Water and soil loss monitoring system

Abstract

The utility model provides a water and soil loss monitoring system, which belongs to the technical field of water and soil conservation and comprises a runoff monitoring field, a runoff monitoring area, a runoff collecting tank and a runoff collecting pool. The runoff monitoring field is arranged in a target area to be monitored; the runoff monitoring area is arranged in the runoff monitoring field; the runoff monitoring community comprises a bottom plate and a fence, and the fence is annularly arranged on the bottom plate; the runoff collecting tank is arranged below a runoff collecting slope of the runoff monitoring plot, and the runoff collecting tank is provided with a first water outlet. The first water outlet is communicated with the runoff collecting tank; a triangular weir water outlet is formed in one side of the runoff collecting pool, and a water level gauge and a turbidity measuring module are further arranged in the runoff collecting pool; the water and soil loss monitoring system further comprises a control system, and the water level gauge and the turbidity measuring module are both electrically connected with the control system. The system can realize automatic detection of water and soil loss, and is convenient to use and wide in application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of soil and water conservation, in particular to a soil and water loss monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] Soil erosion refers to the process by which soil and parent material layers are eroded, transported, and deposited under the influence of both natural and human factors. The parent material in the purple soil region of Hongshaling is primarily composed of muddy and silty soft rock, which is less resistant to weathering and contains a high proportion of clay minerals and soluble salts. Furthermore, the region's monsoon climate, with heavy rainfall and high temperatures, exacerbates surface runoff, leading to more severe soil erosion and the consequent loss of large amounts of water, soil, and nutrients. Soil erosion not only severely impacts agricultural production and damages the ecological environment, but also significantly restricts the sustainable use of land in the region. Therefore, monitoring soil erosion is of great importance.

[0003] Prior art CN207380035U discloses a soil erosion monitoring device. The device includes: a runoff area and a water tank, the runoff area and the water tank are connected through a diversion trough; the runoff area includes a bottom plate and a stalk, the bottom plate and the stalk are fixedly connected in a detachable manner and can be changed in size to form a rectangular box without a lid; a plurality of small holes are provided on the bottom plate; a measuring rod with a scale is fixed in the small hole of the bottom plate with a nut; an overflow barrier is provided at the end of the runoff area near the diversion trough, and the overflow barrier is used to isolate the soil in the runoff area; a filtering structure is provided in the water tank; and a bracket with a retractable angle adjustment. The device is low-cost, easy to carry and transport, and easy to operate and use. However, the soil erosion monitoring process of the device still requires manual sampling and measurement, which is inefficient.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the soil and water loss monitoring device to overcome the defects of the prior art. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to overcome the problems existing in the related art, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a soil erosion monitoring system. This method creates a large number of tiny pores and grooves on the surface of the substrate by laser scanning the surface of the substrate. These structures can significantly enhance the bonding force between the conductive material and the substrate, reduce the risk of peeling and falling off of the conductive material, and improve the durability and reliability of the circuit board. Moreover, the structure obtained by laser scanning the surface of the substrate can disperse heat and relieve stress concentration, reduce the impact of heat accumulation on the performance of the circuit board, and improve the mechanical stability of the coating.

[0006] A soil and water loss monitoring system, comprising:

[0007] A runoff monitoring field, wherein the runoff monitoring field is set within a target area to be monitored;

[0008] A runoff monitoring cell, the runoff monitoring cell being arranged in the runoff monitoring field; the runoff monitoring cell comprising a base plate and a fence, the fence being arranged in an annular shape on the base plate;

[0009] A runoff collection trough and a runoff collection pool, wherein the runoff collection trough is arranged below the slope where the runoff of the runoff monitoring area is collected, and the runoff collection trough has a first water outlet; the first water outlet is connected to the runoff collection pool;

[0010] A triangular weir outlet is provided on one side of the runoff collection pool, and a water level meter and a turbidity measurement module are also provided in the runoff collection pool; the soil and water loss monitoring system also includes a control system, and the water level meter and the turbidity measurement module are both electrically connected to the control system.

[0011] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a sedimentation tank is provided on one side of the runoff collection tank, and the sedimentation tank is connected to the runoff collection tank through a sediment inlet pipe.

[0012] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a collection tank water inlet pipe is provided on the top of the sediment sedimentation tank, one end of the collection tank water inlet pipe is connected to the sediment sedimentation tank, and the other end is connected to the runoff collection tank.

[0013] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a partition is further provided in the runoff collection tank, and the partition is located upstream of the triangular weir outlet and downstream of the connection point between the collection tank water inlet pipe and the runoff collection tank.

[0014] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a fixed chamber is provided in the runoff collection pool, a clamping claw is provided at the bottom of the fixed chamber, the clamping claw is clamped to the bottom of the runoff collection pool, and the water level gauge is provided on the fixed chamber.

[0015] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a drain pipe is further provided at the bottom of the side wall of the runoff collection pool, and a valve is provided at the drain pipe.

[0016] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the distance between the top of the enclosure and the installation base surface of the runoff monitoring cell is greater than 20 cm.

[0017] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the control system includes a controller and a communication module. The turbidity measurement module, the water level meter and the communication module are all electrically connected to the controller, and the communication module is used to electrically connect to the cloud.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0019] The utility model provides a soil and water loss monitoring system, which includes a runoff monitoring field, a runoff monitoring area, a runoff collection trough and a runoff collection pool. The runoff monitoring field is set in the target area to be monitored; the runoff monitoring area is set in the runoff monitoring field; the runoff monitoring area includes a base plate and a fence, and the fence is set in a ring shape on the base plate; the runoff collection trough is set below the slope where the runoff from the runoff monitoring area is collected, and the runoff collection trough has a first water outlet. The first water outlet is connected to the runoff collection pool; a triangular weir outlet is set on one side of the runoff collection pool, and a water level meter and a turbidity measurement module are also set in the runoff collection pool; the soil and water loss monitoring system also includes a control system, and the water level meter and the turbidity measurement module are both electrically connected to the control system. The system integrates a water level meter and a turbidity measurement module, and during use, it can automatically measure and record the water level and turbidity data of the runoff, reducing the need for manual measurement and improving monitoring efficiency. By using automated measurement equipment such as water level meters and turbidity measurement modules, human errors can be reduced and the accuracy and reliability of data can be improved. Accurate monitoring data provides reliable data support for soil and water conservation research, helps improve research efficiency and quality, and can also provide a scientific basis for the formulation and implementation of soil and water conservation measures, supporting decision makers in formulating more effective management strategies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a soil and water loss monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a runoff collection pool provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 is a side view of a runoff collection tank provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a control system provided by an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0024] Reference numerals:

[0025] 1. Runoff monitoring area; 11. Fence; 12. Bottom plate; 2. Runoff collection trough; 21. First outlet; 3. Runoff collection tank; 31. Partition; 32. Water level gauge; 33. Turbidity measurement module; 34. Drain pipe; 35. Valve; 36. Triangular weir outlet; 4. Sediment sedimentation tank; 41. Collection tank inlet pipe; 42. Sediment inlet pipe; 5. Fixing chamber; 51. Clamping claw; 100. Controller; 110. Communication module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following describes preferred embodiments of the present invention in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0027] The prior art discloses a soil erosion monitoring device. The device comprises a runoff area and a water tank, the runoff area and the water tank being connected via a diversion trough. The runoff area comprises a base plate and a stalk, the base plate and the stalk being detachably connected and fixedly connected to form a rectangular, lidless box. The base plate is provided with a plurality of small holes. A graduated measuring rod is fixed to each of the base plate holes using a nut. An overflow barrier is provided at the end of the runoff area near the diversion trough, which is used to isolate the soil within the runoff area. The water tank is provided with a filtering structure and a bracket with a retractable angle adjustment. The device is low-cost, easy to carry and transport, and convenient to operate and use. However, the soil erosion monitoring process still requires manual sampling and measurement, which is inefficient.

[0028] Based on this, the present application provides a soil and water loss monitoring system.

[0029] like Figures 1-4 As shown, this embodiment provides a soil and water loss monitoring system, including:

[0030] A runoff monitoring field is located within the target area to be monitored. This field is typically located in an area with significant soil erosion, such as a typical plot of land in the purple soil region of Hongshaling. The field is 10 meters wide and 10 meters long and is enclosed by materials such as galvanized iron sheets or PVC panels.

[0031] A runoff monitoring cell 1 is provided within a runoff monitoring field; the runoff monitoring cell 1 comprises a base plate 12 and a barrier 11, the barrier 11 being disposed in an annular shape on the base plate 12; the runoff monitoring cell 1 is configured to collect surface runoff within a specific area. It should be noted that the base plate 12 of the runoff monitoring cell 1 of the present application may be the ground, with the barrier 11 forming the ground-enclosed runoff monitoring cell 1.

[0032] The runoff collection trough 2 and the runoff collection pool 3, the runoff collection trough 2 is arranged below the slope where the runoff of the runoff monitoring area 1 converges, and the runoff collection trough 2 has a first water outlet 21; the first water outlet 21 is connected to the runoff collection pool 3; the runoff collection trough 2 adopts a trapezoidal design, is arranged below the slope where the runoff converges, has a length of 5 meters, is made of bricks and cement, and the two ends of the collection groove are slightly higher than the groove point where the water flows out, the bottom of the groove is smoothed, and the water outflow point is connected to the runoff collection pool 3 to ensure smooth water flow.

[0033] A triangular weir outlet 36 is provided on one side of the runoff collection pool 3, and a water level meter 32 and a turbidity measurement module 33 are also provided in the runoff collection pool 3; the soil and water loss monitoring system also includes a control system, and the water level meter 32 and the turbidity measurement module 33 are both electrically connected to the control system.

[0034] The triangular weir is a pointed thin plate structure with a V-shaped notch. These plates are installed at the outlet of a channel, water tank or pool to measure and control water flow. The top of the triangular weir is a horizontal straight line and remains perpendicular to the central axis of the channel. Its upstream and downstream slopes are designed with a certain slope to optimize water flow characteristics and measurement accuracy. When the upstream water level rises to a certain level, the water will be discharged through the overflow port at the top of the triangular weir. By controlling the degree of opening of the gate, the water level and flood discharge can be effectively adjusted. The triangular weir has a large flow range and high measurement accuracy, and is suitable for flow measurement of a variety of liquid media. The working principle of the triangular weir is to use the triangular riverbed formed when the liquid passes through the weir top, and calculate the flow by measuring the distance between the tangent point below the riverbed and the tangent point above the riverbed.

[0035] In actual applications, when rainfall occurs, rainwater falls on the bottom plate 12 of the runoff monitoring area 1, and the water flow will converge and form surface runoff. The runoff carries sediment and possible nutrients, and is guided by the annular enclosure 11 of the runoff monitoring area 1 to the runoff collection trough 2 set below the slope. The runoff collection trough 2 is provided with a first outlet 21 to guide the collected runoff to the runoff collection pool 3. A sediment sedimentation area may be provided in the runoff collection pool 3 for preliminary separation of sediment and water to reduce the impact of sediment on the measuring equipment. The turbidity measurement module 33 integrated in the pool is used to measure the turbidity of the runoff, that is, the concentration of suspended particles in the water. A water level meter 32 is installed in the runoff collection pool 3 for real-time monitoring and recording of water level changes in the pool. Changes in water level reflect the magnitude of runoff and are an important parameter for assessing soil and water erosion. The water level meter 32 and turbidity measurement module 33 are both electrically connected to the control system, transmitting monitored data to the control system in real time. The control system then processes and analyzes the collected water level and turbidity data to assess the extent and characteristics of soil erosion. In actual applications, if the water level or turbidity measured by the control system exceeds a preset threshold, the control system can issue an alarm, prompting management personnel to take appropriate countermeasures.

[0036] The above-mentioned soil and water loss monitoring system includes a runoff monitoring field, a runoff monitoring cell 1, a runoff collection trough 2 and a runoff collection pool 3. The runoff monitoring field is set in the target area to be monitored; the runoff monitoring cell 1 is set in the runoff monitoring field; the runoff monitoring cell 1 includes a base plate 12 and a fence 11, and the fence 11 is set in a ring shape on the base plate 12; the runoff collection trough 2 is set below the slope where the runoff of the runoff monitoring cell 1 converges, and the runoff collection trough 2 has a first water outlet 21. The first water outlet 21 is connected to the runoff collection pool 3; a triangular weir outlet 36 is set on one side of the runoff collection pool 3, and a water level meter 32 and a turbidity measurement module 33 are also set in the runoff collection pool 3; the soil and water loss monitoring system also includes a control system, and the water level meter 32 and the turbidity measurement module 33 are both electrically connected to the control system. The system integrates the water level meter 32 and the turbidity measurement module 33, and during use, it can automatically measure and record the water level and turbidity data of the runoff, reducing the need for manual measurement and improving monitoring efficiency. Automated measurement equipment, such as water level meters 32 and turbidity measurement modules 33, can reduce human error and improve data accuracy and reliability. Accurate monitoring data provides reliable data support for soil and water conservation research, helping to improve research efficiency and quality. It also provides a scientific basis for the development and implementation of soil and water conservation measures, supporting decision makers in developing more effective management strategies.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, a sedimentation tank 4 is provided on one side of the runoff collection tank 3, and the sedimentation tank 4 is connected to the runoff collection tank 3 via a sediment inlet pipe 42. Furthermore, a collection tank inlet pipe 41 is provided on the top of the sedimentation tank 4, and one end of the collection tank inlet pipe 41 is connected to the sedimentation tank 4, and the other end is connected to the runoff collection tank 3. In this embodiment, by connecting the sedimentation tank 4 to the runoff collection tank 3, sediment can be collected and precipitated more effectively, reducing the impact of sediment on downstream water quality. The sedimentation tank 4 can reduce the amount of sediment entering the runoff collection tank 3, thereby reducing the error in turbidity measurement and improving the accuracy of turbidity data. The design of the sedimentation tank 4 also facilitates the regular collection of sediment samples, the analysis of sediment composition and loss, and the provision of data support for soil and water conservation research; it also reduces the maintenance requirements for the runoff collection tank 3 and the control system, thereby reducing maintenance costs.

[0038] In another embodiment, the water in the sedimentation tank 4 may also be collected for monitoring, such as monitoring the nutrients in the water.

[0039] Furthermore, a partition 31 is provided in the runoff collection pool 3, and the partition 31 is located upstream of the triangular weir outlet 36 and downstream of the connection between the collection pool inlet pipe 41 and the runoff collection pool 3. The runoff collection pool 3 of the present application is made of stainless steel, which has the characteristics of stable structure, corrosion resistance, and long service life.

[0040] Baffle 31 is used to filter dead branches, fallen leaves, and large pieces of sediment from runoff collection tank 3, reducing the amount of these substances that enter the clean water collection area and subsequent treatment systems, thereby improving the quality of the outflow water. By filtering out these large particles through baffle 31, these substances can prevent damage or clogging of precision measuring equipment such as the water level meter 32 and turbidity measurement module 33, extending the service life of these equipment and reducing the system's maintenance workload and costs.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, a fixed chamber 5 is provided in the runoff collection tank 3, a claw 51 is provided at the bottom of the fixed chamber 5, the claw 51 is clamped to the bottom of the runoff collection tank 3, and the water level gauge 32 is provided on the fixed chamber 5. By providing the claw 51 at the bottom of the fixed chamber 5 and clamping it to the bottom of the runoff collection tank 3, the stability of the fixed chamber 5 in the runoff collection tank 3 can be ensured, and the displacement of the fixed chamber 5 due to water flow impact or equipment vibration can be prevented. In addition, arranging the water level gauge 32 on the fixed chamber 5 can provide a protective space for the water level gauge 32, avoiding the water level gauge 32 from being directly exposed to high-speed water flow or mud and sand, and reducing the risk of damage. The design of the fixed chamber 5 helps to reduce the interference of water flow on the water level gauge 32, so that the water level gauge 32 can be measured in a relatively stable environment, thereby improving the accuracy of water level data.

[0042] It should be noted that the structural design of the fixed chamber cannot affect the normal measurement function of the water level gauge 32.

[0043] Furthermore, a drain pipe 34 is provided at the bottom of the sidewall of the runoff collection tank 3, and a valve 35 is installed at the drain pipe 34. The provision of the drain pipe 34 and valve 35 at the bottom of the sidewall facilitates the control of the drainage process of the runoff collection tank 3, allowing for rapid emptying of the water in the tank when needed. For example, to clean the runoff collection tank 3, the valve 35 can be opened to flush the interior of the runoff collection tank 3.

[0044] Furthermore, the distance between the top of the enclosure 11 and the installation base of the runoff monitoring cell 1 is greater than 20 cm. In actual applications, the area of ​​the runoff monitoring cell 1 is 20-100 square meters. A ridge 20 cm above the ground is set up around it to prevent external moisture from entering, which can effectively prevent the entry of external moisture and pollutants, ensuring the accuracy of the monitoring data. In rainy seasons or high water flow conditions, the higher enclosure 11 can prevent water overflow and cross-contamination in adjacent monitoring cells, maintaining the independence of each monitoring cell.

[0045] Furthermore, the control system includes a controller 100 and a communication module 110. The turbidity measurement module 33, the water level meter 32, and the communication module 110 are all electrically connected to the controller 100. The communication module 110 is configured to electrically connect to the cloud. In a more specific embodiment, the turbidity measurement module 33, the controller 100, and other components can be disposed in the fixed chamber 5.

[0046] During operation, the control system automatically measures the turbidity of water samples in the runoff collection tank 3 periodically or under specific conditions and transmits the measured data to the controller 100. The water level meter 32 monitors water level changes in the runoff collection tank 3 in real time and transmits the water level data to the controller 100 in real time. The controller 100 receives data from the turbidity measurement module 33 and the water level meter 32, processes and analyzes the data, and assesses soil and water erosion. The controller 100 stores the processed data in local memory for subsequent data analysis and historical data comparison. The communication module 110 establishes a connection with the cloud and uploads the monitored data to the cloud server as needed, enabling remote data storage and access. The communication module 110 can be a Wi-Fi module. Through the cloud server, authorized users can remotely access the monitored data, view soil and water erosion conditions in real time, and perform data analysis and decision support. In actual applications, if the monitored water level or turbidity exceeds a preset threshold, the controller 100 triggers an alarm and transmits the alarm information to the cloud via the communication module 110. The cloud server can then send the alarm notification to the relevant personnel's mobile phone or computer.

[0047] Specifically, the turbidity measurement module 33 of the present application may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is responsible for emitting a light beam of a certain wavelength, usually infrared light or laser, to facilitate the propagation of the light beam in the water. The receiver is used to receive the amount of light scattered or transmitted by the light beam after passing through the water sample. The receiver usually measures the intensity of the scattered light or transmitted light. It also includes a photodetector, a signal amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter. The photodetector converts the received light signal into an electrical signal. The signal amplifier is used to amplify the output signal of the photodetector for subsequent signal processing. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) converts the analog signal into a digital signal for processing by the microcontroller 100. The microcontroller 100 receives the digital signal converted by the ADC and calculates the turbidity value according to the built-in algorithm.

[0048] In a better embodiment, the control system of the present application can adopt a solar power supply system, which includes photovoltaic panels and energy storage power supplies. The photovoltaic panels charge the energy storage power supplies, and the energy storage power supplies power the controller 100, water level meter and other components.

[0049] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is susceptible to various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil and water loss monitoring system, characterized in that: include: A runoff monitoring field, wherein the runoff monitoring field is set within a target area to be monitored; A runoff monitoring cell (1), the runoff monitoring cell (1) being arranged in a runoff monitoring field; the runoff monitoring cell (1) comprising a base plate (12) and a fence (11), the fence (11) being arranged in an annular shape on the base plate (12); A runoff collection trough (2) and a runoff collection pool (3), wherein the runoff collection trough (2) is arranged below the slope where the runoff of the runoff monitoring area (1) is collected, and the runoff collection trough (2) has a first water outlet (21); the first water outlet (21) is in communication with the runoff collection pool (3); A triangular weir outlet (36) is provided on one side of the runoff collection pool (3), and a water level meter (32) and a turbidity measurement module (33) are also provided in the runoff collection pool (3); the soil and water loss monitoring system also includes a control system, and the water level meter (32) and the turbidity measurement module (33) are both electrically connected to the control system.

2. The soil and water loss monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sedimentation tank (4) is provided on one side of the runoff collection tank (3), and the sedimentation tank (4) is connected to the runoff collection tank (3) via a sediment inlet pipe (42).

3. The soil and water loss monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A collection tank water inlet pipe (41) is provided on the top of the sediment sedimentation tank (4), one end of the collection tank water inlet pipe (41) is connected to the sediment sedimentation tank (4), and the other end thereof is connected to the runoff collection tank (3).

4. The soil and water loss monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A partition (31) is also provided in the runoff collection pool (3), and the partition (31) is located upstream of the triangular weir outlet (36) and downstream of the connection point between the collection pool water inlet pipe (41) and the runoff collection pool (3).

5. The soil and water loss monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A fixed chamber (5) is provided in the runoff collection tank (3), a clamping claw (51) is provided at the bottom of the fixed chamber (5), the clamping claw (51) is clamped to the bottom of the runoff collection tank (3), and the water level gauge (32) is provided on the fixed chamber (5).

6. The soil and water loss monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A drainage pipe (34) is also provided at the bottom of the side wall of the runoff collection pool (3), and a valve (35) is provided at the drainage pipe (34).

7. The soil and water loss monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the top of the enclosure (11) and the installation base surface of the runoff monitoring cell (1) is greater than 20 cm.

8. The soil and water loss monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system comprises a controller (100) and a communication module (110); the turbidity measurement module (33), the water level meter (32) and the communication module (110) are all electrically connected to the controller (100); and the communication module (110) is used to be electrically connected to the cloud.

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