Indoor test system for water resistance of fault zone

Abstract

The utility model provides a fault zone watertightness indoor test system. The fault zone watertightness indoor test system comprises a fault zone model, a data acquisition module, a water pressure control module and a computer module. A fault zone model is arranged to simulate a construction site fault zone, and a fault zone water resistance test is carried out indoors. The fault zone model comprises a model box, surrounding rock, a fault medium water-blocking section, a fault weak water-blocking section and a fault water-blocking key layer section are arranged in the model box, the fault medium water-blocking section, the fault weak water-blocking section and the fault water-blocking key layer section are arranged in a laminated mode, and the mutual positions of the three sections are adjusted in a test. Sensors are arranged in the surrounding rock, the fault medium water-blocking section, the fault weak water-blocking section and the fault water-blocking key layer section respectively and used for measuring pressure data. When the system is used for testing and analyzing, the fault to be exposed in the roadway can be judged, the fault can be processed, the mining progress is accelerated, and the production benefit is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of coal mine geological engineering, and in particular to an indoor testing system for water-blocking properties of fault zones. Background Technology

[0002] The geological conditions in coal mining areas are often very complex, especially the presence of fault zones. Fault zones are fractured rock structures in the Earth's crust where rocks have undergone significant fracturing and relative displacement along the fracture surfaces. Fault zones are often major channels for groundwater, and water hazards such as water inrush and gushing water are frequently related to the water-blocking properties of fault zones. In coal mining, research on the water-blocking properties of fault zones can provide a scientific basis and technical support for water hazard prevention and control, ensuring safe production in the mine, and is of great significance.

[0003] Currently, the research methods for the water-blocking properties of fault zones typically employ methods such as fault modeling theory analysis, field measurements, indoor simulation with similar materials, and numerical simulation to study the water conductivity, water content, and water-blocking properties of fault zones. In particular, in the indoor simulation experiments with similar materials of fault zones, different particle size ratios are generally used to simulate the entire fault zone. This usually considers the water-blocking properties of the entire fault zone without taking into account the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the fault zone itself. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides an indoor testing system for the water-blocking properties of fault zones. By studying the water-blocking properties of fault zones at different locations of the key water-blocking layers, it solves the problem of analyzing the water-blocking properties of fault zones when the fault zones themselves have heterogeneous and anisotropic characteristics.

[0005] This application provides an indoor testing system for the water resistance of fault zones, comprising:

[0006] A fault zone model, comprising a model box with a perforated filter screen at the bottom, and containing surrounding rock, a moderately water-blocking fault section, a weakly water-blocking fault section, and a critically water-blocking fault section. The moderately water-blocking fault section, the weakly water-blocking fault section, and the critically water-blocking fault section are stacked in layers. The surrounding rock is evenly distributed around the inner perimeter of the model box and surrounds the moderately water-blocking fault section, the weakly water-blocking fault section, and the critically water-blocking fault section. The water inlet of the model box is located on the bottom surface of the model box, and the water outlet is located on the top cover of the model box. The water inlet and outlet of the model box are located in the areas corresponding to the stacked moderately water-blocking fault section, the weakly water-blocking fault section, and the critically water-blocking fault section.

[0007] The data acquisition module includes multiple sensors, which are respectively installed inside the surrounding rock, the medium water-blocking section of the fault, the weak water-blocking section of the fault, and the key water-blocking section of the fault.

[0008] A water pressure control module, configured to control the water pressure injected into the fault zone model;

[0009] The computer module acquires information from the data acquisition module, performs data analysis, and displays water pressure change information in the medium water-blocking section, the weak water-blocking section, and the key water-blocking section of the fault. The data acquisition module and the water pressure control module are electrically connected to the computer module.

[0010] In one feasible implementation, a sample analysis module is also included, which is configured to analyze fault samples collected on-site, determine the composition of the fault samples, and identify the material composition of the surrounding rock, the moderately water-blocking section of the fault, the weakly water-blocking section of the fault, and the key water-blocking section of the fault.

[0011] In one feasible implementation, the surrounding rock, the moderately water-blocking section of the fault, the weakly water-blocking section of the fault, and the key water-blocking section of the fault are respectively composed of small stones, river sand, and bentonite mixed in different proportions.

[0012] In one feasible implementation, the water pressure control module includes a water inlet pipe, one end of which is connected to the water inlet of the model box. A first valve, a first pressure gauge, and a volume pressure controller are sequentially installed on the water inlet pipe away from the water inlet of the model box. The volume pressure controller is electrically connected to the computer module.

[0013] In one feasible implementation, a water outlet pipe is also included, which is connected to the water outlet of the model box. A second pressure gauge and a second valve are sequentially installed on the water outlet pipe in the direction away from the water outlet of the model box.

[0014] In one feasible implementation, the model box is a cylinder, and the water inlet and outlet of the model box are respectively located at the center of the bottom and top surfaces of the cylinder; the medium water-blocking section of the fault, the weak water-blocking section of the fault, and the key water-blocking section of the fault are stacked as a rectangular column, and the centroid of the rectangular column coincides with the centroid of the cylinder.

[0015] In one feasible implementation, the aspect ratio of the rectangular column cross-section is 2:1.

[0016] In one feasible implementation, the thickness ratio of the moderately water-blocking section of the fault, the weakly water-blocking section of the fault, and the critical water-blocking section of the fault is 7:4:7.

[0017] In one feasible implementation, the range of the first pressure gauge is at least 2 MPa.

[0018] This application provides an indoor testing system for the water-blocking properties of fault zones, comprising a fault zone model, a data acquisition module, a water pressure control module, and a computer module. This system simulates a fault zone at a construction site using a fault zone model and conducts water-blocking tests indoors. The fault zone model includes a model box containing surrounding rock, a moderately water-blocking fault section, a weakly water-blocking fault section, and a critical water-blocking fault section. These three sections are stacked, and their positions can be adjusted during the test. Sensors are installed inside each of the surrounding rock, the moderately water-blocking fault section, the weakly water-blocking fault section, and the critical water-blocking fault section to measure pressure data. During the test, the critical water-blocking fault section can be placed at the top, middle, or bottom layer of the stacked layers, and tests can be conducted separately to study the water-blocking performance of the entire fault at different locations within the critical water-blocking fault section, providing important reference data for fault water hazard prevention. By quantifying water pressure data at parallel locations in the surrounding rock and faults using sensors, the crucial role of key water-blocking layers in faults can be compared. Experimental analysis using this system can identify faults about to be exposed in the tunnel, significantly aiding in fault management, accelerating mining progress, and improving production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the indoor test system for water resistance of fault zones provided in this application;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a transverse projection view of the key water-blocking layer of the fault.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the indoor test system for fault water resistance.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0024] 1-Surrounding rock; 2-Medium water-blocking section of fault; 3-Key water-blocking section of fault; 4-Weak water-blocking section of fault; 5-Model box; 51-Filter screen; 511-Inlet; 52-Top cover; 521-Outlet; 6-Sensor; 7-Inlet pipe; 71-First valve; 72-First pressure gauge; 8-Outlet pipe; 81-Second pressure gauge; 82-Second valve; 9-Volume pressure controller; 10-Computer module. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] Faults, as important channels for water inrush from the roof and floor of underground coal mines, have long been studied and focused on by scholars both domestically and internationally. Through theoretical analysis of fault zone modeling, field measurements, indoor similar material simulations, and numerical simulations, the water-conducting and water-blocking properties of faults have been investigated. In particular, the indoor similar material simulation experiments of fault zones primarily employ proportions of different particle sizes, generally considering the water-blocking properties of the entire fault zone, but rarely taking into account the heterogeneous and anisotropic characteristics of the fault zone itself.

[0027] Based on the heterogeneous and anisotropic characteristics of fault zones, this application studies the water-blocking properties of the entire fault zone at different locations by arranging key water-blocking layers in the designed and fabricated fault zone seepage barrier model channel. This can effectively help in how to handle faults during mining, thereby accelerating the mining progress and improving production efficiency.

[0028] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates the specific structure of the indoor test system for water resistance in fault zones provided in this application.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, this application provides an indoor testing system for the water resistance of fault zones, comprising:

[0030] The fault zone model includes a model box 5 with a perforated filter screen 51 on the bottom surface. The model box 5 contains surrounding rock 1, a moderately water-blocking fault section 2, a weakly water-blocking fault section 4, and a key water-blocking fault section 3. The moderately water-blocking fault section 2, the weakly water-blocking fault section 4, and the key water-blocking fault section 3 are stacked. The surrounding rock 1 is evenly distributed on the inner periphery of the model box 5 and surrounds the moderately water-blocking fault section 2, the weakly water-blocking fault section 4, and the key water-blocking fault section 3. The water inlet 511 of the model box 5 is located on the bottom surface of the model box 5, and the water outlet 521 of the model box 5 is located on the top cover 52 of the model box 5. The water inlet 511 and the water outlet 521 of the model box 5 are located in the areas corresponding to the stacked moderately water-blocking fault section 2, the weakly water-blocking fault section 4, and the key water-blocking fault section 3.

[0031] The fault zone model provided in this application constructs a hierarchical structure with different water-blocking capacities within the fault zone through stacked fault water-blocking segments 2, 4, and 3, closely resembling the real geological environment and providing a more accurate model for studying the water-temperature characteristics of fault zones. Specifically, regarding the structure of the fault zone model, the stacking of the fault water-blocking segments 2, 4, and 3 includes the following six forms. For ease of description, these segments are arranged sequentially from top to bottom:

[0032] 1. Moderately water-blocking section of the fault; 2. Key water-blocking section of the fault; 3. Weakly water-blocking section of the fault; 4.

[0033] 2. Moderately water-blocking section of the fault; 2. Weakly water-blocking section of the fault; 4. Key water-blocking section of the fault; 3.

[0034] 3. Key water-blocking sections of faults; 2. Moderately water-blocking sections of faults; 4. Weakly water-blocking sections of faults.

[0035] 4. Key water-blocking section of the fault; 3. Weakly water-blocking section of the fault; 4. Moderately water-blocking section of the fault; 2.

[0036] 5. Weakly water-blocking section of the fault; 4. Moderately water-blocking section of the fault; 2. Key water-blocking section of the fault; 3.

[0037] 6. Weakly water-blocking fault section 4. Key water-blocking fault section 3. Moderately water-blocking fault section 2.

[0038] As can be seen from the above combination, the key water-blocking section 3 of the fault can be set in the top, middle and lower layers respectively. During the test, the water pressure in the surrounding rock 1, the medium water-blocking section 2 of the fault, the weak water-blocking section 4 of the fault and the key water-blocking section 3 of the fault are tested respectively. Based on the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the fault zone itself, the water-blocking performance of the fault is comprehensively analyzed, providing a reference for the prevention and control of fault water hazards.

[0039] To facilitate data collection from each layer, the system provided in this application includes a data acquisition module. This module comprises multiple sensors 6, which are respectively installed within the surrounding rock 1, the moderately water-blocking section 2 of the fault, the weakly water-blocking section 4 of the fault, and the critical water-blocking section 3 of the fault. Specifically, at least one sensor 6 is installed in the moderately water-blocking section 2, the weakly water-blocking section 4, and the critical water-blocking section 3 of the fault, and at least three sensors 6 are installed within the surrounding rock 1. (Referring to...) Figure 1 As shown, the sensors 6 in the surrounding rock 1 are arranged vertically in three layers. Each layer of sensors 6 is positioned on the same horizontal line as the sensors 6 located in the moderately water-blocking section 2, the weakly water-blocking section 4, or the critical water-blocking section 3 of the fault. Through multiple sensors 6 in the data acquisition module, the system can collect real-time, automatic information on water pressure changes in different sections. This information is then transmitted to the computer module 10 for processing and analysis, improving experimental efficiency.

[0040] This system also includes a water pressure control module and a computer module 10. The water pressure control module controls the water pressure injected into the fault zone model, while the computer module 10 acquires information from the data acquisition module, performs data analysis, and displays water pressure changes in the moderately water-blocking section 2, the weakly water-blocking section 4, and the critical water-blocking section 3 of the fault. The water pressure control module can precisely control the water pressure injected into the fault zone model, thereby simulating the fault zone's response under different water pressure conditions. The computer module 10 not only performs data analysis but also visualizes the water pressure changes in the moderately water-blocking section 2, the weakly water-blocking section 4, and the critical water-blocking section 3. This allows researchers to intuitively understand the water pressure distribution and dynamic changes in different sections within the fault zone, contributing to a deeper understanding of the fault zone's hydrological characteristics. The computer module 10 allows for real-time monitoring of the entire experimental process, including water pressure changes and flow dynamics. This helps in the timely detection of anomalies during the experiment and the implementation of corresponding measures, ensuring the smooth progress of the experiment. The computer module 10 performs real-time analysis, processing, and display of the collected data, enabling automated and intelligent data management and analysis, and improving experimental efficiency.

[0041] In some embodiments, a sample analysis module is also included, which is configured to analyze fault samples collected on-site, determine the composition of the fault samples, and identify the material composition of the surrounding rock 1, the moderately water-blocking section 2 of the fault, the weakly water-blocking section 4 of the fault, and the key water-blocking section 3 of the fault.

[0042] By analyzing the fault samples collected on-site using the sample analysis module, the composition of the fault samples can be accurately determined, thereby identifying the material composition of the surrounding rock 1, the moderately water-blocking fault section 2, the weakly water-blocking fault section 4, and the critical water-blocking fault section 3 in the simulation system. This simulation setting based on actual geological conditions can greatly improve the accuracy of the simulation experiment, making the test results closer to the real situation.

[0043] For example, in this embodiment, based on on-site sampling and microscopic test analysis of the fault zone, it can be determined that the rock mass of the fault fracture zone is mainly composed of a rock mass skeleton and fine-grained clay filling material.

[0044] In some embodiments, the surrounding rock 1, the moderately water-blocking section 2, the weakly water-blocking section 4, and the critical water-blocking section 3 of the fault are each composed of gravel, river sand, and bentonite mixed in different proportions. By adjusting the proportions of gravel, river sand, and bentonite, the physical properties of different regions, such as permeability, porosity, and strength, can be simulated. This design allows the simulation system to more accurately reflect the geological structure and hydrological characteristics of the actual fault zone.

[0045] In some embodiments, the water pressure control module includes a water inlet pipe 7, one end of which is connected to the water inlet 511 of the model box 5. A first valve 71, a first pressure gauge 72, and a volumetric pressure controller 9 are sequentially installed on the water inlet pipe 7 away from the water inlet 511 of the model box 5. The volumetric pressure controller 9 is electrically connected to the computer module 10. The configuration of the first valve 71, the first pressure gauge 72, and the volumetric pressure controller 9 on the water inlet pipe 7 allows for precise control of the water flow into the model box 5. The first valve 71 controls the opening and closing of the water flow, the first pressure gauge 72 displays the inlet water pressure in real time, and the volumetric pressure controller 9 achieves precise adjustment of the water pressure under the control of the computer module 10. This design ensures the stability and repeatability of the water pressure during the experiment.

[0046] In some embodiments, a water outlet pipe 8 is also included, which is connected to the water outlet 521 of the model tank 5. A second pressure gauge 81 and a second valve are sequentially installed on the water outlet pipe 8 away from the water outlet 521 of the model tank 5. The second pressure gauge 81 and the second valve on the water outlet pipe 8 allow for monitoring and regulation of the water flow within the model tank 5. The second pressure gauge 81 provides water pressure information at the water outlet 521, while the second valve controls the water flow rate, thereby maintaining stable water level and pressure within the model tank 5. This design enhances the flexibility and safety of the experiment.

[0047] In some embodiments, the model box 5 is a cylinder, with the inlet 511 and outlet 521 located at the center of the bottom and top surfaces of the cylinder, respectively. The fault's moderately water-blocking section 2, weakly water-blocking section 4, and critically water-blocking section 3 are stacked as rectangular cylinders, with the centroid of the rectangular cylinder coinciding with the centroid of the cylinder. The cylindrical model box 5 provides a uniform stress distribution and a stable structure, making the test results more reliable. The inlet 511 and outlet 521, located at the center of the bottom and top surfaces of the cylinder, ensure uniform water flow distribution within the model box 5.

[0048] In some embodiments, the aspect ratio of the rectangular column cross-section is 2:1. The thickness ratio of the moderately water-blocking section 2, the weakly water-blocking section 4, and the critical water-blocking section 3 of the fault is 7:4:7. The specific structure of the fault zone model can be set based on the morphology and stress characteristics of the actual fault zone to make the simulation closer to the real situation; this is only an example.

[0049] In some embodiments, the range of the first pressure gauge 72 is at least 2 MPa. The fact that the first pressure gauge 72 has a range of at least 2 MPa ensures that the system can cope with higher water pressure conditions, improving the system's applicability and reliability.

[0050] As described above, the fault zone water-blocking indoor test system provided in this application can more accurately simulate the hydrological characteristics of fault zones in real geological environments, providing a reference for the prevention and control of fault water hazards, and also providing strong technical support for geological research and engineering practice.

[0051] The following description of the testing process of this application is intended to enhance understanding of the indoor testing system for fault zone water resistance provided in this application. (Refer to...) Figure 3 As shown, the analysis of the water-blocking properties of fault zones using the testing system provided in this application includes the following steps:

[0052] S100: Fault sample analysis. Based on on-site sampling and microscopic test analysis of the fault zone, it was determined that the rock mass of the fault fracture zone is mainly composed of a rock mass skeleton and fine-grained clay filling material.

[0053] S200: Fault zone model construction. Based on similarity theory, the simulated surrounding rock uses small stones as the skeleton and fine river sand and bentonite as filling materials. The surrounding rock, medium water-blocking section of the fault, weak water-blocking section of the fault, and key water-blocking section of the fault are configured according to different ratios of small stones: river sand: bentonite.

[0054] S300: Water injection and pressure holding. After filling the model box with material, adjust the water injection pressure and increase it gradually in increments of 0.2 MPa. When the water injection pressure reaches the target value, hold it for 20 minutes, and then proceed to the next stage of pressurization. Repeat this process until the water injection pressure reaches 1.5 MPa.

[0055] S400: Data Acquisition. Based on the monitoring pressure data collected by the pore water pressure sensors deployed on each monitoring plane of the model box, a trend graph of the monitoring pressure changing over time can be plotted. Based on the monitoring pressure values ​​collected by the pore water pressure sensors inside the model box, a graph showing the relationship between the monitoring pressure and the injection pressure at each monitoring point in the experiment is compiled and plotted.

[0056] S500: Data analysis involves swapping the locations of key water-blocking layers in the fault and then comparing and analyzing the monitoring pressures recorded in different tests within the same monitoring plane. This study investigates the impact of different key water-blocking layer locations on fault impermeability.

[0057] It is readily understood that, based on the several embodiments provided in this application, those skilled in the art can combine, split, or reorganize the embodiments of this application to obtain other embodiments, none of which exceed the protection scope of this application.

[0058] The above detailed embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the above are merely specific embodiments of the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made on the basis of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A laboratory testing system for water resistance in fault zones, characterized in that, include: A fault zone model, comprising a model box with a perforated filter screen at the bottom, and containing surrounding rock, a moderately water-blocking fault section, a weakly water-blocking fault section, and a critically water-blocking fault section. The moderately water-blocking fault section, the weakly water-blocking fault section, and the critically water-blocking fault section are stacked in layers. The surrounding rock is evenly distributed around the inner perimeter of the model box and surrounds the moderately water-blocking fault section, the weakly water-blocking fault section, and the critically water-blocking fault section. The water inlet of the model box is located on the bottom surface of the model box, and the water outlet is located on the top cover of the model box. The water inlet and outlet of the model box are located in the areas corresponding to the stacked moderately water-blocking fault section, the weakly water-blocking fault section, and the critically water-blocking fault section. The data acquisition module includes multiple sensors, which are respectively installed inside the surrounding rock, the medium water-blocking section of the fault, the weak water-blocking section of the fault, and the key water-blocking section of the fault. A water pressure control module, configured to control the water pressure injected into the fault zone model; The computer module acquires information from the data acquisition module, performs data analysis, and displays water pressure change information in the medium water-blocking section, the weak water-blocking section, and the key water-blocking section of the fault. The data acquisition module and the water pressure control module are electrically connected to the computer module.

2. The indoor testing system for water resistance of fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a sample analysis module, which is configured to analyze fault samples collected on-site, determine the composition of the fault samples, and identify the material composition of the surrounding rock, the moderately water-blocking section of the fault, the weakly water-blocking section of the fault, and the key water-blocking section of the fault.

3. The indoor testing system for water resistance in fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surrounding rock, the medium water-blocking section of the fault, the weak water-blocking section of the fault, and the key water-blocking layer of the fault are respectively composed of small stones, river sand, and bentonite mixed in different proportions.

4. The indoor testing system for water resistance in fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water pressure control module includes a water inlet pipe, one end of which is connected to the water inlet of the model box. A first valve, a first pressure gauge, and a volume pressure controller are sequentially installed on the water inlet pipe away from the water inlet of the model box. The volume pressure controller is electrically connected to the computer module.

5. The indoor testing system for water resistance of fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a water outlet pipe, which is connected to the water outlet of the model box. A second pressure gauge and a second valve are installed on the water outlet pipe in sequence away from the water outlet of the model box.

6. The indoor testing system for water resistance in fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The model box is a cylinder, and the water inlet and outlet of the model box are respectively located at the center of the bottom and top surfaces of the cylinder; the medium water-blocking section of the fault, the weak water-blocking section of the fault, and the key water-blocking section of the fault are stacked as rectangular cylinders with a cross-section, and the centroid of the rectangular cylinders coincides with the centroid of the cylinder.

7. The indoor testing system for water resistance of fault zones according to claim 6, characterized in that, The aspect ratio of the rectangular prism cross-section is 2:

1.

8. The indoor testing system for water resistance of fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness ratio of the medium water-blocking section, the weak water-blocking section, and the key water-blocking section of the fault is 7:4:

7.

9. The indoor testing system for water resistance of fault zones according to claim 4, characterized in that, The range of the first pressure gauge is at least 2 MPa.

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