SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) power generation system taking biomass as raw material
By combining a downflow moving bed, a catalytic reformer, and an SOFC stack, the chemical and thermal energy utilization rates of biomass energy are improved through catalytic reforming and combustion reactions, achieving efficient biomass power generation and zero carbon dioxide emissions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423138184.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-04
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-18
AI Technical Summary
Existing biomass power generation systems have low energy utilization rates and low overall efficiency, and fail to effectively utilize carbon dioxide in exhaust gases, resulting in low efficiency and environmental unfriendliness of biomass power generation.
The SOFC stack combines a moving bed and a catalytic reformer to convert biomass into hydrogen and CO for power generation through catalytic reforming and combustion reactions. It also utilizes the hot exhaust gas for heat exchange, and combines a thermoelectric generator and a compressor to achieve waste heat utilization and zero carbon dioxide emissions.
This improved the chemical energy utilization rate and thermal utilization rate of biomass energy, achieving efficient power generation and zero carbon dioxide emissions.
Smart Images
Figure CN223510988U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power generation systems, and in particular to a SOFC power generation system using biomass as raw material. Background Technology
[0002] With the increasing severity of environmental pollution and energy shortages, the synthesis and utilization of green energy has become increasingly important. Currently, widely used green energy sources include biomass energy, solar energy, wind energy, nuclear energy, and tidal energy. Because biomass energy is carbon neutral, its conversion and utilization can achieve near-zero carbon dioxide emissions, thus making it a promising candidate for power generation. However, due to its lower energy density compared to fossil fuels, and the current low energy utilization rate and overall efficiency of biomass power generation, its overall efficiency remains low.
[0003] Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are energy conversion devices that efficiently and environmentally friendly convert the chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy. Because the entire power generation process is an electrochemical reaction without fuel combustion, SOFCs offer advantages over other fuel cells, including high power density, strong fuel adaptability, all-solid-state structure, and simple equipment. They can directly use hydrogen, hydrocarbons (methane), methanol, etc., as fuels without requiring precious metal catalysts.
[0004] Existing technologies already include power generation systems that couple biogasification with solid oxide fuel cells. However, the power generation efficiency of existing solid oxide fuel cell systems needs improvement, and they do not take into account the capture of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a SOFC power generation system using biomass as raw material, which improves the system's thermal efficiency and power generation efficiency, and can also achieve zero carbon dioxide emissions.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this utility model adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] A biomass-based SOFC power generation system, the system comprising a downflow moving bed, the downflow moving bed including an organic feed inlet and a catalyst feed inlet, and further comprising:
[0008] A catalytic reformer, wherein the catalytic reformer is connected to the outlet of the downward moving bed;
[0009] SOFC stack, wherein the anode of the SOFC stack is connected to the outlet of the catalytic reformer;
[0010] The first burner is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the SOFC stack.
[0011] The second burner is connected to the discharge port at the bottom of the downward moving bed;
[0012] A thermoelectric generator, wherein the hot end of the thermoelectric generator is connected to the outlet of the second burner, and the cold end of the thermoelectric generator is connected to air;
[0013] The second separator has its inlet connected to the hot end of the first burner and the thermoelectric generator, respectively.
[0014] The compressor has its inlet connected to the outlet of the second separator and is used to compress the carbon dioxide separated by the second separator to obtain liquid carbon dioxide.
[0015] Further technology of this utility model:
[0016] Preferably, the combustion outlet of the first burner is connected to the inlet of the catalytic reformer and / or the downward moving bed.
[0017] Preferably, the system further includes a first separator, the inlet of which is connected to the catalytic reformer, and the outlet of which is connected to the anode of the SOFC stack and the inlet of the second separator, respectively.
[0018] Preferably, the system further includes a first heat exchanger having a first heat exchange channel and a second heat exchange channel. The inlet of the first heat exchange channel is connected to the outlet of the first separator, the outlet of the first heat exchange channel is connected to the inlet of the second separator, the inlet of the second heat exchange channel is connected to the cold end of the thermoelectric generator, and the outlet of the second heat exchange channel is connected to the cathode inlet of the SOFC stack.
[0019] Preferably, the outlet of the second heat exchange channel is connected to the cathode inlet of the SOFC stack and the inlet of the first burner, respectively.
[0020] Preferably, the system further includes a second heat exchanger having a third heat exchange channel and a fourth heat exchange channel. The inlet of the third heat exchange channel is connected to the outlet of the second heat exchange channel, the outlet of the third heat exchange channel is connected to the cathode inlet of the SOFC stack, the inlet of the fourth heat exchange channel is connected to the outlet of the first burner, and the outlet of the fourth heat exchange channel is connected to the inlet of the second separator.
[0021] Preferably, the outlet of the third heat exchange channel is connected to the cathode inlet of the SOFC stack and the inlet of the first burner, respectively.
[0022] Preferably, the hot end of the thermoelectric generator is connected to the second separator.
[0023] Preferably, the system further includes a water storage tank, which is connected to the second separator; and the water storage tank is also connected to the inlet of the catalytic reformer and / or the downward moving bed.
[0024] Preferably, the system further includes a desulfurizer, one end of which is connected to the catalytic reformer and the other end of which is connected to the first separator.
[0025] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0026] 1. This invention converts organic matter into small molecules of hydrogen and CO through catalytic cracking and catalytic reforming. The hydrogen and CO are used as fuels in SOFCs to generate electricity. At the same time, the solid products obtained from cracking are burned, and the heat generated by combustion is used to generate electricity, thereby improving the utilization rate of chemical energy in organic matter.
[0027] 2. By sequentially exchanging heat with the hot exhaust gas generated by the system, the waste heat of the system is utilized, thereby improving the system's thermal efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a biomass-based SOFC power generation system according to an embodiment of this application;
[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a biomass-based SOFC power generation system according to an embodiment of this application;
[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a biomass-based SOFC power generation system according to an embodiment of this application;
[0032] In the diagram: 10. Moving bed; 11. Catalytic reformer; 12. Second burner; 13. First separator; 14. Thermoelectric generator; 15. SOFC stack; 151. Anode; 152. Cathode; 16. Second separator; 17. Water storage tank; 18. Compressor; 19. First burner; 20. First heat exchanger; 21. Second heat exchanger; 22. Regeneration unit; 23. Desulfurizer. Detailed Implementation
[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.
[0034] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a SOFC power generation system using biomass as raw material. The system includes a descending moving bed 10, which includes an organic matter inlet and a catalyst inlet. The descending moving bed 10 is a cascading reactor. An organic matter feeding screw mechanism is provided in the middle of the cascading reactor. The organic matter is selected from industrial waste, agricultural and forestry waste, and municipal solid waste.
[0035] The agricultural and forestry waste may be at least one of fallen leaves, dried vines, weeds, fruit shells, and straw; the industrial waste may be waste plastics or distiller's grains; and the domestic waste may be kitchen waste.
[0036] The moving bed 10 is used to react organic matter with high-temperature gas under the action of a catalyst to generate pyrolysis gas and solid components; wherein, the solid components include the catalyst and incompletely decomposed organic components. It should be noted that the temperature of the high-temperature gas is 750-850℃.
[0037] The system also includes a catalytic reformer 11, which is connected to the gas outlet at the upper end of the moving bed 10. The catalytic reformer 11 is used to reform the pyrolysis gas and the high-temperature gas to obtain reformed gas containing hydrogen and CO. In addition, the reformed gas also contains water vapor, CO2, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and other gaseous components.
[0038] The system also includes an SOFC stack 15, which includes an anode 151, an electrolyte, and a cathode 152. The anode 151 of the SOFC stack 15 is connected to the outlet of the catalytic reformer 11, and is used to introduce the reformed gas generated in the catalytic reformer 11 into the anode 151 of the SOFC stack for use as fuel in the power generation reaction.
[0039] In some preferred embodiments of this invention, in order to remove water vapor and CO2 from the reformed gas, the system further includes a first separator 13. The first separator 13 is used to separate the reformed gas to obtain a first separated gas and a second separated gas. The main components of the first separated gas are hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The first separated gas enters the anode 151 of the SOFC stack as fuel for power generation. The main components of the second separated gas are water vapor and carbon dioxide. The second separated gas enters the second separator 16 for further separation to obtain water and carbon dioxide. The water enters the water storage tank 17 for storage, and the carbon dioxide is compressed by the compressor 18 for storage.
[0040] The system also includes a first burner 19, which is connected to the exhaust gas (including cathode exhaust gas and anode exhaust gas) outlet of the SOFC stack 15. The first burner 19 is used to burn the exhaust gas generated by the SOFC stack in the first burner 19 to further utilize the chemical energy of the exhaust gas generated by the SOFC stack.
[0041] The system also includes a second burner 12, which is connected to the discharge port at the bottom of the downward moving bed 10. The second burner 12 is used to burn the solid components to obtain a high-temperature catalyst and high-temperature combustion exhaust gas. The high-temperature catalyst is transferred to the regeneration device 22 for regeneration. The regenerated catalyst can be recycled back into the downward moving bed 10 for reuse.
[0042] The system also includes a thermoelectric generator 14, the hot end of which is connected to the outlet of the second burner 12, and the cold end of which is connected to the air. The thermoelectric generator 14 performs work by utilizing the temperature difference between its hot and cold ends, thereby generating additional electricity beyond the SOFC stack 15. By incorporating the thermoelectric generator 14, the thermal energy in the exhaust gas generated by the first burner can be utilized, and the air can also be preheated.
[0043] The system also includes a second separator 16, the inlet of which is connected to the hot end of the first separator 13 and the thermoelectric generator 14, respectively, for separating the first separated gas obtained by the first separator 13 and the second combustion exhaust gas cooled by the thermoelectric generator 14 to obtain cooling water and cooled carbon dioxide.
[0044] The system also includes a compressor 18, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the second separator 16, for compressing the carbon dioxide separated by the second separator 16 to obtain liquid carbon dioxide. By compressing and collecting the carbon dioxide generated by the system, zero carbon dioxide emissions are achieved in the system.
[0045] Preferably, the outlet of the first burner 19 is connected to the inlet of the catalytic reformer 11 and / or the descending moving bed 10. The combustion exhaust gas generated by the first burner is divided into at least two paths, one of which enters the catalytic reformer 11 to provide water and heat source for catalytic reforming; the other path enters the descending moving bed 10 as a high-temperature gas to provide heat source for the catalytic reaction of organic matter; more preferably, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the outlet of the first burner 19 is also connected to the second heat exchanger 21 for preheating the air with combustion exhaust gas.
[0046] The system also includes a first heat exchanger 20, which has a first heat exchange channel and a second heat exchange channel. The inlet of the first heat exchange channel is connected to the outlet of the first separator 13, the outlet of the first heat exchange channel is connected to the inlet of the second separator, the inlet of the second heat exchange channel is connected to the cold end of the thermoelectric generator, and the outlet of the second heat exchange channel is connected to the cathode inlet of the SOFC stack. The first heat exchanger 20 is used to exchange heat between the second separated gas obtained from the first separator 13 and air, thereby preheating the air.
[0047] In some preferred embodiments of this application, the outlet of the second heat exchange channel is connected to the inlet of the cathode 152 of the SOFC stack and the inlet of the first burner, respectively, so that the air is divided into two paths after heat exchange by the first heat exchanger 20. One path enters the cathode of the SOFC stack 15 for reaction; the other path enters the first burner 19 to burn with the SOFC exhaust gas.
[0048] like Figure 2 The system also includes a second heat exchanger 21, which has a third heat exchange channel and a fourth heat exchange channel. The inlet of the third heat exchange channel is connected to the outlet of the second heat exchange channel, and the outlet of the third heat exchange channel is connected to the cathode inlet of the SOFC stack. The inlet of the fourth heat exchange channel is connected to the outlet of the first burner 19, and the outlet of the fourth heat exchange channel is connected to the inlet of the second separator 16. The second heat exchanger 21 is used to exchange heat between the air preheated by the first heat exchanger 20 and the combustion exhaust gas generated by the first burner, thereby achieving further preheating of the air.
[0049] The outlet of the third heat exchange channel is connected to the inlet of the cathode 152 of the SOFC stack and the inlet of the first burner 19, so that the air is divided into two paths after heat exchange in the first heat exchanger 13. One path enters the cathode of the SOFC stack 15 for reaction; the other path enters the first burner 19 to burn with the exhaust gas of the SOFC stack 15.
[0050] The system also includes a water storage tank 17, which is connected to the second separator 16; and the water storage tank 17 is also connected to the inlet of the catalytic reformer 11 and / or the downward moving bed 10.
[0051] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the system also includes a desulfurizer 23, one end of which is connected to the catalytic reformer 11 and the other end of which is connected to the first separator 13, for removing sulfur-containing gases from the pyrolysis gas.
[0052] In this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.
[0053] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.
[0054] The above description is merely an example and illustration of the structure of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the utility model or exceed the scope defined in the claims, they should all fall within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A SOFC power generation system using biomass as raw material, characterized in that, The system includes a descending moving bed, which includes an organic feed inlet and a catalyst feed inlet, and further includes: A catalytic reformer, wherein the catalytic reformer is connected to the outlet of the downward moving bed; SOFC stack, wherein the anode of the SOFC stack is connected to the outlet of the catalytic reformer; The first burner is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the SOFC stack. The second burner is connected to the discharge port at the bottom of the downward moving bed; A thermoelectric generator, wherein the hot end of the thermoelectric generator is connected to the outlet of the second burner, and the cold end of the thermoelectric generator is connected to air; The second separator has its inlet connected to the hot end of the first burner and the thermoelectric generator, respectively. The compressor has its inlet connected to the outlet of the second separator and is used to compress the carbon dioxide separated by the second separator to obtain liquid carbon dioxide.
2. The SOFC power generation system using biomass as raw material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The combustion outlet of the first burner is connected to the inlet of the catalytic reformer and / or the downward moving bed.
3. The SOFC power generation system using biomass as raw material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a first separator, the inlet of which is connected to the catalytic reformer, and the outlet of which is connected to the anode of the SOFC stack and the inlet of the second separator.
4. A biomass-based SOFC power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The system further includes a first heat exchanger having a first heat exchange channel and a second heat exchange channel. The inlet of the first heat exchange channel is connected to the outlet of the first separator, the outlet of the first heat exchange channel is connected to the inlet of the second separator, the inlet of the second heat exchange channel is connected to the cold end of the thermoelectric generator, and the outlet of the second heat exchange channel is connected to the cathode inlet of the SOFC stack.
5. A biomass-based SOFC power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outlet of the second heat exchange channel is also connected to the inlet of the first burner.
6. A biomass-based SOFC power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The system further includes a second heat exchanger having a third heat exchange channel and a fourth heat exchange channel. The inlet of the third heat exchange channel is connected to the outlet of the second heat exchange channel, and the outlet of the third heat exchange channel is connected to the cathode inlet of the SOFC stack. The inlet of the fourth heat exchange channel is connected to the outlet of the first burner, and the outlet of the fourth heat exchange channel is connected to the inlet of the second separator.
7. A biomass-based SOFC power generation system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outlet of the third heat exchange channel is also connected to the inlet of the first burner.
8. A biomass-based SOFC power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The hot end of the thermoelectric generator is connected to the second separator.
9. A biomass-based SOFC power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The system also includes a water storage tank, which is connected to the second separator; Furthermore, the water storage tank is connected to the inlet of the catalytic reformer and / or the downward moving bed.
10. A biomass-based SOFC power generation system according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that, The system also includes a desulfurizer, one end of which is connected to the catalytic reformer and the other end of which is connected to the first separator.