Feces compost fermentation pretreatment device

Abstract

The utility model relates to an excrement compost fermentation pretreatment device which comprises a dehydration mechanism and a mixing mechanism, the mixing mechanism comprises a mixing barrel which is obliquely arranged, a feeding hopper is arranged at the upper end of the mixing barrel, and a solid outlet of the dewatering mechanism is connected with the feeding hopper; a discharge port is formed in the lower end of the mixing barrel, a rotating shaft is arranged in the mixing barrel, a plurality of scattering columns are fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft, and one end of the rotating shaft is connected with a mixing motor; a plurality of through holes are formed in the top of the mixing barrel, a conveying branch pipe is arranged in each through hole, the conveying branch pipes are connected with a main conveying pipe, and the main conveying pipe is sequentially connected with a lime powder discharging mechanism and an air inlet mechanism. According to the utility model, fresh excrement is dehydrated, and dry crop straws are added to adjust the water content, so that the water content of a mixture meets the fermentation requirement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of composting fermentation technology, and in particular to a pretreatment device for manure composting fermentation. Background Technology

[0002] Livestock farming produces a large amount of manure, which can be used as high-quality organic fertilizer. However, it cannot usually be applied directly; it must first undergo composting to disinfect harmful substances such as bacteria and insect eggs. To ensure effective fermentation, the humidity of the compost pile should be controlled at around 50% to 60%. However, freshly collected manure contains a large amount of urine and other moisture, which is not conducive to the growth of microorganisms. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a manure composting fermentation pretreatment device, which improves the manure composting fermentation effect by pretreating the manure.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: a manure composting fermentation pretreatment device, including a dehydration mechanism and a mixing mechanism;

[0005] The mixing mechanism includes an inclined mixing cylinder with a feed hopper at its upper end, and the solid outlet of the dewatering mechanism connected to the feed hopper. A discharge port is located at the lower end of the mixing cylinder. A rotating shaft is installed inside the mixing cylinder, with multiple dispersing columns fixedly mounted on the shaft, and a mixing motor connected to one end of the shaft. Multiple through holes are located at the top of the mixing cylinder, each containing a conveying branch pipe. These conveying branch pipes are connected to a main conveying pipe, which in turn is connected to a lime powder feeding mechanism and an air inlet mechanism.

[0006] Furthermore, the dehydration mechanism includes a horizontally arranged separation cylinder, with a feeding hopper at the top of one end of the separation cylinder and a dehydration cylinder at the other end. A solid outlet is located at the end of the dehydration cylinder. The cylinder walls of both the dehydration cylinder and the separation cylinder are provided with multiple drainage holes. The inner diameter of the dehydration cylinder gradually decreases in the direction towards the solid outlet. A liquid collection tank is provided below the dehydration cylinder and the separation cylinder. A conveying shaft is provided inside the separation cylinder, and a spiral conveying plate is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the conveying shaft. One end of the conveying shaft is connected to a conveying motor.

[0007] Furthermore, the lime powder feeding mechanism includes a storage bin, the bottom of which is provided with a feeding port, and a push rod that slides and engages with the feeding port is provided inside the feeding port, the push rod being connected to a lifting mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism is a cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer wall of the push rod is provided with multiple material-pushing columns.

[0010] Furthermore, an air suction fan is provided above the feed hopper, and the air suction fan is connected to a deodorization mechanism.

[0011] Furthermore, the air intake mechanism is a fan or an air pump.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: First, fresh manure is dehydrated to a moisture content of approximately 65%. Then, the manure is fed into a mixing drum, along with crushed and dried crop straw. Simultaneously, the lime powder feeding mechanism, air intake mechanism, and mixing motor are activated. The mixing motor drives the rotating shaft, causing the dispersing column to break up the manure and promote thorough and uniform mixing of the manure and crop straw. The lime powder feeding mechanism feeds lime powder into the main conveying pipe, while the air intake mechanism delivers outside air into the main conveying pipe. Under the action of the airflow, the lime powder enters the various conveying branch pipes, then the mixing drum, and finally mixes with the manure. After mixing, the overall moisture content of the material is controlled at approximately 50% to 60%.

[0013] This invention dehydrates fresh manure and adds dried crop straw to adjust the moisture content, ensuring the mixture meets fermentation requirements. Furthermore, adding quicklime powder adjusts the pH and provides initial sterilization. The quicklime powder is pneumatically conveyed into the mixing tank, promoting air circulation. During the manure breaking up and mixing process, air can fully contact the manure, increasing the oxygen content in the mixed material. This makes composting an aerobic process, thus ensuring effective fermentation. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the dehydration mechanism;

[0016] Reference numerals: 1—Mixing cylinder; 2—Feed hopper; 3—Discharge port; 4—Rotating shaft; 5—Dispersing column; 6—Mixing motor; 7—Conveying branch pipe; 8—Separation cylinder; 9—Feed bin; 10—Collection tank; 11—Conveying shaft; 12—Spiral conveyor; 13—Conveying motor; 14—Dewatering cylinder; 15—Main conveying pipe; 16—Air intake mechanism; 17—Storage bin; 18—Push rod; 19—Lifting mechanism; 20—Push column; 21—Suction fan; 22—Deodorization mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] The fecal composting and fermentation pretreatment device of this utility model, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the system includes a dehydration mechanism and a mixing mechanism. The dehydration mechanism is used to dehydrate fresh manure, reducing its water content to approximately 65%. During the dehydration process, the manure is typically compressed, causing it to clump together and expelling air, resulting in a very low oxygen content. Since composting is an aerobic process, primarily utilizing the growth of aerobic microorganisms to decompose organic matter, a low oxygen content in the manure is detrimental to fermentation efficiency. Therefore, this invention employs a mixing mechanism to break up the clumps of manure, increasing its oxygen content. Simultaneously, an appropriate amount of dried crop straw is added, making the manure more fluffy and allowing it to retain more air. Furthermore, the dried crop straw further regulates the moisture content, bringing the overall moisture content of the mixture to approximately 50% to 60%, creating favorable fermentation conditions. In addition, the high nitrogen content and low carbon content in feces will limit the reproduction of microorganisms and the decomposition of organic matter. Crop straw can increase the carbon content, regulate the ratio of carbon to nitrogen, and ensure the fermentation effect.

[0019] Specifically, the mixing mechanism includes an inclined mixing cylinder 1, with an angle of 5 to 10° between the mixing cylinder 1 and the horizontal plane. A feed hopper 2 is located at the upper end of the mixing cylinder 1, for feeding dehydrated manure and crushed, dried crop straw. The solid outlet of the dehydration mechanism is connected to the feed hopper 2, and the solid outlet can be positioned above the feed hopper 2, allowing manure discharged from the solid outlet to fall directly into the feed hopper 2. Alternatively, an inclined conveying trough can be connected to the solid outlet, with its lower end positioned above the feed hopper 2. Manure discharged from the solid outlet falls into the conveying trough and then slides along the conveying trough into the feed hopper 2. Dried crop straw can be added manually. A discharge port 3 is located at the lower end of the mixing cylinder 1 for discharging the mixed material.

[0020] To break up the dehydrated feces and promote thorough and uniform mixing of various materials, a rotating shaft 4 is installed inside the mixing drum 1, coaxially with the mixing drum 1. Multiple dispersing columns 5 are fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 4, perpendicular to the shaft 4. One end of the shaft 4 is connected to a mixing motor 6, which drives the rotating shaft 4 to rotate at a constant speed. As the shaft 4 rotates, it drives the dispersing columns 5 to rotate, thus breaking up clumps of feces and mixing the feces with other materials, resulting in a uniform mixture.

[0021] The top of the mixing cylinder 1 has multiple through holes, each containing a conveying branch pipe 7. The conveying branch pipe 7 is connected to a main conveying pipe 15, which is sequentially connected to a lime powder feeding mechanism and an air intake mechanism 16. The lime powder feeding mechanism conveys quicklime powder into the main conveying pipe 15, while the air intake mechanism 16 delivers outside air into the main conveying pipe 15. Under the action of the wind, the quicklime powder in the main conveying pipe 15 enters each conveying branch pipe 7 along with the air and enters the mixing cylinder 1. Under the stirring of the dispersing column 5, the quicklime powder is evenly mixed with manure and crop straw.

[0022] This invention first uses a dehydration mechanism to dehydrate fresh feces, reducing the water content to approximately 65%. Then, an appropriate amount of dried crop straw and quicklime powder are added to adjust the overall moisture content of the mixture to approximately 50% to 60%. Furthermore, the quicklime powder is transported into the mixing drum 1 using wind power, while outside air simultaneously enters the mixing drum 1, replenishing it with fresh, oxygen-rich air, which helps increase the oxygen content in the feces.

[0023] In this invention, the dehydration mechanism includes a horizontally arranged separation cylinder 8. A feed hopper 9 is located at the top of one end of the separation cylinder 8, allowing fresh feces to be added. A dehydration cylinder 14 is located at the other end of the separation cylinder 8, coaxial with the separation cylinder 8. A solids outlet is located at the end of the dehydration cylinder 14. Feces pass through the separation cylinder 8 and the dehydration cylinder 14 sequentially before being discharged from the solids outlet. The walls of the dehydration cylinder 14 and the separation cylinder 8 are provided with multiple drainage holes for discharging the squeezed-out water. To prevent solid impurities from clogging the drainage holes, at least one layer of filter cloth can be provided on the inner walls of the dehydration cylinder 14 and the separation cylinder 8. The inner diameter of the dehydration cylinder 14 gradually decreases towards the solids outlet. A collection tank 10 is located below the dehydration cylinder 14 and the separation cylinder 8. A conveying shaft 11 is located inside the separation cylinder 8, with a spiral conveying plate 12 fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the conveying shaft 11. One end of the conveying shaft 11 is connected to a conveying motor 13.

[0024] The conveyor motor 13 drives the conveyor shaft 11 and the screw conveyor 12 to rotate. When the screw conveyor 12 rotates, it pushes the feces in the dewatering cylinder 14 and the separation cylinder 8 to move axially. In the separation cylinder 8, some of the water in the feces is automatically discharged through the drain hole. After the feces enter the dewatering cylinder 14, as the inner diameter of the dewatering cylinder 14 gradually decreases, the feces are gradually squeezed, and the water in the feces is squeezed out. The water removed from the feces falls into the collection tank 10. The water in the collection tank 10 usually has an odor. To prevent the odor from overflowing, the drain hole can be set in the lower half of the dewatering cylinder 14 and the separation cylinder 8. A sealing plate is set at the top of the collection tank 10. The sealing plate is connected to the middle of the side walls of the dewatering cylinder 14 and the separation cylinder 8 to form a relatively sealed water storage space to prevent the odor in the collection tank 10 from overflowing. A drain outlet can be set at the bottom of the collection tank 10. The drain outlet is connected to a conveying pump to transport the wastewater to the treatment facility for treatment.

[0025] In this invention, the lime powder feeding mechanism includes a storage bin 17 located above the main conveying pipe 15. A feeding port is located at the bottom of the storage bin 17 and connected to the main conveying pipe 15. A push rod 18, which slides within the feeding port, is connected to a lifting mechanism 19. The storage bin 17 is conical, with a smaller lower end and a larger upper end, and stores quicklime powder inside. When the lower end of the push rod 18 enters the feeding port, it closes the port. When the lower end of the push rod 18 moves upwards above the feeding port and completely disengages, the quicklime powder in the storage bin 17 enters the feeding port and falls downwards into the main conveying pipe 15. The lifting mechanism 19 drives the push rod 18 to move up and down at a uniform speed, causing the push rod 18 to repeatedly enter and exit the feeding port, thus achieving continuous and uniform feeding. The lifting mechanism 19 can be a commonly used device such as a cylinder.

[0026] Friction between powder particles affects flowability and may lead to uneven feeding. This invention addresses this by providing multiple material-guiding columns 20 on the outer wall of the push rod 18. These columns can be cylindrical or conical. When the lower end of the push rod 18 enters the feeding port, the material-guiding columns 20 do not enter the port but remain above it. As the push rod 18 moves up and down, the material-guiding columns 20 agitate the quicklime powder around it, promoting its flow and ensuring smooth feeding.

[0027] Outside air enters the mixing drum 1 through the conveying branch pipe 7 and is discharged from the feed hopper 2 or the discharge port 3, carrying with it the odor of the feces. To prevent the odor from affecting the surrounding environment, this invention provides an air suction fan 21 above the feed hopper 2 and near the discharge port 3. The air suction fan 21 is connected to a deodorization mechanism 22. The air suction fan 21 delivers the discharged air to the deodorization mechanism 22, where it is deodorized before being discharged. The deodorization mechanism 22 can use existing air deodorization equipment, such as activated carbon adsorption deodorization.

[0028] In this utility model, the air intake mechanism 16 is a fan or an air pump.

[0029] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A manure composting and fermentation pretreatment device, characterized in that: Includes a dehydration mechanism and a mixing mechanism; The mixing mechanism includes an inclined mixing cylinder (1), with a feeding hopper (2) at the upper end of the mixing cylinder (1), and the solid outlet of the dewatering mechanism connected to the feeding hopper (2); a discharge port (3) is provided at the lower end of the mixing cylinder (1), and a rotating shaft (4) is provided inside the mixing cylinder (1), with multiple dispersing columns (5) fixedly provided on the rotating shaft (4), and a mixing motor (6) connected to one end of the rotating shaft (4); multiple through holes are provided at the top of the mixing cylinder (1), and a conveying branch pipe (7) is provided in each through hole, with the conveying branch pipe (7) connected to a main conveying pipe (15), and the main conveying pipe (15) sequentially connected to a lime powder feeding mechanism and an air inlet mechanism (16).

2. The manure composting and fermentation pretreatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The dehydration mechanism includes a horizontally arranged separation cylinder (8), with a feeding hopper (9) at the top of one end of the separation cylinder (8) and a dehydration cylinder (14) at the other end. The solid outlet is located at the end of the dehydration cylinder (14). The cylinder walls of the dehydration cylinder (14) and the separation cylinder (8) are provided with multiple drainage holes. The inner diameter of the dehydration cylinder (14) gradually decreases in the direction toward the solid outlet. A liquid collection tank (10) is provided below the dehydration cylinder (14) and the separation cylinder (8). A conveying shaft (11) is provided inside the separation cylinder (8). A spiral conveying plate (12) is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the conveying shaft (11). One end of the conveying shaft (11) is connected to a conveying motor (13).

3. The manure composting and fermentation pretreatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lime powder feeding mechanism includes a storage bin (17), the bottom of which is provided with a feeding port, and a push rod (18) that slides with the feeding port is provided inside the feeding port. The push rod (18) is connected to a lifting mechanism (19).

4. The manure composting and fermentation pretreatment device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism (19) is a cylinder.

5. The manure composting fermentation pretreatment device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the push rod (18) is provided with multiple material feeding columns (20).

6. The manure composting and fermentation pretreatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: An air suction fan (21) is provided above the feed hopper (2), and the air suction fan (21) is connected to a deodorization mechanism (22).

7. The manure composting and fermentation pretreatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake mechanism (16) is a fan or an air pump.

Images