Railway vehicle acoustic acquisition device adapting to low-temperature environment
By setting a heating element around the microphone, the problem that the microphone cannot work normally in a low temperature environment is solved, and the clear collection of rail vehicle sound and the low temperature resistance of the device are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422471513.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-24
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-10-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing microphone devices cannot work properly in low temperature environments, especially in extremely cold regions such as the Northeast, resulting in inaccurate sound collection of rail vehicles and equipment damage.
An acoustic collection device including a microphone and a heating element is designed. By arranging multiple heating elements around the microphone, the microphone is heated in a low-temperature environment to ensure its normal operating temperature.
It effectively prevents microphone icing and internal damage, extends its service life, ensures clear and accurate sound collection, and reduces equipment damage and maintenance needs.
Smart Images
Figure CN223470813U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model belongs to rail transit vehicle detection equipment technical field, especially related to a rail vehicle acoustic collection device of adaptation low temperature environment. BACKGROUND
[0002] Bearing is the key part of rail vehicle running part, and bears the important role like joint to human body for normal running of rail vehicle. Since the running speed and frequency of rail vehicle are continuously improved, the bearings in vehicle motor, speed reducer, axle box and other components also bear more severe load. In continuous use, the bearing will usually appear damage such as wear, ablation and deformation, and may cause bearing to scatter when serious, leading to vehicle running failure and further causing safety accident.
[0003] During normal running of rail vehicle, the sound signal generated is relatively stable. When the bearing of a part fails, the vibration generated during running is first shown, the internal impact becomes larger, and abnormal noise gradually appears, and abnormal sound signal is transmitted. By collecting the sound generated during vehicle running and analyzing it, the abnormal failure of each part can be perceived, and targeted maintenance can be taken to ensure the safety of vehicle running.
[0004] At present, there are some devices for collecting sound signals of vehicle bottom, which usually directly arrange some microphone arrays around the track to collect the sound when the vehicle runs through, but since the working temperature of conventional microphone is about 0~40 DEG C, it cannot adapt to low temperature environment in winter, especially in severe cold regions such as northeast China, which greatly limits the application of corresponding detection equipment. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT
[0005] The utility model provides a rail vehicle acoustic collection device of adaptation low temperature environment for solving the technical problem of low temperature environment affecting the collection of sound of rail vehicle by microphone.
[0006] The utility model realizes the following technical scheme: a rail vehicle acoustic collection device of adaptation low temperature environment, comprising microphone and heating part, wherein the microphone is located at one side of any track to collect the sound when the rail vehicle runs, and the heating part is provided with a plurality of heating parts, and the plurality of heating parts are installed in the circumference of the microphone to heat the microphone.
[0007] Optionally, the microphone is provided with a plurality of microphones, the plurality of microphones are uniformly distributed along the first direction, the first direction is parallel to the extension direction of the track, and the heating part is arranged on the two sides of the microphone along the first direction.
[0008] Optionally, a fixing base is further included, wherein a plurality of mounting holes are provided on the fixing base, and the plurality of mounting holes are arranged along the first direction, and the mounting holes correspond one-to-one to the microphones, and one end of the microphone extends out of the mounting hole, and the inner wall of the mounting hole is provided with a mounting groove, and the heating element is installed in the mounting groove.
[0009] Optionally, a shell is further included, and the shell cover is arranged outside the fixing seat to protect the microphone.
[0010] Optionally, the shell is recessed inward to form a reflection cavity, and the microphone is installed in the reflection cavity.
[0011] Optionally, a fixing rod is further included, the fixing rod is installed in the reflection cavity, and the fixing seat is installed on the fixing rod.
[0012] Optionally, a temperature sensor is further included, which is installed at one end of the fixing base to detect the temperature of the environment in which the microphone is located.
[0013] Optionally, a protective net is further included, which is installed on the shell and located on the side of the shell where the reflective cavity is provided.
[0014] Optionally, a mounting bracket is further included, which is installed on the shell to fix the shell to the ground.
[0015] Optionally, the heating element is a heating film.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0017] The utility model provides a rail vehicle acoustic collection device that is adaptable to low-temperature environments, including a microphone and a heating element. The microphone is located on one side of any track to collect the sound of the rail vehicle when it is running. There are multiple heating elements, which are installed around the microphone to heat the microphone.
[0018] By the above structure, the rail vehicle acoustic acquisition device suitable for low temperature environment provided by the utility model in use, when the ambient temperature drops to the preset low temperature threshold, the heating piece starts, and the microphone around is uniformly heated, the microphone icing phenomenon caused by low temperature is effectively avoided, and meanwhile, the direct damage of low temperature to the internal elements of the microphone is reduced, thereby prolonging the service life of the microphone, the heating function ensures that the microphone can still maintain normal working temperature in the low temperature environment, reduces the problems such as sound distortion or acquisition sensitivity reduction caused by low temperature, makes the collected rail vehicle driving sound more clear and accurate, reduces the equipment damage and maintenance demand caused by low temperature, when the ambient temperature is higher than the preset temperature threshold, the heating piece stops working, and the rail vehicle driving sound is transmitted to the microphone, thereby realizing the acquisition of the microphone to the sound. Therefore, the rail vehicle acoustic acquisition device suitable for low temperature environment can raise the temperature around the microphone through the heating piece in the low temperature environment, and reduce the influence of the low temperature environment on the acquisition of the microphone to the rail vehicle sound. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below, and obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative labor for those skilled in the art.
[0020] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic view of the rail vehicle acoustic acquisition device suitable for low temperature environment provided by the utility model;
[0021] Figure 2 It is another structure schematic view of the rail vehicle acoustic acquisition device suitable for low temperature environment provided by the utility model;
[0022] Figures 3-4 It is the installation structure schematic view of the microphone in the embodiment of the utility model;
[0023] Figure 5 It is the installation structure schematic view of the fixed seat in the embodiment of the utility model;
[0024] Figure 6 It is the structure schematic view of the fixed seat in the embodiment of the utility model.
[0025] In the drawing:
[0026] 1-microphone; 2-heating piece; 3-fixed seat; 31-installation hole; 32-installation slot; 4-housing; 41-reflection cavity; 5-fixed rod; 6-temperature sensor; 7-protection net; 8-installation support. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] In the description of the present application, it needs to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.
[0028] The terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.
[0029] In the description of the present application, it needs to be explained that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be direct connection, or indirect connection through intermediate medium, or internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, the technical scheme of the present application will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of the present application.
[0031] Embodiment
[0032] The utility model provides a kind of acoustic acquisition device of rail vehicle adaptation low temperature environment, solve the technical problem of low temperature environment influence microphone to the collection of rail vehicle sound.The acoustic acquisition device of rail vehicle adaptation low temperature environment comprising microphone 1 and heating piece 2, wherein:
[0033] Microphone 1 is used to collect the sound when rail vehicle travels, and microphone 1 is located on one side of any track to clearly capture the sound generated when rail vehicle travels.
[0034] The plurality of heating elements 2 are evenly installed at the circumferential positions of the microphone 1, specifically, the heating elements 2 are located outside the microphone 1, the shell of the microphone 1 is made of insulating material, and the distance between the heating element 2 and the microphone 1 needs to ensure that the heating effect is neither too hot to damage the microphone 1 nor too weak to achieve the expected effect. In use, the heating element 2 can be determined whether to work by the ambient temperature, specifically, when the ambient temperature drops to a preset low temperature threshold, the heating element 2 is started to uniformly heat the surrounding of the microphone 1, which reduces the icing of the microphone 1 caused by low temperature or the direct damage to the internal elements of the microphone 1, thereby prolonging the service life of the microphone 1. The heating element 2 can be controlled by manual control or other control units such as PLC to start or stop the heating element 2. It is worth noting that when the temperature of the heating element 2 is too high or an abnormal situation occurs, the power supply will be immediately cut off to prevent equipment damage or safety accidents. Optionally, the heating element 2 can be a heating film, an electric heating wire or the like.
[0035] Through the above structure, the acoustic acquisition device for rail vehicles in low temperature environment provided by the utility model can uniformly heat the surrounding of the microphone 1 when the ambient temperature drops to a preset low temperature threshold, effectively avoid the icing of the microphone 1 caused by low temperature, reduce the direct damage of low temperature to the internal elements of the microphone 1, thereby prolong the service life of the microphone 1. The heating function ensures that the microphone 1 can maintain normal working temperature in low temperature environment, reduces the problems such as sound distortion or collection sensitivity decrease caused by low temperature, makes the collected rail vehicle driving sound clearer and more accurate, reduces the equipment damage and maintenance demand caused by low temperature, and the microphone 1 can collect sound when the heating element 2 stops working and the rail vehicle driving sound is transmitted to the microphone 1. Therefore, the acoustic acquisition device for rail vehicles in low temperature environment can raise the temperature around the microphone 1 through the heating element 2 in low temperature environment, and reduce the influence of low temperature environment on the collection of rail vehicle sound by the microphone 1.
[0036] An optional embodiment of the embodiment is as follows: the plurality of microphones 1 are evenly distributed along the first direction, which can better capture the sound generated when the rail vehicle drives, reduce the blind area, and improve the integrity and accuracy of the collected data. The heating element 2 is installed on both sides of the microphone 1, and the plurality of heating elements 2 are distributed along the same first direction as the microphone 1. The number of heating elements 2 corresponding to each microphone 1 is the same, so that each microphone 1 can be uniformly heated. The heating element 2 heats the microphone 1 and its surrounding environment by heat conduction or radiation. In the embodiment, the number of heating elements 2 corresponding to each microphone 1 is two, and the two heating elements 2 are located on any opposite sides of the microphone 1 to better heat and insulate the microphone 1.
[0037] An optional implementation of the embodiment is as follows: in order to facilitate the fixation of the microphone 1 and the heating element 2, the low-temperature environment adapted rail vehicle acoustic acquisition device further comprises a fixing seat 3 extending along the first direction, a plurality of mounting holes 31 are formed on the fixing seat 3, the plurality of mounting holes 31 are uniformly distributed along the first direction, the mounting holes 31 are one-to-one corresponding to the positions of the microphone 1, the size and shape of the mounting holes 31 are adapted to the microphone 1 to ensure that the microphone 1 can be closely embedded therein and kept stable, in order to further improve the sound acquisition effect, one end of the microphone 1 protrudes out of the fixing seat 3, so that it can more directly face the sound source, reducing the attenuation and interference in the sound propagation process, the inner wall of the mounting hole 31 is provided with a mounting groove 32, the heating element 2 is installed in the mounting groove 32, and the heating element 2 can be fixed by screws, buckles and the like, so as to avoid the direct contact with the microphone 1 causing the local overheating of the microphone 1 affecting the performance of the microphone 1, and the uniform heating of the heating element 2 to the surrounding environment of the microphone 1 is realized, at the same time, the mounting groove 32 is also convenient for the maintenance and replacement of the heating element 2; more preferably, the fixing seat 3 can be made of heat-conducting materials such as aluminum alloy, copper alloy, etc. to withstand the influence of the external environment and maintain the stability of the structure, the heat-conducting material can make the heat rapidly and uniformly distributed to the circumferential area of the mounting hole 31, the microphone 1 can not only directly obtain heat from the heating element 2, but also indirectly receive heat from the surrounding environment through the fixing seat 3 to supplement, thereby realizing more comprehensive and uniform heating effect, and further improving the sound acquisition effect of the microphone 1, which can more accurately capture and restore the sound signal.
[0038] An optional implementation of the embodiment is as follows: in order to better protect the microphone 1, the low-temperature environment adapted rail vehicle acoustic acquisition device further comprises a shell 4 covering the outside of the fixing seat 3, the shell 4 is made of metal, alloy and the like to ensure that it can resist the external environment, the shell 4 is connected with the fixing seat 3 by means of screws, buckles, fasteners and the like, the shell 4 effectively isolates the influence of dust, rain and the like in the external environment on the microphone 1, at the same time, the shell 4 can withstand a certain degree of impact and vibration to protect the microphone 1 from mechanical damage, in addition, the shell 4 has a certain heat insulation performance to reduce the rapid loss of heat generated by the heating element 2 to the external environment, the shell 4 improves the adaptability and reliability of the acoustic acquisition device in harsh environments and prolongs its service life.
[0039] An optional embodiment of the present embodiment is as follows: the shell 4 is inwardly recessed to form a reflection cavity 41 to form a focusing and reflecting effect on sound, ensuring that the microphone 1 can directly receive sound signals from the inside of the reflection cavity 41. At the same time, the side wall and top of the reflection cavity 41 are designed with smooth curved surfaces to reduce the attenuation and scattering of sound during transmission, so that the sound can be more concentratedly reflected to the microphone 1. The microphone 1 is carefully installed at the center position of the reflection cavity 41, so as to ensure that it can maximize the reception of sound signals from the inside of the reflection cavity 41. When the sound signal enters the shell 4, the sound is first reflected and focused on the microphone 1 by the inner wall of the reflection cavity 41. This focusing enhances the strength of the sound signal, so that the microphone 1 can more clearly capture the sound signal and reduce noise interference from other directions.
[0040] An optional embodiment of the present embodiment is as follows: in order to facilitate the installation of the fixing seat 3, the track vehicle acoustic acquisition device adapted to low temperature environment further comprises a fixing rod 5, which is installed on the shell 4 and located in the reflection cavity 41. The fixing rod 5 is installed in the shell 4 and located in the reflection cavity 41. The fixing rod 5 and the shell 4 are connected by screws, buckles or other means to prevent loosening or displacement during vehicle operation. Before installing the fixing seat 3, the fixing seat 3 can be finely adjusted in position along the fixing rod 5 to ensure that the microphone 1 is in the best receiving position, and then the fixing seat 3 is fixed on the fixing rod 5 by bolting or other means.
[0041] An optional embodiment of the present embodiment is as follows: in order to better monitor the ambient temperature of the microphone 1, the track vehicle acoustic acquisition device adapted to low temperature environment further comprises a temperature sensor 6, which is installed at one end of the fixing seat 3. The temperature sensor 6 is close to the installation area of the microphone 1 to ensure that the temperature sensor 6 can collect the actual temperature of the environment where the microphone 1 is located. The temperature sensor 6 can be installed on the fixing seat 3 by clamping, bolting or other means. The temperature sensor 6 collects temperature data in the working environment of the microphone 1 in real time. More preferably, a plc or other control unit can be connected with the temperature sensor 6 and the heating element 2. The temperature data collected by the temperature sensor 6 is transmitted to the plc or other control unit. The control unit starts or heats the heating element 2 according to the received temperature information to reduce the problems of sound distortion or decrease of collection sensitivity of the microphone 1 caused by low temperature.
[0042] An optional embodiment of the present embodiment is as follows: in order to better protect the microphone 1, the rail vehicle acoustic acquisition device further comprises a protective net 7, which is installed outside the shell 4 and located on the side of the shell 4 provided with the reflection cavity 41. The protective net 7 is provided with mesh holes to avoid affecting the normal propagation of sound due to shielding. The protective net 7 is firmly connected with the shell 4 by means of bolts, buckles or the like. The protective net 7 is used to block stones and other foreign matters from entering and impacting the reflection cavity 41 or the microphone 1, thereby affecting the reflection and acquisition of sound. At the same time, the smooth propagation of sound signals is ensured.
[0043] An optional embodiment of the present embodiment is as follows: in order to facilitate the installation of the shell 4, the rail vehicle acoustic acquisition device adapted to low-temperature environment further comprises a mounting bracket 8, which is installed on the shell to fix the shell to the ground. In the present embodiment, two mounting brackets 8 are provided, which are respectively located at the two ends of the shell 4, so that the shell is balanced and supported, and the inclination or deformation of the shell caused by uneven stress is reduced. The mounting bracket 8 is fixedly connected with the ground by means of bolts. Specifically, a prefabricated mounting hole 31 is provided at the bottom of the mounting bracket 8, which corresponds to a reserved hole on the ground. During installation, the mounting bracket 8 is first placed at the predetermined position, and then the bolts are used to fasten and connect the mounting hole 31 with the reserved hole on the ground.
[0044] An optional embodiment of the present embodiment is as follows: the heating element 2 is a heating film, which can rapidly and stably increase the temperature of the heated object. In the present device, the heating film is installed in the mounting groove 32 to realize the heating protection of the microphone 1 and its surrounding environment. The heating film is powered by an external power supply. When the environmental temperature is lower than the preset threshold value, the heating film is heated. When the heating film is working, uniform heat energy can effectively prevent the microphone 1 and internal elements from performance degradation or damage due to low temperature.
[0045] Through the above structure, the acoustic acquisition device for rail vehicle in low temperature environment provided by the utility model can effectively avoid the icing phenomenon of the microphone 1 caused by low temperature, reduce the direct damage of low temperature to the internal elements of the microphone 1, prolong the service life of the microphone 1, ensure that the microphone 1 can maintain normal working temperature in low temperature environment, reduce the problems of sound distortion or acquisition sensitivity reduction caused by low temperature, make the collected rail vehicle driving sound clearer and more accurate, reduce the equipment damage and maintenance demand caused by low temperature, the same number of heating elements 2 are distributed along the same first direction as the microphone 1, the number of the heating elements 2 corresponding to each microphone 1 is the same, so that each microphone 1 can be heated uniformly, the heating elements 2 are installed in the installation groove 32, so as not to cause the microphone 1 to be overheated locally and affect the performance of the microphone 1, the uniform heating of the heating elements 2 to the surrounding environment of the microphone 1 is realized, when the environmental temperature is higher than the preset temperature threshold, the heating elements 2 stop working, the sound of the rail vehicle driving is transmitted to the microphone 1, so that the microphone 1 can collect the sound, the reflection cavity 41 can make the sound be reflected to the microphone 1 more concentratedly. Therefore, the acoustic acquisition device for rail vehicle in low temperature environment can raise the temperature around the microphone 1 through the heating elements 2 when the rail vehicle is in low temperature environment, and reduce the influence of low temperature environment on the sound collection of the microphone 1 to the rail vehicle.
[0046] The above is only a specific implementation manner of the utility model, but the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to this, any skilled person in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range recorded in the utility model, which should be covered in the protection scope of the utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the utility model should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A rail vehicle acoustic acquisition device adapted to low temperature environments, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a sound collecting device for track vehicle, which comprises: a microphone arranged on one side of the track to collect sound when the track vehicle is running; a plurality of heating elements arranged around the microphone to heat the microphone.
2. The acoustic acquisition device for a rail vehicle adapted to low temperature environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microphone is provided in plurality, and the plurality of microphones are uniformly distributed along a first direction, which is parallel to the extension direction of the track.
3. The acoustic acquisition device for a rail vehicle adapted to low temperature environments according to claim 2, characterized in that, Further comprising: a fixing base, which is provided with a plurality of mounting holes arranged along the first direction, and the mounting holes correspond to the microphones one by one, one end of the microphone extends out of the mounting hole, and the inner wall of the mounting hole is provided with a mounting groove, and the heating element is installed in the mounting groove.
4. The acoustic acquisition device for a rail vehicle adapted to low temperature environments according to claim 3, characterized in that, Further comprising: a shell, which is arranged outside the fixing base to protect the microphone.
5. The acoustic acquisition device for a rail vehicle adapted to low temperature environments according to claim 4, characterized in that, The shell is concave inward to form a reflection cavity, and the microphone is installed in the reflection cavity.
6. The acoustic acquisition device for a rail vehicle adapted to low temperature environments according to claim 5, characterized in that, Further comprising: a fixing rod installed in the reflection cavity, and the fixing base is installed on the fixing rod.
7. The acoustic acquisition device for a rail vehicle adapted to low temperature environments according to claim 3, characterized in that, Further comprising: a temperature sensor installed at one end of the fixing base to detect the temperature of the environment where the microphone is located.
8. The acoustic acquisition device for a rail vehicle adapted to low temperature environments according to claim 5, characterized in that, Further comprising: a protective net installed on the shell and located on the side of the shell provided with the reflection cavity.
9. The acoustic acquisition device for a rail vehicle adapted to low temperature environments according to claim 4, characterized in that, Further comprising: a mounting bracket installed on the shell to fix the shell to the ground.
10. The acoustic acquisition device for a rail vehicle adapted to low temperature environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating element is a heating film.