Ocean cross-domain multimode communication system based on adaptive switching

Abstract

The utility model discloses an ocean cross-domain multimode communication system based on adaptive switching. The system comprises an underwater sensor unit, a sea surface buoy communication unit, a communication satellite, a mobile communication base station, a cloud server, a land-based data collection unit and a mobile terminal device. The underwater sensor child nodes are connected with the sensor cluster nodes through submarine optical cables, and effective and efficient collection of underwater sensor networking data is realized through a CAN-to-optical fiber communication mode; the system collects ocean information data through underwater sensor nodes, the ocean information data are gathered at underwater sensor cluster nodes through submarine optical cables, and then the information data are transmitted to a land-based data collection unit and a cloud server in real time through a sea surface communication buoy. Each of the underwater sensor unit and the sea surface buoy communication unit comprises a plurality of communication modes and a self-adaptive communication mode switching module, and different communication modes can be automatically switched according to the current environment and requirements so as to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of ocean communication, especially a kind of ocean cross-domain multimode communication system based on adaptive switching. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing demand of ocean exploration and monitoring, the requirements for underwater and sea surface communication systems are also increasing. The existing underwater sensor communication mode is mainly acoustic communication technology. The traditional data collection method is to deploy a batch of underwater sensors to collect the required data. After a period of time, the sensors are manually recovered, and then the data collected by the sensors is read out for analysis, processing and utilization. The efficiency is very low, and it is not real-time, and the detection range is narrow, and it cannot obtain long-term and continuous observation. The communication between sensor and land monitoring center through submarine optical cable is only suitable for offshore sea area, and it is not convenient to lay in deep sea.

[0003] Above the water surface, the communication is mainly through the radio wave of buoy. The existing communication system is often limited by single communication mode, lacks adaptive ability, has limited signal coverage range, low transmission rate and other problems, and is difficult to meet the communication demand in complex and changeable marine environment, resulting in insufficient reliability and real-time of information transmission.

[0004] Patent CN221764476U discloses a kind of ocean profile observation system based on drift type temperature-depth chain, wherein, water surface buoy subsystem and underwater temperature-depth chain observation subsystem are communicated by single inductive coupling mode, lack intelligent adaptive ability, and it is difficult to meet the communication demand in complex and changeable marine environment.

[0005] Patent CN217932097U discloses a kind of multi-parameter ocean monitoring buoy, wherein, multimode communication unit includes 4G communication component, MESH communication component, Beidou short message communication component and LORA communication component. Although it integrates multiple communication modes, it increases energy consumption, and also lacks intelligent adaptive selection of communication mode ability, and it is difficult to meet the communication demand in complex and changeable marine environment.

[0006] Therefore, in order to meet the communication demand in different marine environments, it is of great significance to design a kind of ocean cross-domain multimode communication system based on adaptive switching. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0007] The utility model aims at providing a kind of ocean cross-domain multimode communication system based on adaptive switching, which can automatically select the optimal communication mode according to the actual situation of underwater and sea surface environment, realize the cross-domain, efficient and reliable transmission of information.

[0008] Technical solution: A kind of ocean cross-domain multi-mode communication system based on adaptive switching, including underwater sensor unit, sea surface buoy communication unit, communication satellite, mobile communication base station, cloud server, land-based data collection unit and mobile terminal equipment.

[0009] The underwater sensor unit includes a sensor cluster node and several sensor sub-nodes;The sensor sub-node is composed of power supply module, sensor module, A / D conversion module, first control processing module and CAN to optical fiber module.

[0010] Further, the sensor cluster node includes power supply module, sensor module, A / D conversion module, first control processing module and CAN to optical fiber module, and also includes first adaptive switching module and sea surface buoy communication module;The sensor module can include temperature sensor, liquid level pressure sensor and PH sensor etc.;

[0011] Further, the first adaptive switching module includes first monitoring submodule and first decision submodule;The sea surface buoy communication module includes acoustic communication transmitting assembly and light communication transmitting assembly, for communication between underwater sensor unit and sea surface buoy communication unit;The power supply module is provided with battery and voltage stabilizing controller inside, for providing stable power supply support for the whole underwater sensor node;

[0012] Further, the first control processing module is connected with sensor module through A / D conversion module, and analog signal is converted into digital signal by A / D conversion module, so as to receive ocean information data collected by sensor, while the collected data is pretreated, including filtering, compression and the like.

[0013] Further, the first monitoring submodule and the first decision submodule in the first adaptive switching module are connected, for monitoring underwater acoustic or light communication environment, and sending the monitored result to the first decision submodule;The first decision submodule is connected with the first control processing module, and optimal communication mode decision selection is made according to the underwater acoustic or light communication quality monitored by the first monitoring submodule, while the decision result is sent to the first control processing module, and the first control processing module is switched to the selected optimal communication mode, and after selection is completed, redundant communication module is closed, to save energy consumption, finally realizing data communication between the underwater sensor unit and the sea surface buoy communication unit;

[0014] Further, the first monitoring submodule, the first decision submodule and the first control processing module are connected in sequence, and the connection mode includes CAN connection, UART connection, IIC connection and USB connection.

[0015] The sea surface buoy communication module is connected with the first control processing module through a communication interface and sends sound or light signals containing marine information data to the sea surface buoy communication unit through sound or light channels after receiving the optimal communication mode sent by the first control processing module.

[0016] The CAN-to-fiber module is connected with the first control processing module to realize conversion between CAN bus signals and fiber signals, and the CAN-to-fiber modules in the sensor sub-nodes are connected with the CAN-to-fiber module in the sensor cluster node through a submarine optical cable to effectively and efficiently collect networking data of underwater sensors through an optical fiber communication mode.

[0017] Further, the CAN-to-fiber module is internally provided with a CAN controller, a CAN bus transceiver, a first optical transmitter, a first optical receiver, a second optical transmitter, and a second optical receiver.

[0018] The sea surface buoy communication unit includes a power module, a communication module with underwater sensors, a positioning module, a second control processing module, a storage module, a second adaptive switching module, an interface conversion module, and a land-based communication module.

[0019] Further, the power module is internally provided with a storage battery, a solar photovoltaic panel, and a photovoltaic controller; the communication module with underwater sensors includes a sound communication receiving assembly and a light communication receiving assembly; the second adaptive switching module includes a second monitoring submodule and a second decision submodule; and the land-based communication module includes a 5G NB-IoT assembly, a Beidou short message assembly, and a LoRa assembly.

[0020] The power module, the second adaptive switching module, the positioning module, the storage module, the communication module with underwater sensors, and the land-based communication module are all connected with the second control processing module; and the power module supplies power to the entire buoy communication unit through the photovoltaic controller.

[0021] Further, the positioning module can include BDS and GPS positioning for determining the geographic position of the buoy; the storage module is internally provided with a large-capacity SD card for storing important data information to prevent data loss; and the interface conversion module includes TTL-to-RS-232 and TTL-to-RS-485 circuits for realizing interconnection and intercommunication between different level standards.

[0022] Further, the second monitoring submodule and the second decision submodule in the second adaptive switching module are connected, for monitoring 5G NB-IoT communication signals, Beidou short message satellite signals and LoRa communication signals, and sending the monitored results to the second decision submodule; the second decision submodule and the second control processing module are connected, for making optimal communication mode decision selection according to the various communication quality of the sea surface monitored by the second monitoring submodule, simultaneously sending the decision result to the second control processing module, and switching to the selected optimal communication mode by the second control processing module, and closing the redundant communication module after the selection is completed, to save energy consumption, and finally realize data communication between the land-based data collection unit.

[0023] Further, the second monitoring submodule, the second decision submodule and the second control processing module are connected in turn, and the connection mode includes CAN connection, UART connection, IIC connection and USB connection.

[0024] Further, the 5G NB-IoT component and the Beidou short message component in the land-based communication module are connected with the control processing module through the TTL to RS-232 circuit in the interface conversion module, and the LoRa component is connected with the control processing module through the TTL to RS-485 circuit, for sending the marine information data collected by the underwater sensor to the land-based collection unit.

[0025] Further, the mobile communication base station or the communication satellite receives the signal containing marine information data sent by the sea surface buoy communication unit and uploads it to the cloud server for storage; the terminal equipment can download marine information data from the cloud server through the mobile network.

[0026] Further, the land-based data collection unit includes 5G NB-IoT, Beidou short message and LoRa communication mode, so as to receive the information data sent by the sea surface buoy communication unit, realize real-time monitoring and management of data.

[0027] Beneficial effects: 1. Efficient data transmission, based on submarine optical cable fiber communication and adaptive selection of wireless communication technology, to ensure high-speed and long-distance transmission of data; 2. Enhance communication reliability, this communication system supports multiple communication modes underwater and on the sea, through adaptive switching of communication mode, it can select the optimal communication mode in complex and changeable marine environment, improve the flexibility, stability and reliability of communication; 3. Multi-mode cross-domain communication, supports underwater acoustic signal and optical signal communication and various wireless communication modes on the sea, realizes reliable transmission of cross-domain communication; 4. Expand application scenarios, the underwater sensor nodes in this communication system are connected by submarine optical cable fiber communication to form an observation network, which provides a stable infrastructure for underwater data acquisition and transmission, and is suitable for various marine environment monitoring and resource development scenarios, and has wide application prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an underwater sensor cluster node in the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a first adaptive switching module in the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the interface design of a CAN-to-optical fiber module in the present application;

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of sea surface buoy communication in the present application;

[0033] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a second adaptive switching module in the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely intended to explain the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0035] As Figure 1 , a marine cross-domain multi-mode communication system based on adaptive switching includes an underwater sensor unit 1, a sea surface buoy communication unit 2, a communication satellite 3, a mobile communication base station 4, a cloud server 5, a land-based data collection unit 6, and a mobile terminal device 7.

[0036] The underwater sensor unit 1 includes a sensor cluster node and a plurality of sensor sub-nodes. The sensor nodes are used to collect marine environmental information data. The sensor cluster node is connected to the sensor sub-nodes through an undersea optical cable, and effectively and efficiently collects underwater sensor networking data through an optical fiber communication mode. The sensor cluster node transmits marine information data to the sea surface buoy communication unit 2 through acoustic or optical communication. The sea surface buoy communication unit 2 functions as a relay for marine information data, and mainly sends marine information data in the form of radio waves to the communication satellite 3 and the mobile communication base station 4. The land-based data collection unit 6 acquires marine information data collected by the underwater sensor unit 1 by receiving radio waves sent by the communication satellite 3 and the mobile communication base station 4, or through the cloud server 5, to realize real-time monitoring and management of data. The mobile terminal device 7 can acquire marine information data collected by the underwater sensor unit 1 through the cloud server 5.

[0037] The cloud server 5 may use Alibaba Cloud Server or other similar cloud servers;

[0038] The mobile terminal device 7 includes a mobile phone and a tablet computer, and other similar electronic devices may also be used.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the sensor cluster node is equipped with a power supply module 101, a sensor module 102, an A / D conversion module 103, a CAN-to-fiber module 104, a first control processing module 105, a first adaptive switching module 106, and a surface buoy communication module 107. The power supply module 101 is equipped with a large-capacity battery and a voltage regulator controller to provide stable power for the entire underwater sensor node. The sensor module 102 may include, but is not limited to, a temperature sensor, a liquid level pressure sensor, and a pH sensor. The surface buoy communication module 107 includes an acoustic communication transmitter component and an optical communication transmitter component, which are used to communicate between the underwater sensor unit 1 and the surface buoy communication unit 2.

[0040] Each module of the underwater sensor node is installed in a sealed device with good waterproof, corrosion-resistant and pressure-resistant properties, and is connected to the outside world through a communication module.

[0041] Preferably, in clear seawater, the transmission window is in the blue-green light band, and blue light has good transmission characteristics in seawater. Therefore, the light source of the optical communication transmitting component in the sea surface buoy communication module 107 adopts a blue light gallium nitride-based light emitting diode (GaN LED) with a central wavelength of 477nm and a spectral width of 25nm in the visible light part.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, the first adaptive switching module 106 includes a first monitoring submodule 1061 and a first decision submodule 1062; the first monitoring submodule 1061, the first decision submodule 1062 and the first control processing module 105 are connected in sequence, and the connection method can be selected from the UART communication protocol connection;

[0043] The first monitoring submodule 1061 is connected to the first decision submodule 1062 and is used to monitor the underwater acoustic or optical communication environment and send the monitoring results to the first decision submodule 1062;

[0044] The first decision sub-module 1062 and the first control processing module 105 are connected, and are used for making optimal communication mode decision selection according to the underwater sound or light communication quality monitored by the first monitoring sub-module 1061, sending the decision result to the first control processing module 105, switching to the selected optimal communication mode by the first control processing module 105, closing the redundant communication module after the selection is completed, saving energy consumption, and then transmitting corresponding signals to the sea surface buoy communication unit 2 by the sea surface buoy communication module 107, so as to realize data communication between the sea surface buoy communication unit 2.

[0045] Preferably, as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the CAN-to-optical fiber module 104 is internally provided with a CAN controller 1041, a first optical transmitter 1042, a first optical receiver 1043, a second optical transmitter 1044, a second optical receiver 1045, and a CAN bus transceiver 1046. The CAN controller 1041 adopts SJA1000, and the CAN bus transceiver 1046 adopts PCA82C250. The first optical transmitter 1042 and the second optical transmitter 1044 both adopt HFBR-1414TZ, and the first optical receiver 1043 and the second optical receiver 1045 both adopt HFBR-2412TZ. The interface type of the pair of transceiver devices is ST interface, and the detection sensitivity, transmission rate and transmission distance can meet the working requirements of the system, and the output of HFBR-2412TZ is TTL level, so the output end can be directly connected with the single-chip microcomputer without level conversion.

[0046] The input end of the first optical transmitter 1042 is connected with the output end TX of the CAN controller 1041, the output end thereof is connected with the input end of the first optical receiver 1043 through an optical fiber, the sending end TXD of the CAN bus transceiver 1046 is connected with the signal output end of the first optical receiver 1043, and finally, the CAN_H and CAN_L of the CAN bus transceiver 1046 are hung on the bus. The signal input end of the second optical transmitter 1044 is connected with the receiving end RXD of the CAN bus transceiver 1046, the output end thereof is connected with the input end of the second optical receiver 1045 through an optical fiber, and the receiving end RX0 of the CAN controller 1041 is connected with the signal output end of the optical receiver 1045, wherein the RX1 of the optical receiver 1045 is connected with the reference voltage 2.5V, so that the underwater sensor networking data is effectively and efficiently collected through the optical fiber communication mode.

[0047] As Figure 5As shown, the sea surface buoy communication unit 2 is provided with a power module 201, an underwater sensor communication module 202, a positioning module 203, a second control processing module 204, a storage module 205, a second adaptive switching module 206, an interface conversion module 207, and a land-based communication module 208. The power module 201 is internally provided with a storage battery, a solar photovoltaic panel, and a photovoltaic controller, for providing stable power support for the entire sea surface buoy communication unit 2; the underwater sensor communication module 202 includes an acoustic communication receiving assembly and an optical communication receiving assembly, for communication between the underwater sensor unit 1 and the sea surface buoy communication unit 2; the interface conversion module 207 includes a TTL to RS-232 circuit and a TTL to RS-485 circuit, for realizing interconnection and intercommunication between different level standards; the land-based communication module 208 includes a 5G NB-IoT assembly, a Beidou short message assembly, and a LoRa assembly.

[0048] The power module 201, the underwater sensor communication module 202, the positioning module 203, the storage module 205, the second adaptive switching module 206, and the land-based communication module 208 are connected with the second control processing module 204, wherein the 5G NB-IoT assembly and the Beidou short message assembly in the land-based communication module 208 are connected with the second control processing module 204 through the TTL to RS-232 circuit in the interface conversion module 207, and the LoRa assembly is connected with the second control processing module 204 through the TTL to RS-485 circuit.

[0049] Preferably, the photomultiplier tube (PMT) has the characteristics of large photosensitive area, high sensitivity, high gain, fast response, small size, and no influence of line radiation, which fully meets the conditions of underwater long-distance optical communication transmission, and the sensitivity can be adjusted according to the control of the applied voltage, therefore, the optical communication receiving assembly in the underwater sensor communication module 202 preferably adopts PMT cooperating with an optical filter as a light receiver.

[0050] Preferably, the positioning module 203 adopts BDS positioning to determine the geographic position of the buoy, and at the same time, increases data security. The Beidou satellite antenna adopts a multi-mode multi-frequency signal choke coil receiving antenna, which reduces satellite signal sea surface reflection interference, can accept Beidou system B1 (1575.420MHz), B2 (1207.140MHz), and B3 (1268.520MHz) frequency band positioning signals, and has the advantages of multiple frequency points and small interference.

[0051] Preferably, the storage module 205 adopts a large-capacity SD card to store important data information and prevent data loss.

[0052] Preferably, the choke coil antenna is used in the 5G NB-IoT component, the Beidou short message component and the LoRa component in the land-based communication module 208, which has the advantages of suppressing multipath effect, improving signal quality and enhancing radiation efficiency. Among them, the Beidou short message component communication adopts the third-generation Beidou communication technology, which has fast transmission rate, high reliability and wide coverage, and can quickly and accurately transmit marine information data to the land-based data collection unit 6. The antennas of each component are installed outside the buoy and are spaced apart at a certain distance to reduce mutual interference between the antennas.

[0053] As shown in Figure 6 The second adaptive switching module 206 includes a second monitoring submodule 2061 and a second decision submodule 2062; the second monitoring submodule 2061, the second decision submodule 2062 and the second control processing module 204 are connected in sequence, and the connection mode can be selected as UART communication protocol connection;

[0054] The second monitoring submodule 2061 and the second decision submodule 2062 are connected, used for monitoring 5G NB-IoT communication signals, Beidou short message satellite signals and LoRa communication signals, and sending the monitored results to the second decision submodule 2062;

[0055] The second decision submodule 2062 and the second control processing module 204 are connected, used for making optimal communication mode decision selection according to various communication quality of the sea surface monitored by the second monitoring submodule 2061, sending the decision result to the second control processing module 204, and switching to the selected optimal communication mode by the second control processing module 204, closing the redundant communication module after the selection is completed to save energy, and then transmitting corresponding signals by the land-based communication module 208, so as to realize data communication between the land-based data collection unit 6. Through this adaptive switching mechanism, the communication system can maintain stable and reliable communication in the variable marine environment.

Claims

1. An ocean cross-domain multi-mode communication system based on adaptive switching, characterized in that: It includes an underwater sensor unit (1), a sea surface buoy communication unit (2), a communication satellite (3), a mobile communication base station (4), a cloud server (5), a land-based data collection unit (6) and a mobile terminal device (7); The underwater sensor unit (1) is used to collect ocean information data, and includes a sensor cluster node and a plurality of sensor sub-nodes; the sensor cluster node and the sensor sub-nodes are connected via optical cables to perform optical fiber communication; the sensor cluster node transmits the ocean information data to the sea surface buoy communication unit (2) via acoustic or optical communication; the sea surface buoy communication unit (2) sends the ocean information data to the communication satellite (3) and the mobile communication base station (4) in the form of radio waves; the land-based data collection unit (6) obtains the ocean information data by receiving the radio waves sent by the communication satellite (3) and the mobile communication base station (4) or through the cloud server (5), thereby realizing real-time monitoring and management of the data; and the mobile terminal device (7) obtains the ocean information data via the cloud server (5).

2. The ocean cross-domain multi-mode communication system based on adaptive switching according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor cluster node is provided with a power supply module (101), a sensor module (102), an A / D conversion module (103), a CAN to optical fiber module (104), a first control processing module (105), a first adaptive switching module (106) and a sea surface buoy communication module (107); the power supply module (101) provides power support for the underwater sensor unit; the sensor module (102) includes a temperature sensor, a liquid level pressure sensor and a pH value sensor; the sea surface buoy communication module (107) includes an acoustic communication transmission component and an optical communication transmission component, which are used to transmit ocean information data from the underwater sensor unit (1) to the sea surface buoy communication unit (2).

3. The ocean cross-domain multi-mode communication system based on adaptive switching according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first adaptive switching module (106) includes a first monitoring submodule (1061) and a first decision submodule (1062); the first monitoring submodule (1061), the first decision submodule (1062) and the first control processing module (105) are connected in sequence; The first monitoring submodule (1061) is used to monitor the underwater acoustic or optical communication environment and send the monitored results to the first decision submodule (1062); the first decision submodule (1062) makes a decision on the optimal communication mode based on the underwater acoustic communication and optical communication with the best quality monitored by the first monitoring submodule (1061), and sends the decision result to the first control processing module (105), and the first control processing module (105) switches to the selected optimal communication mode. After the selection is completed, the unselected redundant communication modules are turned off, and then the corresponding signal is transmitted to the surface buoy communication unit (2) by the surface buoy communication module (107).

4. The ocean cross-domain multi-mode communication system based on adaptive switching according to claim 2, characterized in that: The CAN to fiber optic module (104) is internally provided with a CAN controller (1041), a first optical transmitter (1042), a first optical receiver (1043), a second optical transmitter (1044), a second optical receiver (1045) and a CAN bus transceiver (1046); the input end of the first optical transmitter (1042) is connected to the output end TX of the CAN controller (1041), the output end of the first optical transmitter (1042) is connected to the input end of the first optical receiver (1043) via an optical fiber, and the CAN bus transceiver (1046) is connected to the output end TX of the CAN controller (1041). The receiving end RXD of the CAN controller (1041) is connected to the signal output end of the first optical receiver (1043), and the CAN_H and CAN_L ports of the CAN bus transceiver 1046 are connected to the bus; the signal input end of the second optical transmitter (1044) is connected to the transmitting end TXD of the CAN bus transceiver (1046), the output end of the second optical transmitter (1044) is connected to the input end of the second optical receiver (1045) through an optical fiber, and the receiving end RX of the CAN controller (1041) is connected to the signal output end of the second optical receiver (1045).

5. The ocean cross-domain multi-mode communication system based on adaptive switching according to claim 4, characterized in that: The receiving terminal of the second optical receiver (1045) is connected to a reference voltage of 2.5V.

6. The ocean cross-domain multi-mode communication system based on adaptive switching according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sea surface buoy communication unit (2) is provided with a power supply module (201), a communication module with an underwater sensor (202), a positioning module (203), a second control processing module (204), a storage module (205), a second adaptive switching module (206), an interface conversion module (207), and a land-based communication module (208); the power supply module (201), the communication module with an underwater sensor (202), the positioning module (203), the storage module (205), the second adaptive switching module (206), and the land-based communication module (208) are all connected to the second control processing module (204); The power supply module (201) provides power support for the entire sea surface buoy communication unit (2); the underwater sensor communication module (202) includes an acoustic communication receiving component and an optical communication receiving component for receiving ocean information data sent by the underwater sensor unit (1); the interface conversion module (207) includes a TTL to RS-232 circuit and a TTL to RS-485 circuit for achieving interconnection between different level standards; the land-based communication module (208) includes a 5G NB-IoT component, a Beidou short message component and a LoRa component; the 5GNB-IoT component and the Beidou short message component in the land-based communication module (208) are connected to the second control processing module (204) via the TTL to RS-232 circuit in the interface conversion module (207), while the LoRa component is connected to the second control processing module (204) via the TTL to RS-485 circuit.

7. The ocean cross-domain multi-mode communication system based on adaptive switching according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second adaptive switching module (206) comprises a second monitoring submodule (2061) and a second decision submodule (2062); the second monitoring submodule (2061), the second decision submodule (2062) and the second control processing module (204) are connected in sequence; the second monitoring submodule (2061) is used to monitor 5G NB-IoT communication signals, Beidou short message satellite signals and LoRa communication signals, and send the monitored results to the second decision submodule (2062); The second decision submodule (2062) is used to make a decision on the optimal communication mode based on the communication qualities of the three communication signals monitored by the second monitoring submodule (2061), and send the decision result to the second control processing module (204). The second control processing module (204) switches to the selected optimal communication mode, closes the redundant communication module after the selection is completed, and then transmits a corresponding signal to the land-based communication module (208), thereby realizing data communication with the land-based data collection unit (6).

8. The ocean cross-domain multi-mode communication system based on adaptive switching according to claim 6, characterized in that: The optical communication receiving component in the underwater sensor communication module (202) uses a photomultiplier tube (PMT) in combination with an optical filter as a light receiver.

9. The ocean cross-domain multi-mode communication system based on adaptive switching according to claim 6, characterized in that: The positioning module (203) uses BDS positioning to determine the geographical location of the buoy.

10. The ocean cross-domain multi-mode communication system based on adaptive switching according to claim 6, characterized in that: The 5G NB-IoT component, Beidou short message component and LoRa component in the land-based communication module (208) all use choke antennas, and the antennas of each component are installed outside the buoy and are spaced a certain distance apart.

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