Battery management system and scooter

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of battery safety, and particularly relates to a battery management system and a scooter, and the battery management system comprises a power supply loop which is used for cooperating with a battery to supply power for discharging of a load, and a switching tube which is connected in series with the power supply loop and is used for controlling the on-off of the power supply loop; the microcontroller is used for monitoring working parameters of the battery in a power-on state of the system and cutting off a power supply loop through the switching tube when the parameters are abnormal so as to carry out undervoltage and undercurrent protection; the anomaly detection circuit is connected to the power supply loop so as to detect abnormal discharge of the power supply loop in a system power-off state and output an electric signal when the power supply loop abnormally discharges; the wake-up circuit is connected with the anomaly detection circuit, and when the wake-up circuit receives the electric signal output by the anomaly detection circuit, the microcontroller is enabled so that the microcontroller can be powered on again; wherein the microcontroller cuts off the power supply loop after being powered on again, so as to prevent the abnormal discharge behavior of the battery to the load.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of battery safety, and in particular relates to a battery management system and a scooter. Background Art

[0002] Typically, a MOS transistor is connected in series with the battery pack's power supply circuit to control its on / off state, switching the battery pack between discharging the load and stopping discharge. However, if the MOS transistor becomes abnormally conductive when the battery pack is shut down, it will force the battery pack to discharge, resulting in deep discharge, posing a safety hazard and shortening the battery pack's service life. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a MOS abnormality detection solution under the shutdown condition of the BMS (Battery Manage System) to avoid abnormal discharge of the battery pack and ensure the safety of the battery pack.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives and other related objectives, the present invention provides a battery management system, comprising: a power supply circuit, for cooperating with a battery to supply energy for load discharge, and a switch tube is connected in series on the power supply circuit, for controlling the on and off of the power supply circuit; a microcontroller, for monitoring the operating parameters of the battery when the system is powered on, and cutting off the power supply circuit through the switch tube when its parameters are abnormal, so as to perform undervoltage and undercurrent protection; an abnormality detection circuit, connected to the power supply circuit, to detect abnormal discharge of the power supply circuit when the system is powered off, and output an electrical signal when the power supply circuit discharges abnormally; a wake-up circuit, connected to the abnormality detection circuit, and when the wake-up circuit receives the electrical signal output by the abnormality detection circuit, enables the microcontroller to power on again; wherein, the microcontroller cuts off the power supply circuit after powering on again to prevent abnormal discharge of the battery to the load.

[0005] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, it also includes: an acquisition unit, which is communicatively connected to the microcontroller and is used to collect the operating parameters of the battery and feed them back to the microcontroller when the system is powered on; wherein the microcontroller is used to identify the operating state of the battery based on the operating parameters and output corresponding control instructions, and the acquisition unit is used to control the switching tube to be turned on or off according to the control instructions output by the microcontroller.

[0006] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the switch tube is connected in series to the negative electrode of the battery, and the control end of the switch tube is connected to an enable output end of the acquisition unit.

[0007] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, it also includes: a fault protection unit, which is connected in series on the power supply circuit, and the fault protection unit is configured to keep the power supply circuit conductive when not triggered, and to disconnect the power supply circuit after being triggered; wherein, when the switching tube is abnormal, the microcontroller drives the fault protection unit to cut off the power supply circuit.

[0008] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the fault protection unit is a fuse, and the fuse is connected in series to the positive electrode of the battery.

[0009] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the microcontroller is connected to the fault protection unit via a driving circuit.

[0010] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the abnormality detection circuit includes: a first transistor, one end of which is connected to the positive output end of the power supply circuit, the other end is grounded through a resistor, and the control end is connected to the positive output end of the power supply circuit through a current limiting resistor; a second transistor, one end of which is connected to the wake-up circuit, the other end is grounded, and the control end is connected to one side of the resistor; wherein, when the system is powered off, the first transistor is turned on when the power supply circuit is abnormally discharged, and the second transistor is turned on after the first transistor is turned on, so that the wake-up circuit is connected to a low electrical signal.

[0011] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first transistor is grounded through the first resistor and the second resistor, and the control end of the second transistor is connected between the first resistor and the second resistor; the abnormality detection circuit also includes: a third diode, one end of which is connected to the control end of the second transistor, the other end of which is grounded, and the control end is connected to an enable output end of the microcontroller; a fourth transistor, one end of which is connected to the wake-up circuit, the other end of which is grounded, and the control end and the control end of the third diode are connected to the same enable output end of the microcontroller; wherein, when the microcontroller is powered on again, the third diode and the fourth transistor are turned on through its enable output end, and the second transistor is turned off after the third diode is turned on, so that whether the wake-up circuit can access a low-set electrical signal is controlled by the fourth transistor.

[0012] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the wake-up circuit includes: a field effect transistor, one end of which is connected to the positive pole of the battery, and the control end is used to access the electrical signal output by the abnormality detection circuit; a low voltage dropout regulator, the input end of which is connected to the other end of the field effect transistor, and the output end is connected to the power supply end of the microcontroller; wherein the field effect transistor is turned on after receiving the electrical signal output by the abnormality detection circuit, and the low voltage dropout regulator is used to convert the output voltage of the battery into a power supply voltage of a preset value to enable the microcontroller.

[0013] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, capacitors for voltage stabilization and filtering are connected to the input and output ends of the low voltage dropout regulator.

[0014] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the field effect tube is connected to the positive electrode of the battery through a diode, and one end of the field effect tube is also connected to a voltage divider resistor and a voltage regulator tube respectively; wherein the positive electrode of the diode is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the negative electrode is connected to one end of the field effect tube.

[0015] A scooter comprises the battery management system described above and a battery.

[0016] The utility model provides a battery management system that can detect whether the battery is abnormally discharging when the power is off, thereby determining whether the MOS tube on the power supply circuit is abnormally conducting. Moreover, when the battery is discharging, the microcontroller can be reawakened so that it can drive the fault protection unit to cut off the power supply circuit to prevent abnormal discharge of the battery.

[0017] In addition, it can automatically reset after waking up the microcontroller and cutting off the power supply circuit, so that it can cyclically detect abnormal battery discharge behavior when the system is powered off. This greatly improves battery safety with less hardware cost, ensures the battery life, and avoids abnormal deep discharge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a specific embodiment of a battery management system provided by the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a circuit topology diagram of a specific embodiment of a battery management system provided by the present utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] To facilitate understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings provide embodiments of the present application. However, the present application may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0022] It will be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., used herein may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish a first element from another element. For example, a first resistor may be referred to as a second resistor, and similarly, a second resistor may be referred to as a first resistor without departing from the scope of this application. The first resistor and the second resistor are both resistors, but they are not the same resistor.

[0023] It can be understood that the “connection” in the following embodiments should be understood as “electrical connection”, “communication connection”, etc. if there is transmission of electrical signals or data between the connected circuits, modules, units, etc.

[0024] It is understood that “at least one” refers to one or more, “a plurality” refers to two or more, and “at least a portion of an element” refers to a portion or all of an element.

[0025] As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" may also include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms "include," "comprising," "having," and the like specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. Furthermore, the term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of the relevant listed items.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] See Figure 1 A battery management system is shown, comprising: a battery power supply circuit 10, a microcontroller 20, an acquisition unit 30, a fault protection unit 40, an abnormality detection circuit 50, and a wake-up circuit 60. The battery is capable of discharging the connected load through the power supply circuit 10, and the input end of the corresponding power supply circuit 10 is respectively connected to the positive / negative poles of the battery, and the output end is respectively connected to the positive input interface and the negative input interface of the load, serving as a bridge between the battery and the load. At the same time, in order to achieve undervoltage and undercurrent protection of the battery, a corresponding switching device is connected in series on the power supply circuit 10, usually a MOS tube, which is driven by voltage to turn on or off, and when the operating parameters of the battery, such as voltage, current, temperature, etc., are abnormal, the power supply circuit 10 is cut off by turning off the MOS tube, thereby protecting the battery from damage.

[0028] It should be noted that the switching devices configured in the power supply circuit are not limited to MOS tubes. For example, they can also be other switching tubes such as IGBT tubes, or relays, etc. There are no excessive restrictions on this. Those skilled in the art can make modifications and improvements to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention. They still fall within the scope of the utility model patent application of the present invention.

[0029] The acquisition unit 30 is used to collect relevant parameters of the battery during operation, namely, detecting and collecting the battery's output current and output voltage, as well as the battery's operating temperature. It is understood that a battery is composed of several cells, and the acquisition unit 30 can also be composed of multiple CMCs (Cell Measurement Controllers) to monitor the operating parameters of each cell and ultimately feed the collected data back to the microcontroller 20. Alternatively, the acquisition unit 30 can use an AFE (analog front-end) chip to convert analog signals such as the battery's voltage, current, and temperature into digital signals for further processing by the microcontroller 20.

[0030] At the same time, the microcontroller 20 can use MCU and AFE to cooperate to realize a more advanced management system.

[0031] Specifically, the microcontroller 20 can identify the operating status of the battery based on the relevant parameters fed back by the acquisition unit 30. For example, it can calculate the corresponding output power based on the battery's output current and output voltage, or estimate the battery's remaining capacity (SOC) and health status based on the battery's output current changes, total battery capacity, and corresponding usage time. Alternatively, it can identify whether the battery has experienced other faults, such as a short circuit or open circuit, based on the battery's operating parameters. To this end, when the microcontroller 20 identifies an abnormal operating status or parameter of the battery, such as low battery charge, battery failure, or a parameter outside a preset range, it can output a corresponding control instruction and send it to the acquisition unit 30, causing the acquisition unit 30 to output a high / low level signal to shut down the MOSFET Q1 and cut off the battery's power supply circuit 10. If none of these conditions occur, the battery is considered normal. The acquisition unit 30 can then output a high / low level signal based on the corresponding control instruction from the microcontroller 20 to keep the MOSFET Q1 conductive, allowing the battery to discharge and supply energy to the load normally.

[0032] It should be noted here that if Figure 2As shown, MOS transistor Q1 is preferably placed on the negative line of the power supply circuit, in series with the negative terminal of the battery. Therefore, the drain and source of MOS transistor Q1 are respectively connected to the negative line of the power supply circuit. Secondly, the control terminal, i.e., the gate, of MOS transistor Q1 is connected to an enable output terminal of the acquisition unit 30. Acquisition unit 30 outputs a high / low level signal to turn MOS transistor Q1 on or off. To this end, acquisition unit 30, based on control instructions from microcontroller 20, pulls its enable output terminal high or low to achieve on-off control of MOS transistor Q1. It should also be added that the above-mentioned arrangement of the MOS transistor Q1 is only a preferred embodiment and does not limit the scope of application of the present application. For example, the MOS transistor Q1 can also be arranged on the positive line of the power supply circuit, or the on / off state can be directly controlled by the microcontroller 20, etc. The main purpose is to control the on / off switching of the power supply circuit 10 through the MOS transistor Q1 to achieve undervoltage and undercurrent protection for the battery. Modifications and improvements made to the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention will still fall within the scope of the utility model patent application of the present invention.

[0033] In addition, since the acquisition unit 30 needs to feed back the collected battery operating parameters to the microcontroller 20, the acquisition unit 30 needs to establish a communication connection with the microcontroller 20, and there are no excessive restrictions on the communication method between the acquisition unit 30 and the microcontroller 20. For example, the microcontroller 20 can establish a communication connection with the acquisition unit 20 and other functional module units through the I2C (Inter Integrated Circuit) communication protocol, or other communication protocols can be used. The specific configuration can be freely based on the actual application scenario. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, modifications and improvements made to the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art still fall within the scope of the utility model patent application of the present invention.

[0034] The fault protection unit 40, a key protection device in the BMS, forms a dual protection mechanism with the MOS transistor Q1, further ensuring the safety of the battery. This allows the unit to immediately disconnect the power supply circuit 10 and protect the battery in the event that the MOS transistor Q1 is unable to control the power supply circuit 10, or in an emergency. It is understandable that since the MOS transistor is a voltage-driven device, controlling its shutdown requires a certain amount of time. However, in order to ensure battery safety in the event of a battery short circuit or other emergency, the fault protection unit 40 is required to immediately disconnect the power supply circuit 10. In this embodiment, the fault protection unit 40 is implemented as a fuse and is connected in series with the power supply circuit 10. Specifically, the fuse F1 can be arranged on the positive line of the power supply circuit 10, in series with the positive electrode of the battery, so as to immediately disconnect the power transmission path between the battery and the power supply circuit 10. In addition, it can be understood that in order to use the fuse F1 to blow the power supply circuit 10, the fuse F1 needs to be triggered to blow it. Therefore, in actual applications, a control chip with protection function software pre-written in it is also necessary to configure it to monitor the working status of the battery so as to trigger the protection function and drive the fuse F1 to blow the power supply circuit 10 when the battery is abnormal.

[0035] However, the BMS based on the above-mentioned functional module units needs to work normally under the power-on condition so that each chip, unit, module, etc. can perform the corresponding function. For example, under the power-off condition, the fault protection unit 40 has no corresponding control chip or controller to drive it. Once the MOS tube Q1 is abnormally turned on and the output end of the power supply circuit 10 is still connected to the load, it will cause the battery to be deeply discharged, and the fault protection unit 40 cannot respond to protect it, thereby shortening the battery life and even causing safety hazards.

[0036] In this regard, although current protection measures can ensure battery safety during BMS power-on, in order to also ensure battery safety during BMS power-off and improve BMS reliability, in this embodiment, an abnormality detection circuit 50 and a wake-up circuit 60 are further configured. Specifically, the abnormality detection circuit 50 can monitor whether the battery is abnormally discharging through the power supply circuit 10 when the BMS is powered off, thereby identifying whether the MOS transistor Q1 has an abnormal conduction fault.

[0037] It can be understood here that when the BMS is powered off, each chip, unit, module, etc. stops working accordingly, and the MOS transistor Q1 will also be turned off to cut off the power supply circuit 10. Therefore, if the battery is still discharging to the outside during the BMS power-off period, it means that the MOS transistor Q1 has abnormally turned on. The corresponding abnormal detection circuit 50 can detect the abnormal discharge of the battery through the power supply circuit 10 and output an electrical signal to trigger the wake-up circuit 60. The wake-up circuit 60 can enable the microcontroller 20 to power it back on. Since the MOS transistor Q1 has an abnormal fault, the microcontroller 20 can cut off the power supply circuit 10 by driving the fault protection unit 40 after powering on again to prevent the battery from abnormally discharging to the load, thereby protecting the battery when the BMS is powered off. It should also be added that the wake-up circuit 60 mentioned in this embodiment can reuse the original wake-up circuit of the BMS, or a new wake-up circuit can be re-set, and there are no excessive restrictions on this.

[0038] Specifically, the abnormality detection circuit 50 includes a first transistor Q2, a second transistor Q3, a third transistor Q4, and a fourth transistor Q5. One end (emitter) of the first transistor Q2 is connected to the positive output terminal of the power supply circuit 10, and the other end (collector) is grounded via resistors R3 and R4. The control end (base) of the first transistor Q2 is connected to the positive output terminal of the power supply circuit 10 via a current-limiting resistor. The current-limiting resistors include R1 and R2. R1 has one end connected to the positive output terminal of the power supply circuit 10 and the other end connected to the base of the first transistor Q2. R2 has one end grounded and the other end connected to the base of the first transistor Q2. When the battery abnormally discharges through the power supply circuit 10, the output current passes through current-limiting resistors R1 and R2, triggering the first transistor Q2 to conduct.

[0039] One end (collector) of the second transistor Q3 is connected to the wake-up circuit 60, the other end (emitter) is grounded, and the control end (base) is connected between resistors R3 and R4. When the first transistor Q2 is turned on, the current output by the battery through the power supply circuit 10 passes through resistor R3, triggering the second transistor Q3 to turn on.

[0040] It can be seen that when the BMS is in the power-off state, when the battery discharges abnormally to the outside through the power supply circuit 10, the first transistor Q2 will be turned on, and the second transistor Q3 will be turned on after the first transistor Q2 is turned on. Since the second transistor Q3 is turned on and its emitter is grounded, its collector will be pulled low at the same time, so that the wake-up circuit 60 is connected to a low electrical signal.

[0041] It's important to note that the wake-up circuit 60 includes a field-effect transistor (FET) Q6 and a low-dropout (LDO) regulator (U1). One end (source) of FET Q6 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the other end (drain) is connected to the input (IN) of LDO regulator U1. The control end (gate) receives the electrical signal input from the abnormality detection circuit 50 through resistor R6, connecting it to the collector of the second transistor Q3. To ensure unidirectional current flow from the battery to the LDO regulator U1, a diode D1 is connected in series between the positive terminal of the battery and the source of FET Q6. The positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the negative terminal is connected to the source of FET Q6. Furthermore, a voltage divider resistor R5 and a voltage regulator diode Z1 are connected between the source and gate of FET Q6 to ensure proper operation of FET Q6.

[0042] It should also be added that the input end of the wake-up circuit 60, i.e., the source of the field-effect transistor Q6, is not limited to being connected to a battery. For example, it can also be connected to an auxiliary power supply or other power supply voltage. The main purpose is to enable the microcontroller 20 through an external power supply or voltage after the field-effect transistor Q6 is turned on. Without making too many restrictions on this, modifications and embellishments made to the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention still fall within the scope of the utility model patent application of the present invention.

[0043] It should be understood that FET Q6 can be a P-channel MOS transistor, which turns on when the gate is connected to a low-level electrical signal. Therefore, when the BMS is powered off, if the battery discharges through the power supply circuit 10, the abnormality detection circuit 50 will be triggered to pull the gate of FET Q6 low, thereby turning on FET Q6. The corresponding low-dropout voltage regulator U1 can convert the battery output voltage into a preset supply voltage, such as 3.3V. The output terminal (OUT) of the low-dropout voltage regulator U1 is connected to the power supply terminal of the microcontroller 20, thereby enabling and reawakening the microcontroller 20. Finally, after powering back on, the microcontroller 20 can drive the fault protection unit 40 to disconnect the power supply circuit 10 to prevent further battery discharge. In addition, capacitors C1 and C2 for voltage stabilization and filtering are connected between the input terminal (IN) and the ground terminal (G) of the low-dropout voltage regulator U1, and capacitors C3 and C4 for voltage stabilization and filtering are also connected between the output terminal (OUT) and the ground terminal (G). No excessive restrictions are imposed on this, only to ensure that the low-dropout voltage regulator U1 can operate normally.

[0044] Furthermore, one end (collector) of the third transistor Q4 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q3, the other end (emitter) is grounded, and the control end (base) is connected to an enable output of the microcontroller 20. One end (collector) of the fourth transistor Q5 is connected to the wake-up circuit 60, namely, to the gate of the field-effect transistor Q6 via resistor R6, and the other end (emitter) is grounded. The control end (base) is connected to the same enable output (PWRON) of the microcontroller 20 as the base of the third transistor Q4.

[0045] It is understood that when the microcontroller 20 is awakened, its enable output (PWR ON) can output a high-level electrical signal to turn on the third transistor Q4 and the fourth transistor Q5. After the third transistor Q4 is turned on, the base of the second transistor Q3 is pulled low, thereby turning off the second transistor Q3. At this time, because the second transistor Q3 is disconnected, the gate of the field-effect transistor Q6 receives a low-level electrical signal through the fourth transistor Q5, so that the conduction of the field-effect transistor Q6 is controlled solely by the fourth transistor Q5. The main purpose of this is that when the microcontroller 20 is powered on again, it will synchronously wake up the other modules in the BMS. When the entire BMS is powered on, its enable output (PWR ON) can stop outputting a high-level electrical signal, and the fourth transistor Q5 is accordingly turned off, thereby stopping the wake-up circuit 60.

[0046] It can be seen that when the microcontroller 20 is powered on again, the second transistor Q3 will be turned off in sequence, and the wake-up circuit 60 will stop working. When the microcontroller 20 drives the fault protection unit 40 to cut off the power supply circuit 10, the first transistor Q2 will be turned off accordingly, so that the abnormality detection circuit 50 will also stop working. It can wait for the next time the BMS is powered off to detect whether the battery is discharged to the outside through the power supply circuit 10, thereby realizing cyclic work and continuously ensuring the safety of the battery.

[0047] In a specific embodiment, the microcontroller 20 can drive the fault protection unit 50 through a driving circuit, that is, the fuse F1 is blown. For example, a related integrated chip about the driving circuit can be used, including a high-side driver chip, etc. Therefore, an output end of the microcontroller 20 can be connected to the fault protection unit 50 through the driving circuit. Of course, there are not too many restrictions on the driving circuit. A more appropriate driving circuit can be selected according to actual conditions and cost budget. Those skilled in the art can make modifications and improvements to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention. They still fall within the scope of the utility model patent application of the present invention.

[0048] In summary, the BMS provided in this embodiment can detect whether the battery is discharged to the outside through the power supply circuit in the power-off state, and then determine whether the MOS tube is abnormally conductive, and re-enable the microcontroller through the abnormal detection circuit and the wake-up circuit, so that the microcontroller drives the fault protection unit to cut off the power supply circuit, thereby avoiding abnormal discharge of the battery, greatly improving the safety of the battery, and being able to continuously ensure the safe use of the battery in the power-on and power-off states.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] This embodiment also provides a scooter, including the battery management system (BMS) provided in the above embodiment and a battery. The scooter can be two-wheeled or three-wheeled, and there are no excessive restrictions on this.

[0051] In summary, the utility model provides a battery management system that can detect whether the battery is abnormally discharging when the power is off, thereby determining whether the MOS tube on the power supply circuit is abnormally conductive. Moreover, when the battery is discharging, the microcontroller can be re-awakened so that it can drive the fault protection unit to cut off the power supply circuit to prevent abnormal discharge of the battery.

[0052] In addition, it can automatically reset after waking up the microcontroller and cutting off the power supply circuit, so that it can cyclically detect abnormal battery discharge behavior when the system is powered off. This greatly improves battery safety with less hardware cost, ensures the battery life, and avoids abnormal deep discharge.

[0053] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical principles disclosed in the present invention are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.

[0054] In the description of this specification, reference to the terms "some embodiments" or "other embodiments" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0055] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0056] The above description of the illustrated embodiments of the present invention (including that described in the Abstract) is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the precise forms disclosed herein. Although specific embodiments of the present invention and examples of the present invention are described herein for illustrative purposes only, various equivalent modifications are possible within the spirit and scope of the present invention, as those skilled in the art will recognize and understand. As noted, these modifications may be made to the present invention in light of the above description of the illustrated embodiments of the present invention, and these modifications will be within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0057] The systems and methods have been generally described herein in detail to facilitate understanding of the present invention. In addition, various specific details have been given to provide an overall understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the embodiments of the present invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or can be practiced using other devices, systems, accessories, methods, components, materials, parts, etc. In other cases, well-known structures, materials, and / or operations are not specifically shown or described in detail to avoid confusing various aspects of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0058] Thus, although the present invention has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments thereof, freedom of modification, various changes and substitutions are within the foregoing disclosure, and it should be understood that in some cases, some features of the present invention will be employed without the corresponding use of other features without departing from the scope and spirit of the proposed invention. Thus, many modifications may be made to adapt particular circumstances or materials to the true scope and spirit of the present invention. The present invention is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology used in the claims below and / or to the specific embodiments disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out the invention, but the present invention will include any and all embodiments and equivalents falling within the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of the present invention will be determined solely by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery management system, characterized in that: include: A power supply circuit, used to cooperate with the battery to discharge energy for the load, and a switch tube is connected in series with the power supply circuit to control the on and off of the power supply circuit; A microcontroller is used to monitor the operating parameters of the battery when the system is powered on, and to cut off the power supply circuit through the switch tube when the parameters are abnormal, so as to perform undervoltage and undercurrent protection; an abnormality detection circuit connected to the power supply circuit to detect abnormal discharge of the power supply circuit when the system is powered off, and output an electrical signal when the power supply circuit discharges abnormally; a wake-up circuit connected to the abnormality detection circuit, and enabling the microcontroller to power on again when the wake-up circuit receives the electrical signal output by the abnormality detection circuit; Wherein, the microcontroller cuts off the power supply circuit after power is restored to prevent abnormal discharge of the battery to the load.

2. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: an acquisition unit, communicatively connected to the microcontroller, for acquiring operating parameters of the battery when the system is powered on and feeding the same back to the microcontroller; The microcontroller is used to identify the working state of the battery according to its working parameters and output corresponding control instructions, and the acquisition unit is used to control the switching tube to be turned on or off according to the control instructions output by the microcontroller.

3. The battery management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The switch tube is connected in series to the negative electrode of the battery, and the control end of the switch tube is connected to an enable output end of the acquisition unit.

4. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: a fault protection unit connected in series to the power supply circuit, wherein the fault protection unit is configured to keep the power supply circuit conductive when not triggered, and to disconnect the power supply circuit when triggered; When the switch tube is abnormal, the microcontroller drives the fault protection unit to cut off the power supply circuit.

5. The battery management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fault protection unit adopts a fuse, and the fuse is connected in series to the positive electrode of the battery.

6. The battery management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The microcontroller is connected to the fault protection unit via a driving circuit.

7. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The abnormality detection circuit includes: a first transistor, one end of which is connected to the positive output terminal of the power supply circuit, the other end of which is grounded via a resistor, and a control end of which is connected to the positive output terminal of the power supply circuit via a current-limiting resistor; A second transistor, one end of which is connected to the wake-up circuit, the other end of which is grounded, and a control end of which is connected to one side of the resistor; In which, when the system is powered off, when the power supply circuit is abnormally discharged, the first transistor is turned on, and the second transistor is turned on after the first transistor is turned on, so that the wake-up circuit receives a low electrical signal.

8. The battery management system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first transistor is grounded via a first resistor and a second resistor, and a control terminal of the second transistor is connected between the first resistor and the second resistor; the abnormality detection circuit further includes: a third diode, one end of which is connected to the control terminal of the second transistor, the other end of which is grounded, and the control terminal of which is connected to an enable output terminal of the microcontroller; a fourth transistor, one end of which is connected to the wake-up circuit, the other end of which is grounded, and a control end thereof and a control end of which are connected to the same enable output end of the microcontroller as the control end of the third diode; Among them, when the microcontroller is powered on again, the third diode and the fourth transistor are turned on through its enable output terminal, and the second transistor is turned off after the third diode is turned on, so that whether the wake-up circuit can access a low electrical signal is controlled by the fourth transistor.

9. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wake-up circuit includes: A field effect transistor, one end of which is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and a control end of which is used to receive the electrical signal output by the abnormality detection circuit; A low voltage dropout regulator, the input end of which is connected to the other end of the field effect tube, and the output end of which is connected to the power supply end of the microcontroller; The field effect transistor is turned on after receiving the electrical signal output by the abnormality detection circuit, and the low voltage dropout regulator is used to convert the output voltage of the battery into a power supply voltage of a preset value to enable the microcontroller.

10. The battery management system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The input and output ends of the low voltage dropout regulator are connected to capacitors for voltage stabilization and filtering.

11. The battery management system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The field effect tube is connected to the positive electrode of the battery through a diode, and one end of the field effect tube is also connected to a voltage divider resistor and a voltage regulator tube respectively; Wherein, the positive electrode of the diode is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the negative electrode is connected to one end of the field effect tube.

12. A scooter, characterized in that: The battery management system comprises the battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and a battery.

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