Brake pad of high-speed train

Abstract

The utility model provides a high-speed train brake pad which comprises two brake back plates (1) and (2) which are arranged in a bilateral symmetry mode, at least three rows of brake pads (I), (II) and (III) which are arranged in an arc shape are arranged on the surfaces of the brake back plates from inside to outside, and the friction areas of the at least three rows of brake pads are arranged according to the radius or the diameter of the area where the brake pads are located in an equal proportion. The utility model provides a high-speed train brake pad, and provides a novel rail train brake pad which adopts a radial equal-difference surface-diameter ratio design, solves the problem of radial eccentric wear of the brake pad, is uniform and consistent in wear, large in heat dissipation area, easy to adjust and small in temperature rise, and cannot rotate when the brake pad works. The brake efficiency is high, the brake is stable, and the service life of the brake pad is prolonged.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to a radial equal-abrasion-ratio spherical surface straight connection self-lubricating powder metallurgy brake shoe belongs to rail transit train brake shoe technical field. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, disc brake has been widely used in rail train, high-speed train and light and heavy car because of its compact structure, stable braking, large braking power, safety and reliability. But with the increasing speed of train, the requirement of brake shoe is also increasing, and the structure design of brake shoe of brake also shows some deficiencies, which needs to be constantly improved to meet the growing demand of train braking.

[0003] The main components of brake are brake disc and brake shoe. Under the action of brake force, brake shoe tightly adheres to brake disc to generate reverse friction force with brake disc, so as to stop the movement of brake disc. The brake friction surface of brake disc is a semicircular ring with a width of about 130mm. During train braking, because the inner and outer diameters are different, the linear velocity is also different, which leads to different friction distance, so the wear of brake shoe is also different. It is necessary to reasonably control the change of friction area of brake shoe along the radial direction, otherwise it will cause the eccentric wear of brake shoe, that is, the wear from inside to outside increases in turn, which causes the gradient wear of brake shoe and accelerates the wear, reducing the service life of brake shoe.

[0004] The traditional composition of brake shoe is composed of back plate, support bracket, special-shaped disc spring, brake block and fixed clamp spring. The more components, the larger the dimensional error, and the performance is also difficult to guarantee complete consistency. For example, the difference in elasticity of special-shaped disc spring and support seat causes different stress of each brake block, different friction force and different wear, which causes loss of braking efficiency, unstable braking, increases the wear of brake shoe and affects the service life of brake shoe. The contact between brake block and special-shaped disc spring or support seat in brake shoe is spherical contact, which is used to adjust the complete adhesion of brake block and brake disc. But brake shoe is in motion state during braking, the spherical contact between them will also cause wear, which affects the adhesion adjustment effect, and the friction heat between them also increases the wear of brake block.

[0005] Meanwhile, in order to improve the braking effect of the brake pad, the friction area is usually designed to be as large as possible. However, when the brake pad works with the brake disc, a large amount of friction heat is generated instantaneously, so that the temperature of the brake pad rises suddenly, and the highest temperature can reach more than 500 DEG C. This makes the physical properties of the brake pad decay rapidly, increases the wear, reduces the friction coefficient, and affects the braking effect. Therefore, the heat needs to be dissipated quickly to slow down the temperature rise of the brake pad. Therefore, the heat dissipation area and the air flow channel of the brake pad need to be increased as much as possible. The heat of the brake pad is taken away by the fast flowing air to ensure the stability of the physical properties of the brake pad.

[0006] In the brake pad, whether the brake block is connected with the special-shaped spring in a spherical surface or the brake block is connected with the support seat in a spherical surface, since the brake block is braked, the friction forces on the upper and lower edges of the brake block are different in size although the directions are the same, that is, the friction torque of the upper edge is greater than that of the lower edge. Therefore, each brake block is subjected to a torque in the opposite direction of the rotation of the brake disc. When the torque is greater than the reverse resistance torque of the brake block due to the fixation and friction, the brake block can rotate, which affects the stability of the train braking and increases the wear of the brake block. Meanwhile, since the brake block and the back plate are connected by a snap spring, the self-rotation of the brake block is prone to cause the snap spring to fall off and fail. The brake block and the back plate fall off, which can cause serious traffic safety accidents. Practical new type content

[0007] In view of the defects and deficiencies of the prior art, the embodiments of the present application provide a radial equal-abrasion-ratio spherical surface straight connection self-lubricating powder metallurgy brake pad with better braking effect. The technical scheme is as follows.

[0008] The utility model provides a kind of high-speed train brake pad, including two brake back plates 1,2 symmetrically arranged, at least three rows of brake blocks I,II,III are arranged in arc on the surface of brake back plate from inside to outside, and the friction area of at least three rows of brake blocks is arranged according to equal ratio of radius or diameter of its region.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical scheme, the brake back plate and the brake block are connected in a spherical surface.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical scheme, the brake back plate is provided with a concave spherical surface 5, the brake block has a convex spherical surface 7, a polygonal hole 6 is arranged in the concave spherical surface, a clip 10 is arranged at the bottom of the polygonal hole 6, a polygonal column 9 is arranged on the convex spherical surface, a clamping groove 11 is arranged at the lower part of the polygonal column 9, when the polygonal column is accommodated in the polygonal hole, the convex spherical surface 7 is in contact with the concave spherical surface 5, and the clamping groove 11 is clamped with the clip 10, so as to realize the assembly of the brake block and the brake back plate.

[0011] As the preferred technical solution of the above, the concave spherical surface 5 or convex spherical surface 7 is arranged with a lubricant groove 8, and the lubricating grease is filled in the lubricant groove 8 during assembly.

[0012] As the preferred technical solution of the above, the brake block on each brake back plate is composed of triangular brake blocks 4 and circular or quadrilateral to dodecagonal brake blocks 3, wherein the triangular brake blocks are arranged in the two side areas, and the circular or quadrilateral to dodecagonal brake blocks are arranged in the middle area.

[0013] The utility model discloses to solve the problem of the brake block with the radial eccentric wear, provide a kind of radial equidifference surface radial ratio design, each area friction area wear more consistent, will not appear gradient wear and eccentric wear phenomenon.Meanwhile, the utility model discloses that brake block and back plate directly spherical surface contact, make the same horizontal surface position of the same brake block on the same brake block maximum height wear deviation is 0.2mm.Brake block and back plate spherical surface contact except increase the lubricating grease groove, reduce the wear and temperature rise between two spherical surfaces, reduce the friction resistance of adjustment of both, improve the adjustment flexibility.Further guarantee that each brake brake block is the same brake work, greatly reduce eccentric wear phenomenon.Adopt the brake block combination of triangular and circular or quadrilateral to dodecagonal different cross-sectional shape, effectively increase the friction heat dissipation area when braking, improve brake efficiency, brake block and back plate connection adopt polygonal connecting column and polygonal hole, not only more effectively solve the self-rotation phenomenon that brake block can occur when working, avoid brake block self-rotation and cause fixed clasp loose and cause brake block to fall off phenomenon, thereby cause traffic accident danger, and guarantee the heat dissipation airflow channel between brake block is always unobstructed, improve the heat dissipation effect of airflow to brake block. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment description will be simply introduced below, and obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creating labor for ordinary skilled in the art.

[0015] Figure 1 It is the radial equidifference surface radial ratio spherical surface straight connection self-lubricating powder metallurgy high-speed train brake block structure schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 It is the back plate and brake block connection structure;

[0017] Figure 3 It is the back plate connection polygonal hole diagram;

[0018] Figure 4 It is the brake block external appearance diagram;

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the existing brake pad structure.

[0020] Figure 6 It is a comparison chart of test data of the existing brake pad and the brake pad provided in the embodiment of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] This utility model provides a radially constant wear ratio spherical direct-connected self-lubricating powder metallurgy brake pad and its manufacturing method. To address the problem of radially uneven wear of the brake pad, a radially constant surface ratio design is provided. The brake back plate surface is provided with at least three rows of arc-shaped brake pads (I, II, and III) from the inside out. The friction areas of these at least three rows of brake pads are arranged in equal proportion to the radius or diameter of the area in which they are located.

[0023] The specific solution is: Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the brake pad is divided into three friction zones, I, II, and III, from the inside out. The ratio of friction area to friction radius in each zone increases approximately asymptotically from the inside out: S1 = 7587 mm², R1 = 236 mm; S2 = 10350 mm², R2 = 280 mm; S3 = 13112 mm², R3 = 324 mm; and S1 / R1 = 32, S2 / R2 = 36, and S3 / R3 = 40. This ensures that wear in each zone is essentially uniform, resolving the issue of inconsistent wear between the inside and outside of the brake pad.

[0024] To address the problem of commonly used brake pads having many components and large errors, which easily lead to inconsistent wear of each friction brake pad, a method is provided to eliminate the support seat and special-shaped disc spring components, which have no practical effect on brake pad adjustment. Instead, the brake pad and back plate are in direct spherical contact. The brake back plate is provided with a concave spherical surface 5, the brake pad has a convex spherical surface 7, the concave spherical surface is provided with a polygonal hole 6, the bottom of the polygonal hole 6 is provided with a clip 10, the convex spherical surface is provided with a polygonal column 9, and the bottom of the polygonal column 9 is provided with a slot 11. When the polygonal column is accommodated in the polygonal hole, the convex spherical surface 7 contacts the concave spherical surface 5 and the slot 11 engages with the clip 10 to achieve assembly of the brake pad and the brake back plate. This avoids the inconsistent size and performance of the support seat and special-shaped disc spring, which causes the different heights of the brake pads, and makes the braking force applied to the brake disc by each brake pad more consistent.

[0025] In order to solve the problem that the brake block and the counterpart spherical surface contact work in the traditional design brake block is easy to produce wear, temperature rise and other problems, the utility model provides a kind of self-lubricating design, a annular oil groove is designed on the back plate or brake block spherical pit ball surface, fill in the grease in the oil groove when assembling, when working, these greases infiltrate into the spherical surface, make the friction resistance between spherical surface greatly reduce, facilitate the adjustment of the adhesion of brake block and brake disc, reduce the wear and heat generation between the two.

[0026] In order to improve the brake friction area as reasonably as possible, and increase the heat dissipation side surface area of each brake block as much as possible, the utility model provides a kind of brake block on brake block is designed by six triangular brake blocks 2 and six circular (or quadrilateral to dodecagon) brake blocks 3. 2 The side surface area is 45687mm 2 ; The ratio of side surface area to friction area is 1.52, that is, the side surface heat dissipation area is 1.5 times of the heat generation friction area. Increasing the heat dissipation area is more conducive to the dissipation of friction heat and reduces the temperature rise of the brake block caused by friction heat. Thus, the physical properties of the brake block are reduced. Therefore, in the case that a brake block is composed of two left-right symmetrical brake components, the brake blocks on each component are symmetrically distributed, and are respectively composed of six triangular brake blocks and six circular (or quadrilateral to dodecagon) brake blocks, as shown in Figure 3 , the triangular side surface area is the largest, and the heat dissipation area of the brake block is increased. The combination of two different shaped brake blocks forms the largest friction area under the condition of sufficient air and grinding material channel, and improves the braking effect.

[0027] The utility model provides a kind of novel solution to the problem that brake block may appear self-rotation when working, changes the round shaft round hole connection of brake block and back plate into polygonal connection, as shown in Figure 4 , 5 , that is, the connecting column of brake block is polygonal structure, and the hole of back plate is polygonal hole, which completely solves the problem of self-rotation of brake block when working. Without increasing the so-called self-stumbling or mutual stumbling structure, the structure is simple, the components are few, and it is reliable. At the same time, it also completely solves the risk of brake block and back plate falling off caused by brake brake block self-rotation, thereby eliminating the influence of safety traffic accidents.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:

[0029] 1. Existing brake pads such as Figure 5 As shown in the figure, due to the large difference in the ratio of friction area to friction radius of the outer friction zone, middle friction zone and inner friction zone, namely: S1 / R1 = 29 S2 / R2 = 39 S3 / R3 = 42, the surface diameter ratio of each friction zone varies greatly and changes irregularly, while the friction work of each zone increases at a certain ratio, which can easily cause inconsistent wear of each friction zone of the brake pad, resulting in gradient uneven wear, which accelerates the premature wear and failure of the brake pad. In the same brake pad, after the test experiment under the same conditions, as shown in the figure, Figure 6 After testing, the wear heights of the three brake pads were measured to be 12.39mm in the S1 region, 11.9mm in the S2 region, and 11.38mm in the S3 region, with a maximum error of 1.01mm in the average wear across the three regions. However, the friction areas of the three regions of the present invention increase in asymmetric increments with the friction radius of the three regions. In the same brake pad, after testing under the same conditions, the wear heights of the three regions were measured to be 14.63mm in the S1 region, 14.73mm in the S2 region, and 14.83mm in the S3 region, with a maximum error of 0.1mm in the average wear across the three regions. This results in more consistent wear across the friction areas of each region, eliminating gradient wear and uneven wear.

[0030] 2. The utility model has a simple structure and adopts direct spherical contact between the brake block and the back plate, eliminating intermediate components such as the support seat and special-shaped spring in the existing technical design. This reduces the error in the height direction caused by the size and performance differences of these components, making it easier for each brake block to apply braking force uniformly and effectively, reducing uneven wear and improving braking stability and efficiency. Figure 6 After that, the maximum height wear deviation between the brake pads at the same transverse position in the same brake pad of the existing brake pad is 1.0 mm. However, the maximum height wear deviation of the brake pads at the same transverse position on the same brake pad of the utility model is 0.2 mm.

[0031] 3. This utility model adopts the addition of a grease groove in the contact area between the brake block and the back plate spherical surface. When installing, a small amount of grease is added to reduce the wear and temperature rise between the two spherical surfaces, reduce the friction resistance of the adjustment between the two, and improve the adjustment flexibility. It further ensures that each brake block has the same braking effect, greatly reducing the phenomenon of uneven wear. Tested on the LINK3600 high-speed train 1:1 brake power test bench, Figure 6 After testing, the maximum eccentric wear of different positions of the same brake pad in the existing brake pad is 2.6 mm, while in the structure of the utility model, after testing under the same conditions, the maximum eccentric wear of different positions of the same brake pad is 1.2 mm.

[0032] 4. The utility model discloses a brake block combination of different cross section shapes of triangle and circle (or quadrilateral to dodecagon), effectively increase the friction heat dissipation area when braking, improve brake efficiency. After LINK3600 type high -speed train 1:1 brake power test platform experiment test like Figure 6 , the brake block of the existing brake block is at 380km / h speed, and the brake temperature reaches 616-718°C, the utility model discloses 12 pieces of triangular brake block and 12 pieces of circular (or quadrilateral to dodecagon) brake block, 24 pieces of combination, compared with the 12 pieces of bias hexagonal type and 6 pieces of regular hexagonal type, a total of 18 pieces of brake block combination in the prior art design, the volume of single piece is reduced, but the side surface area mainly playing the role of heat dissipation increases greatly. The side surface area of the brake block of the existing design is 39517mm 2 , the friction area is 31528mm 2 , and the ratio of the side surface area to the friction area is 1.25. On the 1:1 special high-speed train test bench, under the brake force 23KN, the vehicle speed 380KM / hr, the brake distance is 7913m, the brake time is 131s, and the temperature rise is: 718°C;And the ratio of the side surface area to the friction area in the design reaches 1.52, and the heat dissipation area increases by 21.6%, under the same brake condition, the brake braking distance is 6934m, the brake time is 124s, and the temperature rise is 566°C. Therefore, increasing the side surface area of the brake block is beneficial to improving the heat dissipation speed of the brake block, controlling and reducing the temperature rise of each brake block, and reducing the attenuation amplitude of the physical properties of the brake block due to high temperature. Ensure that the brake block works stably.

[0033] 6. The utility model discloses a brake block and back plate connection adopts polygonal connecting column and polygonal hole, not only more effectively solve the brake block work when possible self -rotation phenomenon, avoid the brake block self -rotation and cause fixed clasp loose and cause brake block to fall off phenomenon, thereby cause traffic accident danger, and guarantee the heat dissipation airflow channel of brake block all the time unobstructed, improve the heat dissipation effect of airflow to brake block, and the temperature of the original structure brake block reduces 152-250°C. The brake block shape of the prior art design is adopted mutual entanglement design, causes brake block self -rotation mutual entanglement, influences the unobstructed of airflow channel between brake block, thereby influences the heat dissipation effect of brake block, also has simple structure, does not change, more beautiful.

[0034] It should be finally pointed out that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the utility model, and not to limit them; although the utility model has been explained in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples, or make equivalent replacement to part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model.

Claims

1. A high-speed train brake pad, comprising two brake back plates (1) and (2) arranged symmetrically on both sides, characterized in that: The surface of the brake back plate is provided with at least three rows of arc-shaped brake blocks (I), (II), and (III) from the inside to the outside, and the friction areas of the at least three rows of brake blocks are arranged in equal proportion to the radius or diameter of the area in which they are located.

2. The high-speed train brake pad according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brake back plate and the brake block are connected by a spherical surface.

3. The high-speed train brake pad according to claim 2, characterized in that: The brake back plate is provided with a concave spherical surface (5), the brake block has a convex spherical surface (7), a polygonal hole (6) is provided in the concave spherical surface, a clip (10) is provided at the bottom of the polygonal hole (6), a polygonal column (9) is provided on the convex spherical surface, and a clamping groove (11) is provided at the bottom of the polygonal column (9). When the polygonal column is accommodated in the polygonal hole, the convex spherical surface (7) is in contact with the concave spherical surface (5) and the clamping groove (11) is clamped with the clip (10), so as to realize the assembly of the brake block and the brake back plate.

4. The high-speed train brake pad according to claim 3, characterized in that: A lubricant groove (8) is arranged on the concave spherical surface (5) or the convex spherical surface (7), and grease is filled into the lubricant groove (8) during assembly.

5. The high-speed train brake pad according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brake blocks on each brake back plate are composed of triangular brake blocks (4) and circular or quadrilateral to dodecagonal brake blocks (3), wherein the triangular brake blocks are arranged in the two side areas and the circular or quadrilateral to regular dodecagonal brake blocks are arranged in the middle area.

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