Mechanical main shaft swinging head structure of machining center

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of machining equipment, in particular to a machining center mechanical main shaft swing head structure which comprises a main shaft seat, a main shaft cavity is formed in the main shaft seat, a main shaft is detachably connected into the main shaft cavity, and a braking mechanism capable of braking the main shaft is arranged in the main shaft cavity. A rotating table is arranged at one end of the main shaft seat, the rotating table is inserted into the mounting seat and can rotate in the mounting seat, and through the relative rotation design between the mounting seat and the main shaft seat and in combination with transmission of a head swinging motor, a driving belt wheel, a driven belt wheel and a synchronous belt, the accurate head swinging action of the main shaft can be achieved; therefore, when the machining center is used for machining a complex curved surface, the cutting angle can be flexibly adjusted, the machining precision and the machining quality are remarkably improved, the requirement for high-precision machining of parts is met, the double-output electric telescopic rod is used for controlling the swing piece and the friction piece on the swing piece to make contact with the rotating sleeve, and braking of the main shaft is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of machining equipment technology, and in particular to a mechanical spindle tilting head structure for machining centers. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of modern machining, machining centers play a vital role. As the manufacturing industry continues to demand higher precision, efficiency and complexity in parts processing, the performance of the spindle system of machining centers has become one of the key factors.

[0003] Traditional machining center spindle structures often employ relatively simple fixed or limited angle adjustment methods. When faced with increasingly complex part designs, especially workpieces with numerous free-form surfaces and multi-angle features, their limitations become increasingly apparent. For example, in the machining of aero-engine blades, the blade surface exhibits a complex spatial twisted shape. Traditional spindles struggle to precisely adjust the cutting direction during machining, preventing the tool from consistently maintaining optimal cutting posture in contact with the workpiece. This not only leads to machining accuracy failing to meet design requirements, resulting in issues such as dimensional deviations and substandard surface roughness, but also significantly shortens tool life and increases production costs due to uneven cutting force distribution.

[0004] Meanwhile, in advanced machining processes such as high-speed cutting and heavy-duty cutting, the braking performance of the spindle has become a key factor in ensuring machining safety and accuracy. Traditional braking methods often have defects such as long braking response time and poor braking stability. When it is necessary to stop the spindle rotation urgently during machining, such as when an abnormal signal is detected due to tool breakage or when the machining process is suddenly switched, if the braking is not timely, the inertia of the spindle will drive the tool to continue cutting, which may cause scratches on the machined surface and damage the integrity of the workpiece. If the friction is uneven or unstable during the braking process, it will also cause the spindle to vibrate, which will then be transmitted to the tool and the workpiece, causing vibration marks on the machined surface and seriously affecting the machining quality.

[0005] To address this issue, a mechanical spindle tilting head structure for machining centers has been invented to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. Utility Model Content

[0006] In order to improve the spindle angle adjustment range and the spindle braking capability, this application provides a mechanical spindle tilting head structure for machining centers.

[0007] This application provides a machining center mechanical spindle tilting head structure, which adopts the following technical solution: It includes a spindle seat, wherein a spindle cavity is formed inside the spindle seat, a spindle is detachably connected to the spindle cavity, a braking mechanism for braking the spindle is provided inside the spindle cavity, a drive motor is fixedly mounted on the spindle seat, the output end of the drive motor is fixedly connected to the spindle, a mounting base is provided on the spindle seat, the mounting base and the spindle seat can rotate relative to each other, and a rotating platform is formed at one end of the spindle seat, the rotating platform is inserted into the mounting base and can rotate within the mounting base.

[0008] Optionally, the braking mechanism includes a rotating sleeve rotatably connected to the middle of the main shaft cavity and fixedly connected to the main shaft. A fixed plate is provided inside the main shaft cavity and fixedly connected to the main shaft cavity. Two opposing and oscillating swashplates are provided inside the main shaft cavity and hinged to the fixed plate. Friction plates that can contact the rotating sleeve are provided on the outer sides of the two swashplates. When the friction plates contact the rotating sleeve, the rotating sleeve is braked.

[0009] Optionally, the fixed plate is provided with a dual-output electric telescopic rod located between two swing plates. The two output ends of the dual-output electric telescopic rod are respectively connected to the swing plates on their corresponding sides, and a reset spring is connected between the two swing plates.

[0010] Optionally, the mounting base is provided with a rotatable driven pulley, which is fixedly connected to the rotating table. The mounting base is also provided with a rotatable driving pulley, which is connected to the driven pulley via a synchronous belt drive. A swaying motor is fixedly mounted on the mounting base, and the output end of the swaying motor is fixedly connected to the driving pulley.

[0011] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0012] 1. Through the relative rotation design between the mounting base and the spindle seat, combined with the transmission of the oscillating head motor, driving pulley, driven pulley and synchronous belt, the precise oscillating head movement of the spindle can be realized. This allows the machining center to flexibly adjust the cutting angle when facing the machining of complex curved surfaces, significantly improving machining accuracy and quality, and meeting the requirements for high-precision machining of parts.

[0013] 2. The rotating sleeve in the braking mechanism is fixedly connected to the spindle. The dual-output electric telescopic rod controls the oscillating plate and its friction plate to contact the rotating sleeve, thereby braking the spindle. This braking method is compact in structure and flexible in operation. It can quickly and accurately stop the spindle from rotating when needed, effectively avoiding machining errors caused by spindle inertia. It also improves the safety of the machining process and reduces the risk of damage to tools and workpieces. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device. Figure I ;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device. Figure II ;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the device;

[0017] Figure 4 This is the front view of the device;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the braking mechanism of this device;

[0019] Among them, 1. spindle seat, 2. spindle cavity, 3. spindle, 4. braking mechanism, 5. drive motor, 6. mounting base, 7. rotating table, 8. rotating sleeve, 9. fixed plate, 10. swing plate, 11. friction plate, 12. dual-output electric telescopic rod, 13. reset spring, 14. driven pulley, 15. driving pulley, 16. oscillating head motor. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0021] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 One embodiment shown is as follows: The spindle seat 1 is the core skeleton of the entire structure. The spindle cavity 2 inside it is precision machined to form a specific shape and dimensional tolerance to accommodate the installation of the spindle 3. The spindle 3 is inserted into the spindle cavity 2 using a spline connection. An annular groove is provided at the end of the spindle 3. A snap ring is used to lock the spindle 3 in the groove to restrict the axial displacement of the spindle 3, thereby realizing the disassembly and connection of the spindle 3 in the spindle cavity 2. The drive motor 5 is fastened to the outer wall of the spindle seat 1 by bolts. Its output shaft is connected to one end of the spindle 3 by a rigid coupling to ensure stable power transmission, so that the drive motor 5 can accurately drive the spindle 3 to rotate. The mounting base 6 has an annular structure. The rotating table 7 is inserted into the mounting base 6. The outer cylindrical surface of the rotating table 7 and the inner cylindrical surface of the mounting base 6 are finely ground to ensure that the rotating table 7 can rotate smoothly and flexibly in the mounting base 6, thereby realizing the relative rotation function between the mounting base 6 and the spindle seat 1.

[0022] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 5 One embodiment shown is as follows: The rotating sleeve 8 is installed in the middle of the spindle cavity 2 via two sets of deep groove ball bearings. The inner ring of the bearing is interference-fitted with the outer cylindrical surface of the rotating sleeve 8, and the outer ring of the bearing is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the spindle cavity 2, thereby enabling the rotating sleeve 8 to rotate smoothly around its axis within the spindle cavity 2. The rotating sleeve 8 and the spindle 3 are connected by a key. Keyways are machined at corresponding positions on the inner wall of the rotating sleeve 8 and the spindle 3, and a flat key is installed in the keyway, enabling the rotating sleeve 8 and the spindle 3 to rotate synchronously. The fixing plate 9 is fixed to the inner wall of the spindle cavity 2 by welding. On the wall, a stable support structure is formed. One end of the swing plate 10 is connected to the fixed plate 9 through a cylindrical hinge. The hinge pin passes through the corresponding round holes on the swing plate 10 and the fixed plate 9, and cotter pins are installed at both ends of the pin to prevent the pin from falling off, so that the swing plate 10 can swing flexibly around the hinge pin. The friction plate 11 is fixed to the outer surface of the swing plate 10 by countersunk bolts. When the swing plate 10 swings outward, the friction plate 11 can fit tightly against the inner cylindrical surface of the rotating sleeve 8, and the friction between the two can be used to achieve the braking effect on the rotating sleeve 8.

[0023] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: When the main shaft 3 needs to be braked, the dual-output electric telescopic rod 12 starts working after receiving the braking signal. Its two output ends apply a pushing force to the corresponding swing plate 10, causing the swing plate 10 to swing around the hinge point with the fixed plate 9. The friction plate 11 on the outside of the swing plate 10 gradually approaches and contacts the rotating sleeve 8 as the swing plate 10 swings. Since there is friction between the friction plate 11 and the rotating sleeve 8, when the friction is large enough, it can prevent the rotation of the rotating sleeve 8, thereby achieving braking of the main shaft 3. After braking is completed, the dual-output electric telescopic rod 12 stops working, and the elastic force of the reset spring 13 causes the swing plate 10 to return to its original position. The friction plate 11 separates from the rotating sleeve 8, releasing the braking state, and the main shaft 3 can resume free rotation.

[0024] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 5 One embodiment shown is as follows: The dual-output electric telescopic rod 12 is fixed on the fixed plate 9. The two output ends of the dual-output electric telescopic rod 12 are cylindrical structures, and their ends are in direct contact with the swing plate 10. When the electric telescopic rod is working, the telescopic movement of the output ends can push the swing plate 10 to swing around the hinge. The two ends of the reset spring 13 are hooked on the hooks on the inner side of the two swing plates 10 respectively. The initial state of the spring is the stretched state. Its tension can pull the swing plate 10 back to the initial position after the electric telescopic rod stops working, so that the friction plate 11 is disengaged from the rotating sleeve 8 and the braking state is released.

[0025] Reference Figure 3One embodiment shown is as follows: the driven pulley 14 is fixed to the outer cylindrical surface of the rotating platform 7 via a shrink-fit sleeve connection. The shrink-fit sleeve clamps onto the corresponding mounting positions of the rotating platform 7 and the driven pulley 14, forming a firm connection between the driven pulley 14 and the rotating platform 7, enabling synchronous rotation. The driven pulley 14 is mounted on a bearing seat within the mounting base 6 via a deep groove ball bearing. The inner ring of the bearing is interference-fitted with the journal of the driven pulley 14, and the outer ring of the bearing is tightly fitted with the inner hole of the bearing seat, ensuring flexible rotation of the driven pulley 14 within the mounting base 6. The driving pulley 15 is also mounted on the mounting base 6 via a deep groove ball bearing. On another bearing seat inside the mounting base 6, it is connected to the output end of the oscillating motor 16 through a flexible coupling. The flexible coupling can compensate for the coaxiality error between the motor output shaft and the drive pulley 15 shaft to a certain extent and transmit torque. The drive pulley 15 and the driven pulley 14 are connected by a synchronous belt. The synchronous belt passes around the grooves of the drive pulley 15 and the driven pulley 14, and the power is transmitted through the meshing of the belt teeth and the grooves. The mounting base 6 provides a mounting foundation for the oscillating motor 16. The oscillating motor 16 is fixed to the outer wall of the mounting base 6 by bolts to ensure its stability during operation.

[0026] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: the rotational motion of the oscillating head motor 16 is transmitted to the driving pulley 15 through the output end. The driving pulley 15 drives the synchronous belt to move, and the synchronous belt in turn drives the driven pulley 14 to rotate. Since the driven pulley 14 is fixedly connected to the rotating table 7 on the spindle seat 1, and the rotating table 7 is inserted into the mounting base 6 and can rotate relative to it, when the driven pulley 14 rotates, it will drive the mounting base 6 to rotate relative to the spindle seat 1, thereby realizing the oscillating head action of the spindle 3. By controlling the forward and reverse rotation and speed of the oscillating head motor 16, the oscillating head angle and speed of the spindle 3 can be precisely adjusted to meet the requirements of different processing techniques.

[0027] The working principle of this device is as follows: During the operation of the machining center, the drive motor 5 provides continuous rotational power to the spindle 3, causing the spindle 3 to drive the cutting tool to rotate at high speed for cutting. When the machining process requires changing the cutting angle of the spindle 3, the swivel motor 16 starts and drives the mounting base 6 to rotate relative to the spindle base 1 according to the above-mentioned swivel action principle, thereby realizing the swivel operation of the spindle 3. During the entire machining process, if it is necessary to stop the spindle 3 urgently or stop at a specific position, the braking mechanism 4 works quickly according to the braking principle to precisely brake the spindle 3.

[0028] The working principle of this device has been explained through the above embodiments. These embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A machining center mechanical spindle tilting head structure, comprising a spindle seat (1), characterized in that: The spindle seat (1) has a spindle cavity (2) inside, and a spindle (3) is detachably connected inside the spindle cavity (2). A braking mechanism (4) for braking the spindle (3) is provided inside the spindle cavity (2). A drive motor (5) is fixedly installed on the spindle seat (1). The output end of the drive motor (5) is fixedly connected to the spindle (3). A mounting seat (6) is provided on the spindle seat (1). The mounting seat (6) and the spindle seat (1) can rotate relative to each other. A rotating platform (7) is provided at one end of the spindle seat (1). The rotating platform (7) is inserted into the mounting seat (6) and can rotate inside the mounting seat (6).

2. The machining center mechanical spindle tilting head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The braking mechanism (4) includes a rotating sleeve (8), which is rotatably connected to the middle of the main shaft cavity (2). The rotating sleeve (8) is fixedly connected to the main shaft (3). A fixing plate (9) is provided in the main shaft cavity (2). The fixing plate (9) is fixedly connected in the main shaft cavity (2). Two opposing and swingable swing plates (10) are provided in the main shaft cavity (2). The two swing plates (10) are hinged to the fixing plate (9). Friction plates (11) that can contact the rotating sleeve (8) are provided on the outer side of the two swing plates (10). When the friction plates (11) contact the rotating sleeve (8), the rotating sleeve (8) is braked.

3. The machining center mechanical spindle tilting head structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixed plate (9) is provided with a dual-output electric telescopic rod (12) located between two swing plates (10). The two output ends of the dual-output electric telescopic rod (12) are respectively connected to the swing plates (10) on their corresponding sides. A reset spring (13) is connected between the two swing plates (10).

4. The machining center mechanical spindle tilting head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting base (6) is provided with a rotatable driven pulley (14), which is fixedly connected to the rotating table (7). The mounting base (6) is provided with a rotatable driving pulley (15), which is connected to the driven pulley (14) by a synchronous belt drive. The mounting base (6) is fixedly provided with a swaying head motor (16), and the output end of the swaying head motor (16) is fixedly connected to the driving pulley (15).

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