Sponge city bioretention pond

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model provides a sponge city bioretention pond. The sponge city bioretention pond comprises a vegetation layer, an impermeable film, a fine sand filter layer, a coarse sand filter layer, a gravel drainage layer, a drainage pipe, an adjusting mechanism, an overflow pipe and a pipe body, the vegetation layer, the fine sand filtering layer, the coarse sand filtering layer and the gravel drainage layer are sequentially arranged on the impermeable film from top to bottom, the drainage pipe extends into the gravel drainage layer, the overflow pipe is buried in the vegetation layer and the fine sand filtering layer, the pipe body is in sliding connection with the overflow pipe, and the pipe body is in sliding connection with the gravel drainage layer. The adjusting mechanism can adjust the height of the pipe body. The utility model relates to the field of sponge cities. The height of the pipe body is adjusted through the adjusting mechanism, installation personnel can conduct debugging and optimization according to the actual site situation, it is ensured that the detention layer in the detention pond is within the design range, a vegetation layer does not need to be excavated again, and the labor cost is saved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of sponge city, specifically is a kind of sponge city biological retention pond. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the traditional rainwater drainage system has been difficult to cope with the extreme weather and storm events brought by urbanization. In order to solve the problem of urban water resource management, the concept of sponge city emerges as the times require, aiming to absorb, store, infiltrate and purify rainwater through natural processes, so as to realize effective management and utilization of rainwater. As an important part of sponge city, biological retention pond simulates the water cycle process in natural ecological system, and uses plants, soil and microorganisms to effectively absorb and purify rainwater. Biological retention pond is usually composed of vegetation layer, filter layer and infiltration layer, and its main function is to reduce water pollution and increase rainwater infiltration through root absorption of plants, soil filtration and decomposition of microorganisms, thereby reducing the burden of urban drainage system. However, the height of overflow port in traditional sponge city biological retention pond design is usually fixed at the construction stage. Due to the differences between actual conditions such as precipitation, topography and water level in the pond and design assumptions, the fixed height of overflow port cannot adapt to changing environment. Moreover, once the traditional design is completed, if the height of overflow port needs to be adjusted, additional excavation or modification work is usually required, which not only wastes manpower and resources, but also increases construction cost and time. SUMMARY

[0003] According to the embodiments of the utility model, a sponge city biological retention pond is provided. The problem of traditional design once completed, if the height of overflow port needs to be adjusted, additional excavation or modification work is usually required, which not only wastes manpower and resources, but also increases construction cost and time is solved.

[0004] In the first aspect of the utility model, a sponge city biological retention pond is provided.

[0005] The sponge city biological retention pond comprises a vegetation layer, an impermeable membrane, a fine sand filter layer, a coarse sand filter layer, a gravel drainage layer, a drainage pipe, an adjusting mechanism, an overflow pipe and a pipe body. The vegetation layer, the fine sand filter layer, the coarse sand filter layer and the gravel drainage layer are arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the impermeable membrane. The drainage pipe extends into the gravel drainage layer. The overflow pipe is buried in the vegetation layer and the fine sand filter layer. The pipe body is slidably connected with the overflow pipe. The adjusting mechanism can adjust the height of the pipe body.

[0006] Preferably, the adjusting mechanism comprises a bottom plate, a plate body, a plurality of insertion slots, an insertion block, a protruding block and a through hole.

[0007] The bottom plate is connected with the overflow pipe, the bottom plate is connected with the plate body, the protruding block is connected with the pipe body, the through hole is processed on the protruding block, the plate body passes through the through hole and can slide in the through hole, the plug-in block is connected with the through hole, a plurality of the plug-in slots are processed on the plate body, and the plug-in block can be plugged into the plug-in slots for positioning.

[0008] Preferably, it also comprises a water tank, a drainage pipe and a filter screen; the upper part of the pipe body is connected with the filter screen, the overflow pipe is connected with the water tank, and the water tank is connected with the drainage pipe.

[0009] Preferably, a cleaning mechanism is arranged on the overflow pipe.

[0010] The cleaning mechanism comprises a pump body, a mounting seat, an output pipe, a main pipe, a plurality of annular pipes, a plurality of fan-shaped spray heads, an input pipe and a frame body.

[0011] The pump body is connected with the mounting seat, the output end of the pump body is connected with the output pipe, the output pipe is connected with the main pipe, the main pipe is connected with a plurality of annular pipes, a plurality of fan-shaped spray heads are respectively connected with a plurality of annular pipes, the input end of the pump body is connected with the input pipe, and the input pipe is connected with the water tank.

[0012] Preferably, a plurality of fan-shaped spray heads are equidistantly distributed on a plurality of annular pipes.

[0013] Preferably, an auxiliary mechanism is arranged in the overflow pipe.

[0014] The auxiliary mechanism comprises a cylinder, an opening, a floating ball, an outer cylinder and a plurality of water-permeable holes.

[0015] The outer cylinder is connected with the overflow pipe, the outer cylinder passes through the filter screen, the filter screen can move up and down relative to the outer cylinder, a plurality of water-permeable holes are processed on the outer cylinder, the bottom end of the outer cylinder is inserted into the gravel drainage layer, the floating ball is arranged in the inner part of the cylinder, the floating ball is connected with the cylinder, and the opening is processed on the cylinder.

[0016] Preferably, a monitoring mechanism is arranged on the outer cylinder.

[0017] The monitoring mechanism comprises a back plate, a mounting plate, a magnetic switch, a control unit and a magnetic block.

[0018] The back plate is connected with the inner wall of the outer cylinder, the back plate is attached to the mounting plate, the top and bottom of the mounting plate are respectively connected with the magnetic switch and the control unit, and the magnetic block is connected with the inner wall of the cylinder.

[0019] Preferably, the monitoring mechanism further comprises a top plate, a screw rod, a sleeve and a sliding groove.

[0020] The top plate is connected with the back plate, the top plate is rotationally connected with the screw rod, the chute is formed on the back plate, the chute is slidingly connected with the sleeve, and the sleeve is connected with the mounting plate.

[0021] One or more technical solutions provided in the application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0022] 1. The sponge city biological retention tank provided by the utility model can adjust the height of the pipe body through the adjusting mechanism, installation personnel can debug and optimize according to the actual situation on site, and it is ensured that the retention layer in the retention tank is within the design range, without the need of re-excavating the vegetation layer, so that manpower cost is saved.

[0023] 2. The sponge city biological retention tank provided by the utility model can adjust the height of the pipe body through the adjusting mechanism, installation personnel can debug and optimize according to the actual situation on site, and it is ensured that the retention layer in the retention tank is within the design range, without the need of re-excavating the vegetation layer, so that manpower cost is saved.

[0024] It should be understood that the content described in the utility model content part is not intended to limit the key or important features of the embodiments of the utility model, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the utility model. Other features of the utility model will become apparent through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the embodiments of the utility model will become more apparent with reference to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals indicate the same or similar elements, and:

[0026] Figure 1 A perspective connection structure schematic diagram of the sponge city biological retention tank according to the embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0027] Figure 2 A connection structure schematic diagram of the overflow pipe and the pipe body of the sponge city biological retention tank according to the embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0028] Figure 3 An exploded view of the sponge city biological retention tank according to the embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0029] Figure 4 A connection structure schematic diagram of the adjusting mechanism of the sponge city biological retention tank according to the embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0030] Figure 5A connection structure schematic view of the cleaning mechanism of the sponge city biological retention tank is shown according to the embodiment of the utility model.

[0031] Figure 6 A connection structure schematic view of the auxiliary mechanism of the sponge city biological retention tank is shown according to the embodiment of the utility model.

[0032] Figure 7 A connection structure schematic view of the monitoring mechanism of the sponge city biological retention tank is shown according to the embodiment of the utility model.

[0033] Mark explanation:

[0034] 1-overflow pipe, 2-pipe body, 3-regulating mechanism, 301-bottom plate, 302-plate body, 303-bump, 304-through hole, 305-insert block, 306-insert slot, 4-cleaning mechanism, 401-pump body, 402-mounting seat, 403-output pipe, 404-input pipe, 405-main pipe, 406-annular pipe, 407-fan-shaped shower head, 5-monitoring mechanism, 501-back plate, 502-top plate, 503-screw rod, 505-sleeve, 506-mounting plate, 507-magnetic switch, 508-magnetic block, 509-control unit, 510-slotted, 6-auxiliary mechanism, 601-cylinder, 604-outer cylinder, 605-water-permeable hole, 7-filter screen, 8-water tank, 9-drain pipe, 10-anti-seepage membrane, 11-fine sand filter layer, 12-coarse sand filter layer, 13-gravel drainage layer, 14-vegetation layer, 15-drainage pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the utility model clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0036] In addition, the term "and / or" in this paper is only to describe the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent the three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. In addition, the character " / " in this paper generally represents that the front and rear associated objects are a "or" relationship.

[0037] For example, Figures 1 to 7As shown, the sponge city bio-retention pool comprises a vegetation layer 14, an impermeable membrane 10, a fine sand filter layer 11, a coarse sand filter layer 12, a gravel drainage layer 13, a drainage pipe 9, an adjusting mechanism 3, an overflow pipe 1 and a pipe body 2. The impermeable membrane 10 is a polyethylene geomembrane, which is mainly made of a milky white translucent to opaque thermoplastic resin material-polyethylene resin. The impermeable membrane 10 has good chemical stability, high rigidity and toughness, good mechanical strength, good resistance to environmental stress cracking and tearing strength, and the mechanical properties and barrier properties will be improved accordingly with the increase of the density, high heat resistance and tensile strength, and can resist acid, alkali, organic solvents and other corrosion. The vegetation layer 14, the fine sand filter layer 11, the coarse sand filter layer 12 and the gravel drainage layer 13 are arranged in turn from top to bottom on the impermeable membrane 10, the roots of the plants in the vegetation layer 14 can absorb the nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.) in the rainwater, reduce the risk of water eutrophication, and the fine sand filter layer 11, the coarse sand filter layer 12 and the gravel drainage layer 13 can preliminarily filter the rainwater. The drainage pipe 9 extends into the gravel drainage layer 13, and the drainage pipe 9 discharges the filtered rainwater to the water storage tank for centralized use. The overflow pipe 1 is buried in the vegetation layer 14 and the fine sand filter layer 11, the pipe body 2 is slidably connected with the overflow pipe 1, and the distance between the top end surface of the pipe body 2 and the vegetation layer 14 is called the retention layer, which is the highest liquid level in the bio-retention pool. Excess water will enter the pipe body 2 and then enter the overflow pipe 1 through the pipe body 2. The water in the overflow pipe 1 is finally discharged into the municipal rainwater pipe network. The adjusting mechanism 3 can adjust the height of the pipe body 2.

[0038] In actual use, the user can change the extension length of the pipe body 2 relative to the overflow pipe 1 through the adjusting mechanism 3, thereby realizing the adjustment of the height of the retention layer. By adjusting the height of the pipe body 2 through the adjusting mechanism 3, the installer can debug and optimize according to the actual situation on site, so as to ensure that the retention layer in the bio-retention pool is within the design range, without the need to re-excavate the vegetation layer, thereby saving labor cost.

[0039] In the embodiment, the adjusting mechanism 3 comprises a bottom plate 301, a plate body 302, a plurality of insertion slots 306, an insertion block 305, a protruding block 303 and a through hole 304. The bottom plate 301 is connected with the overflow pipe 1, the bottom plate 301 is connected with the plate body 302, the protruding block 303 is connected with the pipe body 2, the through hole 304 is processed on the protruding block 303, the through hole 304 is arc-shaped, and the center of the arc-shaped through hole 304 coincides with the center of the overflow pipe 1. The plate body 302 passes through and slides in the through hole 304, and the insertion block 305 is connected with the through hole 304. A plurality of insertion slots 306 are processed on the plate body 302, and the insertion block 305 can be positioned by being inserted into the insertion slots 306.

[0040] In actual use, when the user needs to change the height of the pipe body 2, the pipe body 2 can be rotated to disengage the plug 305 from the slot 306. After the plug 305 is disengaged from the slot 306, the user can lift the pipe body 2 upward. When the pipe body 2 reaches the specified position, the pipe body 2 can be rotated again so that the plug 305 in the through hole 304 is inserted into the corresponding slot 306 for positioning. The positions of the plurality of slots 306 on the plate body 302 are not limited and can be opened as needed. The positioning of the pipe body 2 is achieved through the plug-in relationship between the plug 305 and the slot 306. The overall structure is simple, the production cost is low, and it is convenient to use in the field environment.

[0041] In the embodiment, the water tank 8, the drainage pipe 15, and the filter screen 7 are also included. The filter screen 7 is connected to the top of the pipe body 2, and the overflow pipe 1 is connected to the water tank 8. The drainage pipe 15 passes through the top of the water tank 8 and extends to below the inside of the water tank 8. The drainage pipe 15 is connected to the municipal rainwater pipe network outside.

[0042] In actual use, the water entering the pipe body 2 finally enters the water tank 8 for storage, and the drainage pipe 15 introduces the water in the water tank 8 into the municipal rainwater pipe network. The filter screen 7 can prevent large-sized impurities such as branches from entering the pipe body 2, which is convenient for subsequent cleaning by the operator.

[0043] In the embodiment, the overflow pipe 1 is provided with a cleaning mechanism 4. The cleaning mechanism 4 includes a pump body 401, a mounting seat 402, an output pipe 403, a main pipe 405, a plurality of annular pipes 406, a plurality of fan-shaped nozzles 407, an input pipe 404, and a frame body 408. The pump body 401 is a pressure pump. The pump body 401 is connected to the mounting seat 402. The output end of the pump body 401 is connected to the output pipe 403. The output pipe 403 is connected to the main pipe 405. The main pipe 405 is connected to the plurality of annular pipes 406. The plurality of fan-shaped nozzles 407 are arranged on the plurality of annular pipes 406. The input end of the pump body 401 is connected to the input pipe 404. The input pipe 404 is connected to the water tank 8. The plurality of fan-shaped nozzles 407 are equally distributed on the plurality of annular pipes 406.

[0044] In actual use, the user can start the pump body 401. The pump body 401 pumps out the water in the water tank 8 and pressurizes it. The pump body 401 outputs the pressurized water from the output pipe 403. The water in the output pipe 403 enters the main pipe 405 and then enters the plurality of annular pipes 406 from the main pipe 405. Finally, the plurality of fan-shaped nozzles 407 on the plurality of annular pipes 406 clean the filter screen 7, preventing the accumulated sludge and impurities on the filter screen 7 from affecting the normal entry of rainwater into the pipe body 2. The collected rainwater is used to clean the filter screen 7, which saves the labor cost of frequent cleaning of the filter screen 7 by the staff.

[0045] In the embodiment, the overflow pipe 1 is internally provided with an auxiliary mechanism 6. The auxiliary mechanism 6 comprises a cylinder 601, an opening 602, a floating ball 603, an outer cylinder 604 and a plurality of water-permeable holes 605. The outer cylinder 604 is connected with the overflow pipe 1, the outer cylinder 604 penetrates through the filter screen 7, the filter screen 7 can move up and down relative to the outer cylinder 604, the plurality of water-permeable holes 605 are processed on the outer cylinder 604, the size of the plurality of water-permeable holes 605 is not limited, the plurality of water-permeable holes 605 are arranged in the gravel drainage layer 13, and the gravel in the gravel drainage layer 13 cannot enter the water-permeable holes 605. The bottom end of the outer cylinder 604 is inserted into the gravel drainage layer 13, and a sharp part 606 is arranged below the outer cylinder 604, so as to facilitate the user to insert the outer cylinder 604 into the gravel drainage layer 13. The floating ball 603 is arranged in the interior of the cylinder 601, the floating ball 603 is connected with the cylinder 601, and the floating ball 603 can change with the change of the liquid level. The opening 602 is processed on the cylinder 601 and is arranged on the side of the cylinder 601 close to the monitoring mechanism 5.

[0046] In actual use, when the bioretention pool is laid, the impermeable film 10 is laid first, then the gravel drainage layer 13 is laid, the outer cylinder 604 on the overflow pipe 1 is inserted into the gravel drainage layer 13, the drainage pipe 9 and the drainage pipe 15 penetrate through the impermeable film 10, the drainage pipe 9 and the drainage pipe 15 are respectively connected with the external water storage pool and the municipal rainwater pipe network, the positions, at which the drainage pipe 9 and the drainage pipe 15 penetrate through the impermeable film 10, are sealed, so as to avoid leakage of rainwater between the impermeable film 10 and the drainage pipe 9 or between the impermeable film 10 and the drainage pipe 15, and then the vegetation layer 14, the fine sand filter layer 11 and the coarse sand filter layer 12 are laid in sequence. The floating ball 603 in the outer cylinder 604 can change with the change of the liquid level, the user can observe the position of the cylinder 601 to judge the actual liquid level in the bioretention pool, when the liquid level is too low, water can be supplied to the bioretention pool through external water diversion, so as to ensure the normal growth of the vegetation in the vegetation layer 14.

[0047] In the embodiment, the outer cylinder 604 is provided with the monitoring mechanism 5. The monitoring mechanism 5 comprises a back plate 501, a mounting plate 506, a magnetic switch 507, a control unit 509 and a magnetic block 508. The back plate 501 is mounted on the inner side wall of the outer cylinder 604, the filter screen 7 does not touch the monitoring mechanism 5 in the process of up-down adjustment, the back plate 501 is attached with the mounting plate 506, the top and bottom of the mounting plate 506 are respectively connected with the magnetic switch 507 and the control unit 509, and the magnetic block 508 is connected with the inner side wall of the cylinder 601. The control unit 509 comprises an Arduino processor, a GPIO pin and a WIFI module.

[0048] In actual use, when the liquid level in the bio-retention basin is too low, the float ball 603 and the cylinder 601 will move downward with the height of the liquid surface, at this time, the magnetic block 508 on the cylinder 601 also moves downward, when the magnetic block 508 approaches the magnetic switch 507, the magnetic switch 507 changes the working state based on the Hall effect, when the magnetic block 508 approaches the magnetic switch 507, the magnetic field changes the working state of the magnetic switch 507, and an electrical signal is generated, the output signal of the magnetic switch 507 is transmitted to the Arduino processor in the control unit 509 through the GPIO line, after the Arduino processor receives the signal of the magnetic switch 507, it is judged whether the signal meets the triggering condition (i.e. whether the magnetic block 508 is close), for example, if the magnetic switch outputs a high level (indicating that the magnetic block is close, i.e. the liquid level is too low), the control unit 509 determines that the magnetic block is close, and sends information to the terminal through the WIFI module in the control unit 509 for reminding. The specific working principle and use method of the control unit 509 and the magnetic switch 507 are well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0049] In the embodiment, the monitoring mechanism 5 further comprises a top plate 502, a screw rod 503, a sleeve 505 and a sliding groove 510. The top plate 502 is connected above the back plate 501 and is used to close the space above the back plate 501. The screw rod 503 is rotationally connected with the top plate 502 through a bearing. The sliding groove 510 is processed on the back plate 501, and the sliding groove 510 is slidingly connected with the sleeve 505. The sleeve 505 cannot rotate under the limitation of the sliding groove 510 and can only move linearly along the sliding groove 510. The sleeve 505 is connected with the mounting plate 506.

[0050] In actual use, when it is necessary to change the position of the magnetic switch 507, the screw rod 503 can be rotated, and the sleeve 505 can be moved up and down when the screw rod 503 rotates. The sleeve 505 indirectly drives the magnetic switch 507 to move up and down in the process, which realizes the adjustment of the position of the magnetic switch 507 and the monitoring of different liquid levels. The user can adjust according to actual needs.

[0051] The above specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A sponge city bioretention cell, characterized in that, The utility model provides a kind of overflow pipe and pipe body, which are connected by adjusting mechanism, and the height of pipe body can be adjusted by adjusting mechanism.

2. The sponge city bioretention pond of claim 1, wherein, The adjusting mechanism (3) includes a bottom plate (301), a plate body (302), a plurality of insertion slots (306), an insertion block (305), a protruding block (303) and a through hole (304). The bottom plate (301) is connected with the overflow pipe (1), the bottom plate (301) is connected with the plate body (302), the protruding block (303) is connected with the pipe body (2), the through hole (304) is formed in the protruding block (303), the plate body (302) passes through the through hole (304) and can slide in the through hole (304), the insertion block (305) is connected with the through hole (304), a plurality of insertion slots (306) are formed in the plate body (302), and the insertion block (305) can be positioned by being inserted into the insertion slot (306).

3. The sponge city bioretention pond of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising a water tank (8), a drainage pipe (15) and a filter screen (7); the upper portion of the pipe body (2) is connected with the filter screen (7), the overflow pipe (1) is connected with the water tank (8), and the water tank (8) is connected with the drainage pipe (15).

4. The sponge city bioretention pond of claim 3, wherein, The overflow pipe (1) is provided with a cleaning mechanism (4). The cleaning mechanism (4) includes a pump body (401), a mounting seat (402), an output pipe (403), a main pipe (405), a plurality of annular pipes (406), a plurality of fan-shaped spray heads (407), an input pipe (404) and a frame body (408). The pump body (401) is connected with the mounting seat (402), the output end of the pump body (401) is connected with the output pipe (403), the output pipe (403) is connected with the main pipe (405), the main pipe (405) is connected with a plurality of annular pipes (406), a plurality of annular pipes (406) are respectively connected with a plurality of fan-shaped spray heads (407), the input end of the pump body (401) is connected with the input pipe (404), and the input pipe (404) is connected with the water tank (8).

5. The sponge city bioretention pond of claim 4, wherein, A plurality of fan-shaped spray heads (407) are equidistantly distributed on a plurality of annular pipes (406).

6. The sponge city bioretention pond of claim 3, wherein, The overflow pipe (1) is provided with an auxiliary mechanism (6) inside; The auxiliary mechanism (6) includes a cylinder (601), an opening (602), a floating ball (603), an outer cylinder (604) and a plurality of water-permeable holes (605). The outer cylinder (604) is connected with the overflow pipe (1), the outer cylinder (604) passes through the filter screen (7), the filter screen (7) can move up and down relative to the outer cylinder (604), a plurality of water permeable holes (605) are processed on the outer cylinder (604), the bottom end of the outer cylinder (604) is inserted into the gravel drainage layer (13), the floating ball (603) is arranged in the inner part of the cylinder (601), the floating ball (603) is connected with the cylinder (601), and the opening (602) is processed on the cylinder (601).

7. The sponge city bioretention pond of claim 6, wherein, The outer cylinder (604) is provided with a monitoring mechanism (5); The monitoring mechanism (5) comprises a back plate (501), a mounting plate (506), a magnetic switch (507), a control unit (509) and a magnetic block (508). The back plate (501) is connected with the inner wall of the outer cylinder (604), the back plate (501) is attached to the mounting plate (506), the top and bottom of the mounting plate (506) are connected with the magnetic switch (507) and the control unit (509) respectively, and the magnetic block (508) is connected with the inner wall of the cylinder (601).

8. The sponge city bioretention pond of claim 7, wherein, The monitoring mechanism (5) further comprises a top plate (502), a screw rod (503), a sleeve (505) and a sliding groove (510); The top plate (502) is connected with the back plate (501), the top plate (502) is rotationally connected with the screw rod (503), the sliding groove (510) is processed on the back plate (501), the sliding groove (510) is slidingly connected with the sleeve (505), and the sleeve (505) is connected with the mounting plate (506).

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