High-rise building area monitoring and early warning system based on Beidou satellite positioning

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-rise building area monitoring and early warning system based on Beidou satellite positioning, which is characterized in that GNSS receivers and relay stations are arranged at the tops of a plurality of target high-rise buildings with different heights, and the GNSS receiver of each target high-rise building measures the satellite positioning data of the current target high-rise building and sends the satellite positioning data to the relay stations; the plurality of relay stations are in communication connection according to a high-low sequence, and each relay station also sends local satellite positioning data to the next higher relay station, so that the highest relay station can obtain the satellite positioning data of all target high-rise buildings and send the satellite positioning data to the monitoring station; therefore, the monitoring station can carry out monitoring and early warning on a plurality of target high-rise buildings in the area, each high-rise building can be monitored in a dense high-rise building area, and the situation that the high-rise building with lower height is difficult to communicate with the monitoring station because of being blocked by the high-rise building with higher height is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of satellite positioning technology applications, and in particular to a high-rise building area monitoring and early warning system based on BeiDou satellite positioning. Background Technology

[0002] Based on BeiDou high-precision technology and combined with sensors to monitor the degree of deformation in buildings, early warning data can be provided for the stability of high-rise buildings. Currently, deformation monitoring of high-rise buildings using BeiDou satellite technology typically involves placing a receiver on the roof of the building to receive BeiDou satellite positioning signals. Then, auxiliary equipment such as inclinometers, crack sensors, and strain gauges are installed on the side exterior walls of the building. The monitoring station connects to the receiver to determine the building's positioning signal. Based on the positioning points and the data from the inclinometers and other auxiliary equipment, it is then determined whether the high-rise building has deformed.

[0003] Currently, this method involves setting up monitoring stations on the ground, with receivers at each station for positioning. The stations are located several kilometers away from high-rise buildings, forming a triangular three-point positioning system. For areas with multiple high-rise buildings, the monitoring station needs to monitor all of them. However, one high-rise building may block the view of another, making signal transmission back to the monitoring station prone to problems and hindering deformation monitoring of multiple high-rise buildings within the area. Utility Model Content

[0004] The following is an overview of the subject matter described in detail herein. This overview is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0005] This application provides a high-rise building area monitoring and early warning system based on BeiDou satellite positioning, which can measure and warn of the deformation of each high-rise building in an area with a high density of high-rise buildings.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a high-rise building area monitoring and early warning system based on BeiDou satellite positioning, wherein the high-rise building area includes multiple target high-rise buildings of different heights;

[0007] The monitoring and early warning system includes a GNSS receiver based on the BeiDou satellite navigation system, a relay station for receiving satellite positioning data from the GNSS receiver, and a monitoring station set up away from the high-rise building area. The GNSS receiver and the relay station are installed on the top of each of the target high-rise buildings.

[0008] In this system, the relay stations of the target high-rise buildings in the high-rise building area are connected in communication. The highest relay station is connected in communication with the monitoring station. Each relatively lower relay station is used to send local satellite positioning data to the relatively higher relay station. The highest relay station is used to send local satellite positioning data to the monitoring station, so that the monitoring station can monitor and issue early warnings for the target high-rise buildings based on the aggregated satellite positioning data.

[0009] In some embodiments, the number of GNSS receivers installed on the top of each of the target high-rise buildings is greater than or equal to 2, wherein at least two of the GNSS receivers are arranged diagonally along the top plane of the target high-rise building.

[0010] In some embodiments, the monitoring and early warning system further includes an inclinometer for measuring the roof tilt angle, the inclinometer being disposed on the surface of a horizontal platform at the top of the target high-rise building.

[0011] In some embodiments, the relay station is communicatively connected to the inclinometer to receive inclinometer inclination data, or the relay station includes a camera module for capturing and identifying inclinometer readings to obtain inclinometer inclination data; the relay station is also used to package the inclinometer inclination data into a local satellite positioning data packet.

[0012] In some embodiments, the inclinometer includes an illumination module for providing illumination for the inclinometer readings.

[0013] In some embodiments, the relay station includes a wireless communication module and a data gateway device. The GNSS receiver of this layer is communicatively connected to the wireless communication module. A first data port of the data gateway device is connected to the wireless communication module to receive satellite positioning data from the GNSS receiver of this layer. A second data port of the data gateway device is connected to the data gateway device of the preceding relay station to receive satellite positioning data sent by the preceding relay station. The data gateway device also generates data packets and sends the data packets through a third data port to the data gateway device of the following relay station. The data packets include satellite positioning data from the GNSS receiver of this layer and satellite positioning data sent by the preceding relay station.

[0014] In some embodiments, the wireless communication module is an Internet of Things (IoT) module, and the GNSS receiver is connected to the IoT module as an IoT terminal.

[0015] In some embodiments, the relay station further includes a riser bracket, and the data gateway device is fixed to the upper part of the riser bracket.

[0016] In some embodiments, the highest relay station also includes a networking module, through which the monitoring station interfaces to obtain satellite positioning data, or the networking module uploads local satellite positioning data to an IoT platform, and the monitoring station obtains satellite positioning data through the IoT platform.

[0017] In some embodiments, the monitoring and early warning system further includes crack sensors and / or strain gauges installed on the exterior wall of the target high-rise building, the crack sensors and / or the strain gauges being communicatively connected to the relay station.

[0018] The high-rise building area monitoring and early warning system based on BeiDou satellite positioning provided in this application has at least the following beneficial effects: GNSS receivers and relay stations are set up on the tops of multiple target high-rise buildings of different heights. The GNSS receiver of each target high-rise building measures the satellite positioning data of the current target high-rise building and sends it to the relay station. The relay stations of multiple target high-rise buildings are connected in a high-low order communication connection. Each relay station also sends its local satellite positioning data to the next higher relay station. Therefore, except for the lowest relay station, the other relay stations receive not only the satellite positioning data of the current target high-rise building, but also the satellite positioning data sent from the lower relay stations. Therefore, each of these relay stations sends both parts of satellite positioning data as local satellite positioning data to the next relay station. In this way, the relay station of the tallest target high-rise building can obtain the satellite positioning data of all target high-rise buildings and send this aggregated satellite positioning data to the monitoring station. The monitoring station can then monitor and issue early warnings for multiple target high-rise buildings in the area, and warn of the deformation of these target high-rise buildings. By deploying GNSS receivers and relay stations in the above manner, it is possible to monitor each high-rise building in a dense high-rise building area, and lower high-rise buildings will not be unable to communicate with the monitoring station due to being blocked by taller high-rise buildings.

[0019] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the following description and will be apparent in part from the description or may be learned by practicing the application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the description and the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solutions of this application and form part of the specification. They are used together with the examples of this application to explain the technical solutions of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of this application.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a communication diagram of a monitoring and early warning system provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a communication diagram of a relay station between two adjacent target high-rise buildings provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of receiver-relay station-monitoring station provided in one embodiment of this application. Attached image description:

[0025] GNSS receiver 110, relay station 120, monitoring station 130, inclinometer 140, elevation bracket 150, data gateway equipment 160 Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification can be combined in any suitable manner to form various implementations. Simultaneously, the steps or actions described in the method description can be rearranged or adjusted in a manner readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the various orders in the specification and drawings are merely for the clear description of a particular embodiment and do not imply a mandatory order, unless otherwise stated that a particular order must be followed.

[0027] In the description of this application, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0028] The serial numbers assigned to components in this document, such as "first" and "second," are used only to distinguish the described objects and have no sequential or technical meaning. The terms "connection" and "linkage" used in this application, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (linkages).

[0029] Currently, the common method for monitoring deformation of high-rise buildings based on satellite positioning technology is the three-point method. For example, a monitoring station several kilometers away from the high-rise building serves as the first reference point, a monitoring point near the building serves as the second reference point, and a monitoring point at the top of the building serves as the third reference point. The monitoring station collects this satellite positioning data and uses the triangle formed by the three points and two lines to determine whether the high-rise building has experienced positioning deviation due to deformation. This relies on the high-precision positioning technology and positioning analysis functions of current mature satellite positioning systems. However, this method is suitable for high-rise buildings. With the advancement of urbanization, areas with multiple high-rise buildings often contain more than one building. Shorter high-rise buildings may obstruct communication between them and the monitoring station, especially in areas with a dense distribution of high-rise buildings. Therefore, the above method is insufficient for monitoring and providing early warning of deformation in multiple high-rise buildings of varying heights.

[0030] Based on this, this application provides a high-rise building area monitoring and early warning system based on BeiDou satellite positioning. GNSS receivers and relay stations are installed on the tops of multiple target high-rise buildings of varying heights. The GNSS receiver on each target high-rise building measures its satellite positioning data and transmits it to the relay stations. The relay stations on multiple target high-rise buildings communicate with each other based on their altitude. Each relay station also transmits its local satellite positioning data to the next higher-altitude relay station. Therefore, except for the lowest-altitude relay station, the other relay stations receive satellite positioning data from both the current target high-rise building and the lower-altitude relay stations. Therefore, each of these relay stations sends both parts of satellite positioning data as local satellite positioning data to the next relay station. In this way, the relay station of the tallest target high-rise building can obtain the satellite positioning data of all target high-rise buildings and send this aggregated satellite positioning data to the monitoring station. The monitoring station can then monitor and issue early warnings for multiple target high-rise buildings in the area, and warn of the deformation of these target high-rise buildings. By deploying GNSS receivers and relay stations in the above manner, it is possible to monitor each high-rise building in a dense high-rise building area, and lower high-rise buildings will not be unable to communicate with the monitoring station due to being blocked by taller high-rise buildings.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 The diagram shown is of a high-rise building area monitoring and early warning system, which includes multiple target high-rise buildings of different heights in the high-rise building area.

[0032] The monitoring and early warning system includes a GNSS receiver 110 based on the Beidou satellite navigation system, a relay station 120 for receiving satellite positioning data from the GNSS receiver 110, and a monitoring station 130 set up away from high-rise buildings. Each target high-rise building is equipped with a GNSS receiver 110 and a relay station 120.

[0033] In this system, relay stations 120 in the high-rise building area are connected for communication. The highest relay station 120 is connected for communication with the monitoring station 130. Each relatively low-height relay station 120 is used to send local satellite positioning data to the relatively high-height relay station 120. The highest-height relay station 120 is used to send local satellite positioning data to the monitoring station 130, so that the monitoring station 130 can monitor and issue early warnings for the target high-rise building based on the aggregated satellite positioning data.

[0034] The high-rise building area includes multiple high-rise buildings. In this embodiment, a GNSS receiver 110 and a relay station 120 are installed on the top of each high-rise building requiring deformation monitoring and early warning. These high-rise buildings requiring deformation monitoring and early warning are referred to as target high-rise buildings in this application. Since the target high-rise buildings have varying heights, to avoid the taller target high-rise buildings blocking communication between the shorter target high-rise buildings and the monitoring station 130 (as is done in related technologies), except for the tallest relay station 120, the other relay stations 120 do not directly connect to the monitoring station 130. Instead, the taller relay stations 120 receive satellite positioning data from the shorter relay stations 120, and then the taller relay stations 120 transmit their local satellite positioning data to even taller relay stations 120. (Refer to...) Figure 2 As shown, in this way, each relay station 120 can gradually aggregate satellite positioning data to the higher relay station 120. Then, the highest relay station 120 can receive satellite positioning data from all other relay stations 120, along with the satellite positioning data from the highest GNSS receiver 110, and send them together to the monitoring station 130 for early warning analysis. Since the highest high-rise building is not blocked by other high-rise buildings, the highest relay station 120 can communicate smoothly with the monitoring station 130, ensuring that the monitoring station 130 can perform deformation monitoring and early warning for each target high-rise building in the high-rise building area.

[0035] Understandably, although Figure 1 The relay stations 120 shown are connected in communication sequence from low to high. Figure 1 The dashed lines in the diagram represent communication connection lines, but in practical applications, they may not be used in this manner. Figure 1The order of height is considered, for example, a higher-altitude relay station 120 receives satellite positioning data from multiple nearby lower-altitude relay stations 120; generally speaking, the communication connection order of relay stations 120 takes into account the obstruction relationship between target high-rise buildings, with the optimal choice being to ensure that the signal is not blocked.

[0036] In some embodiments, the number of GNSS receivers 110 installed on the top of each target high-rise building is greater than or equal to two, with at least two GNSS receivers 110 arranged diagonally along the top plane of the target high-rise building. Based on the above three-point method for positioning, in this embodiment, two of the monitoring points are set on the diagonal of the top plane of the target high-rise building, and the third monitoring point is a monitoring station 130. Thanks to the high-precision positioning of the BeiDou satellite positioning system, the satellite positioning data of the several GNSS receivers 110 on the top plane are different. After receiving the satellite positioning data, the monitoring station 130 calculates the position offset based on the several satellite positioning data from the top of the target high-rise building, thereby determining whether the target high-rise building has deformed and the location of the deformation.

[0037] In some embodiments, the monitoring and early warning system further includes an inclinometer 140 for measuring the roof tilt angle, the inclinometer 140 being disposed on the surface of a horizontal platform at the top of the target high-rise building.

[0038] Reference Figure 2 As shown, in addition to using satellite positioning data from GNSS receiver 110 to warn of deformation of the target high-rise building, this embodiment of the application also adds an inclinometer 140 to determine the tilt of the target high-rise building. The initial calibration position of the inclinometer 140 can be located on the surface of a horizontal platform at the top of the target high-rise building, so that the initial reading of the inclinometer 140 is a reading on the horizontal plane. Of course, a non-perfectly horizontal platform can also be selected as the initial position for calibrating the inclinometer 140, so that the initial reading of the inclinometer 140 is a reading on the horizontal plane.

[0039] The relay station 120 is communicatively connected to the inclinometer 140 to receive the inclinometer 140's inclination data, or the relay station 120 includes a camera module for capturing and identifying the inclinometer 140's readings to obtain inclination data; the relay station 120 is also used to package the inclination data into a local satellite positioning data packet.

[0040] If the inclinometer 140 has communication capabilities, it can connect to the relay station 120 to transmit inclinometer data. This requires the inclinometer 140 to be powered or have a battery. If the inclinometer 140 does not have communication capabilities, the relay station 120 can be equipped with a corresponding camera module to capture the readings on the inclinometer 140. The camera module includes a camera and a data processing chip for image recognition. The camera captures an image containing the inclinometer 140, and the data processing chip recognizes the inclinometer 140 readings in the image. The resulting image recognition result is the inclinometer data. When relay station 120 transmits satellite positioning data, it packages the satellite positioning data from the GNSS receiver 110 of this layer and the satellite positioning data sent from the previous relay station 120 in the form of data packets. At the same time, it also packages the tilt data from the inclinometer 140 of this layer and sends them together to the next relay station 120. In this way, the relay station 120 at the highest altitude can obtain the satellite positioning data and tilt data of all target high-rise buildings and send this data to monitoring station 130. Monitoring station 130 can then analyze the deformation and tilt of the target high-rise buildings through the satellite positioning data and tilt data.

[0041] For the inclinometer 140 which does not have communication capabilities, the inclinometer 140 may be equipped with an illumination module for providing illumination for the readings of the inclinometer 140; for example, the illumination module is turned on at night to illuminate the reading area of ​​the inclinometer 140, so that the camera of the relay station 120 can capture images of the readings of the inclinometer 140 at night.

[0042] In some embodiments, relay station 120 includes a wireless communication module and a data gateway device 160. The GNSS receiver 110 of this layer is communicatively connected to the wireless communication module. The first data port of the data gateway device 160 is connected to the wireless communication module to receive satellite positioning data from the GNSS receiver 110 of this layer. The second data port of the data gateway device 160 is connected to the data gateway device 160 of the previous relay station 120 to receive satellite positioning data sent by the previous relay station 120. The data gateway device 160 also generates data packets and sends the data packets to the data gateway device 160 of the next relay station 120 through a third data port. The data packets include satellite positioning data from the GNSS receiver 110 of this layer and satellite positioning data sent by the previous relay station 120.

[0043] The communication method of relay station 120 is based on the message processing function of conventional gateway devices. The gateway device provides data ports for forwarding and has data packet processing functions, similar to the message processing process of a switch / router, thereby enabling the merging of data input from two different ports and forwarding of messages. Specifically, the data gateway device 160 of relay station 120 includes a first data port, a second data port, and a third data port (these data ports can be air interfaces for wireless communication due to the building spacing of the target high-rise building). The first data port receives satellite positioning data from the GNSS receiver 110 of the same floor. The second data port receives satellite positioning data sent from the data gateway device 160 of the previous relay station 120 (the relay station 120 at a lower altitude). Relay station 120 unpacks the data packets from the first and second data ports, processes and merges the data, repackages it into new data packets, and forwards the new data packets to the data gateway device 160 of the next relay station 120 (the relay station 120 at a higher altitude) through the third data port. It is understandable that, according to the conventional message processing function of gateway devices, tags (such as IP address, port number, etc.) or fields are added to the data of different ports so that it can be parsed by other gateway devices or message processing devices in the subsequent forwarding process and the data of different ports can be distinguished. The data gateway device 160 in this application embodiment also has the same function. Each relay station 120 automatically adds tags or sets fields to the data of the first data port and the second data port. The monitoring station 130 obtains the satellite positioning data of different target high-rise buildings according to the tags or fields, and then can analyze and warn of each target high-rise building.

[0044] To ensure that the GNSS receiver 110 can operate for extended periods without an external power supply, both the GNSS receiver 110 and the relay station 120 are IoT devices. The wireless communication module of the relay station 120 is an IoT module (specifically, it can be an IoT device). The GNSS receiver 110, acting as an IoT terminal, sends data to the IoT module of the relay station 120. By leveraging the low cost and low power consumption of the IoT module, the GNSS receiver 110 can be deployed on the tops of multiple target high-rise buildings and can operate for extended periods, thereby reducing maintenance costs.

[0045] Reference Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, relay station 120 further includes a height-adjusting bracket 150, with data gateway device 160 fixed to the upper part of the height-adjusting bracket 150. Relay station 120 needs to transmit satellite positioning data to another relay station 120 at a higher elevation. However, the edge of the target high-rise building may obstruct the signal between the two relay stations 120, causing signal attenuation. To ensure communication quality, relay station 120 is mounted on the height-adjusting bracket 150, which can reduce the impact of building edges on the signal to a certain extent. For example, the height-adjusting bracket 150 ensures that the line connecting the two relay stations 120 is higher than the building edge, thus avoiding the influence of building edges on the signal. The base of the height-adjusting bracket 150 can be fixed to the top plane of the target high-rise building in the form of a tripod. Screws or other fastening components are provided on the upper part of the height-adjusting bracket 150 to secure the data gateway device 160 of relay station 120.

[0046] Reference Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the highest relay station 120 also includes a networking module. The monitoring station 130 interfaces with the networking module to obtain satellite positioning data, or the networking module uploads local satellite positioning data to the Internet of Things (IoT) platform, and the monitoring station 130 obtains satellite positioning data through the IoT platform.

[0047] The networking module employs a long-distance direct communication module, such as an NB-IoT module, which can achieve a communication range of up to 15km in open environments. Since the distance between monitoring station 130 and the tallest target building is within 5-10km, the NB-IoT module can meet the long-distance direct communication requirements. Furthermore, satellite positioning data has low real-time requirements and low data transmission volume, perfectly matching the communication characteristics of the NB-IoT module. If direct communication between monitoring station 130 and the tallest target building is not possible, the satellite positioning data can be uploaded to the IoT platform via the networking module, allowing monitoring station 130 to obtain the aggregated satellite positioning data through the IoT platform.

[0048] In some embodiments, the monitoring and early warning system further includes crack sensors and / or strain gauges installed on the exterior walls of the target high-rise building. The crack sensors and / or strain gauges are communicatively connected to relay station 120. The crack sensors can measure cracks in the exterior walls, and the strain gauges can measure the strain magnitude of the exterior walls. This data can be transmitted to relay station 120, which adds it to a data packet and forwards it to the next relay station 120. In this way, monitoring station 130 can acquire satellite positioning data, tilt data, crack conditions, and strain magnitude of multiple target high-rise buildings, realizing multi-dimensional high-rise building early warning monitoring.

[0049] In summary, GNSS receivers and relay stations are placed on the tops of multiple target high-rise buildings of varying heights. Each target high-rise's GNSS receiver measures its satellite positioning data and transmits it to a relay station. The relay stations on multiple target high-rise buildings communicate with each other based on altitude. Each relay station also transmits its local satellite positioning data to the next higher-altitude relay station. Therefore, except for the lowest-altitude relay station, the remaining relay stations receive satellite positioning data not only from the current target high-rise building but also from lower-altitude relay stations. Thus, each of these relay stations will... These two parts of satellite positioning data are sent as local satellite positioning data to the next relay station. In this way, the relay station of the tallest target high-rise building can obtain the satellite positioning data of all target high-rise buildings and send this aggregated satellite positioning data to the monitoring station. The monitoring station can then monitor and issue early warnings for multiple target high-rise buildings in the area, and warn of the deformation of these target high-rise buildings. By deploying GNSS receivers and relay stations in the above manner, it is possible to monitor each high-rise building in a dense high-rise building area, and lower high-rise buildings will not be unable to communicate with the monitoring station due to being blocked by taller high-rise buildings.

[0050] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "more than" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0051] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, instruments, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the instrument embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the shown or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between instruments or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms. Units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, i.e., they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0052] It should also be understood that the various implementation methods provided in this application can be combined arbitrarily to achieve different technical effects.

[0053] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of this application. However, this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of this application. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A high-rise building area monitoring and early warning system based on BeiDou satellite positioning, characterized in that, The high-rise building area includes multiple target high-rise buildings of different heights; The monitoring and early warning system includes a GNSS receiver based on the BeiDou satellite navigation system, a relay station for receiving satellite positioning data from the GNSS receiver, and a monitoring station set up away from the high-rise building area. The GNSS receiver and the relay station are installed on the top of each of the target high-rise buildings. In the high-rise building area, the relay stations of the target high-rise buildings are connected in communication. The highest relay station is connected in communication with the monitoring station. Each relatively low-height relay station is used to send local satellite positioning data to the relatively high-height relay station. The highest-height relay station is used to send local satellite positioning data to the monitoring station, so that the monitoring station can monitor and warn of the target high-rise buildings based on the aggregated satellite positioning data. The relay station includes a wireless communication module and a data gateway device. The GNSS receiver at this layer is communicatively connected to the wireless communication module. The first data port of the data gateway device is connected to the wireless communication module to receive satellite positioning data from the GNSS receiver at this layer. The second data port of the data gateway device is connected to the data gateway device of the preceding relay station to receive satellite positioning data sent by the preceding relay station. The data gateway device also generates data packets and sends the data packets to the data gateway device of the following relay station through a third data port. The data packets include satellite positioning data from the GNSS receiver at this layer and satellite positioning data sent by the preceding relay station.

2. The monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of GNSS receivers installed on the top of each of the target high-rise buildings is greater than or equal to 2, wherein at least two of the GNSS receivers are installed diagonally along the top plane of the target high-rise building.

3. The monitoring and early warning system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The monitoring and early warning system also includes an inclinometer for measuring the roof tilt angle, which is installed on the surface of a horizontal platform at the top of the target high-rise building.

4. The monitoring and early warning system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The relay station is communicatively connected to the inclinometer to receive the inclinometer's inclination data, or the relay station includes a camera module for capturing and identifying the inclinometer's readings to obtain inclination data; the relay station is also used to package the inclination data into a local satellite positioning data packet.

5. The monitoring and early warning system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inclinometer includes an illumination module for providing illumination for the inclinometer readings.

6. The monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless communication module is an Internet of Things (IoT) module, and the GNSS receiver is connected to the IoT module as an IoT terminal.

7. The monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The relay station also includes a heightening bracket, and the data gateway device is fixed to the upper part of the heightening bracket.

8. The monitoring and early warning system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The highest relay station also includes a networking module. The monitoring station interfaces with the networking module to obtain satellite positioning data, or the networking module uploads local satellite positioning data to an Internet of Things (IoT) platform, and the monitoring station obtains satellite positioning data through the IoT platform.

9. The monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring and early warning system also includes crack sensors and / or strain gauges installed on the exterior wall of the target high-rise building, and the crack sensors and / or strain gauges are communicatively connected to the relay station.

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