High-voltage interlocking detection system and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model provides a high-voltage interlocking detection system and a vehicle. The high-voltage interlocking detection system comprises a detection circuit and a microcontroller. The detection circuit comprises a plurality of detection branches connected in series, the plurality of detection branches are correspondingly connected with the plurality of low-voltage detection connectors, and the detection branches output corresponding detection signals based on the connection states of the low-voltage detection connectors; the microcontroller is connected with the plurality of detection branches to receive detection signals from the plurality of detection branches, and the microcontroller determines the on-off state of the high-voltage interlocking loop and the connection state of the plurality of low-voltage detection connectors based on the plurality of detection signals. According to the system, the detection signals of different detection branches are received and processed through the same microcontroller, the response speed is high, the multiple detection signals are received through the same microcontroller, the synchronism of receiving the detection signals is high, the detection real-time performance and the detection accuracy of the microcontroller are guaranteed, additional sub-control units do not need to be arranged, and the cost is low. The manufacturing cost is saved, and the system structure is simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of high-voltage interlock detection technology, and more specifically, to a high-voltage interlock detection system and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of new energy vehicles, electrification is gradually becoming a trend. Electric vehicles are usually equipped with high-voltage electrical systems, which are used to supply power to high-power electrical equipment (such as motors) in the vehicle. In order to monitor the working status of the high-voltage electrical system in real time, the vehicle is usually also equipped with a high-voltage interlock loop (HVIL) system. The high-voltage interlock loop system is equipped with multiple high-voltage connectors and corresponding low-voltage detection connectors. Each high-voltage connector usually has an interlock contact. These contacts are connected by wires to form a complete high-voltage interlock loop. The high-voltage interlock loop system can cut off the high-voltage power supply in time when the high-voltage electrical system is abnormal, thereby preventing electric shock accidents and fire risks.

[0003] High-voltage interlock systems in related technologies typically include a high-voltage interlock detection circuit and a control system. Once the high-voltage interlock detection circuit detects a break in the high-voltage interlock circuit, it immediately sends a signal to the control system, causing the control system to cut off the high-voltage output of all loads to ensure safety. However, the high-voltage interlock detection circuit in these technologies also includes multiple sub-control units. Each sub-control unit processes the detected signals before sending them to the control system, causing the control system to respond with a cutoff. This results in a slow signal response speed and poor synchronization of the received signals. Furthermore, the large number of sub-control units in the high-voltage interlock detection circuit increases the system's manufacturing cost. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides a high-voltage interlock detection system and a vehicle, aiming to solve the problems that the control system needs to receive signals from different sub-control units before processing, resulting in slow signal response speed and poor synchronization of signals received by the control system. Furthermore, the high-voltage interlock detection circuit has a large number of sub-control units, leading to high system manufacturing costs.

[0005] In a first aspect, a high-voltage interlock detection system is provided, including a detection circuit and a microcontroller. The detection circuit includes multiple detection branches connected in series, each detection branch being connected to a corresponding low-voltage detection connector. The detection branches are used to output corresponding detection signals based on the connection status of the low-voltage detection connectors. The microcontroller is connected to the multiple detection branches to receive the detection signals from the multiple detection branches. The microcontroller is used to determine the on / off state of the high-voltage interlock circuit and the connection status of the multiple low-voltage detection connectors based on the multiple detection signals.

[0006] In the above technical solution, multiple detection branches can output corresponding detection signals to the microcontroller based on the connection status of the connected low-voltage detection connectors. This allows the microcontroller to determine the connection status of multiple low-voltage detection connectors and the on / off status of the corresponding high-voltage interlock circuit based on different detection signals. This achieves accurate detection of the connection status of multiple low-voltage detection connectors and the on / off status of the high-voltage interlock circuit. Furthermore, the microcontroller can accurately determine the fault location (i.e., the abnormally connected low-voltage detection connector) based on the detection signals, improving detection and troubleshooting efficiency and effectively solving the problem of low efficiency in troubleshooting high-voltage interlock systems, thus enhancing safety. Secondly, compared to related technologies where the control system needs to receive signals from different sub-control units for processing, this application uses a single microcontroller to receive and process detection signals from different detection branches. This results in a fast response speed, and the high synchronization of received detection signals ensures the real-time performance and accuracy of the microcontroller's detection. Moreover, it eliminates the need for additional sub-control units within the high-voltage interlock detection system, saving manufacturing costs and simplifying the system structure.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, each detection branch includes a controlled element and a control element. One end of the controlled element is connected to a microcontroller, and the other end of the controlled element is grounded. One end of the control element is connected to the first end of the low-voltage detection connector, and the other end of the control element is connected to the second end of the low-voltage detection connector. The control element is used to control the on / off state of the controlled element according to the connection status of the low-voltage detection connector, so that the controlled element outputs a corresponding detection signal. Among them, multiple control elements are connected in series.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the connection status of the low-voltage detection connector can be converted into corresponding high and low level detection signals through the control element and the controlled element. The microcontroller can identify these high and low level detection signals and accurately determine the connection status of the low-voltage detection connector and the on / off status of the corresponding high-voltage interlock circuit based on these signals, resulting in high detection reliability and accuracy. Furthermore, the control element and the controlled element enable the detection circuit to perform autonomous detection without relying on the microcontroller or other control circuits, thus offering high detection flexibility.

[0009] Combining the first aspect and the above implementation methods, in some possible implementation methods, the control element is a coil, one end of which is connected to the first end of the low-voltage detection connector, and the other end of which is connected to the second end of the low-voltage detection connector; the controlled element is an armature switch, which is set to correspond to the coil, the first end of which is connected to the microcontroller, and the other end of which is grounded.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the on / off state of the armature switch contacts can be controlled by changing the coil current. That is, the on / off state of the contacts is controlled by outputting different high and low levels of the coil current, thus outputting corresponding high and low level detection signals. This offers high flexibility, and the coil only requires a small current to drive, resulting in low power consumption. Secondly, in the relay formed by the coil and the armature switch, the coil circuit and the armature switch contact circuit are electrically isolated. That is, there is no direct electrical connection between the control circuit corresponding to the armature switch and the load circuit corresponding to the coil. This effectively prevents damage to the circuit from high voltage or high current, improving the service life and reliability of the high-voltage interlock detection system.

[0011] Combining the first aspect and the above implementation methods, in some possible implementation methods, the control element is a light-emitting diode (LED), the positive terminal of the LED is connected to the first end of the low-voltage detection connector, and the negative terminal of the LED is connected to the second end of the low-voltage detection connector; the controlled element is a transistor, the transistor is set to correspond to the LED, the collector of the transistor is connected to the microcontroller, and the emitter of the transistor is grounded.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the switching on and off of the transistor can be controlled by changing the current of the LED. That is, different high and low levels of the LED current output control the switching on and off of the transistor, thus outputting corresponding high and low level detection signals. This approach offers high flexibility and fast response speed. Furthermore, the LED requires only a small current to drive it, resulting in low power consumption. Secondly, in the optocoupler formed by the LED and the transistor, the LED circuit and the transistor circuit are electrically isolated. That is, there is no direct electrical connection between the control circuit corresponding to the LED and the load circuit corresponding to the transistor. This effectively prevents damage to the circuit from high voltage or high current, achieving electrical isolation and improving the service life and reliability of the high-voltage interlock detection system.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect and the above implementation methods, in some possible implementation methods, each detection branch further includes a first resistor and a filter capacitor; one end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the controlled element, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the microcontroller; the first plate of the filter capacitor is connected to one end of the first resistor and one end of the controlled element, and the second plate of the filter capacitor is grounded.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the RC filter formed by the first resistor and the filter capacitor can filter out high-frequency noise, reduce interference components in the detection signal output by the controlled component, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio by removing noise through the first resistor and the filter capacitor, reducing electromagnetic interference and making the detection signal easier for the microcontroller to receive. Secondly, the first resistor and the filter capacitor can also smooth the detection signal, reducing fluctuations and jitter, making the detection signal received by the microcontroller more stable. Thus, by placing the first resistor and the filter capacitor between the controlled component and the microcontroller, high-frequency noise in the detection signal can be filtered out, the detection signal stabilized, the signal-to-noise ratio improved, and electromagnetic interference reduced, thereby ensuring the reliability of the detection signal received by the microcontroller and ultimately ensuring the detection reliability of the high-voltage interlock detection system.

[0015] In combination with the first aspect and the above implementation methods, in some possible implementation methods, each detection branch further includes: a pull-up resistor, one end of which is connected to the first power supply voltage, and the other end of which is connected to the first plate of the filter capacitor, one end of the first resistor, and one end of the controlled element.

[0016] In the above technical solution, pull-up resistors ensure that the microcontroller's connection points are in a high-level state when there are no other drive signals (such as detection signals). This avoids the problem of the microcontroller's connection points being in an uncertain state (such as a high-impedance state or a floating state) when no pull-up resistors are set, which could lead to false triggering of the microcontroller. Pull-up resistors pull these connection points to a high level, thus preventing false triggering of the microcontroller. Secondly, pull-up resistors can also improve the anti-interference capability of the high-voltage interlock detection system and reduce the impact of external noise on the high-voltage interlock detection system.

[0017] In combination with the first aspect and the above implementation methods, in some possible implementation methods, the high-voltage interlock detection system further includes a second resistor, a first switch module, and a current source; one end of the second resistor is connected to the microcontroller; the first end of the first switch module is connected to the other end of the second resistor, the second end of the first switch module is grounded, and the third end of the first switch module is connected to the first detection branch among multiple detection branches; one end of the current source is connected to the fourth end of the first switch module, and the other end of the current source is connected to the last detection branch among multiple detection branches.

[0018] In the above technical solution, the microcontroller can reduce the energy consumption of the high-voltage interlock detection system and save energy by controlling the first switch module to turn off.

[0019] Combining the first aspect and the above implementation methods, in some possible implementation methods, the first switching module is an optocoupler; the anode of the light-emitting diode in the optocoupler is connected to the other end of the second resistor, the cathode of the light-emitting diode in the optocoupler is grounded, the collector of the transistor in the optocoupler is connected to one end of the current source, and the emitter of the transistor in the optocoupler is connected to the first detection branch among multiple detection branches.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the microcontroller can control the switching of the transistor by changing the current of the LED in the optocoupler, thereby controlling the on / off state of the first switching module. This provides high flexibility and fast response. Furthermore, the LED requires only a small current to drive it, resulting in low power consumption. Secondly, the LED circuit and the transistor circuit in the optocoupler are electrically isolated; that is, there is no direct electrical connection between the control circuit corresponding to the LED and the load circuit corresponding to the transistor. This effectively prevents damage to the circuit from high voltage or high current, achieving electrical isolation and improving the service life and reliability of the high-voltage interlock detection system.

[0021] In combination with the first aspect and the above implementation methods, in some possible implementation methods, the high-voltage interlock detection system further includes a third resistor and a second switch module; one end of the third resistor is connected to the second power supply voltage; the first end of the second switch module is connected to the other end of the third resistor, the second end of the second switch module is connected to the first detection branch among multiple detection branches, and the controlled end of the second switch module is connected to the microcontroller.

[0022] In the above technical solution, the microcontroller can reduce the energy consumption of the high-voltage interlock detection system and save energy by controlling the second switch module to turn off.

[0023] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle including a high-voltage interlock circuit and a high-voltage interlock detection system as described in any optional manner of the first aspect. The high-voltage interlock circuit is provided with a plurality of low-voltage detection connectors, and the high-voltage interlock detection system is connected to the plurality of low-voltage detection connectors. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle module structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the module structure of a high-voltage interlock detection system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the module structure of another high-voltage interlock detection system provided in this application embodiment;

[0027] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a high-voltage interlock detection system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another high-voltage interlock detection system provided in this application embodiment;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another high-voltage interlock detection system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another high-voltage interlock detection system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another high-voltage interlock detection system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another high-voltage interlock detection system provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0033] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0034] 1. High-voltage interlock detection system; 11. Detection circuit; 111. Detection branch; 112. Controlled element; 113. Control element; 12. Microcontroller; 13. Second switch module; 14. First switch module; 2. Low-voltage detection connector; R0. Pull-up resistor; R1. First resistor; R2. Second resistor; R3. Third resistor; C. Filter capacitor; VCC1. First power supply voltage; VCC2. Second power supply voltage; CCS. Current source. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions in this application will be clearly and thoroughly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" refers to two or more than two.

[0036] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0037] Currently, new energy vehicles are widely used in various scenarios, replacing internal combustion engine vehicles. Compared to internal combustion engine vehicles, new energy vehicles produce less noise and do not directly emit exhaust fumes, making them more environmentally friendly. Furthermore, new energy vehicles are more intelligent, have higher energy conversion efficiency, and lower maintenance costs, leading to a growing number of people using them as their mode of transportation. New energy vehicles typically include a power battery to provide power to the vehicle and drive motor. For example, the power battery outputs direct current (DC) to the motor. The motor control unit (MCU) converts this DC power into three-phase alternating current (AC) to control the motor, controlling functions such as starting, acceleration, deceleration, braking, and energy recovery, thus ensuring the normal operation of the vehicle.

[0038] New energy vehicles typically have two electrical systems: a high-voltage system and a low-voltage system. The high-voltage system contains a high-voltage battery (e.g., a power battery) that powers high-power electrical equipment (e.g., motors) to drive the vehicle. Simultaneously, the power battery, under the control of the vehicle controller, charges the low-voltage battery, typically at several hundred volts. To ensure the safety of the driver, passengers, and the vehicle itself, a high-voltage interlock system is also usually installed. This system includes high-voltage connectors and a control system. The connectors connect various components in the high-voltage electrical system (e.g., high-voltage batteries, motors, inverters, etc.), ensuring the safe transmission of high-voltage current. Each connector typically has an interlock contact, and these contacts are connected in series to form a complete high-voltage interlock circuit. The high-voltage interlock circuit and control system can promptly cut off the high-voltage power supply in case of an abnormality in the high-voltage electrical system, thus preventing electric shock and fire risks.

[0039] High-voltage connectors may become loose or detached, causing an abnormality in the high-voltage interlock circuit. To monitor the connection status of the high-voltage interlock circuit in real time, high-voltage interlock systems in related technologies typically include low-voltage detection connectors, low-voltage detection ports, and a control system. Low-voltage detection connectors connect the low-voltage detection ports and the high-voltage interlock circuit to ensure reliable signal transmission; they are usually distributed among various nodes in the high-voltage interlock circuit. Low-voltage detection ports send and receive low-voltage signals (e.g., 5V or 12V) to detect the status of the high-voltage interlock circuit. The detection principle is generally as follows: before vehicle startup, the control system sends a low-voltage excitation signal through the low-voltage detection port. This excitation signal travels through the low-voltage detection connector along the interlock contacts of all high-voltage connectors in the high-voltage interlock circuit. If all high-voltage connectors are correctly connected, the excitation signal will be successfully transmitted and returned to the low-voltage detection port through the low-voltage detection connector. If the low-voltage detection port receives a feedback signal that matches the sent excitation signal, it indicates that all high-voltage connectors are correctly connected and the high-voltage interlock circuit is normal. At this time, the control system will activate the high-voltage power supply, and the high-voltage electrical system will begin operation. Once a fault in the high-voltage interlock circuit is detected, the control system will take the same action, namely, cutting off the high-voltage output of all loads.

[0040] However, in related technologies, the high-voltage interlock detection circuit also includes multiple sub-control units. These sub-control units process the detected signals separately before sending them to the control system, causing the control system to respond with a cutoff. This means the control system needs to receive signals from different sub-control units for processing, resulting in slow signal response and poor synchronization of the received signals. The large number of sub-control units in the high-voltage interlock detection circuit also leads to high system manufacturing costs. Furthermore, the control systems in these technologies typically only detect whether a fault has occurred in the high-voltage interlock circuit, but cannot accurately pinpoint the specific location of the fault.

[0041] Therefore, this application provides a high-voltage interlock detection system and a vehicle. The high-voltage interlock detection system receives and processes detection signals from different detection branches through the same microcontroller, resulting in a fast response speed. Furthermore, by receiving multiple detection signals through the same microcontroller, the synchronization of the received detection signals is high, ensuring the real-time detection and accuracy of the microcontroller. Moreover, no additional sub-control unit is required, saving manufacturing costs and simplifying the system structure.

[0042] The high-voltage interlock detection system and vehicle provided in the embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] This application provides a vehicle comprising a high-voltage electrical system and a low-voltage electrical system. The high-voltage electrical system includes a high-voltage battery (e.g., a power battery) to power high-power electrical equipment (e.g., motors, inverters, and other high-voltage components) in the vehicle, driving the vehicle to maintain normal operation. Simultaneously, the power battery, under the control of the vehicle controller, charges the low-voltage battery in the low-voltage electrical system. The low-voltage electrical system includes a low-voltage battery (e.g., a 12V storage battery) and a DC-DC converter (DCDC). The DC-DC converter converts the high-voltage electricity from the high-voltage battery into low-voltage electricity to meet the signal transmission / control requirements of the vehicle; further details are omitted here.

[0044] In high-voltage electrical systems, the voltage is typically several hundred volts or higher. When personnel are repairing or inspecting vehicles, they may accidentally come into contact with high-voltage components that are not fully disconnected, leading to electric shock. Furthermore, short circuits or poor connections in high-voltage electrical systems can cause sparks or overheating, potentially leading to fires, posing significant safety hazards. Therefore, the vehicle provided in this application is equipped with a high-voltage interlock system. This system includes high-voltage connectors used to connect various components in the high-voltage electrical system, ensuring the safe transmission of high-voltage current. Each high-voltage connector typically has an interlock contact, and these contacts are connected in series via wires to form a complete high-voltage interlock circuit. This circuit ensures that the high-voltage power supply will not be activated when the high-voltage connector is not fully connected or disconnected, thus preventing personnel from contacting energized high-voltage components. Simultaneously, when the high-voltage electrical system experiences a short circuit or poor connection, the high-voltage interlock circuit can quickly cut off the high-voltage power supply, preventing fires caused by electrical faults.

[0045] To achieve fault detection in high-voltage interlock circuits, in one example, such as Figure 1As shown, the vehicle provided in this application also includes a high-voltage interlock detection system 1 and multiple low-voltage detection connectors 2. The low-voltage detection connectors 2 are located in the high-voltage interlock circuit (not shown in the figure) and correspond to the high-voltage connectors (not shown in the figure). The high-voltage interlock detection system 1 in this application can realize fault detection and accurate fault location of the high-voltage interlock circuit by detecting the connection status of the low-voltage detection connectors. It is worth noting that the number of low-voltage detection connectors can be equal to or less than the number of high-voltage connectors. When the number of low-voltage detection connectors is equal to the number of high-voltage connectors, the high-voltage connectors and low-voltage detection connectors are in one-to-one correspondence to ensure that the status of each high-voltage connector can be detected independently, thereby improving the safety of the system. When the number of low-voltage detection connectors is less than the number of high-voltage connectors, multiple high-voltage connectors can be connected to the same low-voltage detection connector to save manufacturing costs. The specific configuration can be set according to actual needs, and this application does not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0046] To enable the high-voltage interlock detection system 1 to accurately detect the connection status of multiple low-voltage detection connectors 2, and to avoid the problem of excessively long connection harnesses between the multiple low-voltage detection connectors 2 and the high-voltage interlock detection system 1 affecting detection reliability, in one example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the high-voltage interlock detection system 1 includes a detection circuit 11 and a microcontroller 12. The detection circuit 11 includes multiple detection branches 111 connected in series. The multiple detection branches 111 are respectively connected to multiple low-voltage detection connectors 2. The microcontroller 12 is connected to the multiple detection branches 111.

[0047] In this example, detection branch 111 is used to output a corresponding detection signal based on the connection status of the low-voltage detection connector 2. It is worth noting that each detection branch 111 can output a corresponding detection signal based on the connection status of the low-voltage detection connector 2 connected to it. Each detection branch 111 will output the detection signal to the microcontroller 12 connected to it. The microcontroller 12 can determine the on / off status of the high-voltage interlock circuit and the connection status of the multiple low-voltage detection connectors 2 based on the detection signals from multiple detection branches 111, so as to achieve accurate detection of the connection status of multiple low-voltage detection connectors 2 and the on / off status of the high-voltage interlock circuit.

[0048] The connection status includes normal connection and abnormal connection. When all low-voltage detection connectors 2 are normally connected, the high-voltage interlock circuit is connected, that is, the high-voltage interlock circuit is normal. Abnormal connection refers to situations such as the low-voltage detection connectors 2 being loose or falling off. In this case, the low-voltage detection connectors 2 are abnormally connected, causing the high-voltage interlock circuit to be disconnected, that is, the high-voltage interlock circuit is abnormal.

[0049] For example, when all low-voltage detection connectors 2 are in a normal connection state, multiple detection branches 111 can convert the normal connection state into a corresponding detection signal. At this time, the detection signal can refer to a high-level signal indicating that the low-voltage detection connectors 2 are in a normal connection state. Multiple detection branches 111 send the corresponding high-level detection signal to the microcontroller 12 connected to it. The microcontroller 12 can determine based on the high-level detection signals from multiple detection branches 111 that all low-voltage detection connectors 2 are normally connected at this time, and the high-voltage interlock circuit remains connected, that is, the high-voltage interlock circuit has not failed at this time. When one of the low-voltage detection connectors 2 is in an abnormal connection state, while the other low-voltage detection connectors 2 are in a normal connection state, the detection branch 111 corresponding to one of the low-voltage detection connectors 2 can convert the abnormal connection state into a corresponding detection signal. This detection signal can refer to a low-level signal indicating an abnormal connection state for the low-voltage detection connector 2, and the detection branch 111 will send the corresponding low-level detection signal to the microcontroller 12. Similarly, the detection branches 111 corresponding to the other low-voltage detection connectors 2 can convert the normal connection state into a corresponding detection signal. This refers to a high-level signal indicating that the low-voltage detection connector 2 is normally connected. Multiple detection branches 111 send corresponding high-level detection signals to the microcontroller 12. The microcontroller 12 can determine that the corresponding low-voltage detection connector 2 is abnormally connected based on the low-level detection signals, and that the corresponding low-voltage detection connector 2 is normally connected based on the high-level detection signals. In other words, if any one of the multiple low-voltage detection connectors 2 is abnormally connected, the high-voltage interlock circuit is shut down. That is, at this time, the microcontroller 12 can determine that the high-voltage interlock circuit has failed based on the low-level detection signal. Once a fault is detected in the high-voltage interlock circuit and the fault location (i.e., the abnormally connected low-voltage detection connector 2) is determined, personnel can repair or replace the low-voltage detection connector 2 based on the fault location to efficiently troubleshoot the high-voltage interlock system.

[0050] It is understood that the detection branch 111 provided in this application can convert the connection status of the low-voltage detection connector 2 into a high- or low-level signal that can be recognized by the microcontroller 12, so that the microcontroller 12 can determine the connection status of the multiple low-voltage detection connectors 2 and the on / off status of the corresponding high-voltage interlock circuit based on the high- or low-level signal.

[0051] In this way, multiple detection branches 111 can output corresponding detection signals to the microcontroller 12 based on the connection status of the connected low-voltage detection connectors 2. This allows the microcontroller 12 to determine the connection status of the multiple low-voltage detection connectors 2 and the on / off status of the corresponding high-voltage interlock circuit based on different detection signals. This achieves accurate detection of the connection status of multiple low-voltage detection connectors 2 and the on / off status of the high-voltage interlock circuit. Furthermore, the microcontroller 12 can accurately determine the fault location (i.e., the abnormally connected low-voltage detection connector 2) based on the detection signals, improving detection and troubleshooting efficiency and effectively solving the problem of low efficiency in troubleshooting high-voltage interlock systems, thus improving safety to a certain extent. Secondly, compared to related technologies where the control system needs to receive signals from different sub-control units for processing, this application uses the same microcontroller 12 to receive and process detection signals from different detection branches 111. This results in a fast response speed, and the high synchronization of the received detection signals through the same microcontroller 12 ensures the real-time performance and accuracy of the microcontroller 12's detection. Furthermore, there is no need to set up an additional sub-control unit in the high-voltage interlock detection system 1, which saves manufacturing costs and simplifies the system structure.

[0052] The high-voltage components in this application are located in different positions in the vehicle. The high-voltage connector, low-voltage detection connector 2, and detection branch 111 are also located in different positions in the vehicle. In order to avoid mutual interference between the wiring harnesses of each detection branch 111 and the microcontroller 12, this application can deploy the wiring harness in a partitioned manner when deploying it in the vehicle. This application does not impose any specific restrictions on this.

[0053] Optionally, the detection branch 111 provided in this application can be connected to the low-voltage detection connector 2 via the low-voltage detection port.

[0054] Optionally, the microcontroller 12 provided in this application is a microcontroller unit (MCU).

[0055] In order for the detection branch 111 provided in this application to output a corresponding detection signal based on the connection status of the low-voltage detection connector 2, in one example, such as Figure 3 As shown, each detection branch 111 includes a controlled element 112 and a control element 113. One end of the controlled element 112 is connected to the microcontroller 12, and the other end is grounded. One end of the control element 113 is connected to the first end of the low-voltage detection connector 2, and the other end is connected to the second end of the low-voltage detection connector 2. The control element 113 is used to control the on / off state of the controlled element 112 according to the connection status of the low-voltage detection connector 2, so that the controlled element 112 outputs a corresponding detection signal. It is worth noting that, as... Figure 3As shown, multiple control elements 113 in multiple detection branches 111 are connected in series.

[0056] In this example, the control element 113 will detect the connection status of the low-voltage detection connector 2 in real time to control the on / off state of the controlled element 112 accordingly, so that the controlled element 112 outputs a corresponding detection signal to the microcontroller 12. For example, when the low-voltage detection connector 2 corresponding to the control element 113 is normally connected, the control element 113 will not receive current. At this time, the control element 113 controls the controlled element 112 to turn off. It can be understood that when the control element 113 does not receive current, the control element 113 is not conducting, and the corresponding controlled element 112 is not conducting, that is, it is turned off. At this time, the controlled element 112 will output a corresponding high-level detection signal to the microcontroller 12, so that the microcontroller 12 knows that the low-voltage detection connector 2 is normally connected based on the signal. When the low-voltage detection connector 2 corresponding to the control element 113 is abnormally connected, the control element 113 will receive current. At this time, the control element 113 controls the controlled element 112 to conduct. It can be understood that when the control element 113 receives current, the control element 113 conducts, and correspondingly controls the controlled element 112 to conduct. At this time, the controlled element 112 will output a corresponding low-level detection signal to the microcontroller 12, so that the microcontroller 12 knows that the low-voltage detection connector 2 is abnormally connected based on the signal.

[0057] Thus, through the control element 113 and the controlled element 112, the connection state of the low-voltage detection connector 2 can be converted into corresponding high and low level detection signals. The microcontroller 12 can identify these high and low level detection signals and accurately determine the connection state of the low-voltage detection connector 2 and the on / off state of the corresponding high-voltage interlock circuit based on these signals, resulting in high detection reliability and accuracy. Furthermore, the control element 113 and the controlled element 112 enable the detection circuit 11 to perform autonomous detection without relying on the microcontroller 12 or other control circuits, thus offering high detection flexibility.

[0058] It is worth noting that each detection branch 111 is equipped with a controlled element 112 and a control element 113, wherein multiple controlled elements 112 are interconnected to ground.

[0059] In one example, such as Figure 4 As shown, the control element 113 is a coil, one end of which is connected to the first end of the low-voltage detection connector 2, and the other end of which is connected to the second end of the low-voltage detection connector 2. The controlled element 112 is an armature switch, which is set to correspond to the coil. The first end of the armature switch is connected to the microcontroller 12, and the other end of the armature switch is grounded. At this time, the controlled element 112 and the control element 113 together constitute a relay.

[0060] The armature switch has normally open contacts. When the low-voltage detection connector 2 corresponding to the coil is properly connected, the coil does not receive current and is not conductive. Therefore, the normally open contact of the armature switch is open, meaning the armature switch is off. The armature switch outputs a corresponding high-level detection signal to the microcontroller 12, allowing the microcontroller 12 to determine that the low-voltage detection connector 2 is properly connected. When the low-voltage detection connector 2 corresponding to the coil is abnormally connected, the coil receives current and is conductive. Therefore, the normally open contact of the armature switch is closed, meaning the armature switch is on. The armature switch outputs a corresponding low-level detection signal to the microcontroller 12, allowing the microcontroller 12 to determine that the low-voltage detection connector 2 is abnormally connected.

[0061] It is worth noting that each detection branch 111 is equipped with a coil and an armature switch, and the other ends of multiple armature switches are connected to each other to ground.

[0062] In this example, the on / off state of the armature switch contacts can be controlled by changing the coil current. That is, different high and low levels are output by the coil current to control the contact's on / off state, thus outputting corresponding high and low level detection signals. This offers high flexibility, and the coil requires only a small current to drive, resulting in low power consumption. Secondly, in the relay formed by the coil and the armature switch, the coil circuit and the armature switch contact circuit are electrically isolated. That is, there is no direct electrical connection between the control circuit corresponding to the armature switch and the load circuit corresponding to the coil. This effectively prevents damage to the circuit from high voltage or high current, achieving electrical isolation and improving the service life and reliability of the high-voltage interlock detection system.

[0063] In one example, such as Figure 5 As shown, the control element 113 is a light-emitting diode (LED). The positive terminal of the LED is connected to the first terminal of the low-voltage detection connector 2, and the negative terminal of the LED is connected to the second terminal of the low-voltage detection connector 2. The controlled element 112 is a transistor. The transistor is set to correspond to the LED. The collector of the transistor is connected to the microcontroller 12, and the emitter of the transistor is grounded. At this time, the controlled element 112 and the control element 113 together form an optocoupler.

[0064] It is worth noting that each detection branch 111 is equipped with a light-emitting diode and a transistor, and the emitters of multiple transistors are connected to each other to ground.

[0065] In this example, when the low-voltage detection connector 2 corresponding to the LED is properly connected, the LED will not receive current and will not conduct. Therefore, the LED will not emit light, and the transistor will be turned off. The transistor will output a corresponding high-level detection signal to the microcontroller 12, allowing the microcontroller 12 to determine that the low-voltage detection connector 2 is properly connected. When the low-voltage detection connector 2 corresponding to the LED is improperly connected, the LED will receive current and conduct. Therefore, the LED will emit light, and the transistor will conduct. The transistor will output a corresponding low-level detection signal to the microcontroller 12, allowing the microcontroller 12 to determine that the low-voltage detection connector 2 is improperly connected.

[0066] In this example, the switching on and off of the transistor can be controlled by changing the current of the LED. That is, different high and low levels of the LED current output control the transistor's on / off state, thus outputting corresponding high and low level detection signals. This offers high flexibility and fast response speed. Furthermore, the LED requires only a small current to drive it, resulting in low power consumption. Secondly, in the optocoupler composed of the LED and the transistor, the LED circuit and the transistor circuit are electrically isolated. That is, there is no direct electrical connection between the control circuit corresponding to the LED and the load circuit corresponding to the transistor. This effectively prevents damage to the circuit from high voltage or high current, achieving electrical isolation and improving the lifespan and reliability of the high-voltage interlock detection system.

[0067] To improve the reliability of the detection signal output by the controlled element 112, in one example, such as Figure 6 As shown, each detection branch 111 also includes a first resistor R1 and a filter capacitor C. One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to one end of the controlled element 112, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the microcontroller 12. The first plate of the filter capacitor C is connected to one end of the first resistor R1 and one end of the controlled element 112, and the second plate of the filter capacitor C is grounded.

[0068] In this example, the RC filter formed by the first resistor R1 and the filter capacitor C can filter out high-frequency noise, reduce interference components in the detection signal output by the controlled element 112, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio by removing noise through the first resistor R1 and the filter capacitor C, reducing electromagnetic interference and making the detection signal easier for the microcontroller 12 to receive. Secondly, the first resistor R1 and the filter capacitor C can also smooth the detection signal, reducing fluctuations and jitter, making the detection signal received by the microcontroller 12 more stable. Thus, by placing the first resistor R1 and the filter capacitor C between the controlled element 112 and the microcontroller 12, high-frequency noise in the detection signal can be filtered out, the detection signal stabilized, the signal-to-noise ratio improved, and electromagnetic interference reduced, thereby ensuring the reliability of the detection signal received by the microcontroller 12, and consequently ensuring the detection reliability of the high-voltage interlock detection system 1.

[0069] It is worth noting that each detection branch 111 is equipped with a first resistor R1 and a filter capacitor C, wherein the second plates of multiple filter capacitors C are connected to each other to ground.

[0070] In one example, such as Figure 6 As shown, each detection branch 111 also includes a pull-up resistor R0. One end of the pull-up resistor R0 is connected to the first power supply voltage VCC1, and the other end of the pull-up resistor R0 is connected to the first plate of the filter capacitor C, one end of the first resistor R1, and one end of the controlled element 112.

[0071] In this example, the pull-up resistor R0 ensures that the connection points of the microcontroller 12 are in a high-level state when there are no other drive signals (such as detection signals). This avoids the problem that the connection points of the microcontroller 12 might be in an uncertain state (such as a high-impedance state or a floating state) when the pull-up resistor R0 is not set, which could lead to false triggering of the microcontroller 12. The pull-up resistor R0 can pull these connection points to a high level to avoid false triggering of the microcontroller 12. Secondly, the pull-up resistor R0 can also improve the anti-interference capability of the high-voltage interlock detection system 1 and reduce the influence of external noise on the high-voltage interlock detection system 1.

[0072] It is worth noting that each detection branch 111 is equipped with a pull-up resistor R0, and one end of multiple pull-up resistors R0 are connected to each other to access the first power supply voltage VCC1.

[0073] The specific implementation schemes of high-voltage interlock circuits can be classified into voltage source type and current source type according to the circuit excitation source. For examples, please refer to [reference needed]. Figures 2 to 6 The high-voltage interlock circuit adopts a voltage source type. Detection branch 111 and low-voltage detection connector 2 are connected to the second power supply voltage VCC2. To reduce the energy consumption of the high-voltage interlock detection system 1, in one example, such as... Figure 7As shown, the high-voltage interlock detection system 1 also includes a third resistor R3 and a second switch module 13. One end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the second power supply voltage VCC2. The first end of the second switch module 13 is connected to the other end of the third resistor R3, and the second end of the second switch module 13 is connected to the first detection branch 111 among multiple detection branches 111 (e.g., ...). Figure 7 The first control element 113 of the multiple control elements 113 shown is connected, and the controlled end of the second switch module 13 is connected to the microcontroller 12.

[0074] In this example, when the detection branch 111 in the high-voltage interlock detection system 1 needs to be tested, the microcontroller 12 controls the second switch module 13 to turn on, so that the second power supply voltage VCC2 is applied to the circuit where the low-voltage detection connector 2 is located, enabling the low-voltage detection connector 2 and the detection branch 111 to operate normally. When the detection branch 111 in the high-voltage interlock detection system 1 does not need to be tested, the microcontroller 12 controls the second switch module 13 to turn off, so that the second power supply voltage VCC2 is not applied to the circuit where the low-voltage detection connector 2 is located, and the low-voltage detection connector 2 and the detection branch 111 do not work. In this way, by controlling the second switch module 13 to turn off, the microcontroller 12 can reduce the energy consumption of the high-voltage interlock detection system 1 and save some energy.

[0075] Optionally, the second switching module 13 may be a switch, an N-Metal Oxide Semiconductor (NMOS) field-effect transistor, a P-Metal Oxide Semiconductor (PMOS) field-effect transistor, an IGBT, a transistor, a relay circuit, or other devices or circuits capable of switching on and off. This application does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0076] Optional, such as Figure 8 As shown, the second switching module 13 can be a PNP transistor. The emitter of the PNP transistor is connected to the other end of the third resistor R3, the base of the PNP transistor is connected to the microcontroller 12, and the collector of the PNP transistor is connected to the first detection branch 111 among multiple detection branches 111. In the on-state, the saturation voltage drop of the PNP transistor is low, which helps to reduce the power loss and heat generation of the second switching module 13. Other switches can also be used for the second switching module 13; this application does not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0077] For example, please refer to Figure 9The high-voltage interlock circuit adopts a current source type. The high-voltage interlock detection system 1 also includes a second resistor R2, a first switch module 14, and a current source CCS. One end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the microcontroller 12, the first end of the first switch module 14 is connected to the other end of the second resistor R2, the second end of the first switch module 14 is grounded, and the third end of the first switch module 14 is connected to the first detection branch 111 among multiple detection branches 111 (e.g., ...). Figure 9 The first control element 113 of the plurality of control elements 113 shown is connected, one end of the current source CCS is connected to the fourth end of the first switch module 14, and the other end of the current source CCS is connected to the last detection branch 111 of the plurality of detection branches 111 (e.g., ...). Figure 9 The last control element 113 among the multiple control elements 113 shown is connected.

[0078] In this example, when the detection branch 111 in the high-voltage interlock detection system 1 needs to be tested, the microcontroller 12 controls the first switch module 14 to turn on, thus completing the circuit formed by the first switch module 14 and the grounding terminal. This allows the current source CCS to be applied to the circuit containing the low-voltage detection connector 2, enabling both the low-voltage detection connector 2 and the detection branch 111 to operate normally. When the detection branch 111 in the high-voltage interlock detection system 1 does not need to be tested, the microcontroller 12 controls the first switch module 14 to turn off, preventing the current source CCS from being applied to the circuit containing the low-voltage detection connector 2. In this case, the low-voltage detection connector 2 and the detection branch 111 do not operate. Thus, by controlling the first switch module 14 to turn off, the microcontroller 12 can reduce the energy consumption of the high-voltage interlock detection system 1 and save energy.

[0079] Optional, such as Figure 9As shown, the first switching module 14 can be an optocoupler. The anode of the LED in the optocoupler is connected to the other end of the second resistor R2, the cathode of the LED is grounded, the collector of the transistor in the optocoupler is connected to the current source CCS, and the emitter of the transistor is connected to the first control element 113 among multiple control elements 113. The microcontroller 12 can control the switching of the transistor by changing the current of the LED in the optocoupler, thereby controlling the on / off state of the first switching module 14. This provides high flexibility and fast response. Furthermore, the LED requires only a small current to drive it, resulting in low power consumption. Secondly, the LED circuit and the transistor circuit in the optocoupler are electrically isolated; that is, there is no direct electrical connection between the control circuit corresponding to the LED and the load circuit corresponding to the transistor. This effectively prevents damage to the circuit from high voltage or high current, achieving electrical isolation and improving the service life and reliability of the high-voltage interlock detection system. The first switching module 14 can also be selected from other circuits or devices capable of achieving isolation and switching functions; this application does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0080] In summary, multiple detection branches 111 can output corresponding detection signals to the microcontroller 12 based on the connection status of the connected low-voltage detection connectors 2. This allows the microcontroller 12 to determine the connection status of the multiple low-voltage detection connectors 2 and the on / off status of the corresponding high-voltage interlock circuit based on different detection signals. This achieves accurate detection of the connection status of multiple low-voltage detection connectors 2 and the on / off status of the high-voltage interlock circuit. Furthermore, the microcontroller 12 can accurately determine the fault location (i.e., the abnormally connected low-voltage detection connector 2) based on the detection signals, improving detection and troubleshooting efficiency and effectively solving the problem of low efficiency in troubleshooting high-voltage interlock systems, thus improving safety to a certain extent. Secondly, compared to related technologies where the control system needs to receive signals from different sub-control units for processing, this application uses a single microcontroller 12 to receive and process detection signals from different detection branches 111. This results in a fast response speed, and the high synchronization of the received detection signals through the single microcontroller 12 ensures the real-time performance and accuracy of the microcontroller 12's detection. Furthermore, there is no need to set up an additional sub-control unit in the high-voltage interlock detection system 1, which saves manufacturing costs and simplifies the system structure.

[0081] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, only the division of the above functional modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0082] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0083] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-voltage interlock detection system, applied to a high-voltage interlock circuit with multiple low-voltage detection connectors, characterized in that, The high-voltage interlock detection system includes: The detection circuit includes multiple detection branches connected in series, each detection branch being connected one-to-one with a plurality of low-voltage detection connectors. Each detection branch is used to output a corresponding detection signal based on the connection status of the low-voltage detection connectors; and... A microcontroller is connected to multiple detection branches to receive detection signals from the multiple detection branches. The microcontroller is used to determine the on / off state of the high-voltage interlock circuit and the connection state of the multiple low-voltage detection connectors based on the multiple detection signals.

2. The high-voltage interlock detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned detection branches includes: A controlled element, one end of which is connected to the microcontroller, and the other end of which is grounded; and A control element, one end of which is connected to the first end of the low-voltage detection connector, and the other end of which is connected to the second end of the low-voltage detection connector. The control element is used to control the on / off state of the controlled element according to the connection state of the low-voltage detection connector, so that the controlled element outputs a corresponding detection signal. The multiple control elements are connected in series.

3. The high-voltage interlock detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control element is a coil, one end of which is connected to the first end of the low-voltage detection connector, and the other end of which is connected to the second end of the low-voltage detection connector. The controlled element is an armature switch, which is configured to correspond to the coil. The first end of the armature switch is connected to the microcontroller, and the other end of the armature switch is grounded.

4. The high-voltage interlock detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control element is a light-emitting diode (LED). The positive terminal of the LED is connected to the first end of the low-voltage detection connector, and the negative terminal of the LED is connected to the second end of the low-voltage detection connector. The controlled element is a transistor, which is configured correspondingly to the light-emitting diode. The collector of the transistor is connected to the microcontroller, and the emitter of the transistor is grounded.

5. The high-voltage interlock detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned detection branches further includes: A first resistor, one end of which is connected to one end of the controlled element, and the other end of which is connected to the microcontroller; and A filter capacitor, wherein the first plate of the filter capacitor is connected to one end of the first resistor and one end of the controlled element, and the second plate of the filter capacitor is grounded.

6. The high-voltage interlock detection system according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned detection branches further includes: A pull-up resistor is provided, one end of which is connected to a first power supply voltage, and the other end of which is connected to the first plate of the filter capacitor, one end of the first resistor, and one end of the controlled element.

7. The high-voltage interlock detection system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The high-voltage interlock detection system also includes: A second resistor, one end of which is connected to the microcontroller; A first switching module, wherein a first terminal of the first switching module is connected to the other end of the second resistor, a second terminal of the first switching module is grounded, and a third terminal of the first switching module is connected to the first detection branch among the plurality of detection branches; and A current source, one end of which is connected to the fourth terminal of the first switch module, and the other end of which is connected to the last of the plurality of detection branches.

8. The high-voltage interlock detection system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first switch module is an optocoupler; In the optocoupler, the anode of the light-emitting diode is connected to the other end of the second resistor, the cathode of the light-emitting diode is grounded, the collector of the transistor in the optocoupler is connected to one end of the current source, and the emitter of the transistor in the optocoupler is connected to the first detection branch among the plurality of detection branches.

9. The high-voltage interlock detection system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The high-voltage interlock detection system also includes: A third resistor, one end of which is connected to a second power supply voltage; and The second switch module has a first terminal connected to the other terminal of the third resistor, a second terminal connected to the first detection branch among the plurality of detection branches, and a controlled terminal connected to the microcontroller.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicles include: A high-voltage interlock circuit, wherein the high-voltage interlock circuit is equipped with multiple low-voltage detection connectors; The high-voltage interlock detection system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is connected to a plurality of the low-voltage detection connectors.

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