Hydrogen filling precooling and hot end recovery system based on vortex tube

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of hydrogen energy, and particularly relates to a vortex tube-based hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system, which comprises a vortex tube, a hydrogenation gun, a hydrogenation machine, a first pre-cooling unit, a multi-stage gas storage tank and a hot end recovery unit, a gas outlet of the multi-stage gas storage tank is connected to the first pre-cooling unit through a pipeline, and the first pre-cooling unit is used for primarily cooling hydrogen; the primarily cooled hydrogen is conveyed to a vortex tube through a hydrogenation machine and a hydrogenation gun, and is separated into cold air and hot air after being secondarily cooled by the vortex tube; cold air is conveyed to the hydrogen using device through the cold end outlet, and hot air enters the hot end recovery unit through the hot end outlet to be cooled and then flows back to the multi-stage gas storage tank. The technical problems that in the prior art, the hydrogen precooling efficiency is low, the cooling capacity loss is large, and the energy consumption is high are solved, the cooling capacity utilization rate is increased, the cooling capacity is recycled, and the system energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of hydrogen energy, and in particular relates to a hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on a vortex tube. Background Art

[0002] In current hydrogen refueling technology, hydrogen pre-cooling technology has become a key means to address the rapid temperature rise inside the hydrogen storage tank to ensure the quality of the refueling process and the mechanical strength of the hydrogen storage tank. However, existing hydrogen pre-cooling methods have some significant problems.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream hydrogen pre-cooling strategy is to pre-cool the hydrogen using traditional refrigeration methods before the hydrogen filling machine. Although this method can reduce the hydrogen temperature to a certain extent, it consumes a lot of energy and places a burden on the overall energy demand of the hydrogen filling station. Traditional refrigeration methods usually rely on high-energy-consuming equipment such as compressors. As the demand for pre-cooling increases, the energy consumption problem becomes more and more prominent. In addition, the pre-cooled hydrogen must pass through a certain length of pipeline before being transmitted to the hydrogen filling gun, resulting in some loss of cooling capacity during the transmission process, further reducing the pre-cooling efficiency and affecting the filling effect.

[0004] Furthermore, in situations where lower pre-cooling is required, traditional refrigeration methods can cause condensation or ice formation at equipment connections, particularly inside the hydrogenation gun and at the hydrogenation port connection. This can lead to safety hazards such as gun valve jamming and interface leakage, increasing equipment maintenance difficulties and potentially compromising the safety of the hydrogenation process.

[0005] Therefore, the existing technology urgently needs a new pre-cooling solution that can improve the pre-cooling efficiency and reduce the cooling loss during the filling process without significantly increasing energy consumption. Utility Model Content

[0006] In response to the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model provides a hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on a vortex tube. Through the synergistic effect of multi-stage pre-cooling, vortex separation cooling and hot end recovery, the temperature of the filled hydrogen is effectively reduced, ensuring a stable supply of low-temperature hydrogen, while improving the cold capacity utilization rate and energy efficiency, and having the advantages of high efficiency and energy saving.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention will adopt the following technical solutions:

[0008] A hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on a vortex tube, comprising a vortex tube, a hydrogenation gun, a hydrogenation machine, a first pre-cooling unit, a multi-stage gas storage tank and a hot end recovery unit;

[0009] The multi-stage gas storage tank is composed of multiple gas storage tanks connected in parallel, and the gas outlet of each gas storage tank is connected to the gas inlet of the first pre-cooling unit through a pipeline. The first pre-cooling unit is used to preliminarily cool the hydrogen from the multi-stage gas storage tank; the first pre-cooling unit is sequentially connected to the gas inlets of the hydrogenator, hydrogenation gun and vortex tube through pipelines to transport the preliminarily cooled hydrogen to the vortex tube;

[0010] The vortex tube is used to perform secondary cooling on the pre-cooled hydrogen, separating the hydrogen into cold gas and hot gas through rotational separation. The vortex tube is provided with a cold end outlet and a hot end outlet. The cold end outlet is connected to a hydrogen-using device through a pipeline to provide low-temperature hydrogen; the hot end outlet is connected to a hot end recovery unit, and the hot end recovery unit includes an inlet end and an outlet end, wherein the inlet end is used to receive the hot gas from the hot end outlet; the hot end recovery unit is used to cool the hot gas and return the cooled hot gas to the multi-stage gas storage tank through its outlet end to reduce the temperature of the hydrogen in the gas storage tank.

[0011] In a preferred implementation, further, the hot end recovery unit includes a second pre-cooling unit and a reflux control valve, which are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipeline from the inlet end to the outlet end of the hot end recovery unit.

[0012] In a preferred implementation, further, the multi-stage gas storage tank includes at least a low-pressure gas storage tank, a medium-pressure gas storage tank and a high-pressure gas storage tank, and the air inlet end of each compression gas storage tank is connected to a compressor of a corresponding pressure level.

[0013] In a preferred implementation, further, the compressors of corresponding pressure levels include a low-pressure compressor, a medium-pressure compressor and a high-pressure compressor, and the low-pressure gas storage tank, the medium-pressure gas storage tank and the high-pressure gas storage tank are pressurized step by step by the low-pressure compressor, the medium-pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor respectively.

[0014] In a preferred implementation, further, the air inlet end of the low-pressure compressor is connected to the outlet end of the hot end recovery unit.

[0015] In a preferred implementation, further, a hydrogen source is included, and the gas outlet of the hydrogen source is connected to the gas inlet of the low-pressure compressor.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, it further includes a program control panel, which is communicatively connected to the hydrogen source, the multi-stage compressed gas storage tank system, the first pre-cooling unit, the hydrogenator, the hydrogenation gun, the vortex tube and the hot end recovery system.

[0017] In a preferred implementation, further, a pipeline valve is included, which is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the multi-stage gas storage tank and the first pre-cooling unit, and is used to control the hydrogen flow and switch the system operation.

[0018] In a preferred implementation, further, the hydrogenation gun is provided between the hydrogenation machine and the vortex tube for controlling the on-off of hydrogen.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0020] First, the hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on the vortex tube of the present invention realizes multi-stage efficient cooling of hydrogen through the coordinated action of the multi-stage gas storage tank, the first pre-cooling unit and the vortex tube, wherein the vortex tube uses the rotation separation effect to perform secondary cooling on the hydrogen, thereby reducing the hydrogen temperature; through the combination of multi-stage pre-cooling, vortex separation cooling and hot end recovery, the temperature of the filled hydrogen is reduced, ensuring that the hydrogen entering the hydrogen-using device is always in a low temperature state, thereby improving the utilization rate of cooling capacity; at the same time, the system uses the hot end recovery unit to recover and cool the hot gas separated by the vortex tube, and returns the cooled gas to the multi-stage gas storage tank, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the system and reducing hydrogen waste.

[0021] Second, in a preferred implementation, the present invention performs secondary cooling on the high-temperature hydrogen discharged from the hot end of the vortex tube by providing a second pre-cooling unit on the connecting pipeline, so that the hydrogen is further cooled before being stored in the gas cylinder, thereby reducing the cooling load of the system; at the same time, the setting of the reflux control valve controls the flow rate and pressure of the cooling hydrogen to ensure the stability and cooling efficiency of the system.

[0022] Third, in the preferred implementation, the utility model gradually pressurizes the hydrogen in the hydrogen source to the required high-pressure level through step-by-step pressurization of low-pressure, medium-pressure and high-pressure gas storage tanks, thereby achieving an efficient and stable compression process. The step-by-step pressurization design effectively reduces the load on each stage of the compressor, extends the service life of the equipment, and reduces energy consumption.

[0023] Fourth, in the preferred implementation, the program control panel of the utility model realizes intelligent management of the hydrogen source, compressed gas storage tank system, pre-cooling unit, hydrogenation equipment and hot end recovery system, ensuring the coordinated operation of various components, thereby improving the stability and automation level of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on the vortex tube of the present invention.

[0025] Among them, 1- vortex tube; 2- hydrogenation gun; 3- hydrogenation machine; 4- first pre-cooling unit; 5- three-stage compression gas cylinder group; 6- hydrogen source; 7- reflux control valve; 8- pipeline valve; 9- program control panel; 10- low-pressure compressor; 11- medium-pressure compressor; 12- high-pressure compressor; 13- low-pressure gas storage tank; 14- medium-pressure gas storage tank; 15- high-pressure gas storage tank; 16- gas inlet; 17- cold end outlet; 18- hot end outlet; 19- second pre-cooling unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] The terms "up", "down", "left", "right", "front", and "back" in this application are based on the positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. The corresponding positional relationships may vary depending on the drawings, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection.

[0028] In this application, the terms "installed," "connected," "connected," "connected," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, integral connection, mechanical connection, electrical connection, or mutual communication. They can also be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. They can also refer to internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0029] As the instruction manual Figure 1The utility model describes a hydrogen filling precooling and hot end recovery system based on a vortex tube, which aims to improve the cooling efficiency of hydrogen filling, improve the utilization rate of cold capacity, and ensure that the hydrogen entering the hydrogen-using device remains at a low temperature. The precooling system includes a vortex tube 1, a hydrogenation gun 2, a hydrogenator 3, a first precooling unit 4, a multi-stage gas storage tank and a hot end recovery unit. The multi-stage gas storage tank is composed of a plurality of gas storage tanks in parallel, and the gas outlet of each gas storage tank is connected to the gas inlet of the first precooling unit 4 through a pipeline. The first precooling unit 4, the hydrogenator 3, the hydrogenation gun 2 and the vortex tube 1 are connected in sequence, and the first precooling unit 4 is used to perform preliminary cooling on the hydrogen output from the multi-stage gas storage tank to reduce the temperature of the hydrogen. The precooled hydrogen enters the hydrogenator 3, the hydrogenation gun 2 and the gas inlet 16 of the vortex tube 1 in sequence through a pipeline to reduce the cooling load of the vortex tube 1. The hydrogenator 3 is arranged after the first pre-cooling unit 4 and before the hydrogenation gun 2, and is used to adjust the pressure increase rate of the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogenation gun 2, thereby accurately controlling the hydrogenation rate. The hydrogenation gun 2 is arranged after the hydrogenator 3 and before the vortex tube 1, and serves as a switch device for controlling the on and off of hydrogen. In addition, by adjusting the flow and pressure of the hydrogenator 3, the impact or damage to the vortex tube 1 caused by excessive hydrogen flow or excessive pressure can be avoided, thereby extending the service life of the vortex tube 1. The vortex tube 1 is used to perform secondary cooling on the pre-cooled hydrogen by utilizing the rotational separation effect of the gas, separating the hydrogen into cold gas and hot gas. The vortex tube 1 is provided with a cold end outlet 17 and a hot end outlet 18. The cold end outlet 17 is connected to the hydrogen device through a pipeline and a hydrogenation interface to ensure that the hydrogen entering the hydrogen device is at a lower temperature. The hot end outlet 18 is connected to the hot end recovery unit, which includes an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end of which is used to receive the hot gas from the hot end outlet 18 of the vortex tube 1 and cool it. The cooled hot gas flows back to the multi-stage gas storage tank through the outlet end of the hot end recovery unit to reduce the temperature of the hydrogen in the multi-stage gas storage tank.

[0030] Specifically, the process of separating the cold and hot hydrogen within the vortex tube 1 involves pre-cooling hydrogen at high speed through the vortex tube's gas inlet 16. A set of tangential nozzles at the gas inlet 16 creates a strong rotational motion in the hydrogen flow. This rotation generates a strong centrifugal force, separating the high-energy and low-energy hydrogen molecules. During this rotation, the heavier, high-energy molecules are pushed toward the tube walls, forming a high-temperature flow, while the lighter, low-energy molecules concentrate in the center of the tube, forming a low-temperature flow. The low-temperature hydrogen is discharged through the cold-end outlet 17, while the hot-end outlet 18. This separation achieves secondary cooling of the hydrogen, further reducing its temperature. In a hydrogen pre-cooling system, the hydrogen temperature at the cold-end outlet 17 of the vortex tube can typically be reduced to -30°C to -50°C, a temperature range that ensures the hydrogen remains cold before entering the hydrogen-using device. The hydrogen temperature at the hot-end outlet 18 is relatively high, typically between 0°C and 20°C. This part of hot gas is cooled again through the hot end recovery unit and then returned to the multi-stage gas storage tank.

[0031] In the preferred implementation of the present application, in order to achieve efficient pre-cooling and refueling of hydrogen, the multi-stage gas storage tank adopts a three-stage compression gas storage tank group 5, which includes a low-pressure gas storage tank 13, a medium-pressure gas storage tank 14 and a high-pressure gas storage tank 15. The air inlet of each compression gas storage tank is connected to a compressor of the corresponding pressure level. Specifically, the air outlet of the low-pressure compressor 10 is connected to the air inlet of the low-pressure gas storage tank 13, and the air inlet of the low-pressure compressor 10 is connected to the air outlet of the hot end recovery unit. The pressure of the hot end outlet 18 changes dynamically with the hydrogenation process. Hydrogen enters the low-pressure compressor 10 from the hot end outlet 18. The low-pressure compressor 10 raises the hydrogen from the initial low-pressure state to a first preset pressure value and delivers it to the low-pressure gas storage tank. This step provides a stable initial pressure for subsequent medium-pressure and high-pressure compression. The air inlet of the medium-pressure compressor 11 is connected to the air outlet of the low-pressure gas storage tank 13 to receive the hydrogen after preliminary pressurization. The air outlet of the medium-pressure compressor 11 is connected to the air inlet of the medium-pressure gas storage tank 14. The medium-pressure compressor 11 further increases the pressure of the hydrogen to a second preset pressure value and stores it in the medium-pressure gas storage tank 14. This process lays the foundation for high-pressure compression. The air inlet of the high-pressure compressor 12 is connected to the air outlet of the medium-pressure gas storage tank 14 to receive the hydrogen stored in the medium-pressure gas storage tank. The air outlet of the high-pressure compressor 12 is connected to the air inlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank 15. The high-pressure compressor 12 further pressurizes the hydrogen to a high-pressure state of a third preset pressure value and delivers it to the high-pressure gas storage tank 15.

[0032] This multi-stage compression system uses a step-by-step pressurization method to gradually increase the pressure of hydrogen from low, medium, to high pressure, ensuring that the hydrogen reaches the required pressure level before entering the pre-cooling system. This step-by-step compression connection method not only improves the system's pressurization efficiency but also extends the service life of the compressor by properly distributing the compression load.

[0033] In the preferred implementation of the present application, in order to solve the problems of cooling efficiency and cold loss during the hydrogen filling process, the hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on the vortex tube also includes a hydrogen source 6 and a program control disk 9 to achieve efficient and automated hydrogen filling control and cooling management.

[0034] The hydrogen source 6 serves as the system's initial hydrogen supply, providing hydrogen to the multi-stage compressed gas storage system. The outlet of the hydrogen source 6 is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure compressor 10. The output pressure of the hydrogen source 6 is between 2 and 8 MPa and can be stably maintained within this pressure range to ensure that the hydrogen entering the low-pressure compressor 10 is in a suitable initial state.

[0035] The program control panel 9 is the core control and coordination device of the entire hydrogen filling and pre-cooling system. It is responsible for managing the automated operation of the hydrogen source 6, the multi-stage compression gas storage tank system, the first pre-cooling unit 4, the hydrogenator 3, the hydrogenation gun 2, the vortex tube 1 and the hot end recovery unit to ensure the efficiency and stability of the system.

[0036] The program control panel 9 monitors the output pressure of the hydrogen source 6 in real time through sensors and dynamically adjusts the output of the hydrogen source 6 based on refueling requirements. If the system detects that the hydrogen source pressure is low or out of range, the program control panel 9 adjusts the hydrogen source output or pauses the operation of the low-pressure compressor to ensure that the hydrogen pressure entering the low-pressure compressor 10 remains stable within the ideal range.

[0037] The program control panel 9 is respectively connected to the control end of the low-pressure compressor 10, the medium-pressure compressor 11 and the high-pressure compressor 12, and is used to control the start, stop and operating parameters of each compressor. By reading the pressure sensor data in the low-pressure gas tank, the medium-pressure gas tank and the high-pressure gas tank in real time, the program control panel can accurately judge the current hydrogen filling demand and dynamically adjust the operation of the compressors at each level. When the pressure of the hydrogen source 6 is between 2 and 8 MPa, the low-pressure compressor 10 is turned on to increase the hydrogen pressure to 20 MPa. If the current hydrogenation demand is 20 MPa or less, the pressurized hydrogen is stored in the low-pressure gas tank 13; if the hydrogenation demand is higher than 20 MPa, the hydrogen continues to enter the medium-pressure compressor 11 for secondary pressurization to increase the pressure to 45 MPa. When the hydrogenation demand is 45 MPa or below, the pressurized hydrogen is stored in the medium-pressure gas storage tank 14; if the hydrogenation demand is higher than 45 MPa, the hydrogen is finally pressurized by the high-pressure compressor 12 and stored in the high-pressure gas storage tank 15 to meet higher refueling needs.

[0038] The program control panel 9 monitors the data from the hydrogen temperature sensor in real time and automatically adjusts the operating parameters of the first pre-cooling unit 4 based on the current refueling demand and ambient temperature. If a temperature deviation or reduced cooling efficiency is detected, the program control panel 9 automatically adjusts the operating frequency or power of the first pre-cooling unit 4 to achieve the desired pre-cooling temperature. The program control panel 9 can set different pre-cooling temperatures based on refueling demand, ensuring that the temperature of the hydrogen entering the hydrogenator 3 meets the cooling requirements of the vortex tube 1.

[0039] The program control panel 9 adjusts the hydrogenation rate of the hydrogenator 3 based on the filling demand, current pressure and the inlet pressure of the vortex tube 1 to ensure that hydrogen can enter the vortex tube 1 at an appropriate pressure and flow rate, and adjusts the on and off time of hydrogen by controlling the switch of the hydrogenation gun 2.

[0040] To address cooling efficiency and cold capacity utilization during hydrogen refueling, temperature and pressure sensors are installed at both the cold-end outlet 17 and the hot-end outlet 18 of the vortex tube 1, enabling real-time monitoring and regulation of the gas separation process. The temperature and pressure sensors at the cold-end outlet 17 monitor the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen at the cold end in real time, ensuring that the cold gas temperature meets the preset low-temperature requirements and meets the needs of the hydrogen-using equipment. A similar temperature and pressure sensor is installed at the hot-end outlet 18 to monitor the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen at the hot end. Based on the dynamic changes in pressure and temperature during the hydrogenation process, the program control panel 9 adjusts the heat dissipation of the second pre-cooling unit 19 and the hydrogenation rate of the hydrogenator 3 to ensure that the required hydrogen pressure and temperature are met, ultimately delivering the hydrogen to the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank 13. The program control panel 9 is connected to the temperature and pressure sensors of the vortex tube 1 and is responsible for analyzing and regulating the entire cooling process. By analyzing the real-time data of the cold and hot-end temperatures, the program control panel 9 determines whether the inlet air temperature meets system requirements. If the inlet temperature is too high, the program control panel 9 increases the cooling power of the first pre-cooling unit 4, thereby controlling the temperature of the hydrogen before entering the vortex tube 1 within a reasonable range and reducing the cooling burden of the vortex tube. In addition, the program control panel 9 uses the temperature and pressure data fed back by various sensors to dynamically adjust the inlet flow rate of the vortex tube 1 and the flow rate at the cold end outlet to ensure that the cold air temperature and flow rate always meet the refueling requirements.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the hot end recovery unit includes a reflux control valve 7 and a second precooling unit 19. The second precooling unit 19 and the reflux control valve 7 are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipeline from the inlet end to the outlet end of the hot end recovery unit. The second precooling unit 19 is located upstream of the hot end recovery unit and is directly connected to the pipeline from the hot end outlet 18 of the vortex tube 1 to the reflux control valve 7. Its main function is to reduce the temperature of the high-temperature hydrogen to a range suitable for storage to avoid system load fluctuations when it directly enters the gas storage tank. The reflux control valve 7 is located downstream of the hot end recovery unit and is connected to the program control disk 9. It is used to dynamically adjust the opening of the reflux control valve according to the pressure and flow requirements of the system, control the flow of the reflux hydrogen, and ensure that the cooled hydrogen enters the gas storage tank of the corresponding pressure level according to the current pressure and flow.

[0042] It should be noted that the first pre-cooling unit 4 and the second pre-cooling unit 19 can use the same equipment, including a heat exchanger, a cooling medium circulation system and a temperature control system, with the heat exchanger as a core component for heat exchange between hydrogen and a cooling medium (such as liquid nitrogen or coolant). A multi-layer fin structure or a spiral structure is used inside the heat exchanger to increase the heat exchange area and improve the cooling efficiency. The cooling medium circulation system includes a cooling medium and a circulating pump, which is cooled by a cooling medium (such as a liquid coolant). The cooling medium flows through the heat exchanger under the drive of the circulating pump, and after heat exchange with hydrogen, it is refluxed to the cooling source through the cooling medium pipeline and recycled after cooling again. The system monitors the temperature of the hydrogen in real time through a temperature sensor, and automatically adjusts the flow or temperature of the cooling medium according to the set pre-cooling temperature. The temperature control system is connected to the program control panel, and the cooling intensity of the pre-cooling unit can be flexibly adjusted according to the filling demand to ensure that the hydrogen reaches a preset temperature before entering the subsequent hydrogenation machine and vortex tube.

[0043] The vortex tube-based hydrogen filling, pre-cooling, and hot-end recovery system also includes a pipeline valve 8. This valve is installed in the connecting pipeline between the three-stage compressed gas cylinder group 5 and the first pre-cooling unit 4. It is used to control the hydrogen flow rate and switch system operations to ensure the safety and stability of the filling process.

[0044] The present invention not only realizes the recovery of hot-end hydrogen, but also improves the cooling capacity utilization rate of the system. Specifically, before the hydrogen enters the vortex tube 1, the first pre-cooling unit 4 has pre-cooled the hydrogen to a suitable temperature range, reducing the cooling burden of the vortex tube 1 so that it only needs to be further cooled to the range required by the system. Through multi-stage cooling, each device operates within a suitable temperature range, avoiding a single device from taking on the entire cooling process, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of cooling capacity. In addition, the temperature of the hydrogen in the pipeline only needs to be maintained within the range required by the system, and there is no need to drop to an extremely low temperature, thereby reducing the energy consumption and load of the cooling equipment. This segmented cooling design realizes the rational distribution and effective utilization of cooling capacity, reduces cooling waste and optimizes the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0045] The working principle of the hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on vortex tube of this utility model is as follows:

[0046] First, the hydrogen source 6 enters the system and is pressurized in stages according to the current demand to ensure that the filling pressure meets the requirements of the hydrogen-using device. According to different application scenarios, the system can realize hydrogen storage at three different pressures: low, medium and high. If the filling demand is low, the hydrogen is compressed and pre-cooled at low pressure and then directly enters the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank 13 for storage, and the required low-pressure hydrogen is extracted from it; if the demand is medium pressure, the system will perform another medium-pressure pressurization on the basis of low-pressure pressurization and store it in the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank 14; for high-pressure demand, the hydrogen will be further pressurized to the target high pressure on the basis of medium pressure and stored in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 15. Regardless of the pressure of hydrogen used, it must be pre-cooled before actual filling. The system first introduces the hydrogen of the selected pressure level in the storage tank into the first pre-cooling unit 4 for preliminary cooling to reduce the temperature of the hydrogen and ensure that there will be no problem of overtemperature during the subsequent pressurization and vortex cooling process. The pre-cooled hydrogen enters the hydrogenator 3, which adjusts the pressure rise rate, and then the hydrogen is input into the vortex tube 1 through the hydrogenation gun 2. In the vortex tube 1, the hydrogen rotates at high speed through the tangential nozzle, generating a strong centrifugal force, which separates the hydrogen into low-temperature cold air and relatively high-temperature hot air. The cold air is discharged from the cold end outlet 17 of the vortex tube 1 and injected into a hydrogen device (such as a vehicle-mounted hydrogen bottle) through the hydrogenation interface to ensure that the hydrogen is at an extremely low temperature to reduce the loss of cold capacity. At the same time, the separated hot air is discharged from the hot end outlet 18 of the vortex tube 1, enters the hot end recovery unit, and is further cooled by the second pre-cooling unit 19 to reach a temperature suitable for reflux. The flow is then adjusted by the reflux control valve 7, and the hydrogen at the current pressure is refluxed to the hydrogen storage tank of the corresponding pressure level for the cooling needs of the next round of hydrogen filling. The entire process is monitored and coordinated by the programmable control panel 9. Based on varying refueling requirements, the operating parameters of the compression and cooling equipment at each level are dynamically adjusted to ensure flexible switching between low, medium, and high pressure hydrogen storage requirements. Through multi-stage pressurization, precise cooling, and flow control, the system achieves efficient, stable, and flexible hydrogen refueling, ensuring that hydrogen enters the hydrogen-using device in optimal condition under various refueling pressure requirements.

[0047] The above is only an embodiment of the present application, and common knowledge such as the specific structure and characteristics of the scheme are not described in detail here. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present application is not limited to the details of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, and the present application can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present application. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present application is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present application. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

Claims

1. A hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on a vortex tube, characterized in that: It comprises a vortex tube (1), a hydrogenation gun (2), a hydrogenation machine (3), a first pre-cooling unit (4), a multi-stage gas storage tank and a hot end recovery unit; The multi-stage gas storage tank is composed of a plurality of gas storage tanks connected in parallel, and the gas outlet of each gas storage tank is connected to the gas inlet of the first pre-cooling unit (4) through a pipeline, and the first pre-cooling unit is used to preliminarily cool the hydrogen from the multi-stage gas storage tank; the first pre-cooling unit (4) is sequentially connected to the gas inlet of the hydrogenator (3), the hydrogenation gun (2) and the vortex tube (1) through pipelines to transport the preliminarily cooled hydrogen to the vortex tube; The vortex tube is used to perform secondary cooling on the pre-cooled hydrogen, and separate the hydrogen into cold gas and hot gas through a rotary separation effect. The vortex tube (1) is provided with a cold end outlet (17) and a hot end outlet (18). The cold end outlet (17) is connected to a hydrogen-using device through a pipeline to provide low-temperature hydrogen; the hot end outlet (18) is connected to a hot end recovery unit, and the hot end recovery unit includes an inlet end and an outlet end, wherein the inlet end is used to receive the hot gas from the hot end outlet (18); the hot end recovery unit is used to cool the hot gas and return the cooled hot gas to the multi-stage gas storage tank through its outlet end to reduce the temperature of the hydrogen in the gas storage tank.

2. The hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on vortex tube according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hot end recovery unit comprises a second pre-cooling unit (19) and a reflux control valve (7), which are sequentially arranged on a connecting pipeline from an inlet end to an outlet end of the hot end recovery unit.

3. The hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on vortex tube according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-stage gas storage tank comprises at least a low-pressure gas storage tank (13), a medium-pressure gas storage tank (14) and a high-pressure gas storage tank (15), and the air inlet end of each compressed gas storage tank is connected to a compressor of a corresponding pressure level.

4. The hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on vortex tube according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Compressors of corresponding pressure levels include a low-pressure compressor (10), a medium-pressure compressor (11) and a high-pressure compressor (12); a low-pressure gas storage tank (13), a medium-pressure gas storage tank (14) and a high-pressure gas storage tank (15) are pressurized step by step by the low-pressure compressor (10), the medium-pressure compressor (11) and the high-pressure compressor (12) respectively.

5. The hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on vortex tube according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The air inlet end of the low-pressure compressor (10) is connected to the outlet end of the hot end recovery unit.

6. The hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on vortex tube according to claim 4 is characterized in that: It also includes a hydrogen source (6), the gas outlet of the hydrogen source (6) is connected to the gas inlet end of the low-pressure compressor (10).

7. The hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on vortex tube according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The invention also includes a program control panel (9), wherein the program control panel (9) is communicatively connected with the hydrogen source (6), the multi-stage compressed gas storage tank system, the first pre-cooling unit (4), the hydrogenator (3), the hydrogenation gun (2), the vortex tube (1) and the hot end recovery system.

8. The hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on vortex tube according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a pipeline valve component (8), which is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the multi-stage gas storage tank and the first pre-cooling unit (4) and is used to control the hydrogen flow and switch system operations.

9. The hydrogen filling pre-cooling and hot end recovery system based on vortex tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogenation gun (2) is arranged between the hydrogenation machine (3) and the vortex tube (1) and is used to control the on and off of hydrogen.

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