belt conveying belt along the inclined face of the discharging supporting plate. And each surface of the lithium battery can be uniformly heated, so that the drying effect is improved.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of lithium battery production, in particular to a lithium battery circulating drying device. Background Art

[0002] Lithium battery drying is a very critical step in the lithium battery manufacturing process. Its purpose is to eliminate moisture and organic solvents in the battery components, prevent moisture from reacting with the lithium in the battery, and avoid problems such as bubbles and leakage inside the battery, thereby ensuring battery performance and safety.

[0003] In the prior art, when lithium batteries are dried, they are mostly placed in a drying room or sent into the drying equipment using a conveyor belt. Regardless of whether they are placed on the conveyor belt or in the drying room, the bottom surface of the lithium battery will be partially blocked, resulting in the hot air not being able to fully contact the lithium battery, thereby reducing the drying effect. Manual turning over is rather cumbersome, so a lithium battery circulating drying device is needed to meet people's needs. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a lithium battery circulating drying device to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the utility model provides the following technical solution: a lithium battery circulation drying device, comprising a mounting frame; a plurality of supporting legs are fixedly mounted on the bottom side of the mounting frame, two mesh belt conveyors are mounted on the inner wall of the mounting frame, a drying bin is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame, the two mesh belt conveyors are both located in the drying bin, a drying structure is mounted on the drying bin, two connecting shafts are rotatably mounted on the drying bin, a flip structure is mounted on the two connecting shafts, two transmission connecting belts are mounted on the flip structure, two clamping structures are mounted on the two transmission connecting belts, a plurality of connecting rods are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the mounting frame, guide structures are mounted on the connecting rods, and a diversion structure is mounted on the mounting frame;

[0006] The drying structure includes multiple hot air blowers, which are fixedly installed on the top side of the drying bin. The output end of the hot air blower passes through the drying bin and is fixedly installed with an air outlet hopper, which is located on the top side of the mesh belt conveyor.

[0007] Preferably, the flipping structure includes two transmission rollers, which are respectively fixedly sleeved on two connecting shafts, and the same transmission belt is installed on the two transmission rollers, and a plurality of flipping rods are fixedly installed on the transmission belt. Arc guide frames are fixedly installed on the inner walls of both sides of the drying bin, and the two arc guide frames are movably installed on the transmission belt. L-shaped mounting rods are fixedly installed on both sides of the two arc guide frames, and a feed pallet and a discharging pallet are fixedly installed on the two L-shaped mounting rods located on the same side, and a plurality of through holes are provided on the feed pallet and the discharging pallet, which correspond to the flipping rods. The two mesh belt conveyors are respectively located on one side of the feed pallet and the discharging pallet, and a driving motor is fixedly installed on one side of the drying bin, and the output end of the driving motor passes through the drying bin and is fixedly installed on a corresponding connecting shaft.

[0008] Preferably, the clamping structure includes two connecting seats, which are respectively fixedly mounted on two transmission connecting belts, which are both fixedly mounted on the transmission belt, which are respectively in contact with two arc-surface guide frames, and sliding rods are slidably mounted on the two connecting seats, and a pressure block is fixedly mounted on one end of the two sliding rods, and an extrusion plate is fixedly mounted on the other end of the two sliding rods, and four guide rods are slidably mounted on the two extrusion plates, and the same clamping plate is fixedly mounted on the four guide rods on the same side.

[0009] Preferably, a return spring is sleeved on the sliding rod, and both ends of the return spring are fixedly installed on the side where the pressure block and the connecting seat are close to each other. An auxiliary spring is slidably sleeved on the guide rod, and both ends of the auxiliary spring are fixedly installed on the side where the extrusion plate and the clamping plate are close to each other.

[0010] Preferably, the extrusion plate is provided with four sliding holes, and the four guide rods are slidably installed in the four sliding holes respectively, and a stopper is fixedly installed on one side of the four guide rods.

[0011] Preferably, the guide structure includes two guide bars, which are fixedly mounted on one side of the two connecting rods respectively, and the two guide bars are both located in the drying chamber, and the two guide bars are both located on the top side of the mesh belt conveyor.

[0012] Preferably, the guide structure includes multiple conveying pipes, one end of the conveying pipe is fixedly installed on the drying bin, and the other end of the conveying pipe is fixedly installed on one side of the mounting frame. The conveying pipes are respectively connected to the mounting frame and the drying bin. Two air guide covers are fixedly installed on the mounting frame, and both air guide covers are connected to the drying bin.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0014] (1) When using the utility model, lithium batteries can be placed on the mesh belt conveyor, and the hot air blower can be turned on to blow hot air into the drying chamber, thereby drying the mesh belt conveyor during the conveying process. The mesh belt conveyor will move to the feed tray under the guidance of the guide strips on both sides during the continuous conveying process. During the process, the driving motor can be turned on to enable the flipping rod to drive the lithium battery to flip over. After flipping, the lithium battery will fall onto the discharge tray and slide along the inclined surface of the discharge tray to another mesh belt conveyor, so that each side of the lithium battery can be evenly heated, thereby improving the drying effect.

[0015] (2) During the drying process, part of the hot air can be transported from the drying chamber to the installation frame through the conveying pipe. Since the conveyor belt of the mesh belt conveyor is a mesh belt design, the heat can pass through the mesh belt conveyor and act on the bottom of the lithium battery, so that the hot air circulates in the installation frame and the drying chamber for circulation and drying. In addition, part of the hot air can be guided by the air guide cover to preheat the lithium battery at the front end of the mesh belt conveyor, further improving the drying effect of the lithium battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a lithium battery circulating drying device proposed by the utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mesh belt conveyor connection structure of a lithium battery circulation drying device proposed in the utility model;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a curved guide frame of a lithium battery circulation drying device proposed in the utility model;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge support plate structure of a lithium battery circulating drying device proposed in the utility model;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting seat structure of a lithium battery circulating drying device proposed by the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1. Mounting frame; 2. Support legs; 3. Mesh belt conveyor; 4. Drying chamber; 41. Hot air blower; 42. Air outlet hopper; 5. Connecting shaft; 51. Drive roller; 52. Drive belt; 53. Turning rod; 54. Arc guide frame; 55. L-shaped mounting rod; 56. Feed support plate; 57. Discharge support plate; 58. Through hole; 59. Drive motor; 6. Transmission connecting belt; 61. Connecting seat; 62. Slide rod; 63. Press block; 64. Extrusion plate; 65. Guide rod; 66. Clamp; 67. Return spring; 68. Auxiliary spring; 69. Slide hole; 610. Stop block; 7. Connecting rod; 71. Guide strip; 8. Conveying pipe; 81. Air guide cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1-5 The utility model provides a technical solution: a lithium battery circulation drying device, comprising a mounting frame 1; a plurality of supporting legs 2 are fixedly mounted on the bottom side of the mounting frame 1, two mesh belt conveyor belts 3 are mounted on the inner wall of the mounting frame 1, a drying bin 4 is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame 1, the two mesh belt conveyor belts 3 are both located in the drying bin 4, a drying structure is mounted on the drying bin 4, two connecting shafts 5 are rotatably mounted on the drying bin 4, a turning structure is mounted on the two connecting shafts 5, two transmission connecting belts 6 are mounted on the turning structure, two clamping structures are mounted on the two transmission connecting belts 6, a plurality of connecting rods 7 are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the mounting frame 1, a guide structure is mounted on the connecting rods 7, and a diversion structure is mounted on the mounting frame 1;

[0024] The drying structure includes multiple hot air blowers 41, which are fixedly installed on the top side of the drying bin 4. The output end of the hot air blower 41 passes through the drying bin 4 and is fixedly installed with an air outlet 42. The air outlet 42 is located on the top side of the mesh belt conveyor 3. By driving the mesh belt conveyor 3, the lithium batteries can be transported to the drying bin 4. The hot air blower 41 can be turned on during the process. The output end of the hot air blower 41 can transport hot air into the drying bin 4 to dry the lithium batteries passing through.

[0025] Furthermore, the flipping structure includes two transmission rollers 51, which are fixedly sleeved on the two connecting shafts 5 respectively. The same transmission belt 52 is installed on the two transmission rollers 51, and a plurality of flipping rods 53 are fixedly installed on the transmission belt 52. The inner walls of both sides of the drying bin 4 are fixedly installed with arc guide frames 54, and the two arc guide frames 54 are movably installed on the transmission belt 52. L-shaped mounting rods 55 are fixedly installed on both sides of the two arc guide frames 54. A feed support plate 56 and a discharge support plate 57 are fixedly installed on the two L-shaped mounting rods 55 on the same side. A plurality of through holes 58 are opened on the feed support plate 56 and the discharge support plate 57, and the through holes 58 correspond to the flipping rods 53. The two mesh belt conveyors 3 are respectively located on the feed support plate 56 and the discharge support plate 57. On one side of 7, a driving motor 59 is fixedly installed on one side of the drying bin 4, and the output end of the driving motor 59 passes through the drying bin 4 and is fixedly installed on a corresponding connecting shaft 5. When the driving motor 59 is turned on, the output end of the driving motor 59 can drive the connecting shaft 5 to rotate, and the rotating connecting shaft 5 drives one of the transmission rollers 51 to rotate. Through the transmission cooperation between the two transmission rollers 51 and the transmission belt 52, the two transmission rollers 51 can rotate at the same time and drive the transmission belt 52 to move in a circle. The circular motion of the transmission belt 52 will drive the flipping rod 53 to move in a circle. During the process, the moving flipping rod 53 will pass through the through hole 58 on the feed support plate 56 and drive the lithium batteries to rise. The subsequent lithium batteries will temporarily stay on the feed support plate 56 under the transportation of the mesh belt conveyor 3.

[0026] Furthermore, the clamping structure includes two connecting seats 61, the two connecting seats 61 are fixedly mounted on the two transmission connecting belts 6, the two transmission connecting belts 6 are fixedly mounted on the transmission belt 52, the two transmission connecting belts 6 are in contact with the two arc guide frames 54, and the two connecting seats 61 are slidably mounted with slide rods 62, one end of the two slide rods 62 is fixedly mounted with a pressure block 63, the other end of the two slide rods 62 is fixedly mounted with an extrusion plate 64, and four guide rods 65 are slidably mounted on the two extrusion plates 64. The four guide rods 65 on the same side are fixedly mounted with the same clamping plate 66. When the transmission belt 52 moves in a circular motion, It will drive the two transmission connecting belts 6 to move in a circular motion, and the circular motion transmission connecting belts 6 will drive the corresponding connecting seat 61 to rise. During the rising process of the connecting seat 61, the pressure block 63 will be driven to contact the arc surface of the arc guide frame 54, so that the pressure blocks 63 on both sides will be squeezed by the arc surfaces of the two arc guide frames 54 respectively and move. The moving pressure block 63 can compress the reset spring 67 and drive the slide bar 62 to slide on the connecting seat 61. The sliding slide bar 62 will drive the extrusion plate 64 to slide, so that the extrusion plate 64 drives the splint 66 to move through the cooperation of the guide rod 65 and the auxiliary spring 68, and finally the splints 66 on both sides are close to each other and clamp the lithium battery.

[0027] Furthermore, a return spring 67 is sleeved on the slide rod 62, and the two ends of the return spring 67 are respectively fixedly mounted on the side where the pressure block 63 and the connecting seat 61 are close to each other. An auxiliary spring 68 is slidably sleeved on the guide rod 65, and the two ends of the auxiliary spring 68 are respectively fixedly mounted on the side where the extrusion plate 64 and the clamping plate 66 are close to each other. The moving pressure block 63 can compress the return spring 67, and the continuously moving connecting seat 61 will drive the pressure block 63 to detach from the arc surface of the arc guide frame 54. At this time, the compressed return spring 67 will be released and push the pressure block 63 to reset. When the clamping plate 66 clamps the lithium battery, the continuous movement of the slide rod 62 will compress the auxiliary spring 68.

[0028] Furthermore, four sliding holes 69 are provided on the extrusion plate 64, and four guide rods 65 are respectively slidably installed in the four sliding holes 69. A stopper 610 is fixedly installed on one side of the four guide rods 65. When the splint 66 clamps the lithium battery, the sliding rod 62 continues to move, causing the splint 66 to drive the guide rod 65 to slide in the sliding hole 69 on the extrusion plate 64.

[0029] Furthermore, the guide structure includes two guide bars 71, which are respectively fixedly mounted on one side of the two connecting rods 7. The two guide bars 71 are both located in the drying bin 4, and the two guide bars 71 are both located on the top side of the mesh belt conveyor 3. During the transportation process, the lithium battery will be moved between the two guide bars 71, and moved to the feed pallet 56 under the guidance of the two guide bars 71 to avoid position displacement of the lithium battery.

[0030] Example 2: Figure 1 In order to further improve the drying effect of the lithium battery, a guide structure is arranged on the mounting frame 1. The guide structure includes multiple conveying pipes 8. One end of the conveying pipe 8 is fixedly mounted on the drying bin 4, and the other end of the conveying pipe 8 is fixedly mounted on one side of the mounting frame 1. The conveying pipe 8 is connected to the mounting frame 1 and the drying bin 4 respectively. Two air guide covers 81 are fixedly mounted on the mounting frame 1. Both air guide covers 81 are connected to the drying bin 4. Part of the hot air can be transported from the drying bin 4 to the mounting frame 1 through the conveying pipe 8, so that the heat passes through the mesh belt conveyor 3 to dry the bottom of the lithium battery, and part of the hot air can be guided by the air guide cover 81 to preheat the lithium battery at the front end of the mesh belt conveyor 3. The remaining features are the same as those in Example 1.

[0031] The working principle is as follows: when in use, the lithium battery is placed on the mesh belt conveyor 3, and the lithium battery can be transported to the drying bin 4 by driving the mesh belt conveyor 3. During the process, the hot air blower 41 can be turned on, and the output end of the hot air blower 41 can transport hot air into the drying bin 4 to dry the lithium battery passing through. Part of the hot air is transported from the drying bin 4 to the mounting frame 1 through the conveying pipe 8, so that the heat passes through the mesh belt conveyor 3 to dry the bottom of the lithium battery, and part of the hot air can preheat the lithium battery at the front end of the mesh belt conveyor 3 under the guidance of the air guide cover 81. During the transportation process, the lithium battery will move between the two guide bars 71 and move to the feed support plate 56 under the guidance of the two guide bars 71. The driving can be turned on during the process. The output end of the driving motor 59 can drive the connecting shaft 5 to rotate, and the rotating connecting shaft 5 drives one of the transmission rollers 51 to rotate. Through the transmission cooperation between the two transmission rollers 51 and the transmission belt 52, the two transmission rollers 51 can rotate at the same time and drive the transmission belt 52 to move in a circular motion. The circular motion transmission belt 52 will drive the flipping rod 53 to move in a circular motion. During the process, the moving flipping rod 53 will pass through the through hole 58 on the feed support plate 56 and drive the lithium battery to rise. The subsequent lithium battery will temporarily stay on the feed support plate 56 under the transportation of the mesh belt conveyor 3. The transmission belt 52 will drive the two transmission connecting belts 6 to move in a circular motion while moving in a circular motion. The circular motion transmission connecting belt 6 will drive the corresponding The connecting seat 61 rises, and during the rising process of the connecting seat 61, the pressure block 63 is driven to contact the arc surface of the arc guide frame 54, so that the pressure blocks 63 on both sides are respectively squeezed by the arc surfaces of the two arc guide frames 54 and move. The moving pressure block 63 can compress the return spring 67 and drive the slide bar 62 to slide on the connecting seat 61. The sliding slide bar 62 drives the extrusion plate 64 to slide, so that the extrusion plate 64 drives the clamping plate 66 to move through the cooperation of the guide rod 65 and the auxiliary spring 68, and finally makes the clamping plates 66 on both sides approach each other and clamp the lithium battery. At this time, the continuous movement of the slide bar 62 will cause the clamping plate 66 to drive the guide rod 65 to slide in the sliding hole 69 on the extrusion plate 64 and compress the auxiliary spring 68. The continuously rising flipping rod 53 is When it moves to the corner of the transmission belt 52, it will drive the lithium battery to flip over and move downward. At the same time, the continuously moving connecting seat 61 will drive the pressure block 63 to detach from the arc surface of the arc guide frame 54. At this time, the compressed return spring 67 will be released and push the pressure block 63 to reset, so that the splint 66 will loosen the lithium battery. At this time, the lithium battery will fall on the discharge tray 57 and slide along the inclined surface of the discharge tray 57 to another mesh belt conveyor 3. After that, the flipped lithium battery is dried so that each side of the lithium battery can be evenly heated to improve the drying effect. The battery is then transported out through another mesh belt conveyor 3, and the descending flipping rod 53 passes through the through hole 58 on the discharge tray 57 for the next flipping operation.

[0032] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A lithium battery circulation drying device, comprising a mounting frame (1); characterized in that: A plurality of supporting legs (2) are fixedly mounted on the bottom side of the mounting frame (1), two mesh belt conveyors (3) are mounted on the inner wall of the mounting frame (1), a drying bin (4) is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame (1), the two mesh belt conveyors (3) are both located in the drying bin (4), a drying structure is mounted on the drying bin (4), two connecting shafts (5) are rotatably mounted on the drying bin (4), a turnover structure is mounted on the two connecting shafts (5), two transmission connecting belts (6) are mounted on the turnover structure, two clamping structures are mounted on the two transmission connecting belts (6), a plurality of connecting rods (7) are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the mounting frame (1), a guide structure is mounted on the connecting rods (7), and a diversion structure is mounted on the mounting frame (1); The drying structure comprises a plurality of hot air blowers (41), wherein the hot air blowers (41) are fixedly mounted on the top side of the drying chamber (4), and the output end of the hot air blower (41) passes through the drying chamber (4) and is fixedly mounted with an air outlet hopper (42), which is located on the top side of the mesh belt conveyor (3).

2. A lithium battery circulation drying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flipping structure comprises two transmission rollers (51), the two transmission rollers (51) are respectively fixedly sleeved on the two connecting shafts (5), the two transmission rollers (51) are driven by a same transmission belt (52), a plurality of flipping rods (53) are fixedly mounted on the transmission belt (52), and an arc guide frame (54) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of both sides of the drying bin (4), the two arc guide frames (54) are movably mounted on the transmission belt (52), and an L-shaped mounting rod (55) is fixedly mounted on both sides of the two arc guide frames (54). The two arc guide frames (54) on the same side are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the drying bin (4). A feed support plate (56) and a discharge support plate (57) are fixedly mounted on the L-shaped mounting rods (55), and a plurality of through holes (58) are provided on the feed support plate (56) and the discharge support plate (57), and the through holes (58) correspond to the turning rods (53). Two mesh belt conveyors (3) are respectively located on one side of the feed support plate (56) and the discharge support plate (57). A drive motor (59) is fixedly mounted on one side of the drying bin (4), and the output end of the drive motor (59) passes through the drying bin (4) and is fixedly mounted on a corresponding connecting shaft (5).

3. The lithium battery circulation drying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping structure includes two connecting seats (61), the two connecting seats (61) are fixedly mounted on two transmission connecting belts (6), the two transmission connecting belts (6) are fixedly mounted on the transmission belt (52), the two transmission connecting belts (6) are in contact with two arc-surface guide frames (54), the two connecting seats (61) are slidably mounted with a slide rod (62), one end of the two slide rods (62) is fixedly mounted with a pressure block (63), the other end of the two slide rods (62) is fixedly mounted with an extrusion plate (64), four guide rods (65) are slidably mounted on the two extrusion plates (64), and the four guide rods (65) located on the same side are fixedly mounted with the same clamping plate (66).

4. A lithium battery circulation drying device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A return spring (67) is sleeved on the slide rod (62), and both ends of the return spring (67) are fixedly mounted on the side where the pressure block (63) and the connecting seat (61) are close to each other. An auxiliary spring (68) is slidably sleeved on the guide rod (65), and both ends of the auxiliary spring (68) are fixedly mounted on the side where the extrusion plate (64) and the clamping plate (66) are close to each other.

5. The lithium battery circulation drying device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Four sliding holes (69) are formed on the extrusion plate (64), and four guide rods (65) are slidably mounted in the four sliding holes (69), respectively. A stopper (610) is fixedly mounted on one side of each of the four guide rods (65).

6. The lithium battery circulation drying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide structure comprises two guide bars (71), the two guide bars (71) being fixedly mounted on one side of the two connecting rods (7), the two guide bars (71) being located in the drying chamber (4), and the two guide bars (71) being located on the top side of the mesh belt conveyor (3).

7. The lithium battery circulation drying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide structure comprises a plurality of conveying pipes (8), one end of the conveying pipe (8) is fixedly mounted on the drying bin (4), and the other end of the conveying pipe (8) is fixedly mounted on one side of the mounting frame (1), the conveying pipe (8) is respectively connected to the mounting frame (1) and the drying bin (4), and two air guide covers (81) are fixedly mounted on the mounting frame (1), and both air guide covers (81) are connected to the drying bin (4).