Multistage energy storage fire extinguishing system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of fire safety, in particular to a multistage energy storage fire-fighting system, which adopts five-stage fire-fighting configuration and comprises a first-stage microparticle fire early warning system, a second-stage microparticle fire early warning system and a third-stage microparticle fire early warning system, the first-stage microparticle fire early warning system is provided with a microparticle early warning detector; the secondary fire-fighting early warning system comprises a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor and a volatile organic compound sensor; the third-stage heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system consists of a pressure storage type heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing device and a control host; the four-stage high-pressure fire-fighting water submerged fire extinguishing system is provided with a set of fire-fighting water submerged fire extinguishing system; the five-stage fire water monitor system is composed of a plurality of groups of fire water monitors which are arranged on the periphery of the energy storage power station. According to the utility model, five-stage fire-fighting configuration is adopted, so that timely early warning and accurate suppression processing of the primary stage of thermal runaway of the lithium battery in the battery compartment can be realized, and the loss caused by fire of the energy storage battery compartment is reduced as much as possible.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fire safety technology, and more specifically, to a multi-stage energy storage fire protection system. Background Technology

[0002] Energy storage fire protection systems are an important component of energy storage power station facilities. With the rapid development of energy storage and distributed energy systems, the safety of energy storage systems has become increasingly prominent. The application of fire protection systems in energy storage systems can not only ensure the safety of equipment and the environment, but also effectively prevent fire accidents. The design of containerized energy storage fire protection systems follows the principle of "prevention first, combined with fire protection".

[0003] Battery energy storage may experience overheating, short circuits, and other issues during operation, which can easily lead to fires. Therefore, installing an efficient fire suppression system is essential to ensure the safe and stable operation of energy storage systems. Such systems can not only respond quickly in the early stages of a fire and effectively extinguish the fire source, but also detect potential hazards before a fire occurs, providing early warnings and intervention. Through advanced fire detection technologies, such as temperature sensors and smoke detectors, the fire suppression system can monitor the operating status of energy storage equipment in real time, promptly detect and handle abnormal situations, thereby minimizing fire risks.

[0004] However, current traditional energy storage fire suppression systems have significant drawbacks, including limited detection methods, poor fire extinguishing effectiveness, slow equipment response, and poor system flexibility. Specifically:

[0005] 1. Traditional energy storage fire suppression systems rely on a limited range of detection methods, typically employing both smoke and heat detectors. This approach has significant limitations in electrochemical energy storage chambers. Using only smoke and heat detectors means that the alarm will only be triggered after the battery has completely thermally runaway, generating heat and smoke that has spread throughout the entire chamber. This is essentially a "post-event notification," failing to provide early warning and intervention.

[0006] 2. Secondly, the fire protection systems used in energy storage power stations primarily employ dry powder extinguishing systems and water sprinkler systems. However, practical experience has revealed drawbacks to these systems: dry powder extinguishing agents are almost ineffective against lithium battery fires; the sprayed material is difficult to clean up, resulting in significant economic losses; furthermore, prolonged vibration can cause the agent to clump and become damp, rendering it unusable; it can only extinguish open flames and cannot fundamentally suppress fires, often leading to reignition later. It lacks the dual function of cooling and extinguishing fires, making it unsuitable for lithium battery fires. Water sprinkler systems are technologically mature, offering significant cooling and extinguishing effects, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, using water as the extinguishing medium also has obvious drawbacks: high water consumption, long extinguishing time, and the potential for short-circuiting and damage to batteries in the energy storage compartment after extinguishing the fire, rendering normal batteries unusable and resulting in even greater losses.

[0007] 3. Furthermore, fire suppression in energy storage battery compartments focuses on preventing thermal runaway of the batteries to prevent reignition and impact on other normal batteries. Existing fire protection systems utilize building fire alarm controllers, which cannot flexibly link with the BMS system and external equipment, resulting in a slow and ineffective response to energy storage battery fires. Finally, existing fire-fighting equipment has poor cooling performance, making it difficult to effectively control the spread and reignition of the fire. The unique characteristics of energy storage battery fires require fire protection systems that can not only extinguish open flames but also suppress thermal runaway of the batteries, a capability that existing systems lack. Utility Model Content

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing systems, this invention provides a multi-level energy storage fire protection system. This system adopts a five-level fire protection configuration, aiming to achieve timely early warning and precise suppression of the initial stage of thermal runaway of lithium batteries in the battery compartment, thereby minimizing the losses caused by fires in the energy storage battery compartment.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0010] A multi-level energy storage fire protection system adopts a five-level fire protection configuration, including a first-level microparticle fire early warning system, a second-level fire warning system, a third-level heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system, a fourth-level high-pressure fire flooding fire extinguishing system, and a fifth-level fire monitor system;

[0011] The primary microparticle fire early warning system is equipped with a microparticle early warning detector for early warning and handling of battery failures.

[0012] The secondary fire early warning system includes a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, and a volatile organic compound sensor, used to detect smoke and abnormal temperature signals in the early stages of a fire.

[0013] The three-stage heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system consists of a pressurized heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing device and a control host, and is used for cluster-level fire extinguishing in the battery compartment.

[0014] The four-level high-pressure fire flooding extinguishing system is equipped with a fire flooding extinguishing system for filling the burning battery compartment with water and extinguishing the fire by total flooding.

[0015] The five-level fire monitor system consists of multiple sets of fire monitors, which are placed around the perimeter of the energy storage power station.

[0016] Furthermore, the microparticle early warning detector in the primary microparticle fire early warning system is installed inside the battery compartment to monitor battery faults. When the microparticle early warning detector detects an abnormality, it issues an alarm signal, while the energy storage system continues to operate.

[0017] Furthermore, the primary microparticle fire early warning system, the secondary fire warning system, the tertiary heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system, the quaternary high-pressure fire flooding fire extinguishing system, and the quinary fire monitor system are linked with the EMS management system and controlled by the EMS management system.

[0018] Furthermore, the secondary fire early warning system is connected to the fire controller. If any one of the temperature sensor, smoke sensor, carbon monoxide sensor, or volatile organic compound sensor generates an abnormal signal, the energy storage system will stop operating, and the fire controller will issue an early warning signal.

[0019] Furthermore, the three-stage heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system adopts a suspended heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing device, which is started by electrical control, and a set of heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing devices is suspended on the top of each battery compartment.

[0020] Furthermore, the four-level high-pressure fire flooding extinguishing system is supplied with water through external fire water pipes, and each battery compartment is equipped with seven fire water interfaces.

[0021] Furthermore, the three-stage heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system has both manual and automatic control modes.

[0022] Furthermore, the five-level fire monitor system is connected to an external fire water pipe and is supplied with water by the external fire water pipe, and shares a fire water pipe with the four-level high-pressure fire flooding extinguishing system.

[0023] Furthermore, the fire controller is connected to the alarm to issue an audible and visual alarm.

[0024] Furthermore, the four-level high-pressure fire flooding system, the three-level heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system, and the five-level fire monitor system are all connected to a sequence controller. The four-level high-pressure fire flooding system has a lower priority than the three-level heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system. When the three-level heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system cannot effectively extinguish the fire, the four-level high-pressure fire flooding system is activated. The five-level fire monitor system has a lower priority than the four-level high-pressure fire flooding system. When the four-level high-pressure fire flooding system cannot effectively extinguish the fire, the five-level fire monitor system is activated.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. Ensuring power supply and energy security: This utility model effectively prevents fire accidents by real-time monitoring and rapid response to fire hazards, ensuring the continuous operation of the energy storage power station and providing reliable power supply.

[0027] 2. Reduce fire losses: Fire protection systems can quickly activate fire extinguishing procedures in the early stages of a fire, controlling the fire within a minimal area, effectively reducing damage to equipment and property, and minimizing economic losses.

[0028] 3. Improve fire safety: The fire protection system adopts advanced fire detection technology and efficient fire extinguishing methods, which can monitor fire hazards inside the energy storage power station in real time and respond quickly when a fire occurs, significantly improving the fire safety level of the energy storage power station and providing strong protection for the safe and stable operation of the power station.

[0029] 4. Promote the widespread application of energy storage technology: It provides an important guarantee for the safe operation of energy storage power stations and further promotes the widespread application of energy storage technology in many fields. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the multi-stage energy storage fire protection system in this utility model.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the multi-stage energy storage fire protection system in this utility model.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the control circuit for the multi-stage energy storage fire protection system of this utility model.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the three-stage heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system in the multi-stage energy storage fire protection system of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of this utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0035] Example:

[0036] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a multi-level energy storage fire protection system adopts a five-level fire protection configuration, including a first-level microparticle fire early warning system, a second-level fire warning system, a third-level heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system, a fourth-level high-pressure fire flooding fire extinguishing system, and a fifth-level fire monitor system.

[0037] The Level 1 microparticle fire early warning system is equipped with a microparticle early warning detector to achieve early warning and handling of battery faults. When a battery experiences abnormal temperature changes or loose connections, microparticles are generated. For example, when the battery temperature rises, the concentration of substances on the battery surface increases significantly (normally 26-30 degrees Celsius, but reaching 39-46 degrees Celsius during overcharging; at this point, the BMS battery management system cannot detect the internal temperature changes of the lithium battery). Lithium dendrites generated at the negative electrode can chemically react with the PVDF binder at room temperature to produce hydrogen gas. The concentration is very low and the gas does not completely diffuse, but the microparticle system can still sensitively issue an alarm signal. Therefore, compared to other gases generated after thermal runaway, using a microparticle fire early warning system as an early safety warning signal for lithium battery thermal runaway is very effective. In this situation, the energy storage system will not stop operating, only issue an alarm.

[0038] The secondary fire alarm system includes temperature sensors, smoke sensors, carbon monoxide sensors, and volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors to detect smoke and temperature anomalies in the early stages of a fire. The system monitors the battery compartment's operating temperature, smoke, carbon monoxide, and VOC levels in real time. The detectors utilize advanced sensors and algorithms to accurately detect smoke and temperature anomalies in the early stages of a fire and promptly transmit these signals to the control system. The entire system is designed for fire-fighting linkage. When the fire controller issues an alarm signal, the energy storage system stops operating to ensure the fire suppression system can function normally. Simultaneously, an early warning signal is issued.

[0039] The three-stage heptafluoropropane fire suppression system consists of a pressurized heptafluoropropane fire suppression device and a control unit, used for cluster-level fire suppression within battery compartments. A pressurized heptafluoropropane fire suppression device is installed inside the battery compartment for compartment-level protection, achieving cluster-level fire suppression. When the control unit receives a fire suppression command, it immediately activates the device, releasing highly efficient heptafluoropropane extinguishing agent. This extinguishing agent, with its superior fire suppression performance, can quickly extinguish electrical fires. Its unique fire suppression mechanism, by inhibiting the combustion chain reaction, not only rapidly cools the area but also effectively prevents the fire from spreading, protecting surrounding equipment from secondary damage.

[0040] The Level 4 high-pressure fire suppression system is equipped with a fire suppression system for flooding the burning battery compartment with water for total flooding. When heptafluoropropane is ineffective in extinguishing the fire, the Level 4 high-pressure fire suppression system is activated to flood the burning battery compartment with water for total flooding. The fire suppression system can cover every part of the interior, thereby effectively reducing the spread of fire and smoke, and enabling the fire to be effectively controlled in the shortest possible time.

[0041] The five-stage fire monitor system consists of multiple sets of fire monitors positioned around the perimeter of the energy storage power station. It achieves station-wide water spraying for cooling, preventing the escalation of an accident, and the fire monitors can extinguish fires from a distance. Fire scenes often present dangerous environments with high temperatures and dense smoke, making it difficult for ordinary water guns to directly approach the fire source. However, the fire monitors can spray dozens of meters, extinguishing fires even when personnel cannot approach, and simultaneously rapidly cooling the battery compartments to prevent the fire from affecting adjacent battery compartments.

[0042] In this embodiment, the microparticle early warning detector in the primary microparticle fire early warning system is installed inside the battery compartment to monitor battery faults. When the microparticle early warning detector detects an abnormality, it issues an alarm signal, while the energy storage system continues to operate.

[0043] In this embodiment, the primary microparticle fire early warning system, the secondary fire warning system, the tertiary heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system, the quaternary high-pressure fire flooding fire extinguishing system, and the quinary fire monitor system are linked with the EMS management system and controlled by the EMS management system.

[0044] In this embodiment, the secondary fire early warning system is connected to the fire controller. If any one of the temperature sensor, smoke sensor, carbon monoxide sensor, and volatile organic compound sensor generates an abnormal signal, the energy storage system will stop operating. At the same time, the fire controller will issue an early warning signal to realize early warning and handling of battery failure, block the development of the failure, prevent the spread of the accident, and ensure the safety of the energy storage system.

[0045] In this embodiment, the three-stage heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system adopts a suspended heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing device. The device is started by electrical control, and a set of heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing devices is suspended on the top of each battery compartment.

[0046] In this embodiment, the four-level high-pressure fire flooding extinguishing system is supplied with water through an external fire water pipe, and each battery compartment is equipped with seven fire water interfaces.

[0047] In this embodiment, the three-stage heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system has both manual and automatic control modes.

[0048] In this embodiment, the five-level fire monitor system is connected to an external fire water pipe and is supplied with water by the external fire water pipe, and shares a fire water pipe with the four-level high-pressure fire flooding extinguishing system.

[0049] In this embodiment, the fire controller is connected to the alarm and is used to issue an audible and visual alarm.

[0050] In this embodiment, the Level IV high-pressure fire flooding extinguishing system, the Level III heptafluoropropane extinguishing system, and the Level V fire monitor system are all connected to the sequence controller. The Level IV high-pressure fire flooding extinguishing system has a lower priority than the Level III heptafluoropropane extinguishing system. When the Level III heptafluoropropane extinguishing system cannot effectively extinguish the fire, the Level IV high-pressure fire flooding extinguishing system is activated. The Level V fire monitor system has a lower priority than the Level IV high-pressure fire flooding extinguishing system. When the Level IV high-pressure fire flooding extinguishing system cannot effectively extinguish the fire, the Level V fire monitor system is activated.

[0051] The working principle of this multi-stage energy storage fire protection system:

[0052] If the microparticle early warning detector in the Level 1 microparticle fire early warning system detects a battery fault or abnormality, it will issue an alarm signal, but the energy storage system will continue to operate. At the same time, the EMS management system will record and evaluate the abnormal signal.

[0053] The secondary fire alarm system is connected to the fire controller, and temperature sensors, smoke sensors, carbon monoxide sensors, and volatile organic compound sensors are used to monitor the internal conditions of the battery compartment. If any sensor in the secondary fire alarm system generates an abnormal signal, the energy storage system immediately stops operating, the fire controller issues an alarm signal, and prepares to activate the tertiary heptafluoropropane fire suppression system.

[0054] Depending on the fire situation, the three-stage heptafluoropropane fire suppression system can be activated manually or automatically. Upon electrical activation, the heptafluoropropane extinguishing device suspended above the battery compartment releases the extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire in a cluster-like manner. Heptafluoropropane can rapidly extinguish electrical fires; its unique extinguishing mechanism, by inhibiting the combustion chain reaction, not only rapidly cools the fire but also effectively prevents its spread and protects surrounding equipment from secondary damage.

[0055] If the Class III heptafluoropropane fire suppression system fails to effectively control the fire, the EMS management system automatically activates the Class IV high-pressure water flooding fire suppression system. The system supplies water through external fire hoses to fill the burning battery compartment with water, achieving total flooding fire suppression, thereby effectively reducing the spread of fire and smoke, and enabling the fire to be effectively controlled in the shortest possible time.

[0056] When the Level 4 high-pressure fire suppression system fails to effectively control the fire, the EMS management system activates the Level 5 fire monitor system. The fire monitor system, supplied with water through external fire hoses, provides external support and final extinguishing of the fire. The fire monitors can extinguish fires from a distance, achieving station-wide water spraying for cooling and preventing the fire from escalating. Fire scenes often present dangerous environments with high temperatures and dense smoke; ordinary water guns cannot directly approach the fire source, while fire monitors can spray tens of meters, extinguishing the fire even when personnel cannot approach. Simultaneously, they can rapidly cool the battery compartment, preventing the fire from affecting adjacent battery compartments.

[0057] In summary, throughout the firefighting process, the EMS management system continuously monitors the fire situation and the operational status of each fire protection system to ensure firefighting effectiveness and adjusts firefighting strategies as needed. The system is divided into five levels, each designed and configured for different types of fire threats and stages, ensuring appropriate responses at each stage of the fire. Through particle warning detectors, temperature sensors, smoke sensors, carbon monoxide sensors, and volatile organic compound sensors, changes in the battery compartment and its surrounding environment are monitored in real time, promptly detecting potential fire hazards. All levels of fire protection systems are linked with the EMS management system to achieve intelligent control and management. The EMS management system determines the fire situation based on sensor and detector signals and automatically or manually activates the corresponding fire protection systems. The fire protection systems respond tiered according to priority; when a lower-level system cannot effectively control the fire, a higher-level system is automatically or manually activated.

[0058] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating this utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. Any obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of this utility model are still within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-stage energy storage fire protection system, employing a five-level fire protection configuration, characterized in that: It includes a Level 1 microparticle fire early warning system, a Level 2 fire early warning system, a Level 3 heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system, a Level 4 high-pressure fire flooding fire extinguishing system, and a Level 5 fire monitor system; The primary microparticle fire early warning system is equipped with a microparticle early warning detector for early warning and handling of battery failures. The secondary fire early warning system includes a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, and a volatile organic compound sensor, used to detect smoke and abnormal temperature signals in the early stages of a fire. The three-stage heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system consists of a pressurized heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing device and a control host, and is used for cluster-level fire extinguishing in the battery compartment. The four-level high-pressure fire flooding extinguishing system is equipped with a fire flooding extinguishing system for filling the burning battery compartment with water and extinguishing the fire by total flooding. The five-level fire monitor system consists of multiple sets of fire monitors, which are placed around the perimeter of the energy storage power station.

2. The multi-stage energy storage fire protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microparticle early warning detector in the primary microparticle fire early warning system is installed inside the battery compartment to monitor battery malfunctions.

3. The multi-stage energy storage fire protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Level 1 microparticle fire early warning system, Level 2 fire early warning system, Level 3 heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system, Level 4 high-pressure fire flooding fire extinguishing system, and Level 5 fire monitor system are linked with the EMS management system and controlled by the EMS management system.

4. The multi-stage energy storage fire protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary fire early warning system is connected to the fire controller.

5. The multi-stage energy storage fire protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-stage heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system uses a suspended heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing device, which is started by electrical control. Each battery compartment has a set of heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing devices suspended on its top.

6. The multi-stage energy storage fire protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four-level high-pressure fire flooding extinguishing system is supplied with water through external fire water pipes, and each battery compartment is equipped with seven fire water interfaces.

7. The multi-stage energy storage fire protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-stage heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system has both manual and automatic control modes.

8. The multi-stage energy storage fire protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The five-level fire monitor system is connected to an external fire water pipe and is supplied with water by the external fire water pipe. It also shares a fire water pipe with the four-level high-pressure fire flooding extinguishing system.

9. The multi-stage energy storage fire protection system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fire controller is connected to the alarm and is used to issue audible and visual alarms.

10. The multi-stage energy storage fire protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four-level high-pressure fire flooding extinguishing system, the three-level heptafluoropropane extinguishing system, and the five-level fire monitor system are all connected to the sequence controller.

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